EP0131502B1 - Echangeurs de chaleur moulés en matière réfractaire - Google Patents

Echangeurs de chaleur moulés en matière réfractaire Download PDF

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Publication number
EP0131502B1
EP0131502B1 EP84401324A EP84401324A EP0131502B1 EP 0131502 B1 EP0131502 B1 EP 0131502B1 EP 84401324 A EP84401324 A EP 84401324A EP 84401324 A EP84401324 A EP 84401324A EP 0131502 B1 EP0131502 B1 EP 0131502B1
Authority
EP
European Patent Office
Prior art keywords
channels
refractory material
heat exchanger
fluid
tubes
Prior art date
Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
Expired
Application number
EP84401324A
Other languages
German (de)
English (en)
French (fr)
Other versions
EP0131502A1 (fr
Inventor
Serge Rogier
Jacques Guigonis
Current Assignee (The listed assignees may be inaccurate. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation or warranty as to the accuracy of the list.)
Societe Europeenne des Produits Refractaires SAS
Original Assignee
Societe Europeenne des Produits Refractaires SAS
Priority date (The priority date is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the date listed.)
Filing date
Publication date
Application filed by Societe Europeenne des Produits Refractaires SAS filed Critical Societe Europeenne des Produits Refractaires SAS
Publication of EP0131502A1 publication Critical patent/EP0131502A1/fr
Application granted granted Critical
Publication of EP0131502B1 publication Critical patent/EP0131502B1/fr
Expired legal-status Critical Current

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Classifications

    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F28—HEAT EXCHANGE IN GENERAL
    • F28F—DETAILS OF HEAT-EXCHANGE AND HEAT-TRANSFER APPARATUS, OF GENERAL APPLICATION
    • F28F21/00—Constructions of heat-exchange apparatus characterised by the selection of particular materials
    • F28F21/04—Constructions of heat-exchange apparatus characterised by the selection of particular materials of ceramic; of concrete; of natural stone
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F28—HEAT EXCHANGE IN GENERAL
    • F28F—DETAILS OF HEAT-EXCHANGE AND HEAT-TRANSFER APPARATUS, OF GENERAL APPLICATION
    • F28F7/00—Elements not covered by group F28F1/00, F28F3/00 or F28F5/00
    • F28F7/02—Blocks traversed by passages for heat-exchange media
    • Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y10—TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC
    • Y10S—TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y10S165/00—Heat exchange
    • Y10S165/355—Heat exchange having separate flow passage for two distinct fluids
    • Y10S165/395—Monolithic core having flow passages for two different fluids, e.g. one- piece ceramic
    • Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y10—TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC
    • Y10S—TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y10S165/00—Heat exchange
    • Y10S165/905—Materials of manufacture

