EP0125785B1 - Elastomere Fahrbahnmarkierung - Google Patents

Elastomere Fahrbahnmarkierung Download PDF

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Publication number
EP0125785B1
EP0125785B1 EP84302441A EP84302441A EP0125785B1 EP 0125785 B1 EP0125785 B1 EP 0125785B1 EP 84302441 A EP84302441 A EP 84302441A EP 84302441 A EP84302441 A EP 84302441A EP 0125785 B1 EP0125785 B1 EP 0125785B1
Authority
EP
European Patent Office
Prior art keywords
pavement marker
marker
base
raised surface
elastomer
Prior art date
Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
Expired
Application number
EP84302441A
Other languages
English (en)
French (fr)
Other versions
EP0125785A1 (de
Inventor
Krech D. C/O Minnesota Mining And Thomas
David C. C/O Minnesota Mining And May
Current Assignee (The listed assignees may be inaccurate. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation or warranty as to the accuracy of the list.)
3M Co
Original Assignee
Minnesota Mining and Manufacturing Co
Priority date (The priority date is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the date listed.)
Filing date
Publication date
Priority claimed from US06/483,603 external-priority patent/US4534673A/en
Priority claimed from US06/505,382 external-priority patent/US4521129A/en
Application filed by Minnesota Mining and Manufacturing Co filed Critical Minnesota Mining and Manufacturing Co
Priority to AT84302441T priority Critical patent/ATE36568T1/de
Priority to EP88100849A priority patent/EP0279205B1/de
Priority to EP84111987A priority patent/EP0161332B1/de
Publication of EP0125785A1 publication Critical patent/EP0125785A1/de
Application granted granted Critical
Publication of EP0125785B1 publication Critical patent/EP0125785B1/de
Expired legal-status Critical Current

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Classifications

    • E—FIXED CONSTRUCTIONS
    • E01—CONSTRUCTION OF ROADS, RAILWAYS, OR BRIDGES
    • E01F—ADDITIONAL WORK, SUCH AS EQUIPPING ROADS OR THE CONSTRUCTION OF PLATFORMS, HELICOPTER LANDING STAGES, SIGNS, SNOW FENCES, OR THE LIKE
    • E01F9/00—Arrangement of road signs or traffic signals; Arrangements for enforcing caution
    • E01F9/50—Road surface markings; Kerbs or road edgings, specially adapted for alerting road users
    • E01F9/553—Low discrete bodies, e.g. marking blocks, studs or flexible vehicle-striking members
    • E01F9/565—Low discrete bodies, e.g. marking blocks, studs or flexible vehicle-striking members having deflectable or displaceable parts
    • E01F9/573—Self-righting, upright flexible or rockable markers, e.g. resilient flaps bending over
    • E—FIXED CONSTRUCTIONS
    • E01—CONSTRUCTION OF ROADS, RAILWAYS, OR BRIDGES
    • E01F—ADDITIONAL WORK, SUCH AS EQUIPPING ROADS OR THE CONSTRUCTION OF PLATFORMS, HELICOPTER LANDING STAGES, SIGNS, SNOW FENCES, OR THE LIKE
    • E01F9/00—Arrangement of road signs or traffic signals; Arrangements for enforcing caution
    • E01F9/50—Road surface markings; Kerbs or road edgings, specially adapted for alerting road users
    • E01F9/576—Traffic lines
    • E01F9/578—Traffic lines consisting of preformed elements, e.g. tapes, block-type elements specially designed or arranged to make up a traffic line

