EP0139031B1 - Set of stones for vertical composite walls - Google Patents

Set of stones for vertical composite walls Download PDF

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Publication number
EP0139031B1
EP0139031B1 EP83110449A EP83110449A EP0139031B1 EP 0139031 B1 EP0139031 B1 EP 0139031B1 EP 83110449 A EP83110449 A EP 83110449A EP 83110449 A EP83110449 A EP 83110449A EP 0139031 B1 EP0139031 B1 EP 0139031B1
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EP
European Patent Office
Prior art keywords
stone
leg
stones
additional
foundation
Prior art date
Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
Expired
Application number
EP83110449A
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German (de)
French (fr)
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EP0139031A1 (en
Inventor
Paul Couwenbergs
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Individual
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Individual
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Filing date
Publication date
Application filed by Individual filed Critical Individual
Priority to DE8383110449T priority Critical patent/DE3374884D1/en
Priority to AT83110449T priority patent/ATE31337T1/en
Priority to EP83110449A priority patent/EP0139031B1/en
Priority to US06/659,407 priority patent/US4596103A/en
Priority to JP59218774A priority patent/JPS60173240A/en
Priority to CA000465845A priority patent/CA1225246A/en
Publication of EP0139031A1 publication Critical patent/EP0139031A1/en
Application granted granted Critical
Publication of EP0139031B1 publication Critical patent/EP0139031B1/en
Expired legal-status Critical Current

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    • E—FIXED CONSTRUCTIONS
    • E04—BUILDING
    • E04C—STRUCTURAL ELEMENTS; BUILDING MATERIALS
    • E04C1/00—Building elements of block or other shape for the construction of parts of buildings
    • E04C1/39—Building elements of block or other shape for the construction of parts of buildings characterised by special adaptations, e.g. serving for locating conduits, for forming soffits, cornices, or shelves, for fixing wall-plates or door-frames, for claustra
    • E04C1/395—Building elements of block or other shape for the construction of parts of buildings characterised by special adaptations, e.g. serving for locating conduits, for forming soffits, cornices, or shelves, for fixing wall-plates or door-frames, for claustra for claustra, fences, planting walls, e.g. sound-absorbing
    • E—FIXED CONSTRUCTIONS
    • E04—BUILDING
    • E04B—GENERAL BUILDING CONSTRUCTIONS; WALLS, e.g. PARTITIONS; ROOFS; FLOORS; CEILINGS; INSULATION OR OTHER PROTECTION OF BUILDINGS
    • E04B2/00—Walls, e.g. partitions, for buildings; Wall construction with regard to insulation; Connections specially adapted to walls
    • E04B2/02—Walls, e.g. partitions, for buildings; Wall construction with regard to insulation; Connections specially adapted to walls built-up from layers of building elements
    • E04B2/04—Walls having neither cavities between, nor in, the solid elements
    • E04B2/12—Walls having neither cavities between, nor in, the solid elements using elements having a general shape differing from that of a parallelepiped
    • E—FIXED CONSTRUCTIONS
    • E04—BUILDING
    • E04B—GENERAL BUILDING CONSTRUCTIONS; WALLS, e.g. PARTITIONS; ROOFS; FLOORS; CEILINGS; INSULATION OR OTHER PROTECTION OF BUILDINGS
    • E04B2/00—Walls, e.g. partitions, for buildings; Wall construction with regard to insulation; Connections specially adapted to walls
    • E04B2/02—Walls, e.g. partitions, for buildings; Wall construction with regard to insulation; Connections specially adapted to walls built-up from layers of building elements
    • E04B2002/0202—Details of connections
    • E04B2002/0204—Non-undercut connections, e.g. tongue and groove connections
    • E04B2002/0206—Non-undercut connections, e.g. tongue and groove connections of rectangular shape

