EP0124397A1 - Double glazing and manufacturing process - Google Patents

Double glazing and manufacturing process Download PDF

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Publication number
EP0124397A1
EP0124397A1 EP84400617A EP84400617A EP0124397A1 EP 0124397 A1 EP0124397 A1 EP 0124397A1 EP 84400617 A EP84400617 A EP 84400617A EP 84400617 A EP84400617 A EP 84400617A EP 0124397 A1 EP0124397 A1 EP 0124397A1
Authority
EP
European Patent Office
Prior art keywords
glazing
panes
profile
frame
balancing member
Prior art date
Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
Granted
Application number
EP84400617A
Other languages
German (de)
French (fr)
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EP0124397B1 (en
Inventor
Charles Mondon
Current Assignee (The listed assignees may be inaccurate. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation or warranty as to the accuracy of the list.)
Individual
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Individual
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Filing date
Publication date
Application filed by Individual filed Critical Individual
Priority to AT84400617T priority Critical patent/ATE27031T1/en
Publication of EP0124397A1 publication Critical patent/EP0124397A1/en
Application granted granted Critical
Publication of EP0124397B1 publication Critical patent/EP0124397B1/en
Expired legal-status Critical Current

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Classifications

    • E—FIXED CONSTRUCTIONS
    • E06—DOORS, WINDOWS, SHUTTERS, OR ROLLER BLINDS IN GENERAL; LADDERS
    • E06B—FIXED OR MOVABLE CLOSURES FOR OPENINGS IN BUILDINGS, VEHICLES, FENCES OR LIKE ENCLOSURES IN GENERAL, e.g. DOORS, WINDOWS, BLINDS, GATES
    • E06B1/00—Border constructions of openings in walls, floors, or ceilings; Frames to be rigidly mounted in such openings
    • E06B1/56—Fastening frames to the border of openings or to similar contiguous frames
    • E06B1/60—Fastening frames to the border of openings or to similar contiguous frames by mechanical means, e.g. anchoring means
    • E06B1/6015—Anchoring means
    • E—FIXED CONSTRUCTIONS
    • E06—DOORS, WINDOWS, SHUTTERS, OR ROLLER BLINDS IN GENERAL; LADDERS
    • E06B—FIXED OR MOVABLE CLOSURES FOR OPENINGS IN BUILDINGS, VEHICLES, FENCES OR LIKE ENCLOSURES IN GENERAL, e.g. DOORS, WINDOWS, BLINDS, GATES
    • E06B3/00—Window sashes, door leaves, or like elements for closing wall or like openings; Layout of fixed or moving closures, e.g. windows in wall or like openings; Features of rigidly-mounted outer frames relating to the mounting of wing frames
    • E06B3/30—Coverings, e.g. protecting against weather, for decorative purposes
    • E06B3/308—Wing frames covered on the outside by a rigidly-mounted outer frame
    • E—FIXED CONSTRUCTIONS
    • E06—DOORS, WINDOWS, SHUTTERS, OR ROLLER BLINDS IN GENERAL; LADDERS
    • E06B—FIXED OR MOVABLE CLOSURES FOR OPENINGS IN BUILDINGS, VEHICLES, FENCES OR LIKE ENCLOSURES IN GENERAL, e.g. DOORS, WINDOWS, BLINDS, GATES
    • E06B3/00—Window sashes, door leaves, or like elements for closing wall or like openings; Layout of fixed or moving closures, e.g. windows in wall or like openings; Features of rigidly-mounted outer frames relating to the mounting of wing frames
    • E06B3/66—Units comprising two or more parallel glass or like panes permanently secured together
    • E06B3/6621—Units comprising two or more parallel glass or like panes permanently secured together with special provisions for fitting in window frames or to adjacent units; Separate edge protecting strips
    • E—FIXED CONSTRUCTIONS
    • E06—DOORS, WINDOWS, SHUTTERS, OR ROLLER BLINDS IN GENERAL; LADDERS
    • E06B—FIXED OR MOVABLE CLOSURES FOR OPENINGS IN BUILDINGS, VEHICLES, FENCES OR LIKE ENCLOSURES IN GENERAL, e.g. DOORS, WINDOWS, BLINDS, GATES