Definitions

  • pavement markings have fallen into three basic classes:
  • Raised pavement markers offer a greater degree of night delineation or retroreflection, wet or dry, than is offered by painted lines and tapes.
  • Most commercial forms of raised lane delineators comprise a flat-bottomed disk or base (ceramic, polymeric or metal) having a raised portion which carries a reflector portion made of reflective glass microspheres or cube-corner reflector inserts. After the passage of time, these devices can move or slide out of position under the repeated impact of vehicle wheels.
  • Raised markers or delineators have found wide application in road markings, but their application would be even wider except for some disadvantages, specifically: cost (more expensive than tape or reflective paint), poor durability (broken upon impact, scratched reflective surface, etc.) and placement, requiring curable adhesives (epoxy), holes or anchors to remain in place. In geographic areas in which roadways must be plowed to clear them of snow, such lane delineators are quickly removed by the plowing operation. Furthermore, raised markers made of a hard or heavy material could cause property damage and injury if they were thrown into the air by a snowplow, e.g., breaking a passing motorist's windshield.
  • Some known pavement markers have a raised rubber reflecting portion or tab which is intended to bend over under a vehicle tire. Others have a reflecting portion which is supposed to retract into a recess in the pavement.
  • the former type is illustrated by U.S. Patents 4,111,581; 3,963,262; 3,879,148; and 3,785,719 corresponding to DE-U-7,136,160.
  • the reflecting portion is a flat reflectorized rubber piece or tab rising above the pavement surface. The tab is supported at its bottom by attachment to the base portion.
  • Pavement markers tested in reducing this invention to practice exhibited brightness far beyond conventional paints or tapes, and similar to that of known raised pavement markers. In addition, these markers reflected effectively both wet and dry.
  • the uncompressed marker height is normally in the range of 5 mm to 25 mm, and is preferably not greater than 20 mm.
  • a pressure sensitive adhesive may be placed on the bottom surface for adhereing to the road surface.
  • the type of raised pavement markers disclosed herein may be produced at very low cost, thereby allowing placement of a series of numerous markers so drivers would see a continuous stripe along the road. Where reflector height 9.5 mm and viewing distance is about 61 meters the markers should be placed at about 760 mm intervals for reflecting from automobile headlights.
  • Fig. 1 shows the components of one embodiment of this invention.
  • Item 2 is an elastomeric body, for example made of a sponge elastomer such as polyurethane, silicone rubber, ethylene propylene diene terpolymer (EPDM), neoprene or blends of EPDM and neoprene.
  • Adhesive layer 3 is attached to the base of the body, and reflecting material 4 is attached to the raised reflecting surface portion 5 of the body.
  • a surprisingly small amount of adhesive is necessary to hold these flexible foam markers on the road (e.g., peel strength of 4.2 pound per inch, 0.74 kN/m).
  • the angle 8 between the reflecting surface and the base (or between the reflecting surface and the road surface) is usually between 45 and 135°, preferably between 45 and 90°.
  • the pavement marker bodies of this invention can be made by an extrusion process.
  • the manufacture of cellular or sponge rubbers in an extrusion process is known.
  • the uncured elastomer is generally compounded with vulcanizing chemicals and a blowing agent at a temperature below the decomposition temperature of the blowing agent.
  • a suitable EPDM sponge rubber is described in Borg, E.L.,
  • the compound is extruded through a die of specified shape.
  • the extrudate is then cured and simultaneously expanded at elevated temperature. Curing may be done in a brine bath of about 204°C.
  • Such sheeting reflects a cone of light back toward a light source, even though the incident beam strikes the reflector at an angle other than perpendicular to the sheeting.
  • U.S. Patent 2,407,680 The transparent film occupying the space between the spheres and the reflector is called the spacing film.
  • This wide angle flat top sheeting can be considered an embedded lens or enclosed lens sheeting having a spacing film or layer with a thickness which locates the back reflector at the approximate focal point of the optical system.