Definitions

  • the invention relates to a stone set for the formation of an essentially vertical wall structure with a basic stone having a basically L-shaped cross-sectional area, in particular artificial stone made of concrete or the like.
  • a basic stone having a basically L-shaped cross-sectional area, in particular artificial stone made of concrete or the like.
  • with a first (horizontal) and a second (vertical) leg with at least two supports, of which the first support is arranged on the outer side of the first (horizontal) leg and the second support on the free end of the second (vertical) leg , in that the supports each have a recess or a projection which, in the association of the foundation stones, respectively engage with a complementary or a complementary recess of a support of a stone in the association, and in that the supports are arranged on the foundation stone in such a way that in the case of foundation stones lying directly on top of one another, the wall structure is inclined towards the vertical.
  • a described cornerstone is known per se, for example from DE-OS 3138155.
  • a stone has recesses and projections of complementary design, which serve as mutual supports in the association of stones stacked one above the other, in that the recess and its projection of the one stone come into engagement with the projection or the recess of the adjoining stones.
  • the stones are used in various ways with advantage, and only in the wall structure, which consists exclusively of these stones, for example as a green slope fixation.
  • the object on which the invention is based is to create the possibility, using foundation stones, as they are known at least in principle, to obtain a stable vertical wall structure with a flat, closed side surface.
  • a stone set in which an additional stone with a basically L-shaped cross-sectional area has a first (horizontal) and second (vertical) legs, which are arranged at right angles to each other, and of which the first (horizontal) leg of the additional stone has a first support on its outer side for contacting said first support of a base stone and a second support on its inner side for contacting said second support of another base stone, and of which the second (vertical) leg of the additional stone has a third support has on its free end, for bearing against a support on the inner side of the first (horizontal) leg of the base stone arranged below, the first and second supports being arranged on the additional stone in such a way that those arranged in the association below and above the additional stone Foundations in the same direction o are oriented and aligned with each other.
  • the additional stone is used in association with foundation stones, as they are at least basically known, and is arranged as intermediate stones between a foundation stone above and below.
  • the foundation stones with their first and second supports which are also provided exclusively in the association of foundation stones, come to rest on the first and second supports of the additional stone.
  • These supports are arranged on the additional stone in such a way that in the association of the foundation and additional stones arranged alternately one above the other - in contrast to the association of exclusively foundation stones - there is no displacement of the foundation stones with respect to the vertical, but rather a vertical wall structure is obtained.
  • the additional stone has a second leg, which comes to lie vertically in the masonry structure and comes to rest on the first - horizontal - leg of the base stone arranged below it, so that the masonry structure consists of stacked simple brick stone rows, sufficient stability for use as a free-standing Wall. Furthermore, a closed side surface is obtained in that the vertically arranged second leg of the additional stone covers the cavity formed between the two legs of the base stone.
  • Each stone can be used individually for a wide variety of uses due to its structural design.
  • first support of the additional stone is designed as a projection and the second support of the additional stone is designed as a recess.
  • first support of the additional stone is designed as a recess and the second support of the additional stone as a projection. Appropriate designs are then required for the engaging supports of the foundation stone.
  • the invention provides that the outer side of the second (vertical) leg of the additional stone is designed as a flat surface with a flat end surface delimiting the free end of the first (horizontal) leg of the foundation stone of the foundation stone in the association below and the foundation stone arranged in the association above are aligned in one plane.
  • the rear side of the wall structure is also flat, in that it is provided according to the invention that the free end of the first (horizontal) leg of the additional stone is delimited by a flat surface which is arranged on an adjacent foundation stone The surface on the outer side of the second leg of the foundation stone is aligned.
  • a closed flat surface on the entire rear wall it is additionally provided that the flat surface on the outer side of the second (vertical) leg of the base stone extends over the entire side of the second (vertical) leg.
  • the designs with closed flat side surfaces are often desirable for visual reasons, for example to fit the wall at a certain point in the overall picture.
  • a closed, flat wall surface is required for boundary walls and walls for barrier purposes, for example in prison walls, in order to prevent the wall from climbing.
  • the additional stone usually has the same longitudinal extent as the base stone. However, versions are also provided in which the additional stone has a longitudinal extension many times greater than the base stone. Such stones can then be used to increase the stability of the wall, for example to cover gaps between foundation stones. It is thus possible to provide window-like openings and passages through the wall. Furthermore, such longer additional stones are also used for covering as the top final row of bricks. This is particularly advantageous if the remaining additional stones and foundation stones are arranged in a gap in the wall structure. It is also envisaged to provide the additional stones specially used as cover stones with a cross-sectional area adapted to this function, for example the outer sides of the two legs are made flat and / or curved.
  • the additional stone has a smaller longitudinal extent than the base stone.
  • These stones serve as leveling stones, e.g. B. as keystones of a row in order to achieve a uniform conclusion of the rows arranged one above the other with stones staggered longitudinally.
  • Such end stones preferably have a longitudinal extension of 1 ⁇ 4, 1 ⁇ 2 or% of a solid stone.
  • a base stone is provided which, on its upper bearing side, has a bearing which engages in the first bearing of the base stone of the bottom row of stones of the wall structure.
  • an additional stone can be used as such, which is initially provided as an intermediate stone between the base stones in the wall structure, which lie above and below. It is advantageous to countersink the second vertical leg of the additional stone for anchoring in the ground, thereby creating a flat standing surface of the wall. In order to obtain a flat footprint, this second leg of the additional stone can be separated.
  • base stones and cover stones can be produced by changing the additional stones specifically provided as layers between intermediate stones one above the other.
  • the cross-section of the foundation stone 1 has an essentially L-shaped cross-sectional area, in that the main extension lines of a first and a second leg 2 and 3, as shown by the course of the outer sides of the Legs are given, are arranged at right angles to each other.
  • the other facing sides of the legs 2, 3 result in a common arcuate surface 1 ', which forms a trough 1 ".
  • the outer sides of the legs only have flat surface sections arranged at right angles to one another.
  • the outer side of the leg facing away from the second leg 3 The first leg 2 has a recess 4, the outer side of the second leg 3 facing away from the first leg 2 has a corresponding protrusion 5.
  • the free end 6 of the second leg 3 is formed by a protrusion 7 which is connected to that on the
  • the projection 5, which is arranged on the outer side of this leg, is adjacent at right angles, as can be seen best in FIG. 1, the projections and recesses form uniform channels or strips running along the longitudinal extent of the base stone 1 out.
  • a trough-shaped space extends between the legs in the longitudinal direction of the stones.
  • the additional stone 10 also has an essentially L-shaped cross-sectional area and is composed of a first and a second leg 12 or 13, which adjoin one another at right angles. On the inner side of the first leg 12 facing the second leg 13 there is a recess 14 and on the outer side of this leg 12 facing away from the second leg 13 there is a projection 15 offset with respect to the recess.
  • the inner and outer side of the second leg 13 and the boundary surface of its free end are each designed as flat surfaces 16, 17 and 18.
  • the recesses 14 and the protrusion 15 of the additional stone 10 basically form channels and strips along the longitudinal extension of the additional stone, as in the case of foundation stone 1, as can be seen in FIG. 1.
  • the recess 14 and the projection 15 of the first leg 12 of the additional stone are complementary to the projection 7 at the free end 6 of the second leg 3 of the base stone 1 and to the recess 4 of the outer side of the first leg 2 of the base stone 1. These complementaries are in Engagement with one another when the foundation stones and additional stones are arranged in an alternating sequence one above the other to form a vertical wall structure, as shown in principle in FIG. 2.
  • an additional stone 10 is placed as an intermediate stone between the base stone wall layers lying below and above, with the inner side of its - horizontal - first leg 12 from the free end 6 of the second - vertical - leg 3 of a base stone 1 arranged underneath.
  • the second leg 13 of the additional stone 10 extends to the inside of the first leg 2 of the underlying base stone 1 and is supported there.
  • a base stone 1 arranged above it is supported by the outer side of its first - horizontal - leg 2.
  • a wall constructed in this way represents a form-fitting, rigid association of high stability and is suitable as a free-standing wall.
  • the stones are secured in the bandage against shifting, even under the influence of thrust and pressure forces from any direction.
  • the side wall of the wall for example as a closed vertical wall, can be formed.
  • the flat surface 17, which forms the outward-facing side of the second leg 13 of the additional stone 10, is aligned with the boundary surface 8 at the free end of the first leg 2 of the upper and lower base element of the wall structure of FIG. 2. This results in this Side of the wall a flat closed side surface for the case of an execution of the wall structure, as shown in Fig. 3, consisting of foundation stones and additional stones in alternating rows arranged without gaps.
  • an additional stone 10 ′ has a gate-like opening 23 in its second vertical leg 13. This provides access to the hollow interior, which is designed in the form of horizontal channels, and which results between the stones of a row of foundation stones and an additional row of stones supported thereon. This free access proves to be advantageous if lines are laid within the channels.
  • the troughs 1 "(FIG. 2) can be partially filled with soil (which is preferably done in layers during the construction of the wall). Planting provided in the filled soil can then be carried out through the openings 23 grow out and receive light and water from there.
  • a compensating stone 20 is arranged at the end of a row of additional stones, which, with an otherwise identical design as one of the other additional stones 10, has a smaller longitudinal extent than such. Furthermore, a compensation foundation stone 21 with a smaller longitudinal extent than one of the other foundation stones 1 used in the wall is also provided.
  • each row of the base elements in each row of the base elements arranged groove-like recesses are present, which between the projection 5 of each base stone 1 of a row and the boundary surface 19 of the free end of the first - horizontal - leg 12 of each additional stone 10 of the row arranged below it.
  • the back of the wall is composed of flat surface strips arranged between these channel-like recesses, each consisting of the flat surfaces 19 at the free ends of the first legs 12 of additional stones in a row and with these flush flat surfaces on the projections 5 on the outside of the second - vertical - Schen-Icel 3 are formed by foundation stones of a row arranged below.
  • This "back” can also be used as a front if a structured surface is required.
  • the entire rear side like the front side (FIG. 3) of this wall, can also be designed as a completely closed flat surface with a corresponding complementary design of the base stone 1 and / or the additional stone 10.
  • the foundation and additional stones 1, 10 are each arranged in a row with the same gaps between stones 1 and 10, respectively.
  • the stones 1, 10 stacked one above the other are each set to a gap, so that each stone 1 or 10, with its two ends of its longitudinal extent, lies on the ends of two stones 10 arranged below it or 1 supports by bridging the gap arranged between the ends of these two stones 10 and 1 respectively.
  • the trough-like space or the trough 1 "arranged between the legs 2, 3 of a base stone is sometimes partially open to the outside, so that this interior of the base stones 1 can be filled with soil and planted with greenery Additional stones 10 'with a gate-like opening 23 (see FIG. 3) can of course also be used here, so that the ratio of the open, greenable area to the stone front of the wall is further improved.
  • cover plate 25 On the top row of the foundation stones of the wall in FIG. 4 there is a cover plate 25 with an identical cross-sectional configuration as the other additional stones 10 used as intermediate parts in the wall.
  • This cover plate 25 is an additional stone with a longitudinal extension that is a multiple of the longitudinal extension a usual additional stone 10 or a foundation stone 1 corresponds.
  • the cover plate 25 is optically advantageous in that it bridges the channel-like upper edge formed by the uppermost row of foundation stones.
  • the cover plate 25 has a stabilizing effect.
  • corresponding additional bricks with greater longitudinal extension can also be used in the lower rows of additional bricks in the wall structure in order to increase the stability of the wall or to bridge larger gaps between the bricks arranged underneath, for example to form passages or the like.
  • FIGS. 5, 6 and 7. Three other versions of cover plates are shown in FIGS. 5, 6 and 7. These have a cross-sectional area modified in comparison to the additional stones of FIGS. 1 to 4. 5, planar outer sides of the legs 26, 27 are provided, that is to say that the projection 15 of an additional stone of FIG. 2 on the upper side of the plate is omitted. 6, the outer sides of the legs 28, 29 form a common arcuate surface. 7, the vertical leg is shortened in comparison to the embodiment of FIG. 5.
  • the cover plate essentially consists of only one - horizontal - leg 30 and a vertical stub 31, so that when used, in contrast to the above-mentioned designs, the trough-shaped interior of the base stones of the top row remains open towards the front.
  • the additional stone 10 with the cross-sectional configuration, as shown in FIGS. 1 to 4, and in particular the building block 25 provided as a cover plate in FIG. 4, is also advantageously used as the base or foundation stone of a wall structure.
  • the second leg 13 is inserted vertically into the ground and forms an anchor.
  • the outer side of the first leg 12 facing away from this second leg 13 and thus the upper side with its projection 15 forms the support for the bottom row of foundation stones of the wall structure. This eliminates the need for a footbed concreted on site, as is usually necessary, and the extended additional stone 25 is simply inserted into the ground.
  • base stone can each be produced from an additional stone initially provided as an intermediate stone. If the base stone is to lie on a flat, for example cemented support surface, it is provided for its production that the second (vertical) leg of the additional stone is separated so that the originally inner side of the remaining first leg has a flat underside with recess 14. This flat underside of the stone then serves as a support surface for the base stone on the base. In this case there is no anchoring of the base stone in the underground.
  • foundation stones 1 and additional stones 10 of a wall structure as shown in FIG. 8, or the like in their outwardly facing sides with dowels 41, 38, 39, 35 and screw eyelets 42, 47, 40, 36. be provided, which serve as a fastening device for engaging an anchoring cable 32 which engages with its one end provided with a hook 33 in the eyelet 42, 37, 40 arranged on a foundation stone 1 or additional stone 10 of the wall structure and is fixed elsewhere with its other end, for example in the anchor-like, otherwise firmly hooked-in intermediate piece 45, as shown in FIG. 8.