    • E06B3/00—Window sashes, door leaves, or like elements for closing wall or like openings; Layout of fixed or moving closures, e.g. windows in wall or like openings; Features of rigidly-mounted outer frames relating to the mounting of wing frames
    • E06B3/66—Units comprising two or more parallel glass or like panes permanently secured together
    • E06B3/663—Elements for spacing panes
    • E06B3/66309—Section members positioned at the edges of the glazing unit
    • E06B3/66323—Section members positioned at the edges of the glazing unit comprising an interruption of the heat flow in a direction perpendicular to the unit
    • E—FIXED CONSTRUCTIONS
    • E06—DOORS, WINDOWS, SHUTTERS, OR ROLLER BLINDS IN GENERAL; LADDERS
    • E06B—FIXED OR MOVABLE CLOSURES FOR OPENINGS IN BUILDINGS, VEHICLES, FENCES OR LIKE ENCLOSURES IN GENERAL, e.g. DOORS, WINDOWS, BLINDS, GATES
    • E06B3/00—Window sashes, door leaves, or like elements for closing wall or like openings; Layout of fixed or moving closures, e.g. windows in wall or like openings; Features of rigidly-mounted outer frames relating to the mounting of wing frames
    • E06B3/66—Units comprising two or more parallel glass or like panes permanently secured together
    • E06B3/663—Elements for spacing panes
    • E06B3/66309—Section members positioned at the edges of the glazing unit
    • E06B3/66366—Section members positioned at the edges of the glazing unit specially adapted for units comprising more than two panes or for attaching intermediate sheets
    • E—FIXED CONSTRUCTIONS
    • E06—DOORS, WINDOWS, SHUTTERS, OR ROLLER BLINDS IN GENERAL; LADDERS
    • E06B—FIXED OR MOVABLE CLOSURES FOR OPENINGS IN BUILDINGS, VEHICLES, FENCES OR LIKE ENCLOSURES IN GENERAL, e.g. DOORS, WINDOWS, BLINDS, GATES
    • E06B3/00—Window sashes, door leaves, or like elements for closing wall or like openings; Layout of fixed or moving closures, e.g. windows in wall or like openings; Features of rigidly-mounted outer frames relating to the mounting of wing frames
    • E06B3/66—Units comprising two or more parallel glass or like panes permanently secured together
    • E06B3/677—Evacuating or filling the gap between the panes ; Equilibration of inside and outside pressure; Preventing condensation in the gap between the panes; Cleaning the gap between the panes
    • E—FIXED CONSTRUCTIONS
    • E06—DOORS, WINDOWS, SHUTTERS, OR ROLLER BLINDS IN GENERAL; LADDERS
    • E06B—FIXED OR MOVABLE CLOSURES FOR OPENINGS IN BUILDINGS, VEHICLES, FENCES OR LIKE ENCLOSURES IN GENERAL, e.g. DOORS, WINDOWS, BLINDS, GATES
    • E06B9/00—Screening or protective devices for wall or similar openings, with or without operating or securing mechanisms; Closures of similar construction
    • E06B9/24—Screens or other constructions affording protection against light, especially against sunshine; Similar screens for privacy or appearance; Slat blinds
    • E06B9/26—Lamellar or like blinds, e.g. venetian blinds
    • E06B9/264—Combinations of lamellar blinds with roller shutters, screen windows, windows, or double panes; Lamellar blinds with special devices
    • E—FIXED CONSTRUCTIONS
    • E06—DOORS, WINDOWS, SHUTTERS, OR ROLLER BLINDS IN GENERAL; LADDERS
    • E06B—FIXED OR MOVABLE CLOSURES FOR OPENINGS IN BUILDINGS, VEHICLES, FENCES OR LIKE ENCLOSURES IN GENERAL, e.g. DOORS, WINDOWS, BLINDS, GATES
    • E06B9/00—Screening or protective devices for wall or similar openings, with or without operating or securing mechanisms; Closures of similar construction
    • E06B9/24—Screens or other constructions affording protection against light, especially against sunshine; Similar screens for privacy or appearance; Slat blinds
    • E06B9/26—Lamellar or like blinds, e.g. venetian blinds
    • E06B9/264—Combinations of lamellar blinds with roller shutters, screen windows, windows, or double panes; Lamellar blinds with special devices
    • E06B2009/2643—Screens between double windows