  • Wide angle flat top retroreflective sheeting may be made, for example, by a solution casting technique comprising the following process steps: (a) providing a paper carrier web coated with a release agent such as polyethylene; (b) coating the release agent side of the carrier web with a 25% solids solution of fully reacted aliphatic elastomeric polyurethane of the polyester type in an isopropanol, toluene, xylene solvent (e.g., Q13787 from K. J.
  • a solution casting technique comprising the following process steps: (a) providing a paper carrier web coated with a release agent such as polyethylene; (b) coating the release agent side of the carrier web with a 25% solids solution of fully reacted aliphatic elastomeric polyurethane of the polyester type in an isopropanol, toluene, xylene solvent (e.g., Q13787 from K. J.
  • a polyurethane hard coating may be applied to the front surface of the sheeting to reduce the accumulation of dirt on the sheeting in use.
  • Such a hard coating has a generally track-free surface and substantially higher 100% modulus of elasticity and lower ultimate elongation than the polyurethane used for the transparent matrix in the reflective sheeting.
  • a typical suitable hard coat polymer is K. J. Quinn QI3515 having a 100% modulus of 5840 psi (40.2 MPa) and 210% ultimate elongation, fully reacted aliphatic elastomeric polyurethane of the polyester type.
  • the polyurethane polymers used for the transparent matrix and spacing layers are useful because they are somewhat elastic and can follow the movement of the pavement marker body without delaminating.
  • an adhesive is applied to the bottom surface of the marker body.
  • it is a phenolic modified polybutadiene pressure sensitive adhesive at least about 250 microns thick cast on a disposable (paper) liner. The liner is removed prior to placement of the marker on the road surface.
  • the markers may be applied to the road by at least two methods.
  • One such method is removing the adhesive liner and pressing the marker to the road surface or onto other marking materials (tape or paint).
  • a second method comprises applying the markers to a tape which is thereafter applied to the road.
  • Hollow cross-section markers may help to dissipate the heat of compression better than solid foam, and they may compress better, offering less resistance to vehicles travelling over them.
  • the connecting portion forms an acute angle with the plane of the bottom of the base portion and has two ribs located on the back side of said connecting portion oriented parallel to the plane of the base. More than two such ribs can be used.
  • An alternative embodiment of the invention shown in Fig. 5, comprises an elastomeric body with the compressive strength and base as described above but having:
  • the marker should be placed so that there is at least one protective rib located in front of raised surface adapted to face oncoming traffic.
  • the height of the protective rib is generally a minimum of 45% of the height of the diamond-shaped portion, as measured from the bottom of the base. However, it should not be so high as to obscure the reflecting material.
  • the ribs are believed to protect the diamond-shaped portion from stress concentration which would hasten its deterioration. Thus the protected diamond shape should have a longer service life.
  • the characteristic of lying flat under a load is obtained using the sponge rubbers described previously. It can also be attained by using normal vulcanized rubbers in a hollow configuration.
  • the hollow diamond-shaped portion is joined to the base along the line defined by one of the corners of the diamond shape and is oriented so that at least one of its surfaces is a raised surface adapted to face oncoming traffic.
  • the reflecting layer is adhered to at least one such surface.
  • the back of the reflecting surface is inherently supported at the top and bottom by the portions of the diamond that connect to it at an angle.
  • the two protective ribs running parallel to and on opposite sides of the elongated sides of the diamond extend the life of the marker over that of similar designs without the ribs.
  • the aspect ratios (width at the widest point divided by height) for the diamond shape and the ribs are preferably in the ranges of 0.6 to 1.0 and about 1 to 1.3 respectively. Height of the diamond shape is measured from the point where it joins the base, and height of the ribs is measured from the bottom of the marker.

