EP0469008B1 - A wall - Google Patents

Abstract

The wall (10) for steep slopes consists of troughed components (12), the side walls (22.1, 22.2) of which have vertical engagement grooves (30.1, 30.2) into which the engagement pins (33) of separately manufactured surrounding beams (14) are introduced. Around the beams (14) are wrapped mineral fabric webs (15) pulled out fairly horizontally at the rear into the earth. Other troughed components (12.2) are placed on the side walls (22.1, 22.2) of troughed components (12.1) arranged in the space between intermediate regions (24). Ground beams (16) may be inserted beneath them at the rear. Upper closing beams (17) may be fitted with earth support flanges (69).

Description

The invention relates to a wall made of reinforced concrete prefabricated parts with anchoring on the back with the aid of rotting-resistant geotextile webs designed as soft-flexible holding sheets, which are connected to the precast concrete parts by wrapping.

Such walls are required if you have to fill up larger areas of soil and, for reasons of space, require a very steep boundary that no longer corresponds to the angles of repose of the earth material. This is often the case with residential and commercial properties, in which peripheral areas of property are later filled. For such purposes, small retaining walls are usually built from trough elements. A solution according to DE-A1 35 30 049 shows trough elements designed in a certain way, which is anchored in the soil compacted behind the slope stone by a geotextile sheet laid around the rear wall. This solution, which was previously only used for small heights, small forces and small structures, does not meet the needs that are required, for example, when building traffic routes and high, distributed embankments. If you want to build a broader road on an existing embankment with a common embankment without further land consumption, you can make the embankments correspondingly steeper by installing soft, flexible holding tracks, which are referred to as geotextile tracks. The layers of earth between the individual layers of the geotextile must be secured against slipping. For this purpose, it has already been proposed (DE-A1 35 32 641) to fold a geotestilbahn in its front end region and thereby form bulk material cells. With these bulk material cells, all kinds of stems can be connected to precast concrete parts. Such solutions are for large-scale use in Verkenrswegebau has not been used for many reasons, because they also require considerable effort in processing, especially since the bulk material cells can only be manufactured with very careful manual labor. In addition, when using earth material for the formation of the outer beads of an upholstery wall wrapped with geotextile webs or when using this construction for connection to pre-cast concrete parts during installation and, above all, in the long term by recompaction or repositioning, larger movements in the horizontal and vertical directions are to be expected, which have a negative impact on the routes - rail or road. Solutions with non-dimensionally stable components do not meet today's needs in traffic route construction, especially when widening existing road embankments, where the existing embankment foot must not change and the planting of the embankment area in front of the distributed embankment area should also be preserved.

The invention has for its object to propose a construction for support structures that meet the needs in the construction of traffic routes even at great heights and high loads from earth pressure and traffic loads, with a good compression of the bulk material should be made possible in order to largely settle later to exclude.

• die die Frontseite bildenden Betonfertigteile sind als einstückige, nach hinten und oben wenigstens teilweise, offene Trogelemente ausgebildet;
• die Seitenwände der Trogelemente haben innen nach oben offene Einhangenuten;
• je Trogelement ist wenigstens ein horizontal, parallel zur Vorderwand liegender, mit seinen Enden in die Einhängenuten eingreifender, als armierter Betonbalken ausgebildeter Umschlingungsbalken vorgesehen;
• nur die Umschlingungsbalken werden von den Geotextilbahnen umschlungen;
• die Öffnungen von Oberseite und Rückseite der Trogelemente erstrecken sich mindestens im Einführbereich des Umschlingungsbalkens und im Ausführbereich der Geotextilbahn .

According to the invention, the following features are provided:

• the precast concrete parts forming the front are designed as one-piece trough elements which are at least partially open to the rear and upwards;
• the side walls of the trough elements have hanging grooves that are open on the inside;
• For each trough element there is at least one looping beam, which is horizontal and parallel to the front wall and engages with its ends in the hanging grooves and is designed as a reinforced concrete beam;
• only the wrapping bars are wrapped in the geotextile;
• The openings from the top and rear of the trough elements extend at least in the insertion area of the loop beam and in the exit area of the geotextile.