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  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Architecture (AREA)
  • Civil Engineering (AREA)
  • Structural Engineering (AREA)
  • Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
  • Electromagnetism (AREA)
  • Finishing Walls (AREA)
  • Revetment (AREA)
  • Fencing (AREA)
  • Retaining Walls (AREA)

Abstract

A stone set is described in which a fundamentally known base stone, especially a base stone of concrete or the like, with a principally L-shaped cross-sectional surface is used. The base stone (1) has on its first and second legs (2; 3) a first and second seat (4; 7), respectively. The seats (4; 7) are formed complementary to one another as a recess or projection. In an assembly of exclusively base stones the result is a wall inclined relative to the vertical. The wall set in accordance with the invention, in contrast to this, makes possible the construction of a vertical wall through the use of a supplemental stone (10) with a likewise L-shaped cross-sectional surface. On its first leg (12) a first and second seat (15; 14) are provided on its upper and lower sides, to engage the first and second seat (4; 7) of base stones (1) located above and below it. The stones arranged in an assembly are similarly oriented and aligned. The supplemental stone engages with the free end of its second (vertical) leg (13) the base stone (1) located below it so that the wall assembly receives greater stability.

Description

Die Erfindung betrifft einen Steinsatz zur Bildung eines im wesentlichen senkrechten Mauerverbandes mit einem eine prinzipiell L-förmige Querschnittsfläche aufweisenden Grundstein, insbesondere Kunststein aus Beton od.dgl. mit einem ersten (horizontalen) und einem zweiten (vertikalen) Schenkel, mit mindestens zwei Auflagern, von denen das erste Auflager auf der äusseren Seite des ersten (horizontalen) Schenkels und das zweite Auflager auf dem freien Ende des zweiten (vertikalen) Schenkels angeordnet ist, indem die Auflager jeweils eine Ausnehmung oder einen Vorsprung aufweisen, welche im Verband der Grundsteine jeweils in Eingriff mit einem komplementären bzw. einer komplementären Ausnehmung eines Auflagers eines im Verband auflagernden Steins stehen, und indem die Auflager auf dem Grundstein so zueinander angeordnet sind, dass im Falle direkt aufeinander lagernder gleichsinnig orientierter Grundsteine sich ein gegen die Vertikale geneigter Mauerverband ergibt.The invention relates to a stone set for the formation of an essentially vertical wall structure with a basic stone having a basically L-shaped cross-sectional area, in particular artificial stone made of concrete or the like. with a first (horizontal) and a second (vertical) leg, with at least two supports, of which the first support is arranged on the outer side of the first (horizontal) leg and the second support on the free end of the second (vertical) leg , in that the supports each have a recess or a projection which, in the association of the foundation stones, respectively engage with a complementary or a complementary recess of a support of a stone in the association, and in that the supports are arranged on the foundation stone in such a way that in the case of foundation stones lying directly on top of one another, the wall structure is inclined towards the vertical.

Ein beschriebener Grundstein ist an sich beispielsweise aus der DE-OS 3138155 bekannt. Dabei weist ein Stein jeweils komplementär ausgestaltete Ausnehmungen und Vorsprünge auf, die im Verband übereinander gelagerter Steine als gegenseitige Auflager dienen, indem die Ausnehmung und deren Vorsprung des einen Steins mit dem Vorsprung bzw. der Ausnehmung der anlagernden Steine in Eingriff kommen. Die Steine werden verschiedenartig mit Vorteil eingesetzt, und zwar ausschliesslich im Mauerverband, der ausschliesslich aus diesen Steinen besteht, etwa als begrünbare Böschungsbefestigung.A described cornerstone is known per se, for example from DE-OS 3138155. In this case, a stone has recesses and projections of complementary design, which serve as mutual supports in the association of stones stacked one above the other, in that the recess and its projection of the one stone come into engagement with the projection or the recess of the adjoining stones. The stones are used in various ways with advantage, and only in the wall structure, which consists exclusively of these stones, for example as a green slope fixation.

Nachteilig ist jedoch, dass im Verband derartiger Steine kein stabile vertikale Mauer aus einfachen übereinander gesetzten Steinlagen, etwa zum Einsatz als freistehende Mauer erhalten wird, sondern grundsätzlich ein gegen die Vertikale geneigtes Mauerwerk, wie es für den Einsatz als Böschungsbefestigung besonders vorteilhaft ist.The disadvantage, however, is that in the association of such stones no stable vertical wall is obtained from simple layers of stone placed one above the other, for example for use as a free-standing wall, but basically masonry inclined against the vertical, as is particularly advantageous for use as embankment attachment.

Ferner wird keine geschlossene ebene Seitenfläche bei einer Mauer aus derartigen bekannten Steinen erhalten, sondern es ergeben sich mit dem horizontalen Schenkel der Steine an jeder Mauersteinlage ein balkonartig vorspringender Absatz, der beim Einsatz der bekannten Steine als Böschungbefestigung begrünt wird.Furthermore, no closed flat side surface is obtained with a wall made of such known stones, but there is a balcony-like projecting shoulder with the horizontal leg of the stones on each brick layer, which is greened when using the known stones as embankment attachment.

Die der Erfindung zugrunde liegende Aufgabe besteht darin, die Möglichkeit zu schaffen, unter Verwendung von Grundsteinen, wie sie zumindest grundsätzlich bekannt sind, einen stabilen vertikalen Mauerverband mit ebener geschlossener Seitenfläche zu erhalten.The object on which the invention is based is to create the possibility, using foundation stones, as they are known at least in principle, to obtain a stable vertical wall structure with a flat, closed side surface.

Die zugrundegelegte Aufgabe wird erfindungsgemäss durch einen Steinsatz gelöst, bei dem ein Zusatzstein bei prinzipiell L-förmiger Querschnittsfläche einen ersten (horizontalen) und zweiten (vertikalen) Schenkel aufweist, die zueinander rechtwinklig angeordnet sind, und von denen der erste (horizontale) Schenkel des Zusatzsteins ein erstes Auflager auf seiner äusseren Seite zur Anlage an dem genannten ersten Auflager eines Grundsteins sowie ein zweites Auflager auf seiner inneren Seite zur Anlage an dem genannten zweiten Auflager eines anderen Grundsteins aufweist, und von denen der zweite (vertikale) Schenkel des Zusatzsteins ein drittes Auflager auf seinem freien Ende aufweist, zur Anlage an einem Auflager auf der inneren Seite des ersten (horizontalen) Schenkels des unterhalb angeordneten Grundsteins aufweist, wobei das erste und zweite Auflager auf dem Zusatzstein so angeordnet sind, dass die im Verband unterhalb und oberhalb des Zusatzsteins angeordneten Grundsteine gleichsinnig orientiert sind und miteinander fluchten.The underlying object is achieved according to the invention by a stone set in which an additional stone with a basically L-shaped cross-sectional area has a first (horizontal) and second (vertical) legs, which are arranged at right angles to each other, and of which the first (horizontal) leg of the additional stone has a first support on its outer side for contacting said first support of a base stone and a second support on its inner side for contacting said second support of another base stone, and of which the second (vertical) leg of the additional stone has a third support has on its free end, for bearing against a support on the inner side of the first (horizontal) leg of the base stone arranged below, the first and second supports being arranged on the additional stone in such a way that those arranged in the association below and above the additional stone Foundations in the same direction o are oriented and aligned with each other.

Der Zusatzstein wird im Verband zusammen mit Grundsteinen, wie sie zumindest grundsätzlich bekannt sind, eingesetzt und wird dabei als Zwischensteine zwischen einem oberhalb und unterhalb lagernden Grundstein angeordnet. Dabei kommen die Grundsteine mit ihrem ersten und zweiten Auflager, die auch im Verband aus ausschliesslich Grundsteinen vorgesehen sind, erfindungsgemäss zur Anlage an das erste bzw. zweite Auflager des Zusatzsteins. Diese Auflager sind auf dem Zusatzstein so angeordnet, dass im Verband der alternierend übereinander angeordneten Grund- und Zusatzsteine - im Unterschied zum Verband aus ausschliesslich Grundsteinen-keine Versetzung der Grundsteine gegenüber der Vertikalen auftritt, sondern vielmehr ein vertikaler Mauerverband erhalten wird. Ferner weist der Zusatzstein einen zweiten Schenkel auf, der im Mauerverband vertikal zu liegen kommt und auf dem ersten - horizontalen - Schenkel des darunter angeordneten Grundsteins zur Auflage kommt, so dass der Mauerverband der aus übereinander gelagerten einfachen Mauersteinreihen besteht, hinreichende Stabilität zum Einsatz als freistehende Mauer erhält. Ferner wird eine geschlossene Seitenfläche erhalten, indem der vertikal angeordnete zweite Schenkel des Zusatzsteins den zwischen den beiden Schenkeln des Grundsteins ausgebildeten Hohlraum abdeckt. Jeder Stein kann darüber aufgrund seiner konstruktiven Ausgestaltung einzeln für vielfältigste Verwendungszwecke eingesetzt werden.The additional stone is used in association with foundation stones, as they are at least basically known, and is arranged as intermediate stones between a foundation stone above and below. According to the invention, the foundation stones with their first and second supports, which are also provided exclusively in the association of foundation stones, come to rest on the first and second supports of the additional stone. These supports are arranged on the additional stone in such a way that in the association of the foundation and additional stones arranged alternately one above the other - in contrast to the association of exclusively foundation stones - there is no displacement of the foundation stones with respect to the vertical, but rather a vertical wall structure is obtained. Furthermore, the additional stone has a second leg, which comes to lie vertically in the masonry structure and comes to rest on the first - horizontal - leg of the base stone arranged below it, so that the masonry structure consists of stacked simple brick stone rows, sufficient stability for use as a free-standing Wall. Furthermore, a closed side surface is obtained in that the vertically arranged second leg of the additional stone covers the cavity formed between the two legs of the base stone. Each stone can be used individually for a wide variety of uses due to its structural design.