Landscapes

  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Architecture (AREA)
  • Civil Engineering (AREA)
  • Structural Engineering (AREA)
  • Road Signs Or Road Markings (AREA)

Claims (12)

1. Fahrbahnmarkierung zum Begrenzen von Fahrspuren auf Fahrbahnen mit einem aus einem Elastomer bestehenden Körper (2), der einen Basisteil besitzt, der auf einer Fahrbahn befestigbar ist, sowie eine erhabene Fläche, die bei auf einer Fahrbahn befestigten Markierung dem herankommenden Verkehr zugekehrt sein kann, und mit einer reflektierenden Einrichtung (4), die an der erhabenen Fläche angebracht ist, dadurch gekennzeichnet, daß
(A) des Elastomer bei einer Kompression von 25% eine Druckfestigkeit von weniger als etwa 100 kPa hat,
(B) der Körper eine solche Form hat, daß er die erhabene Fläche auf ihrer Rückseite mit einem Verbindungsteil abstützt, der sich zwischen der Rückseite der erhabenen Fläche und dem Basisteil erstreckt und unter einem spitzen Winkel zu der Ebene der Unterseite des Basisteils angeordnet ist, und
(C) die erhabene Fläche unter eine Last von mindestens 96 kPa flach liegt und abwärtsgekehrt und dadurch vor einem Abscheuern geschützt ist.
2. Fahrbahnmarkierung nach Anspruch 1, dadurch gekennzeichnet, daß das Elastomer gemäß Teil (A) ein zelliges Elastomer ist.
3. Fahrbahnmarkierung nach Anspruch 1, dadurch gekennzeichnet, daß der Körper (2) unterhalb der erhabenen Fläche eine Vertiefung (6) besitzt.
4. Fahrbahnmarkierung nach Anspruch 1, dadurch gekennzeichnet, daß auf der Rückseite des Verbindungsteils mindestens zwei Rippen angeordnet sind, die zu der Ebene des Basisteils parallel sind.
5. Fahrbahnmarkierung zum Begrenzen von Fahrspuren auf Fahrbahnen mit einem aus einem Elastomer bestehenden Körper (2), der einen Basisteil besitzt, der auf einer Fahrbahn befestigbar ist, sowie eine erhabene Fläche, die bei auf einer Fahrbahn befestigten Markierung dem herankommenden Verkehr zugekehrt sein kann, und mit einer reflektierenden Einrichtung (4), die an der erhabenen Fläche angebracht ist, dadurch gekennzeichnet, daß
(A) das Elastomer ein zelliges Elastomer ist, das bei einer Kompression von 25% eine Druckfestigkeit unter etwa 100 kPa hat,
(B) ein Teil des Körpers (2) einen rhombusförmigen Querschnitt hat und so orientiert ist, daß
(i) mindestens eine seiner Flächen die erhabene Fläche bildet und
(ii) der mint dem Basisteil längs einer Linie verbunden ist, die von einer der Ecken des Rhombus bestimmt ist, und
(C) mindestens eine Schutzrippe (20) vorgesehen ist, die einen Teil des Basisteils bildet und zusammen mit dem übrigen Basisteil eine Vertiefung bildet, in die der rhombusförmige Teil unter der Belastung durch ein Fahrzeugrad annähernd flach hineingeklappt wird, wobei unter dieser Belastung der obere Rand des rhombusförmigen Teils ungefähr auf dem Niveau oder unter dem Niveau des oberen Randes der Schutzrippe angeordnet ist.
6. Fahrbahnmarkierung nach Anspruch 5, dadurch gekennzeichnet, daß die Höhe der Schutzrippe (20) gemäß Teil (C) mindestens 45% der Höhe des rhombusförmigen Teils beträgt, aber nicht so groß ist, daß die Rippe die reflektierende Einrichtung abdeckt.
7. Fahrbahnmarkierung nach Anspruch 6, dadurch gekennzeichnet, daß die Rippe (20) ein Abmessungsverhältnis von etwa 1 bis 1,3 hat, wobei das Abmessungsverhältnis das Verhältnis der Breite der Rippe an ihrer breitesten Stelle zu ihrer Höhe ist.
8. Fahrbahnmarkierung nach einem der vorhergehenden Ansprüche, dadurch gekennzeichnet, daß die reflektierende Einrichtung (4) der erhabenen Fläche einen hinten angeordneten Reflektor, eine darüberliegende, durchsichtige Einbettungsmasse, eine in der durchsichtigen Einbettungsmasse eingebettete, aus kleinen durchsichtigen Kugeln bestehende, lichtzurückwerfende Schicht, die mit dem hinten angeordneten Reflektor in optischer Verbindung steht, aber in einem so großen Abstand von ihr angeordnet ist, daß die Helligkeit des reflektierten Lichtes beträchtlich erhöht wird, und eine darüberliegende, durchsichtige, massive Abdeckung besitzt, die den vordersten Teilen der Kugeln angepaßt ist und eine ebene Vorderfläche hat.
9. Fahrbahnmarkierung nach einem der vorhergehenden Ansprüche, dadurch gekennzeichnet, daß sie ein Band bildet, das eine Klebstoffschicht zum Ankleben auf der Fahrbahnoberfläche besitzt.
10. Fahrbahnmarkierung nach Anspruch 9, dadurch gekennzeichnet, daß der Klebstoff ein Haftkleber ist.
11. Fahrbahnmarkierung nach Anspruch 8, dadurch gekennzeichnet, daß die durchsichtige Einbettungsmasse ein elastisches .Polymer ist.
12. Fahrbahnmarkierung nach einem der Ansprüche 2,5,6 und 7 oder einem derAnsprüche 8 bis 11 in Rückbeziehung auf einen derAnsprüche 2, 5, 6 und 7, dadurch gekennzeichnet, daß das zellige Elastomer aus Polyurethan, Siliconkautschuk, Neoprenkautschuk, Ethylen-Propylen-Dien-Terpolymer (EPDM) oder einem Gemisch von Neopren und EPDM ist.
EP84302441A 1983-04-11 1984-04-10 Elastomere Fahrbahnmarkierung Expired EP0125785B1 (de)