Definitions

  • the present invention relates to glazing, in particular for windows and French windows, of the type constituted by two panes arranged opposite and maintained by a rigid frame provided with sealing means.
  • the invention relates to a glazing of the type indicated and which is provided with a deformable and sealed member for balancing pressure between the exterior and the interior, this word designating here the space comprised between the two windows.
  • the pressure variations between the outside and the inside of a double glazing can be due to meteorological phenomena or to a heating of the gas contained inside under the effect of the sun. To prevent them from causing damage, it is usual to give the panes a sufficient thickness and to embed them securely in the frame. It should be noted that the larger the glazing. is large, the more the frame is used: if you double the dimensions of a square glazing, the forces due to pressure differences are quadrupled, while the length of the frame is only doubled.
  • This element constitutes the sealed means of sealing the panes on the frame and, between the panes, it forms a flexible membrane therefore one side is in contact with the outside air and the other side is in contact with the inside of the glazing. and which deforms under the effect of relative pressure variations.
  • This solution has the disadvantage of causing efforts on the part of the element which forms the sealed means with risks of fatigue or displacement.
  • a bladder or container made of flexible material, the interior of which is connected to the interior of the glazing by a tube.
  • This tube passes through a seal made of elastomeric material which serves both to provide the seal between the frame and the interior of the glazing and to prevent the windows from coming together.
  • the frame has a groove in which are housed the edges of the panes and the seal made of elastomeric material, the edges of this groove prevent the panes from moving apart.
  • This device makes it possible to obtain an effective balancing of pressures inside and outside, but it requires the provision of a large frame. Indeed, on the one hand the frame must be large enough to contain the cavity where the bladder is placed, and this cavity must allow variations in the volume of the bladder; these volume variations increase if the difference between the panes is increased. On the other hand, like the windows are maintained by a groove, the frame necessarily has a width greater than the distance between the external faces of the windows. For these two reasons, it is necessary to limit the difference between the panes, which reduces the thermal insulation qualities of the glazing.
  • the object of the invention is to provide glazing which, at the same time, is of higher quality than that of the prior art, as regards its thermal insulation properties, thanks to an increased spacing of the panes, and simplified production and reduced cost price.
  • the invention also aims to provide a simple method for obtaining such glazing.
  • sealing is meant here a non-mechanical means which ensures a final fixing of the glass on the profile, for example a bonding.
  • the sealing can also provide a sealing function. chewiness, but it may be advantageous to provide an additional sealing means, for example of a material having a great seal against water vapor.
  • the profiles constituting the frame are entirely contained in the interval defined by the planes of the external faces of the panes.
  • this protective means are provided for protecting the pressure balancing member against radiation penetrating through the panes, this protective means dividing the interior space of the glazing into two communicating chambers and subjected to the same pressure and one of which is peripheral and contains said balancing member.
  • This protective means delimits the periphery of the glazing and the part of the latter which is transparent to light. Its main purpose is to extend the life of the pressure-balancing member. sealing.
  • the means of protection is also of aesthetic interest, since it hides the protective element from view.
  • said protective means consists of at least one auxiliary profile, supported with play by two wings of a framing profile, and which optionally carries additional devices placed inside the glazing.
  • the peripheral chamber contains, in addition to the balancing member, a charge of desiccant substance and there is provided in a profile, near said charge of desiccant substance at least one orifice provided with a means waterproof shutter that can be removed to renew said charge.
  • the same protective profile therefore ensures, in addition to the protection of the pressure balancing member, the concealment of the desiccant load and possibly its maintenance. It is obvious that this charge should be placed so as not to impede the functioning of the body of e q uili- bration. Note in this regard that the amount of water vapor entering a double glazing depends essentially on the length of the joints and not on the volume between panes. As a result, when the gap between panes increases, the amount of desiccant does not change. The load can therefore be placed so as to obscure a smaller part of the glass surface.
  • Another advantage of the arrangement described lies in the fact that provision can be made for rolling housings or other accessories for the cooperation of the glazing with a fixed frame, carried by a profile, penetrate into said chamber without, however, affecting its sealing against the outside.