Bei einer bevorzugten Ausführung ist vorgesehen, dass das erste Auflager des Zusatzsteins als Vorsprung und das zweite Auflager des Zusatzsteins als Ausnehmung ausgebildet sind. Alternativ kann bei anderen Ausführungen vorgesehen sein, dass das erste Auflager des Zusatzsteins als Ausnehmung und das zweite Auflager des Zusatzsteins als Vorsprung ausgebildet sind. Entsprechende Ausführungen sind dann für die in Eingriff stehenden Auflager des Grundsteins erforderlich.In a preferred embodiment it is provided that the first support of the additional stone is designed as a projection and the second support of the additional stone is designed as a recess. Alternatively, it can be provided in other designs that the first support of the additional stone is designed as a recess and the second support of the additional stone as a projection. Appropriate designs are then required for the engaging supports of the foundation stone.

Um eine geschlossene ebene Seitenfläche des Mauerverbands zu erhalten, sieht die Erfindung vor, dass die äussere Seite des zweiten (vertikalen) Schenkels des Zusatzsteins als ebene Fläche ausgebildet ist, die mit einer das freie Ende des ersten (horizontalen) Schenkels des Grundsteins begrenzenden ebenen Stirnfläche des im Verband unterhalb sowie des im Verband oberhalb angeordneten Grundsteins in eine Ebene fluchtet.In order to obtain a closed flat side surface of the masonry structure, the invention provides that the outer side of the second (vertical) leg of the additional stone is designed as a flat surface with a flat end surface delimiting the free end of the first (horizontal) leg of the foundation stone of the foundation stone in the association below and the foundation stone arranged in the association above are aligned in one plane.

Bei anderen bevorzugten Ausführungen wird erreicht, dass auch die rückwärtige Seite des Mauerverbands eben ausgestaltet ist, indem erfindungsgemäss vorgesehen wird, dass das freie Ende des ersten (horizontalen) Schenkels des Zusatzsteins durch eine ebene Fläche begrenzt ist, die mit einer auf einem angrenzenden Grundstein angeordneten Fläche auf der äusseren Seite des zweiten Schenkels des Grundsteins fluchtet. Für eine geschlossene ebene Fläche an der gesamten Rückwand ist zusätzlich vorgesehen, dass die ebene Fläche auf der äusseren Seite des zweiten (vertikalen) Schenkels des Grundsteins sich über die gesamte Seite des zweiten (vertikalen) Schenkels erstreckt. Die Ausführungen mit geschlossenen ebenen Seitenflächen sind häufig aus optischen Gründen erwünscht, um beispielsweise die Mauer an bestimmter Stelle in das Gesamtbild gut einzupassen. Ferner ist eine geschlossene ebene Wandfläche für Grenzmauern und Mauern zur Absperrung erforderlich, beispielsweise bei Gefängnismauern, um das Erklimmen der Mauer zu verhindern.In other preferred embodiments it is achieved that the rear side of the wall structure is also flat, in that it is provided according to the invention that the free end of the first (horizontal) leg of the additional stone is delimited by a flat surface which is arranged on an adjacent foundation stone The surface on the outer side of the second leg of the foundation stone is aligned. For a closed flat surface on the entire rear wall, it is additionally provided that the flat surface on the outer side of the second (vertical) leg of the base stone extends over the entire side of the second (vertical) leg. The designs with closed flat side surfaces are often desirable for visual reasons, for example to fit the wall at a certain point in the overall picture. In addition, a closed, flat wall surface is required for boundary walls and walls for barrier purposes, for example in prison walls, in order to prevent the wall from climbing.

Üblicherweise weist der Zusatzstein die gleiche Längserstreckung wie der Grundstein auf. Jedoch sind auch Ausführungen vorgesehen, bei denen der Zusatzstein eine um ein Vielfaches grössere Längserstreckung als der Grundstein aufweist. Derartige Steine können dann zur Erhöhung der Stabilität der Mauer, beispielsweise zur Überdekkung von Lücken zwischen Grundsteinen eingesetzt werden. Es ist damit möglich, fensterartige Durchbrüche und Durchgänge durch die Mauer vorzusehen. Ferner werden derartige länger ausgeführte Zusatzsteine auch zur Abdeckung als oberste abschliessende Mauersteinreihe verwendet. Dies ist insbesondere dann vorteilhaft, wenn die übrigen Zusatzsteine und Grundsteine im Mauerverband auf Lücke angeordnet sind. Es ist auch vorgesehen, die speziell als Abdecksteine eingesetzten Zusatzsteine mit einer an diese Funktion angepassten Querschnittsfläche zu versehen, beispielsweise werden die äusseren Seiten der beiden Schenkel eben und/oder bogenförmig ausgeführt.The additional stone usually has the same longitudinal extent as the base stone. However, versions are also provided in which the additional stone has a longitudinal extension many times greater than the base stone. Such stones can then be used to increase the stability of the wall, for example to cover gaps between foundation stones. It is thus possible to provide window-like openings and passages through the wall. Furthermore, such longer additional stones are also used for covering as the top final row of bricks. This is particularly advantageous if the remaining additional stones and foundation stones are arranged in a gap in the wall structure. It is also envisaged to provide the additional stones specially used as cover stones with a cross-sectional area adapted to this function, for example the outer sides of the two legs are made flat and / or curved.

Bei speziellen Ausführungen ist vorgesehen, dass der Zusatzstein eine geringere Längserstrekkung als der Grundstein aufweist, diese Steine dienen als Ausgleichssteine, z. B. als Abschlusssteine einer Reihe, um einen gleichmässigen Abschluss der übereinander angeordneten Reihen mit zueinander längs versetzten Steinen zu erreichen. Derartige Abschlusssteine weisen vorzugsweise eine Längserstreckung von ¼, ½ oder % eines Vollsteines auf.In special designs it is provided that the additional stone has a smaller longitudinal extent than the base stone. These stones serve as leveling stones, e.g. B. as keystones of a row in order to achieve a uniform conclusion of the rows arranged one above the other with stones staggered longitudinally. Such end stones preferably have a longitudinal extension of ¼, ½ or% of a solid stone.

Als weiterer spezieller Zusatzstein ist ein Basisstein vorgesehen, der auf seiner oberen Lagerseite ein in das erste Lager des Grundsteins der untersten Reihe der Steine des Mauerverbands eingreifendes Lager aufweist.As a further special additional stone, a base stone is provided which, on its upper bearing side, has a bearing which engages in the first bearing of the base stone of the bottom row of stones of the wall structure.

Als solcher kann grundsätzlich ein Zusatzstein verwendet werden, der zunächst als Zwischenstein zwischen oberhalb und unterhalb anlagernden Grundsteinen im Mauerverband vorgesehen ist. Dabei ist es von Vorteil, den zweiten vertikalen Schenkel des Zusatzsteins zur Verankerung im Boden zu versenken, wodurch eine ebene Standfläche der Mauer geschaffen ist. Um eine ebene Standfläche zu erhalten, kann jedoch dieser zweite Schenkel des Zusatzsteins abgetrennt werden. Grundsätzlich ist vorgesehen, dass Basissteine und Abdecksteine durch Veränderung der speziell als Zwischensteine zwischen Grundsteinen übereinander angeordnete Lagen vorgesehene Zusatzsteine herstellbar sind.In principle, an additional stone can be used as such, which is initially provided as an intermediate stone between the base stones in the wall structure, which lie above and below. It is advantageous to countersink the second vertical leg of the additional stone for anchoring in the ground, thereby creating a flat standing surface of the wall. In order to obtain a flat footprint, this second leg of the additional stone can be separated. Basically, it is provided that base stones and cover stones can be produced by changing the additional stones specifically provided as layers between intermediate stones one above the other.