Definitions

  • the invention relates to heat exchangers molded from refractory material.
  • Ceramic heat exchangers are already known which are suitable for use at high temperatures.
  • GB-A-766 668 describes the manufacture of relatively small size monolithic heat exchangers with straight rectilinear channels, by pressing and sintering alumina powder at high temperature. Several exchangers thus obtained can be assembled to form a larger exchanger, which will obviously be non-monolithic. The manufacturing process described uses solid inserts (rods) which can be removed for the formation of the exchanger channels.
  • US-A-4156625 describes a heat recuperator in refractory material consisting of a monolithic central block comprising rectilinear crossed channels, flanked by two end blocks in which are formed cavities ensuring the connection of some of the channels of the central block between them.
  • the different constituent parts of the exchanger can be produced by casting in a mold.
  • Some of the channels of the central block have a flared shape to facilitate the release of the central block.
  • the heat exchangers of refractory ceramic material of the prior art are exchangers whose efficiency from the point of view of heat exchanges is only average due to the cross configuration of the channels.
  • the invention aims to provide monolithic heat exchangers whose channels are parallel to each other over a major part of their length and which can be produced in large sizes.
  • the invention relates to a heat exchanger essentially consisting of a monolithic body, molded from refractory material based on at least one metal oxide, this body comprising a plurality of first tubular continuous channels for a first fluid to be heated and a plurality of second continuous tubular channels for a second fluid to be cooled, these channels being in mutual heat exchange relationship; the first channels each having a first end intended to be connected to an inlet of said first fluid and a second end intended to be connected to an outlet of said first fluid, the second channels each having a first end intended to be connected to an inlet of said second fluid and a second end intended to be connected to an outlet of said second fluid, characterized in that:
  • the first and second channels extend parallel to each other over a major part of their length, the channels of at least one of the two groups are bent, and the body is a body, made of a refractory material making taken at room temperature and exhibiting a shrinkage of less than 0.5%.
  • the invention lends itself particularly well to the manufacture of large exchangers whose body has a mass greater than 500 kg.
  • Any refractory composition having low shrinkage (less than 0.5%) and good flowability and giving, after setting or ceramization, a refractory material having good resistance to resistance properties, can be used for molding the exchanger. abrasion and chemical agents as well as low permeability, that is to say less than 5 nanoperms.
  • component (ii) is a superaluminous cement and component (iii) consists of vitreous silica.
  • This refractory material has the distinction of having a very low shrinkage (less than 0.1%) when taken. This property makes it possible to obtain complex structures with high geometric precision and to introduce into the mass networks of hollow channels of organic material without the appearance of cracks between these networks which would put the fluid channels to be heated into communication with the channels of fluid to cool.
  • This refractory material has a low permeability to gases and liquids even under pressure, which is less than 1 nanoperm and in general of the order of 0.3 nanoperm.
  • the preferred refractory material used to manufacture the heat exchangers of the invention is implemented like a concrete by mixing it intimately before use with an amount of water between 3 and 25%, preferably between 4 and 10% by weight, and with 0.01 to 1% of a surface-active dispersing agent relative to the total weight of the ingredients (i) to (iii).
  • the channels of the first network and those of the second network open onto different faces of the body of the exchanger.
  • the refractory material further comprises reinforcing fibers, preferably made of short stainless steel.
  • reinforcing fibers preferably made of short stainless steel.
  • the ends of these protruding inserts of the formwork or mold can be fixed through openings of corresponding shape provided in the walls of said formwork or mold, and / or hold them in place by a set of sieves, in particular by stainless steel wires connected to the formwork and having a mesh corresponding to the diameter of the tube.
  • a set of sieves in particular by stainless steel wires connected to the formwork and having a mesh corresponding to the diameter of the tube.
  • the various steel wire screens used remain in the mass of the refractory.
  • polyvinyl chloride tubes or profiles are used (abbreviated as P.V.C.).
  • P.V.C. polyvinyl chloride tubes or profiles
  • sleeves and elbows making it possible to produce any desired bends, are readily available commercially.
  • After baking, such tubes or profiles leave a perfectly smooth imprint.
  • vibrations can be used. This can be obtained, for example, by sending compressed air at low frequency into a few suitably chosen tubes or profiles or by using a vibrating table or suitable vibrators of the pneumatic or electric vibrator or vibrating needle type.
  • the ceramization has been carried out and the body has cooled, the latter can be insulated and possibly protected by an envelope.
  • the exchangers of the invention have numerous advantages over conventional devices, such as great resistance to aggressive chemical agents, such as chlorine, sulfuric anhydride, strong acids, strong bases, silicates and oxides of metals, etc. Their high hardness also gives them excellent resistance to erosion by gases circulating at high speed and loaded with abrasive ash. This high hardness makes it possible to circulate the fluids at high speeds, at least twice higher than those admissible in conventional steel tube exchangers, which ensures a good coefficient of heat exchange between the fluids and the walls of the body. and advantageously compensates for the lower thermal conductivity of the ceramic material relative to the metal, so that the exchange surfaces to be provided for the same heat exchange power are equal or less.