  • the invention also provides a method of manufacturing a glazing as has just been defined.
  • This process is of the type according to which the profiles are assembled by gluing together and with the two panes of glass, forming a sealed assembly, and it has the following particularities: that the profiles are first provided with the pressure balancing member or members, and after bonding, a pressure difference is created between the two faces of the balancing member (s), using a closable orifice provided in a profile and communicating with the interior of the glazing, this pressure difference being calculated and the said balancing member or members are brought into a conformation substantially the same as their average conformation during use and the communication between the interior of the glazing and the exterior is closed at least up to when using the glazing.
  • a shutter for example that intended for the renewal of this charge, is removed, or is not in place.
  • the interior of the glazing is then connected to the surrounding atmosphere, which is advantageously a dry gas such as nitrogen.
  • the interior of the balancing member is then brought to a different pressure, calculated as mentioned above.
  • the conduit intended to ensure the connection of the balancing member with the atmosphere during its operation is connected to a suitable pressure source, for example a gas cylinder, by means of a conduit provided with a provisional filling means.
  • a suitable pressure source for example a gas cylinder
  • the glazing object of fig. 1 is formed by two identical and rectangular panes 1 which are connected at their edges by framing profiles 2 which all have substantially the same structure.
  • Each frame profile 2 is composed of two identical aluminum profiles 3, arranged symmetrically and connected by a central core 4 of resin with low thermal and sonic conductivity, this structure avoiding the appearance of thermal bridge.
  • aluminum is understood, of course, an appropriate aluminum alloy, the composition of which may vary depending on the circumstances of use. Other metals are obviously usable. It would obviously be possible to design the framing profile 2 in one piece, in a material having both the mechanical properties and suitable thermal and sonic insulation.
  • Each aluminum section 3 has a dovetail groove 5 for anchoring the core 4, this core is put in place by casting.
  • the aluminum profiles 3 comprise, in a direction opposite to the panes 1 and in a direction opposite to the core 4, grooves 6, 7 which are intended for the attachment of accessories in front cooperate for example with a fixed joinery such as a window or door frame.
  • the total width of the framing profile 2 is substantially equal to the distance between the exterior faces 8 of the panes 1.
  • the aluminum profiles 3 each have a wing 9, which advances between the panes 1 and gives the section of the framing profile 2 a general U-shape.
  • the panes 1 are fixed by their edge to the framing profile at by means of a seal 10 in extruded silicone, which ensures a seal flexible and a first water vapor barrier.
  • a blade 11, made of hot extruded butyl, is interposed and clamped between each wing 9 and the inner face of the corresponding window 1, to form a second barrier against water vapor.
  • each wing has a groove 12 on its side facing inward.
  • a projection 13 of an auxiliary profile 14 of polyvinyl chloride It is important to note that the projections 13 penetrate into each groove 12 with appreciable play, both in the parallel direction and in the direction perpendicular to the direction of the panes.
  • This auxiliary profile is never perfectly flat, due to the temperature differences between its faces.
  • its length is slightly shorter than that of profile 2 to take account of the difference in the expansion coefficients. For these reasons, the connection between the framing profile 2 and the auxiliary profile 14 is never waterproof.
  • the auxiliary profile 14 divides the interior space defined by the panes 1 and the profiles 2 into a peripheral chamber 15 and a central chamber 16 (fig. 2). These two rooms are always in communication for the reasons just explained.
  • the auxiliary profile 14 carries, on its face opposite to the framing profile 2, two wings 17 with a right angle section, the ends of which are thinned and brought closer to one another. In FIG. 1, these two wings 17 hold together a stretched anti-convection film 18 made of material transparent, clear or tinted. In FIG. 2, the two wings 17 are unused, in FIG. 3, they maintain a third window 19.
  • the core 4 of the profile 2 is pierced with a hole 20 in which is sealed, a pocket 21 in the form of a bellows, made of 0.3 to 1.5 mm thick butyl, shown in FIG. 1 substantially in its position of least volume and in FIG. 2, in its position of greatest volume, this pocket constitutes the pressure balance member.
  • the inside of the pocket 21 communicates with the outside atmosphere through the hole 2a, while its outside face is subjected to the pressure which prevails in the chambers 15 and 16, that is to say the pressure at the interior of the glazing.
  • FIG. 1 therefore corresponds to an internal overpressure, or more exactly, to conditions which would lead to an overpressure in the absence of a pressure balancing member.
  • the framing profile 2 and the auxiliary profile delimit the space in which this organ can operate, and at the same time, they are opposed to the fact that solar or other rays which have passed through the windows can reach pocket 21.