Weitere Vorteile und Merkmale der Erfindung ergeben sich aus den Ansprüchen und aus der nachfolgenden Beschreibung, in der Ausführungsbeispiele der Erfindung unter Bezugnahme auf die Zeichnungen einzeln erläutert sind. Dabei zeigen:

  • Fig. 1 einen erfindungsgemässen Zusatzstein und Grundstein in versetzter Position aufeinanderlagernd in perspektivischer Ansicht;
  • Fig. 2 einen Mauerverband aus erfindungsgemässen Steinen und Grundsteinen im Schnitt;
  • Fig. 3 eine Ausgestaltung des Mauerverbandes der Fig. 2 in Seitenansicht in Richtung Pfeil A in Fig. 2;
  • Fig. 4 eine weitere Ausgestaltung des Mauerverbandes der Fig. 2 in Seitenansicht in Richtung Pfeil A in Fig. 2;
  • Fig. 5 ein Ausführungsbeispiel einer Abdeckplatte im Schnitt (links) und in Seitenansicht (rechts);
  • Fig. 6 ein weiteres Ausführungsbeispiel einer Abdeckplatte im Schnitt (links) und in Seitenansicht (rechts);
  • Fig. 7 noch ein weiteres Ausführungsbeispiel einer Abdeckplatte im Schnitt (links) und in Seitenansicht (rechts);
  • Fig. 8 Ausführungen der Verankerung für einen Mauerverband mit erfindungsgemässen Zusatzsteinen und Grundsteinen.
Further advantages and features of the invention result from the claims and from the following description in which exemplary embodiments of the invention are explained individually with reference to the drawings. Show:
  • 1 shows an additional stone and foundation stone according to the invention in a staggered position, superimposed in a perspective view;
  • Figure 2 shows a wall structure of stones and foundation stones according to the invention in section.
  • 3 shows an embodiment of the wall structure of FIG. 2 in a side view in the direction of arrow A in FIG. 2;
  • 4 shows a further embodiment of the wall structure of FIG. 2 in a side view in the direction of arrow A in FIG. 2;
  • Figure 5 shows an embodiment of a cover plate in section (left) and in side view (right).
  • 6 shows a further embodiment of a cover plate in section (left) and in side view (right);
  • 7 shows yet another embodiment of a cover plate in section (left) and in side view (right);
  • Fig. 8 versions of the anchorage for a wall structure with additional stones and foundation stones according to the invention.

Der Grundstein 1 weist im Querschnitt, wie am besten aus Fig. 2 zu erkennen ist, eine im wesentlichen L-förmige Querschnittsfläche auf, indem die Haupterstreckungslinien eines ersten und eines zweiten Schenkels 2 bzw. 3, wie sie durch den Verlauf der äusseren Seiten der Schenkel gegeben sind, im rechten Winkel zueinander angeordnet sind. Die anderen zugewandten Seiten der Schenkel 2, 3 ergeben eine gemeinsame bogenförmige Fläche 1', die eine Mulde 1" bildet. Dagegen weisen die äusseren Seiten der Schenkel ausschliesslich rechtwinklig zueinander angeordnete ebene Flächenabschnitte auf. Die vom zweiten Schenkel 3 abgewandte - äussere - Seite des ersten Schenkels 2 weist eine Ausnehmung 4 auf, die vom ersten Schenkel 2 abgewandte - äussere - Seite des zweiten Schenkels 3 weist einen entsprechenden Vorsprung 5 auf. Das freie Ende 6 des zweiten Schenkels 3 wird durch einen Vorsprung 7 gebildet, der an den auf der äusseren Seite dieses Schenkels angeordneten Vorsprung 5 rechtwinklig angrenzt. Die Vorsprünge und Ausnehmungen bilden, wie am besten in Fig. 1 zu erkennen ist, entlang der Längserstreckung des Grundsteins 1 verlaufende gleichförmige Rinnen bzw. Leisten aus. Zwischen den Schenkeln erstreckt sich in Längsrichtung der Steine ein trogförmiger Raum.The cross-section of the foundation stone 1, as can best be seen from FIG. 2, has an essentially L-shaped cross-sectional area, in that the main extension lines of a first and a second leg 2 and 3, as shown by the course of the outer sides of the Legs are given, are arranged at right angles to each other. The other facing sides of the legs 2, 3 result in a common arcuate surface 1 ', which forms a trough 1 ". In contrast, the outer sides of the legs only have flat surface sections arranged at right angles to one another. The outer side of the leg facing away from the second leg 3 The first leg 2 has a recess 4, the outer side of the second leg 3 facing away from the first leg 2 has a corresponding protrusion 5. The free end 6 of the second leg 3 is formed by a protrusion 7 which is connected to that on the The projection 5, which is arranged on the outer side of this leg, is adjacent at right angles, as can be seen best in FIG. 1, the projections and recesses form uniform channels or strips running along the longitudinal extent of the base stone 1 out. A trough-shaped space extends between the legs in the longitudinal direction of the stones.

Der Zusatzstein 10 weist ebenfalls eine im wesentlichen L-förmige Querschnittsfläche auf und setzt sich aus einem ersten und einem zweiten Schenkel 12 bzw. 13 zusammen, die rechtwinklig aneinander anschliessen. An der dem zweiten Schenkel 13 zugewandten - inneren - Seite des ersten Schenkels 12 ist eine Ausnehmung 14 und an der vom zweiten Schenkel 13 abgewandten - äusseren - Seite dieses Schenkels 12 ist ein gegenüber der Ausnehmung versetzter Vorsprung 15 angeordnet. Die innere und äussere Seite des zweiten Schenkels 13 sowie die Begrenzungsfläche seines freien Endes sind jeweils als ebene Flächen 16, 17 bzw. 18 ausgestaltet. Die Ausnehmungen 14 und der Vorsprung 15 des Zusatzsteines 10 bilden grundsätzlich wie bei Grundstein 1 entlang der Längserstreckung des Zusatzsteins Rinnen und Leisten aus, wie in Fig. 1 zu erkennen ist.The additional stone 10 also has an essentially L-shaped cross-sectional area and is composed of a first and a second leg 12 or 13, which adjoin one another at right angles. On the inner side of the first leg 12 facing the second leg 13 there is a recess 14 and on the outer side of this leg 12 facing away from the second leg 13 there is a projection 15 offset with respect to the recess. The inner and outer side of the second leg 13 and the boundary surface of its free end are each designed as flat surfaces 16, 17 and 18. The recesses 14 and the protrusion 15 of the additional stone 10 basically form channels and strips along the longitudinal extension of the additional stone, as in the case of foundation stone 1, as can be seen in FIG. 1.

Die Ausnehmung 14 und der Vorsprung 15 des ersten Schenkels 12 des Zusatzsteins sind komplementär zu dem Vorsprung 7 am freien Ende 6 des zweiten Schenkels 3 des Grundsteins 1 bzw. zur Ausnehmung 4 der äusseren Seite des ersten Schenkels 2 des Grundsteins 1. Diese Komplementäre stehen in Eingriff miteinander, wenn Grundsteine und Zusatzsteine in alternierender Folge übereinander zu einem vertikalen Mauerverband, wie grundsätzlich in Fig. 2 dargestellt, angeordnet sind.The recess 14 and the projection 15 of the first leg 12 of the additional stone are complementary to the projection 7 at the free end 6 of the second leg 3 of the base stone 1 and to the recess 4 of the outer side of the first leg 2 of the base stone 1. These complementaries are in Engagement with one another when the foundation stones and additional stones are arranged in an alternating sequence one above the other to form a vertical wall structure, as shown in principle in FIG. 2.

In einem solchen Verband lagert also ein Zusatzstein 10 als Zwischenstein zwischen unterhalb und oberhalb lagernden Grundsteinmauerlagen mit der inneren Seite seines - horizontalen - ersten Schenkels 12 aus dem freien Ende 6 des zweiten - vertikalen - Schenkels 3 eines darunter angeordneten Grundsteins 1 auf. Dabei reicht der zweite Schenkel 13 des Zusatzsteins 10 bis auf die Innenseite des ersten Schenkels 2 des darunter gelagerten Grundsteins 1 und lagert dort auf. Auf der äusseren Seite des ersten - horizontalen - Schenkels 12 des Zusatzsteins 10 lagert ein darüber angeordneter Grundstein 1 mit der äusseren Seite seines ersten - horizontalen - Schenkels 2 auf.In such an association, an additional stone 10 is placed as an intermediate stone between the base stone wall layers lying below and above, with the inner side of its - horizontal - first leg 12 from the free end 6 of the second - vertical - leg 3 of a base stone 1 arranged underneath. The second leg 13 of the additional stone 10 extends to the inside of the first leg 2 of the underlying base stone 1 and is supported there. On the outer side of the first - horizontal - leg 12 of the additional stone 10, a base stone 1 arranged above it is supported by the outer side of its first - horizontal - leg 2.

Eine derart aufgebaute Mauer stellt einen formschlüssigen starren Verband hoher Stabilität dar und eignet sich als freistehende Mauer. Die Steine sind im Verband gegen Verschieben gesichert, auch bei Einwirken von Schub- und Druckkräften aus beliebiger Richtung.A wall constructed in this way represents a form-fitting, rigid association of high stability and is suitable as a free-standing wall. The stones are secured in the bandage against shifting, even under the influence of thrust and pressure forces from any direction.