The division of the essential wall components into two separate, easily assembled prefabricated concrete parts and the wrapping of an initially loose concrete beam with the respective geotextile membrane result in great advantages over ring-shaped elements. The large trough elements, which are open in wide areas, can be easily formworked and stripped and concreted and have great stability even in longer lengths of more than 2.50 m, so that they can be transported, easily moved, aligned and with those that are attached, preferably with the geotextile webs, provided wrapping beams are dimensionally stable to be connected. The wrapping beam can be given the shapes suitable for hanging and embedding the geotextile according to the respective needs. When moving, you can insert the fill at the bottom underneath the beams and compact them perfectly without the trough elements and wrapping beams moving, so that the geotextile sheet can then be inserted, spread and tensioned properly and then the other layers of the earth fill without damaging the geotextile sheets to be able to apply, install and compact, the loop beam and possibly other components in turn serving as stops for delimiting the next layer of earth.
The geotextile webs can be led straight out without having to be deflected at sharp edges. This can significantly reduce the risk of damage and the support surfaces of the geotextile webs can be properly compacted beforehand in order to largely rule out subsequent settlement.

The openings in the back and top allow the wrapping beams and geotextile sheets to be inserted correctly, which can already be pulled onto the drawbar by the concrete plant.

Areas with a trough element and wrap bar expediently switch to adjacent areas without this design, but into the rear after an advantageous further development of the invention Earth beams can be inserted so that great heights are available for the installation of the bulk material without interruption by inserted geotextile webs. The front area of the trough can be filled with humus-rich top-layer material, which is poured loose and offers optimal conditions for later permanent greening. By inserting separate beams, you can position the beams at favorable places in the trough without this causing any difficulties during production and so you can create relatively light trough elements for the large-scale conditions that still meet all stability requirements.

The front wall and side walls as well as the bottom wall can be designed in accordance with the stability requirements and the accommodation of the desired floor material with different inclinations and lengths according to the dependent claims.

If you form the wrap-around beam in cross-section approximately triangular with rounded edges, you can form a hem flap on the geotextile at the front and still get kink-free discharge of the geotextile on one level, which is particularly well suited to the processing and strength of the entire structure, because one not at a distance corresponding to the height of the bar to a lower one Geotextile needs to secure the upper loop part in the bulk material. This avoids small dumping heights and the use of only small-grained, narrowly graded earth material, as is necessary for geotextile sheets laid at a short distance. It is particularly advantageous if the cross-section of the wrapping bars is formed as a right-angled triangle with a long catheter lying approximately at the level of the inner surface of the bottom wall of the trough element, because then the layers of bulk material to be compacted are supported on the bottom walls of the trough elements and the geotextile webs are directly above them as far as possible can be spread.

If, according to a further advantageous embodiment of the invention, preferably in recesses in the rear upper corners, side walls of the trough elements are inserted through the intermediate areas immediately below the bottom walls of the trough elements to be placed above them, a high rear boundary is created, at which the material to be compacted Bulk material is supported in such a way that the slope runs favorably up to the front upper edge of the next lower loop beam.

Further details, advantages, features and aspects of the invention are also dealt with in the further claims and the subsequent description part, which is dealt with on the basis of the drawings.

An embodiment of the invention is explained below with reference to the drawings.

Fig. 1

Eine teilweise schematisierte Schrägansicht von Teilbereichen einer aus Betonfertigteilen gebildeten, mit Geotextilbahnen rückverankerte Mauer, wobei das Erdmaterial nicht dargestellt ist, im unteren Bereich zwei Felder vollständig und die beiden angrenzenden Felder teilweise dargestellt sind, der Bereich zu höher liegenden Betonfertigteilen der Übersichtlichkeit halber weggelassen ist und im oberen Teil die Betonfertigteile für ein oberes Ende der Mauer dargestellt sind.

Fig. 2

einen Vertikalschnitt durch die Mauer längs der Linie 2-2 in den Fig. 3 und 4

Fig. 3

die Vorderansicht eines Teilbereiches einer Mauer
und

Fig. 4

die Draufsicht auf den Teilbereich der Mauer nach Fig. 3.