  • FIG. 3 shows the chamber 15 occupied not by the pocket 21 as in FIGS. 1 and 2, but by a mass 22 of dehydrating material constituted here by a molecular sieve in the form of granules.
  • a hole 23 passes through the core 4 of the profile. This hole is threaded and closed by a plug 24, tight and screwed.
  • Figure 4 shows the position of accessories for the use of the glazing according to the invention as sliding glazing.
  • This core 4 in fact, has elongated notches 25 in which are mounted booters 26 provided with bearings 27.
  • Each boot 26 is closed and sealed except on the side facing outwards, by which the bearings 27 protrude to roll on a raceway 28 which is part of a fixed frame 29.
  • the case 26 has wings 30 which come to bear on the ends of the frame profile 2.
  • the bottom 31 of the case comes close to the auxiliary section 14, if although practically the entire extent of the peripheral chamber 15, towards the center of the glazing, is used.
  • the connection between the boot 26 and the core 4 of the framing profile, at the level of the notch 25 is sealed.
  • the boot 26, which carries the bearings is removable and that it is surrounded in the peripheral chamber 15 by a second boot 32, which is sealed and tightly bonded to the core 4.
  • the second shoemaker 32 is shown in dashed lines in FIG. 4. It can be thinner than shoemaker 26, because it does not support mechanical forces. This variant is a little more complicated but it allows easy replacement and adjustment of the bearings. Note that one or the other of the provisions are made possible without difficulty by the large spacing of the windows. The transparent surface of the glazing thus extends practically to the top of the case 26.
  • sealing brushes 33 are also shown mounted in the grooves 7 of the framing profile 2. These brushes are the only elements which protrude from the plane of the external faces 8 of the panes 1. They ensure the sealing to air currents, as is well known, and protect the windows 1 from contact with the fixed frame 29.
  • FIG. 4 there is shown the lower part of a foldable screen 34, sun visor and preferably reflective.
  • the large spacing between panes makes it possible to give the screen 34 a structure which, in section, in the deployed state, shows a series of superimposed honeycombs.
  • the screen 34 and stretched downwards by a profile 35 which, in FIG. 4, rests on the wings 17 of the profile 14.
  • the vertical edges of the screen 34 are guided by the wings 17 of the profile 14 located on the sides of the glazing.
  • FIG. 5 shows the upper edge of a glazing unit fitted with the same screen 34, which is this time shown in the folded state.
  • the peripheral chamber 15 is this time used for housing a pulley 36 for entraining the cables for raising and lowering the screen.
  • the core 4 is notched to leave the space necessary for the pulley 36, but the notch is not through, in order to preserve the seal.
  • the auxiliary profile 14 is turned over, its wings 17 being inside the peripheral chamber 15. These wings are notched at the level of the pulley 36 to make room for the latter.
  • the auxiliary profile 14 also carries the attachment means 37 of the screen 34.
  • the shaft 38 of the pulley 36 is supported by the aluminum profiles 9 of the framing profile, without breaking the seal!
  • the shaft 38 passes through one of the profiles 9 to be connected to external drive means (not shown) by means of a tight seal formed by an enlargement of the silicone seal 10.
  • external drive means not shown
  • Figure 6 shows the use of grooves 6, 7 of the framing profile 2 for holding accessories for using the glazing as a hinged door.
  • a flexible outer seal 39 is anchored directly in the grooves 6 and 7 and comes to bear on the fixed frame 40.
  • an additional profile or flapping profile 41 is fixed in a groove 6, it carries a mounting gasket, or key gasket 42 which bears on the edge of the corresponding window 1, and an internal gasket 43, which comes to bear on the fixed frame 40.
  • the hinge 44 is shown in dashed lines and is screwed at 45 onto the additional profile. and lock at 46 on the groove 7 of the framing profile 2.
  • FIG. 6 also shows how the wings 17 of the auxiliary profile 14 serve to guide the screen 34 when it is deployed. It is quite obvious that the accessories shown in this figure could have been shown at the same time as an anti-convection screen as shown in FIG. 1 or an additional window as shown in FIG. 3. It will be noted that the chamber 15, which is shown empty in Figure 6 may contain a pressure balancing member or a desiccant mass or other fixed accessories on the core 4, in fact it remains accessible without disassembly or possibly with disassembly of the single seal 39, which is relatively easy.
  • FIG. 7 shows another embodiment of the glazing according to the invention.
  • the thickness of the glazing is here notably greater than in the previous figures, thanks to a slightly different conformation of the aluminum profiles 3 and of the auxiliary profile 14, the other elements remaining the same.
  • This made it possible to house a larger pressure balancing member and to provide several additional panes 19a, 19b, 19c.
  • the means, such as holes (not shown) in the profile L4 are provided to equalize the pressures in the compartments delimited by the additional panes or the additional screens.
  • the pressure balancing member 21 is of increased dimensions and of adapted shape.
  • the glazing in FIG. 7 is shown in direct association with elements 47, 48 of the main structure of the building, by means of a fixing part 49, which cooperates with a groove 6, and seals 50, bearing on the panes 1 .