Durch die Verwendung des Zusatzsteines 10 in Kombination mit dem Grundstein 1 kann je nach Ausgestaltung des Zusatzsteins und nach Anordnung der Steine im Verband die Seitenwand der Mauer, beispielsweise als geschlossene vertikale Wand, ausgebildet sein. Die ebene Fläche 17, die die nach aussen gewandte Seite des zweiten Schenkels 13 des Zusatzsteins 10 bildet, fluchtet jeweils mit der Begrenzungsfläche 8 am freien Ende des ersten Schenkels 2 des oberen und unteren Grundelements des Mauerverbands der Fig. 2. Somit ergibt sich auf dieser Seite der Mauer eine ebene geschlossene Seitenfläche für den Fall einer Ausführung des Mauerverbands, wie sie in Fig. 3 gezeigt ist, bestehend aus Grundsteinen und Zusatzsteinen in alternierend übereinander angeordneten lückenlosen Reihen.By using the additional stone 10 in combination with the base stone 1, depending on the design of the additional stone and the arrangement of the stones in the association, the side wall of the wall, for example as a closed vertical wall, can be formed. The flat surface 17, which forms the outward-facing side of the second leg 13 of the additional stone 10, is aligned with the boundary surface 8 at the free end of the first leg 2 of the upper and lower base element of the wall structure of FIG. 2. This results in this Side of the wall a flat closed side surface for the case of an execution of the wall structure, as shown in Fig. 3, consisting of foundation stones and additional stones in alternating rows arranged without gaps.

Bei dem in Fig. 3 gezeigten Mauerverband weist ein Zusatzstein 10' einen torartigen Durchbruch 23 in seinem zweiten vertikalen Schenkel 13 auf. Dadurch ergibt sich ein Zugang zu dem in Form horizontaler Kanäle ausgebildeten hohlen Innenraum, der sich zwischen den Steinen einer Grundsteinreihe und einer darauf lagernden Zusatzsteinreihe ergibt. Dieser freie Zugang erweist sich als vorteilhaft, wenn innerhalb der Kanäle Leitungen verlegt werden. Werden als Zusatzsteine nur solche mit torartigen Durchbrüchen 23 verwendet, so können die Mulden 1" (Fig. 2) teilweise mit Erde verfüllt werden (was vorzugsweise lagenweise im Zuge der Mauererstellung erfolgt). Eine in der eingefüllten Erde vorgesehene Bepflanzung kann dann durch die Durchbrüche 23 herauswachsen und von dort Licht und Wasser erhalten.In the wall structure shown in FIG. 3, an additional stone 10 ′ has a gate-like opening 23 in its second vertical leg 13. This provides access to the hollow interior, which is designed in the form of horizontal channels, and which results between the stones of a row of foundation stones and an additional row of stones supported thereon. This free access proves to be advantageous if lines are laid within the channels. If only stones with gate-like openings 23 are used as additional stones, the troughs 1 "(FIG. 2) can be partially filled with soil (which is preferably done in layers during the construction of the wall). Planting provided in the filled soil can then be carried out through the openings 23 grow out and receive light and water from there.

Bei der Mauer in Fig. 3 ist am Ende einer Reihe von Zusatzsteinen ein Ausgleichsstein 20 angeordnet, der bei sonst identischer Gestaltung wie einer der übrigen Zusatzsteine 10 eine geringere Längserstreckung als ein solcher aufweist. Ferner ist auch ein Ausgleichsgrundstein 21 mit geringerer Längserstreckung als einer der anderen in der Mauer eingesetzten Grundsteine 1 vorgesehen.In the wall in FIG. 3, a compensating stone 20 is arranged at the end of a row of additional stones, which, with an otherwise identical design as one of the other additional stones 10, has a smaller longitudinal extent than such. Furthermore, a compensation foundation stone 21 with a smaller longitudinal extent than one of the other foundation stones 1 used in the wall is also provided.

An der Rückseite der in Fig. 3 dargestellten Mauer sind, wie sich aus der Schnittansicht in Fig. 2 ergibt, in Längsrichtung der Mauer, und zwar in jeder Reihe der Grundelemente angeordnete rinnenartige Ausnehmungen vorhanden, die zwischen dem Vorsprung 5 jedes Grundsteins 1 einer Reihe und der Begrenzungsfläche 19 des freien Endes des ersten - horizontalen - Schenkels 12 jedes Zusatzsteins 10 der darunter angeordneten Reihe gebildet wird. Die Rückseite der Mauer setzt sich aus zwischen diesen rinnenartigen Ausnehmungen angeordneten ebenen Flächenstreifen zusammen, die jeweils aus den ebenen Flächen 19 an den freien Enden der ersten Schenkel 12 von Zusatzsteinen einer Reihe und mit diesen fluchtenden ebenen Flächen auf den Vorsprüngen 5 an der Aussenseite der zweiten - vertikalen - Schen-Icel 3 von Grundsteinen einer darunter angeordneten Reihe gebildet werden. Diese «Rückseite» kann, wenn eine strukturierte Fläche gewünscht wird, auch als Vorderseite eingesetzt werden. Selbstverständlich kann die gesamte Rückseite gleich wie die Vorderseite (Fig. 3) dieser Mauer auch bei entsprechender komplementärer Ausgestaltung des Grundsteins 1 und/oder des Zusatzsteins 10 als vollkommen geschlossene ebene Fläche ausgebildet sein.On the back of the wall shown in Fig. 3, as can be seen from the sectional view in Fig. 2, in the longitudinal direction of the wall, in each row of the base elements arranged groove-like recesses are present, which between the projection 5 of each base stone 1 of a row and the boundary surface 19 of the free end of the first - horizontal - leg 12 of each additional stone 10 of the row arranged below it. The back of the wall is composed of flat surface strips arranged between these channel-like recesses, each consisting of the flat surfaces 19 at the free ends of the first legs 12 of additional stones in a row and with these flush flat surfaces on the projections 5 on the outside of the second - vertical - Schen-Icel 3 are formed by foundation stones of a row arranged below. This "back" can also be used as a front if a structured surface is required. Of course, the entire rear side, like the front side (FIG. 3) of this wall, can also be designed as a completely closed flat surface with a corresponding complementary design of the base stone 1 and / or the additional stone 10.

Bei dem in Fig. 4 dargestellten Mauerverband sind die Grund- und Zusatzsteine 1, 10 jeweils in Reihe mit gleichen Lücken zwischen den Steinen 1 bzw. 10 angeordnet. Dabei sind die übereinander gelagerten Steine 1, 10 jeweils auf Lücke gesetzt, so dass sich jeder Stein 1 bzw. 10 mit seinen beiden Enden seiner Längserstreckung auf den Enden zweier darunter angeordneter Steine 10 bzw. 1 abstützt, indem er die zwischen den Enden dieser beiden Steine 10 bzw. 1 angeordnete Lücke überbrückt. Dabei ergibt sich ein Mauerverband mit fensterartigen Durchlässen 24. Der zwischen den Schenkeln 2, 3 eines Grundsteins angeordnete trogartige Raum oder die Mulde 1" ist jweils z.T. nach aussen hin frei, so dass dieser Innenraum der Grundsteine 1 jeweils mit Erde verfüllt und begrünt werden kann. Selbstverständlich können auch hier Zusatzsteine 10' mit torartigem Durchbruch 23 (s. Fig. 3) eingesetzt werden, so dass sich das Verhältnis von offener, begrünbarer Fläche zur Steinfront der Wand weiter verbessert.4, the foundation and additional stones 1, 10 are each arranged in a row with the same gaps between stones 1 and 10, respectively. The stones 1, 10 stacked one above the other are each set to a gap, so that each stone 1 or 10, with its two ends of its longitudinal extent, lies on the ends of two stones 10 arranged below it or 1 supports by bridging the gap arranged between the ends of these two stones 10 and 1 respectively. This results in a wall structure with window-like passages 24. The trough-like space or the trough 1 "arranged between the legs 2, 3 of a base stone is sometimes partially open to the outside, so that this interior of the base stones 1 can be filled with soil and planted with greenery Additional stones 10 'with a gate-like opening 23 (see FIG. 3) can of course also be used here, so that the ratio of the open, greenable area to the stone front of the wall is further improved.