Show it:

Fig. 1

A partially schematic oblique view of partial areas of a wall formed from prefabricated concrete parts, anchored back with geotextile membranes, whereby the earth material is not shown, two fields are shown completely in the lower area and the two adjacent fields are partially shown, the area to higher lying concrete parts is omitted for the sake of clarity and in the upper part the precast concrete parts for an upper end of the wall are shown.

Fig. 2

a vertical section through the wall along the line 2-2 in Figs. 3 and 4

Fig. 3

the front view of a portion of a wall
and

Fig. 4

the top view of the portion of the wall of FIG. 3rd

The structure of the wall can be seen in particular from FIGS. 1 and 2, only the supporting and supporting parts without the soil, the compacted bulk materials and the planting materials being shown here.

Such a wall 10 is erected on foundations 11 made in the usual way at the bottom and is filled in layers with the earth material. Trough elements 12, wrap bars 14, geotextile sheets 15, earth bars 16 and end bars 17 are used.

The trough elements 12 have a bottom wall 20, a front wall 21 which is inclined outward at the front, a left side wall 22.1 and a right side wall 22.2. They have a length 23. The foundations 11 need only be introduced into the ground with a length corresponding to the length 23 of the individual trough elements 12 and a sufficient depth, because the intermediate regions 24 - as can be seen particularly well from FIG. 1 - also Earth material are filled and the contact of the earth material with the grown soil also remains directly in front.

The bottom wall 20 has a depth 25 which is some that, for example approximately 0.8 m, if the length 23 is approximately 3 m. The height 26 of the side walls, calculated from the base and support surface 27 of the trough element 12, is advantageously approximately 0.60 m.

The trough elements are manufactured as one-piece precast concrete parts with steel reinforcement and are shaped in a way that is easy to cast and demold in easy-to-use molds. An angle 28 is formed between the bottom wall 20 and the front wall 12, which is approximately 100 °, which is useful for accommodating sufficient potting soil and favorable planting as well as a suitable inclination of the plant soil and a favorable front view. The side walls 22.1 and 22.2 are integrally connected to the front wall 21 and the bottom wall 20, so that there is a stable, torsion-resistant trough. The side walls have a thickness 31, which results in the front and middle area from the loads occurring and in the rear area from the size of the required bends between the individual components of the wall 10 when the individual trough elements 12 are set up polygonally according to the curvature of the traffic route .

As can be seen, the side walls 22.1 and 22.2 each have an upwardly open hook-in groove 30.1 and 30.2. These are - as can be seen in particular from FIG. 2 - approximately in the middle of the bottom wall 20 and have a width 32 which corresponds to the thickness of the suspension pin 33 of the loop beam 14. They are embedded at right angles to the bottom wall 20 and to the inner surfaces 34 of the side wall 22.1 or 22.2, the depth 35 being dimensioned such that the contact surface areas where the forces between the wrapping beam 14 and the trough walls support each other do not break out under all occurring loads. The side walls 22.1 and 22.2 are each provided with a bevel 38 in their front area from the upper support surface 36 to the upper edge 37 of the front wall 12, which corresponds approximately to the course of the surface of the planting soil. The side walls 22.1 and 22.2 are each provided in the region of their rear upper corner 39 with an insertion recess 40 which has a support surface 41 of width 42 and a front support surface 43 of height 44 and which in the exemplary embodiment is at right angles with a horizontal support surface 41 and vertical support surface 43 is designed. As can be seen from the figures, the earth bars 16 are loosely inserted into these insertion recesses 40.

The wrap bar 14 has an overall length 46, which corresponds to the inner spacing of the groove base walls 49 of the hanging grooves 30.1 and 30.2. It has a profile 50 in the shape of an approximately right-angled triangle over the part of the cross section lying between the inner surfaces 34 of the side walls 22.1 and 22.2, the long catheter 52 lying approximately horizontally, the short catheter 53 vertically and the hypotenuse 54 obliquely. The corners of the triangle or the edges of the wrap bar 14 are rounded off with radii 55. The design is such that, owing to the design of the hanging grooves 30.1 and 30.2 with a groove bottom 56 at a short distance from the inner surface 57 of the bottom wall 20 of the wrap bar 14 lies at a short distance of a few mm above the inner surface 57. At its two ends it has the mounting pins 33, the width of which corresponds to the width 32 of the mounting grooves 30.1 and 30.2 with a corresponding mounting play, so that the rear vertical contact surfaces 60 lie well against the wall walls 61 and can transmit the holding forces.