  • the high refractoriness of the refractory material and the large thermal inertia of the body allow the use of the exchangers of the invention at gas temperatures which can reach 1500 ° C. under variable conditions without risk of cracking under the action of thermomechanical stresses. ques.
  • the exchanger can be manufactured on the site of use. Also, it is possible to vary the composition of the refractory material during the casting operation so that the body has zones of different compositions best suited to the working conditions to which they will be exposed in service.
  • FIG. 1 is a schematic perspective view illustrating the manufacture of a heat exchanger body according to the invention.
  • FIG. 2 is a view in axial longitudinal section of a heat exchanger according to the invention intended to be used with an industrial waste incinerator.
  • This example illustrates the production of a monolithic exchanger body with separate fluids according to the invention of dimensions 1 m ⁇ 1 m ⁇ 1 m.
  • the upper part of the mold is flared and two passages 7 have been made there through which the refractory material will be poured into the mold.
  • the whole mold-networks of PVC tubes is placed on a vibrating table (not shown) and the refractory composition of the type described in European patent 0 021 is poured into the mold through the passages 7. 936 and sold commercially under the trademark ERSOL O by the Applicant.
  • This refractory material comprises by weight, 91 parts of grains melted and poured from a refractory material composed of 50.6% of Al 2 O 3, 32.5% of ZrO z , 15.7% of Si0 2 , 1, 1% Na 2 0, 0.1% Fe 2 0 3 , and 0.1% Ti0 2 (product n ° 1 of table 1 of the European patent 0 021 936 mentioned above).
  • the pouring is stopped when the material level reaches a few centimeters above the desired level (1 meter in the example) and continues to vibrate until densification of the product.
  • the body is then subjected to a heat treatment comprising a drying step at a temperature in the range of 100-150 ° C, a steaming step used to remove the PVC tubes (generally by progressive heating up to 400 ° C approximately) and finally a high temperature ceramization step (generally in the range of 800-1200 ° C approximately). Finally, it is allowed to cool to room temperature.
  • This example describes the production on the site of use of a heat exchanger, according to the invention, for an industrial waste incinerator, in which it is a question of recovering approximately 1,000,000 Kcal / hour by heating the incoming air to 28 ° C approximately to approximately 650 ° C by means of hot fumes arriving at approximately 950 ° C and leaving at approximately 250 ° C.
  • the body 21 of the exchanger comprises 360 channels 22 intended to be traversed by the flue gases and 360 channels 23 intended to be traversed by the air, all with a diameter of 2.5 cm.
  • the channels 22 are rectilinear and extend from the base to the top of the body, while the channels 23 are bent at 90 °, in opposite directions, at each of their ends so as to extend parallel to the channels 22 on the most of their length but leading to the perimeter of the body, at 24 and 25 as illustrated in Figure 2.
  • the exchange surface is around 198 M 2.
  • the body which has a diameter of 1.1 m and a height of 7 meters, is molded in the space of a few hours on site by casting about 15 tonnes of the material described in Example 1 (with fibers) in formwork of appropriate shape. After formwork removal, apply to the body a layer 26 of insulating cellular concrete with a thickness of approximately 100 mm, a metal casing 27 made of sheet steel 10 mm thick, and finally a mattress 28 of rock wool with a thickness of 20 mm.
  • Metal flanges, such as 29, are provided around the areas where the channels open in order to facilitate the connection of the fluid inlets and outlets. Obviously, only one layer of insulation can be used, either in the form of concrete or in the form of fibers.
  • the refractory mixture is poured in sections of 850 mm in height using removable chutes which facilitate the operation.
  • the formwork made up of two semi-cylindrical shells is placed section after section by sliding it inside the support frame.
  • the heat treatment for removing PVC tubes and ceramization is carried out using hot fumes available on site or burners.
  • the labor required to set up the formwork and the positioning of the tubes on the site is around 60 hours.
  • the heat exchange coefficient is 45 Kcal / h ⁇ m 2 ⁇ ° C.
  • the equivalent solution of steel tubes weighs 20 tonnes and consists of an exchanger comprising 121 tubes with a diameter of 8 cm and has an exchange surface of 214 m 2 .
  • Its exchange coefficient is 20 Kcal / h ⁇ m 2. ° C for gas speeds of 2 Nm / s.
  • the pressure drops of fluid to be heated are twice as great.
  • Such an exchanger requires approximately 400 hours of welding and assembly.
  • the invention therefore applies universally to all types of low and high temperature exchangers and makes it possible to solve here times the problems of tightness between the channels, refractoriness, good heat exchange, resistance to erosion and corrosion by various aggressive fluids or loaded with aggressive agents.
  • This example describes the production on the site of use of a heat exchanger operating at high temperature for a pushing furnace from the steel industry, in which it is a question of reheating the incoming air at about 27 ° C to 670 °. C approximately by means of hot fumes arriving at approximately 800 ° C and leaving at approximately 400 ° C.
  • a refractory material such as that of Example 1 (with steel fibers) is poured onto the site into a formwork of 1.3 x 1.3 x 10 m furnished with a network of 625 tubes (25 x 25) with an outside diameter of 6cm in order to obtain an exchange surface of the order of 1000 m 2 .
  • 313 of these tubes are straight and are intended to form the smoke channels, while the other 312 tubes, intended to form the air channels, are bent at 90 °, in opposite directions, at each of their ends so as to extend parallel to the first 313 tubes over most of their length, but lead to the periphery of the body, in a similar manner to what was described in example 3 with reference to FIG. 2.