Auf der obersten Reihe der Grundsteine der Mauer in Fig. 4 lagert eine Abdeckplatte 25 mit identischer Querschnittsausgestaltung wie die übrigen als Zwischenteile in der Mauer verwendeten Zusatzsteine 10. Bei dieser Abdeckplatte 25 handelt es sich um einen Zusatzstein mit einer Längserstreckung, die einem Vielfachen der Längserstreckung eines üblichen Zusatzsteins 10 bzw. eines Grundsteins 1 entspricht. Die Abdeckplatte 25 ist optisch vorteilhaft, indem sie den durch die oberste Grundsteinreihe gebildeten rinnenartigen oberen Rand überbrückt. Gleichzeitig wirkt die Abdeckplatte 25 stabilisierend. Selbstverständlich sind entsprechende Zusatzsteine mit grösserer Längserstreckung auch in unteren Zusatzsteinreihen des Mauerverbandes einsetzbar, um die Stabilität der Mauer zu erhöhen oder um grössere Lücken zwischen den darunter angeordneten Steinen zu überbrücken, beispielsweise zur Ausbildung von Durchgängen od.dgl.On the top row of the foundation stones of the wall in FIG. 4 there is a cover plate 25 with an identical cross-sectional configuration as the other additional stones 10 used as intermediate parts in the wall. This cover plate 25 is an additional stone with a longitudinal extension that is a multiple of the longitudinal extension a usual additional stone 10 or a foundation stone 1 corresponds. The cover plate 25 is optically advantageous in that it bridges the channel-like upper edge formed by the uppermost row of foundation stones. At the same time, the cover plate 25 has a stabilizing effect. Of course, corresponding additional bricks with greater longitudinal extension can also be used in the lower rows of additional bricks in the wall structure in order to increase the stability of the wall or to bridge larger gaps between the bricks arranged underneath, for example to form passages or the like.

Drei weitere Ausführungen von Abdeckplatten sind in den Fig. 5, 6 und 7 dargestellt. Diese weisen eine im Vergleich zu den Zusatzsteinen der Fig. 1 bis 4 abgewandelte Querschnittsfläche auf. Bei der Ausführung der Fig. 5 sind ebene äussere Seiten der Schenkel 26, 27 vorgesehen, indem also der Vorsprung 15 eines Zusatzsteines der Fig. 2 an der Oberseite der Platte entfällt. Bei der Ausführung der Fig. 6 bilden die äusseren Seiten der Schenkel 28, 29 eine gemeinsame bogenförmige Fläche aus. Bei den Ausführungen der Fig. 7 ist im Vergleich zur Ausführung der Fig. 5 der vertikale Schenkel verkürzt. Die Abdeckplatte besteht damit im wesentlichen nur aus einem - horizontalen - Schenkel 30 und einem vertikalen Stummel 31, so dass bei ihrem Einsatz im Gegensatz zu den oben genannten Ausführungen der trogförmige Innenraum der Grundsteine der obersten Reihe nach vorne hin offen bleibt.Three other versions of cover plates are shown in FIGS. 5, 6 and 7. These have a cross-sectional area modified in comparison to the additional stones of FIGS. 1 to 4. 5, planar outer sides of the legs 26, 27 are provided, that is to say that the projection 15 of an additional stone of FIG. 2 on the upper side of the plate is omitted. 6, the outer sides of the legs 28, 29 form a common arcuate surface. 7, the vertical leg is shortened in comparison to the embodiment of FIG. 5. The cover plate essentially consists of only one - horizontal - leg 30 and a vertical stub 31, so that when used, in contrast to the above-mentioned designs, the trough-shaped interior of the base stones of the top row remains open towards the front.

Der Zusatzstein 10 mit der Querschnittsgestaltung, wie in den Fig. 1 bis 4 gezeigt, und insbesondere der in Fig. 4 als Abdeckplatte vorgesehene Baustein 25 wird auch als Basis- oder Fundamentstein eines Mauerverbands mit Vorteil eingesetzt. Dabei wird der zweite Schenkel 13 vertikal in den Boden eingesetzt und bildet eine Verankerung. Die diesem zweiten Schenkel 13 abgewandte äussere und damit obere Seite des ersten Schenkels 12 mit ihrem Vorsprung 15 bildet das Auflager für die unterste Reihe Grundsteine des Mauerverbands. Hierdurch kann ein am Ort betoniertes Fussbett, wie es üblicherweise notwendig ist, entfallen, der verlängerte Zusatzstein 25 wird einfach in das Erdreich eingelegt.The additional stone 10 with the cross-sectional configuration, as shown in FIGS. 1 to 4, and in particular the building block 25 provided as a cover plate in FIG. 4, is also advantageously used as the base or foundation stone of a wall structure. The second leg 13 is inserted vertically into the ground and forms an anchor. The outer side of the first leg 12 facing away from this second leg 13 and thus the upper side with its projection 15 forms the support for the bottom row of foundation stones of the wall structure. This eliminates the need for a footbed concreted on site, as is usually necessary, and the extended additional stone 25 is simply inserted into the ground.

Andere Ausführungen des Basissteins lassen sich jeweils aus einem zunächst als Zwischenstein vorgesehenen Zusatzstein herstellen. Soll der Basisstein auf einer ebenen, beispielsweise zementierten Unterlagefläche aufliegen, ist zu seiner Herstellung vorgesehen, den 2. (vertikalen) Schenkel des Zusatzsteins abzutrennen, so dass die ursprünglich innere Seite des verbleibenden ersten Schenkels eine ebene Unterseite mit Ausnehmung 14 aufweist. Diese ebene Unterseite des Steins dient dann als Auflagefläche des Basissteins auf der Unterlage. In diesem Falle liegt dann also keine Verankerung des Basissteins im Untergrund vor.Other versions of the base stone can each be produced from an additional stone initially provided as an intermediate stone. If the base stone is to lie on a flat, for example cemented support surface, it is provided for its production that the second (vertical) leg of the additional stone is separated so that the originally inner side of the remaining first leg has a flat underside with recess 14. This flat underside of the stone then serves as a support surface for the base stone on the base. In this case there is no anchoring of the base stone in the underground.

Zur Verankerung der Mauer können Grundsteine 1 und Zusatzsteine 10 eines Mauerverbandes, wie sie in Fig. 8 gezeigt ist, in ihren nach aussen gewandten Seiten mit Dübeln 41, 38, 39, 35 und Schraubösen 42,47,40,36 od.dgl. versehen sein, die als Befestigungseinrichtung zum Eingriff eines Verankerungsseils 32 dienen, das mit seinem einen mit Haken 33 versehenen Ende in die an einem Grundstein 1 oder Zusatzstein 10 des Mauerverbands angeordnete Öse 42, 37, 40 eingreift und mit seinem anderen Ende anderswo festgelegt ist, beispielsweise in dem ankerartig, anderweitig fest eingehakten Zwischenstück 45, wie in Fig. 8 dargestellt ist.To anchor the wall, foundation stones 1 and additional stones 10 of a wall structure, as shown in FIG. 8, or the like in their outwardly facing sides with dowels 41, 38, 39, 35 and screw eyelets 42, 47, 40, 36. be provided, which serve as a fastening device for engaging an anchoring cable 32 which engages with its one end provided with a hook 33 in the eyelet 42, 37, 40 arranged on a foundation stone 1 or additional stone 10 of the wall structure and is fixed elsewhere with its other end, for example in the anchor-like, otherwise firmly hooked-in intermediate piece 45, as shown in FIG. 8.

Ferner ist auch eine gegenseitige Verankerung zweier paralleler mit Abstand zueinander angeordneter Mauerwände mittels zwischen diesen gespannter, diese verbindender Verankerungseinrichtungen vorgesehen. Diese Verankerungseinrichtungen sind dann an den zueinander gewandten Seiten der Mauern - analog wie in Fig. 8 gezeigt - festgelegt.Furthermore, mutual anchoring of two parallel wall walls arranged at a distance from one another is provided by means of anchoring devices which are tensioned between them and connect them. These anchoring devices are then fixed on the mutually facing sides of the walls - analogously as shown in FIG. 8.

Die in der vorstehenden Beschreibung, in der Zeichnung sowie in den Ansprüchen offenbarten Merkmale der Erfindung können sowohl einzeln als auch in geeigneten Kombinationen für die Verwirklichung der Erfindung in ihren verschiedenen Ausführungsformen wesentlich sein, wobei der Steinsatz insbesondere auch mit um 180° und zur Darstellung der Zeichnungen (insbesondere Fig. 2) gedrehter Anordnung eingesetzt werden kann. Darüber hinaus sind Eck- und Winkelsteine mit im wesentlichen gleichen Schnittausgestaltungen, wie sie beschrieben wurden, möglich.The features of the invention disclosed in the above description, in the drawing and in the claims can be essential both individually and in suitable combinations for realizing the invention in its various embodiments, the stone set in particular also by 180 ° and to illustrate the Drawings (in particular Fig. 2) rotated arrangement can be used. In addition, corner and angle stones are possible with essentially the same cut configurations as described.