Priority Applications (3)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
AT84302441T ATE36568T1 (de) 1983-04-11 1984-04-10 Elastomere fahrbahnmarkierung.
EP88100849A EP0279205B1 (de) 1984-04-10 1984-10-05 Elastomere Fahrbahnmarkierung
EP84111987A EP0161332B1 (de) 1984-04-10 1984-10-05 Elastomere Fahrbahnmarkierung

Applications Claiming Priority (4)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
US06/483,603 US4534673A (en) 1983-04-11 1983-04-11 Elastomeric pavement marker
US505382 1983-06-17
US06/505,382 US4521129A (en) 1983-06-17 1983-06-17 Elastomeric pavement marker having improved configuration
US483603 1990-02-22

Related Child Applications (1)

Application Number Title Priority Date Filing Date
EP88100848.6 Division-Into 1984-04-10

Publications (2)

Publication Number Publication Date
EP0125785A1 EP0125785A1 (de) 1984-11-21
EP0125785B1 true EP0125785B1 (de) 1988-08-17

Family

ID=27047713

Family Applications (2)

Application Number Title Priority Date Filing Date
EP84302441A Expired EP0125785B1 (de) 1983-04-11 1984-04-10 Elastomere Fahrbahnmarkierung
EP88100848A Expired - Lifetime EP0279204B1 (de) 1983-04-11 1984-04-10 Elastomere Fahrbahnmarkierung

Family Applications After (1)

Application Number Title Priority Date Filing Date
EP88100848A Expired - Lifetime EP0279204B1 (de) 1983-04-11 1984-04-10 Elastomere Fahrbahnmarkierung

Country Status (5)

Country Link
EP (2) EP0125785B1 (de)
JP (1) JPH0651962B2 (de)
AU (2) AU575044B2 (de)
BR (1) BR8401650A (de)
DE (2) DE3484962D1 (de)