As can be seen from the drawings, the wrapping bars 14 are wrapped in the geotextile webs 15. In this case, two geotextile web strips 15.1 are expediently used for each wrap bar 14. These are equipped with front hem tabs 65 for the wrap bar 14. The hem flap 65 can be formed by a seam 67 or by double laying.

The earth beam 16 is formed as a rectangular prismatic reinforced concrete beam with approximately the cross-sectional dimensions of the insertion recess 40, as shown in the drawings. The end bar 17 fits into the same insertion recesses 40, but has a small horizontal leg 68 and a front earth support leg 69 as the bottom wall.

The installation of the precast concrete elements and the construction of the wall proceed as follows.

When the foundations 11 are cast and hardened with the appropriate size, distance and course in the terrain, the lowest trough elements 12.1 are placed on them without teeth. The trough elements 12 already contain the inserted wrapping beams 14 from the manufacture. The wrapping beams 14 are expediently already provided with the geotextile webs 15. As can be seen from FIG. 1 above, these can be formed in the form of two individual geotextile web strips 15.1 lying next to one another. They are guided around the respective wrapping bar 14 and either sewn in the seam 67 or loosely laid around and expediently lie in the trough element 12. If some of the lowermost trough elements 12.1 are laid next to one another with the spacing of the intermediate areas 24 such that a further trough element is above the intermediate area 24 12.2 can be placed on the support surfaces 36 of the side walls 22.1 and 22.2 at a distance from each other trough elements 12, the first layer of the bulk material to be compressed is filled up to the level of the inner surfaces 57 of the base walls 20 and compressed. Then the geotextile webs 15, which have a sufficient length for anchoring, are laid out on this first compacted bulk material layer and accordingly secured against displacement, for example with nails. In this case, the upper part 15.2 of the geotextile web can also immediately be designed to be smooth, because the wrap bar 14 is a corner with a rear edge with rounded edges has triangular profile. Now the earth beams 16 are inserted from side wall 22.2 to side wall 22.1 of adjacent trough elements 12 into the insertion recesses 40 and the trough elements 12.2 to be placed over them are placed, as can be seen from FIG. 1. Now the bulk material to be compacted can optionally be introduced and compacted in one layer on the geotextile webs 15, 15.1 and 15.2 up to the height of the inner surfaces 57 of the bottom walls 20 of the trough elements 12.2 located further up. Bulk materials with coarse constituents can also be used, and only bulk materials with finer grains need to be introduced in the area of the geotextile webs. It is compacted accordingly, the bulk material being able to be supported perfectly on the wrapping beams 14 of the one field and the earth beam 16 of the other fields, which is only slightly higher, but somewhat offset to the rear, and the back surfaces 62 of the bottom walls 20 of the upper trough element 12.2 during compaction . A slope angle is automatically established, which is formed by the connecting line 70 between the front upper edge of the wrapping beam 14 below and the rear lower edge of the overlying earth beam 16, and corresponds to the natural slope angle of the compacted bulk materials usually used, without having to move forward essential components emerge into the planting area 71 of compacted soil materials. If the corresponding horizontal layer is sufficiently compacted, the Geotextile webs 15 of the next floor can be spread out, secured and covered without difficulty in the manner described above. Thus, the construction of the wall 10 can be carried out quickly without threading the geotextile webs through any slits in the rear walls of components or wraps around solid partial walls of troughs and without introducing bulk material into the receiving spaces of geotextile webs. The wall 10 is secured by the geotextile webs 15 against forward evasion, with slight displacements of the support areas being possible. Likewise, minor subsidence of the foundations does not in any way impair the stability of the wall construction. The wall 10 can follow the usual curves according to sensibly laid polygonal trains, since it is built up from many individual precast concrete parts, although these can be of relatively large dimensions, the rear widening of the side walls Adequate support of the higher troughs is guaranteed for all occurring bends. The components are easy to manufacture, easy to transport and move, and ensure the permanent construction of steep walls and thus steep slope protection.