Claims (24)

1. Set of stones for forming a substantially vertical wall bond with a foundation stone (1), particularly an artificial stone made from concrete or the like, having a basically L-shaped cross-sectional surface, with a first (horizontal) and a second (vertical) leg (2, 3), with at least two bearing surfaces (4, 7), whereof the first bearing surface (4) is located on the outside of the first (horizontal) leg (2) and the second bearing surface (7) is located on the free end of the second (vertical) leg (3), in that the bearing surfaces in each case have a recess (4) or a projection (7), which in the bond of the foundation stones in each case engage with a complementary recess of a bearing surface of a stone supported in the bond and in that the bearing surfaces on the foundation stone (1) are so positioned with respect to one another that in the case of foundation stones (1) supported on one another and oriented in the same direction a wall bond directed against the vertical obtained, characterized in that an addition stone (2), in the case of basically L-shaped cross-sectional surface, has a first (horizontal), and a second (vertical) leg (12, 13), which are at right angles to one another and whereof the first (horizontal) leg of the additional stone (10) has a first bearing surface (15) on its outside for engaging on said first bearing surface (4) of a foundation stone (1) and a second bearing surface (14) on its inside for engaging on said second bearing surface (7) of another foundation stone (1) and whereof the second (vertical) leg (13) of the additional stone (10) has a third bearing surface (18) on its free end for engaging on a bearing surface on the inside of the first (horizontal) leg (2) of the foundation stone (1) positioned below, the first and second bearing surfaces (15, 14) being arranged on the additional stone (10) in such a way that the foundation stones arranged in the bond below and above the additional stone are oriented in the same direction and are aligned with one another.
2. Set of stones according to claim 1, characterized in that the first bearing surface of the additional stone (10) is constructed as a projection (15) and the second bearing surface of the additional stone (10) as a recess (14).
3. Set of stones according to claim 1, characterized in that the first bearing surface of additional stone (10) is constructed as a recess and the second bearing surface of additional stone (10) as a projection.
4. Set of stones according to one of the preceding claims, characterized in that the outside (17) of the second (vertical) leg (13) of the additional stone (10) is constructed as a planar surface (17), which aligned in one plane with a planar end face (8) of the foundation stone (1) which is below in the bond and that which is above in the bond defining the free end of the first (horizontal) leg (2) of the foundation stone.
5. Set of stones according to one of the preceding claims, characterized in that the free end of the first (horizontal) leg (12) of the additional stone (10) is bounded by a planar surface (19), which is aligned with a surface (5) arranged on an adjacent foundation stone (1) on the outside of the second (vertical) leg (3) of foundation stone (1).
6. Set of stones according to claim 5, characterized in that the planar surface (5) on the outside of the second (vertical) leg (3) of the foundation stone (1) extends over the entire side of the second (vertical) leg (3).
7. Set of stones according to one of the preceding claims, characterized in that the second leg (13) of additional stone (10') has an opening passing through said leg (13).
8. Set of stones according to one of the preceding claims, characterized in that the additional stone (10) has the same length extension as the foundation stone (1).
9. Set of stones according to one of the claims 1 to 7, characterized in that the additional stone (25 to 31) is much longer than the foundation stone (1).
10. Set of stones according to one of the claims 1 to 7, characterized in that the additional stone (20) is shorter than the foundation stone (1).
11. Set of stones according to one of the preceding claims, characterized in that the additional stone (10) on the outside of its second leg (13) has a fixing device (37, 38) for receiving a fixing member (33) at the end of an anchoring device (32).
12. Set of stones according to one of the preceding claims, characterized in that the additional stone on the surface (19) bounding the free end of its first leg (12) has a fixing device (39, 40) for receiving a fixing member (33) at the end of an anchoring device (32).
13. Set of stones according to claims 11 or 12, characterized in that the anchoring device. has a flexible cable (32), e.g. a steel cable or the like, or a rigid strut made from steel or the like.
14. Set of stones according to one of the claims 11 to 13, characterized in that the fixing device has a hook with peg (41) and/or an eye ring (42, 37, 40, 36) with pegs (41, 38, 39, 35).
15. Set of stones according to one of the claims 11 to 14, characterized in that the fixing member has a hook (33) and/or an eye ring or the like.
16. Set of stones according to one of the claims 1 to 15, characterized in that a coping (25 to 31) is provided, which is provided on its bearing side with a bearing surface engaging in the second bearing surface (6, 7) of a foundation stone (1) arranged in the top row of the wall bond.
17. Set of stones according to claim 16, characterized in that the coping (25 to 31) in the case of a basically L-shaped cross-sectional surface has a first (horizontal) and a second (vertical) leg (26,28, 30) or (27, 29, 31), which are arranged at right angles to one another and whereof the first (horizontal) leg (26, 28, 30) carries the bearing surface on its inside.
18. Set of stones according to claims 16 or 17, characterized in that the second (vertical) leg (27, 29, 31) is bounded by a planar surface, which is mounted on a bearing surface on the inside of the second (vertical) leg (3) of the foundation stone (1 ).
19. Set of stones according to one of the claims 16, 18, characterized in that the outside of the first leg (26) of the coping and the outside of the second leg (27) of the coping are in each case constructed as planar surfaces.
20. Set of stones according to one of the claims 16 to 18, characterized in that the outside of the first leg (28) of the coping and the outside of the second leg (29) of the coping are in each case arranged in a common arcuate surface.
21. Set of stones according to one of the claims 1 to 20, characterized in that a base stone is provided on its upper support side with a bearing surface engaging in the first bearing surface (4) of the foundation stone (1) of the bottom row of stones of the wall bond.
22. Set of stones according to one of the preceding claims, characterized in that the facing side faces of legs (2, 3) of foundation stone (1) arcuately pass into one another.
23. Set of stones according to one of the preceding claims, characterized in that on the outer corner of the second leg (3) remote from the first leg (2) towards the adjacent bearing support (7) is formed a shoulder (5).
24. Set of stones according to one of the preceding claims, characterized in that the second bearing surface (6,7) constructed on the second leg (3) of foundation stone (1) is constructed so as to overhang the first leg (2).
EP83110449A 1983-10-20 1983-10-20 Set of stones for vertical composite walls Expired EP0139031B1 (en)

Priority Applications (6)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
DE8383110449T DE3374884D1 (en) 1983-10-20 1983-10-20 Set of stones for vertical composite walls
AT83110449T ATE31337T1 (en) 1983-10-20 1983-10-20 STONE SET FOR VERTICAL WALL BONDING.
EP83110449A EP0139031B1 (en) 1983-10-20 1983-10-20 Set of stones for vertical composite walls
US06/659,407 US4596103A (en) 1983-10-20 1984-10-10 Stone set for vertical wall assemblies
JP59218774A JPS60173240A (en) 1983-10-20 1984-10-19 Stone set for forming woody vertical wall connector
CA000465845A CA1225246A (en) 1983-10-20 1984-10-19 Stone set for vertical wall assemblies

Applications Claiming Priority (1)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
EP83110449A EP0139031B1 (en) 1983-10-20 1983-10-20 Set of stones for vertical composite walls

Publications (2)

Publication Number Publication Date
EP0139031A1 EP0139031A1 (en) 1985-05-02
EP0139031B1 true EP0139031B1 (en) 1987-12-09

Family

ID=8190764

Family Applications (1)

Application Number Title Priority Date Filing Date
EP83110449A Expired EP0139031B1 (en) 1983-10-20 1983-10-20 Set of stones for vertical composite walls

Country Status (6)

Country Link
US (1) US4596103A (en)
EP (1) EP0139031B1 (en)
JP (1) JPS60173240A (en)
AT (1) ATE31337T1 (en)
CA (1) CA1225246A (en)
DE (1) DE3374884D1 (en)

Families Citing this family (4)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US4860505A (en) * 1988-05-26 1989-08-29 Bender David C Construction block
US5765970A (en) * 1996-06-17 1998-06-16 Fox; James C. Plastic retaining wall construction
DE10154369A1 (en) * 2001-11-06 2003-05-22 Kuebler Hanns H Plantable, soundproofing forms
WO2011144764A2 (en) * 2010-05-21 2011-11-24 Medina Guillen Juan Carlos Wall construction system

Family Cites Families (5)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US1687342A (en) * 1926-05-12 1928-10-09 Macveigh John Gerald Building tile
DE971377C (en) * 1951-12-30 1959-01-15 Wilhelm Steinhage Multi-layer wall and building blocks for this
EP0059820B1 (en) * 1981-03-10 1984-05-16 Rolf Scheiwiller Assembly of blocks for constructing walls
US4426176A (en) * 1981-08-10 1984-01-17 Tokuyama Soda Co., Ltd. L-Shaped concrete block and method for constructing a retaining wall by such L-shaped concrete blocks
DE3138155A1 (en) * 1981-09-25 1983-04-14 Couwenbergs, Paul, Dr., 7500 Karlsruhe Block, in particular artificial block

Also Published As

Publication number Publication date
JPH0451619B2 (en) 1992-08-19
DE3374884D1 (en) 1988-01-21
JPS60173240A (en) 1985-09-06
EP0139031A1 (en) 1985-05-02
US4596103A (en) 1986-06-24
ATE31337T1 (en) 1987-12-15
CA1225246A (en) 1987-08-11

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