Families Citing this family (13)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
EP0161332B1 (de) * 1984-04-10 1989-02-01 Minnesota Mining And Manufacturing Company Elastomere Fahrbahnmarkierung
GB2183276B (en) * 1985-10-04 1988-09-21 Aph Road Safety Ltd Traffic bollards
AU594033B2 (en) * 1985-12-31 1990-03-01 Roadmark Group Limited Improvements in and relating to delineators
CH674385A5 (de) * 1988-04-15 1990-05-31 Minnesota Mining & Mfg
CA1307971C (en) * 1988-06-09 1992-09-29 Thomas Peter Hedblom Patterned pavement marking
DE3905597A1 (de) * 1989-02-23 1990-09-13 Juergen Benaburger Markierungselement
GB8910454D0 (en) * 1989-05-06 1989-06-21 Mone Bros Roadmarkings Limited Road marking method
AU602120B1 (en) * 1989-05-29 1990-09-27 Clawb Pty. Ltd. Improvements in road markers
EP0592452B1 (de) * 1991-04-05 1999-06-23 Barry David Pacey Strassenmarkierungsverfahren, Aufbringen von Markierungselementen
US6861141B2 (en) 1996-12-04 2005-03-01 Gina M. Buccellato Pavement marking article and raised pavement marker that uses pressure sensitive adhesive
DE69736774T2 (de) * 1996-12-04 2007-08-16 Minnesota Mining And Manufacturing Company, St. Paul Erhöhte strassenbelagsmarkierung, die haftklebstoff verwendet
JP2007211466A (ja) * 2006-02-08 2007-08-23 Nemoto Kikaku Kogyo Kk 地熱利用融雪凍結防止システム
GB2590446B (en) * 2019-12-18 2022-05-18 Three Smith Group Ltd Kerb barrier

Family Cites Families (16)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
DE7227688U (de) * 1973-01-11 Henkel & Cie Gmbh Markierungsfolie
DK41313C (da) * 1928-05-16 1929-12-16 William Marchant Rand Trafikskilt.
US1802940A (en) * 1928-05-25 1931-04-28 Wesley F Cornelius Collapsible traffic button
US2407680A (en) * 1945-03-02 1946-09-17 Minnesota Mining & Mfg Reflex light reflector
DE1926703A1 (de) * 1969-05-24 1970-11-26 Guenther Gubela Strassenmarkierungsbake fuer Verkehrszwecke
DE7136160U (de) * 1970-09-21 1974-11-28 Minnesota Mining And Manufacturing Co Überfahrbares Straßenmarkierungselement
US3785719A (en) * 1972-07-21 1974-01-15 Minnesota Mining & Mfg Roadway lane delineator having an elastomeric reflective portion
IT1045336B (it) * 1973-03-21 1980-05-10 Eigenmann Ludwig Materiale retroriflettente associabile a strisce elastoplastiche e simili per segnaletica stradale orizzontale per esaltarne la vis filita sotto luce radente
GB1416764A (en) * 1973-04-03 1975-12-03 Dunlop Ltd Reflector stud
DE7432200U (de) * 1973-09-26 1975-01-09 Neuhaus J Sa Elastisches Profilband
US3963362A (en) * 1974-11-27 1976-06-15 Carlisle Corporation Road marker
US4111581A (en) * 1978-01-03 1978-09-05 Auriemma Robert S Highway marker
US4203685A (en) * 1978-05-05 1980-05-20 Sanchez Richard E Automotive vehicle speed arrestor
DE2903215A1 (de) * 1979-01-27 1980-07-31 Debuschewitz Kg H Bodenrueckstrahler
US4297051A (en) * 1979-06-01 1981-10-27 Robinson Jesse L Deformable highway marker
US4428320A (en) * 1981-06-08 1984-01-31 Lukens General Industries, Inc. Reflective paving marker

Also Published As

Publication number Publication date
EP0279204A1 (de) 1988-08-24
EP0279204B1 (de) 1991-08-21
AU2669284A (en) 1984-10-18
AU589067B2 (en) 1989-09-28
AU1734288A (en) 1988-08-25
JPS6023505A (ja) 1985-02-06
DE3484962D1 (de) 1991-09-26
BR8401650A (pt) 1984-11-20
JPH0651962B2 (ja) 1994-07-06
EP0125785A1 (de) 1984-11-21
DE3473484D1 (en) 1988-09-22
AU575044B2 (en) 1988-07-21

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