Landscapes

  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
  • Thermal Sciences (AREA)
  • Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
  • General Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Ceramic Engineering (AREA)
  • Heat-Exchange Devices With Radiators And Conduit Assemblies (AREA)
  • Compositions Of Oxide Ceramics (AREA)
EP84401324A 1983-07-11 1984-06-25 Echangeurs de chaleur moulés en matière réfractaire Expired EP0131502B1 (fr)

Applications Claiming Priority (2)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
FR8311495 1983-07-11
FR8311495A FR2549215B1 (fr) 1983-07-11 1983-07-11 Echangeurs de chaleur moules en matiere refractaire

Publications (2)

Publication Number Publication Date
EP0131502A1 EP0131502A1 (fr) 1985-01-16
EP0131502B1 true EP0131502B1 (fr) 1988-01-27

Family

ID=9290699

Family Applications (1)

Application Number Title Priority Date Filing Date
EP84401324A Expired EP0131502B1 (fr) 1983-07-11 1984-06-25 Echangeurs de chaleur moulés en matière réfractaire

Country Status (6)

Country Link
US (2) US4711298A (enrdf_load_html_response)
EP (1) EP0131502B1 (enrdf_load_html_response)
JP (1) JPS6038591A (enrdf_load_html_response)
DE (1) DE3469058D1 (enrdf_load_html_response)
ES (1) ES534181A0 (enrdf_load_html_response)
FR (1) FR2549215B1 (enrdf_load_html_response)

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DE3836852A1 (de) * 1987-11-05 1989-05-18 Corhart Refractories Co Hochfeste, abriebbestaendige, feuerfeste giessfaehige mischung
US5070606A (en) * 1988-07-25 1991-12-10 Minnesota Mining And Manufacturing Company Method for producing a sheet member containing at least one enclosed channel
US4943544A (en) * 1989-10-10 1990-07-24 Corhart Refractories Corporation High strength, abrasion resistant refractory castable
FI84806C (fi) * 1990-03-30 1992-01-27 Tamglass Oy Boejnings- eller stoedform foer glasskivor.
NL9002251A (nl) * 1990-10-16 1992-05-18 Tno Spiralen-warmtewisselaar.
US5423521A (en) * 1992-05-19 1995-06-13 Quigley Company, Inc. Ceramic plug gas distribution device
US5702628A (en) * 1992-07-30 1997-12-30 Nemoto; Masaru Method of fabricating article by using non-sand core and article produced thereby, and core structure
US6712131B1 (en) 1998-03-12 2004-03-30 Nederlandse Organisatie Voor Toegepast - Natuurwetenschappelijk Onderzoek Tno Method for producing an exchanger and exchanger
EP0941759A1 (en) * 1998-03-12 1999-09-15 Nederlandse Organisatie Voor Toegepast-Natuurwetenschappelijk Onderzoek Tno Method for producing an exchanger and exchanger
GB2361054B (en) * 2000-02-04 2003-11-26 Nnc Ltd Heat exchanger
JP4239077B2 (ja) * 2003-08-20 2009-03-18 独立行政法人 日本原子力研究開発機構 高温耐食性セラミックス製コンパクト熱交換器
US7434765B2 (en) * 2005-02-16 2008-10-14 The Boeing Company Heat exchanger systems and associated systems and methods for cooling aircraft starter/generators
US8297343B2 (en) * 2008-10-15 2012-10-30 Tai-Her Yang Heat absorbing or dissipating device with multi-pipe reversely transported temperature difference fluids
CN102227257A (zh) * 2008-11-30 2011-10-26 康宁股份有限公司 具有高高宽比通道的蜂窝反应器
CN102413918B (zh) 2009-02-28 2015-07-08 康宁股份有限公司 蜂窝体反应器最优化通道尺寸设定
CN201715902U (zh) * 2009-10-16 2011-01-19 杨泰和 流路依温差交错均布的吸热或释热装置
US8051902B2 (en) * 2009-11-24 2011-11-08 Kappes, Cassiday & Associates Solid matrix tube-to-tube heat exchanger
US10041747B2 (en) * 2010-09-22 2018-08-07 Raytheon Company Heat exchanger with a glass body
JP6833255B2 (ja) * 2013-11-18 2021-02-24 ゼネラル・エレクトリック・カンパニイ 一体型チューブインマトリックス熱交換器
FR3023494B1 (fr) * 2014-07-09 2020-06-05 L'air Liquide, Societe Anonyme Pour L'etude Et L'exploitation Des Procedes Georges Claude Echangeur et/ou echangeur-reacteur fabrique par methode additive
US10143995B2 (en) * 2015-06-03 2018-12-04 University Of Alaska Fairbanks Flow-through reaction containment apparatus embodied as a monolithic block of material
EP3538819B1 (en) * 2016-06-21 2023-08-23 Ndoji, Valentin Ceramic catalytic condenser for air-heating
CN106123648B (zh) * 2016-08-19 2018-10-12 胡甜甜 二氧化碳冷却器及包含该二氧化碳冷却器的热泵系统
US11725889B1 (en) * 2019-02-26 2023-08-15 National Technology & Engineering Solutions Of Sandia, Llc Refractory high entropy alloy compact heat exchanger
US12228355B2 (en) * 2022-02-04 2025-02-18 Kappes, Cassiday & Associates Modular tube-to-tube solid-matrix heat exchanger

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Also Published As

Publication number Publication date
EP0131502A1 (fr) 1985-01-16
ES8603064A1 (es) 1985-11-16
JPS6038591A (ja) 1985-02-28
DE3469058D1 (en) 1988-03-03
US4711298A (en) 1987-12-08
JPH0361118B2 (enrdf_load_html_response) 1991-09-18
FR2549215B1 (fr) 1988-06-24
FR2549215A1 (fr) 1985-01-18
US4770828A (en) 1988-09-13
ES534181A0 (es) 1985-11-16

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