In summary, the invention can also be described as follows:

The wall (10) for steep embankments consists of trough elements (12), the side walls (22.1, 22.2) of which have vertical hook-in grooves (30.1, 30.2) into which the hook-in pins (33) of separately manufactured wrap-around beams (14) are inserted. Geotextile webs (15) are placed around the wrapping beam (14) and are led out approximately horizontally into the ground towards the rear. Further trough elements (12.2) are placed on each of the side walls (22.1, 22.2) of trough elements (12.1) spaced apart from intermediate regions (24). Earth beams (16) can be inserted under these at the rear. Upper end beams (17) can have earth support legs (69).

Reference symbol list:

Claims (12)

1. A wall comprising pre-assembled units made of reinforced concrete with rear anchorage by means of rot-proof mineral fabric webs (15), formed as soft flexible retaining webs, connected to the pre-assembled concrete units by wrapping around the same, characterised by the following features:

   - the pre-assembled concrete units forming the front surface are formed as single-part troughed components (12) at least partially open to the rear and above;

   - the side walls (22.1, 22.2) of the troughed components (12) have engagement grooves (30.1, 30.2) open upwards on the interior;

   - each troughed component (12) is provided with at least one wrapping beam (14), positioned horizontally and parallel to the front wall (21), and engaging with its ends (33) in the engagement grooves (30.1, 30.2) and formed as a reinforced concrete beam;

   - only the wrapping beams (14) are wrapped in the mineral fabric webs (15);

   - the openings on the upper surface and the rear surface of the troughed components (12) extend at least into the region of insertion of the wrapping beam (14) and the region of delivery of the mineral fabric web (15).
2. A wall in accordance with claim 1, characterised in that the wrapping beam (14), in cross-section, is of a triangular profile (50) with rounded edges (55).
3. A wall in accordance with claim 2, characterised in that the cross-section (50) is an approximately right-angled triangle with a cathetus (52) at the bottom extending approximately horizontally, and the wrapping beam (14) is situated above the interior surface (57) of the base wall (20) of the troughed component (12), only by the clearance (56/57) required for the mineral fabric web (15).
4. A wall in accordance with at least one of the other claims, characterised in that the wrapping beam (14) has engagement pins (33) at its ends, with rear vertical bearing surfaces (60).
5. A wall in accordance with at least one of the other claims, characterised in that separately manufactured ground beams (16) are inserted between the side walls (22.1, 22.2) of spaced troughed components (12).
6. A wall in accordance with one of the preceding claims, characterised in that the ground beams (16) are formed as rectangular prisms and the side walls (22.1, 22.2) of the troughed components (12) have insertion recesses (40) in the rear upper corners (39), the size of the recesses corresponding approximately to the cross-section of the ground beams (16).
7. A wall in accordance with at least one of the other claims, characterised in that the troughed components (12) have level base walls (20) and substantially vertically standing integrally moulded side walls (22.1, 22.2) and also front walls (21) angled upwards at the front towards the exterior.
8. A wall in accordance with at least one of the other claims, characterised in that the side walls (22.1, 22.2) of the troughed components (12) are formed so as to be broader at the rear than at the front.
9. A wall in accordance with at least one of the other claims, characterised in that the base walls (20) of the troughed components (12) extend at least over a part of the depth (25) of the side walls (22.1, 22.2).
10. A wall in accordance with at least one of the other claims, characterised in that the base walls (20) extend over the entire depth (25) of the side walls (22.1, 22.2).
11. A wall in accordance with at least one of the other claims, characterised in that the mineral fabric web (15) has a pre-manufactured edge strap (65) surrounding the wrapping beam (14).
12. A wall in accordance with at least one of the other claims, characterised in that the uppermost ground beams are formed as closing beams (17) in such a manner that they each have a short base wall part, as a horizontal arm (68), positioned above the side walls (22.1, 22.2 ) of the troughed components (12), and an earth support flange (69) projecting at an angle upwards at the front towards the exterior.

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