Abstract

A glazing consisting of two panes located opposite one another and retained by a rigid frame provided with leakproofing means and consisting of sections which bear on the inner faces of the panes and which are fastened to these by means of an anchor preventing the panes from moving apart, this frame being provided with at least one deformable and leakproof member for equalizing pressure between the outside and inside of the glazing, this member being independent of the said leakproofing means and being located on the inside of the glazing in relation to the said sections, and the said sections having, towards the outside of the glazing, a shape which allows direct attachment of accessories enabling the glazing to interact with a fixed surround. This glazing provides a considerable increase in the internal volume and therefore the possibilities of heat and sound insulation, as a result of the fitting of interpolated elements. Furthermore, it can be produced completely at the factory, ready to be installed in its surround.

Description

La présente invention est relative à un vitrage notamment pour fenêtres et portes-fenêtres, du genre constitué par deux vitres disposées en regard et maintenues par un encadrement rigide pourvu de moyens d'étanchéité.The present invention relates to glazing, in particular for windows and French windows, of the type constituted by two panes arranged opposite and maintained by a rigid frame provided with sealing means.

Plus précisément, l'invention est relative à un vitrage du type indiqué et qui est pourvu d'un organe déformable et étanche d'équilibrage de pression entre l'extérieur et l'intérieur, ce mot désignant ici l'espace compris entre les deux vitres.More specifically, the invention relates to a glazing of the type indicated and which is provided with a deformable and sealed member for balancing pressure between the exterior and the interior, this word designating here the space comprised between the two windows.

Les variations de pression entre l'extérieur et l'intérieur d'un double vitrage peuvent être dues à des phénomènes météorologiques ou à un échauffement du gaz contenu à l'intérieur sous l'effet du soleil. Pour éviter qu'ils ne provoquent des dégâts, il est usuel de donner aux vitres une épaisseur suffisante et de les encastrer solidement dans l'encadrement. On doit noter que plus le vitrage. est grand, plus l'encadrement est sollicité: si on double les dimensions d'un vitrage carré, les forces dues aux différences de pression sont quadruplées, alors que la longueur de l'encadrement est seulement doublée.The pressure variations between the outside and the inside of a double glazing can be due to meteorological phenomena or to a heating of the gas contained inside under the effect of the sun. To prevent them from causing damage, it is usual to give the panes a sufficient thickness and to embed them securely in the frame. It should be noted that the larger the glazing. is large, the more the frame is used: if you double the dimensions of a square glazing, the forces due to pressure differences are quadrupled, while the length of the frame is only doubled.

On a proposé (US-A-2 207 745) d'égaliser les pressions au moyen de trous, éventuellement pourvus de filtres, mais cette solution n'est pas complètement efficace pour éliminer les condensations d'humidité à l'intérieur du vitrage.It has been proposed (US-A-2 207 745) to equalize the pressures by means of holes, possibly provided with filters, but this solution is not completely effective in eliminating the condensation of humidity inside the glazing.

On a également proposé (DE-A-2 730 119) de placer entre les vitres et l'encadrement un élément en matière déformable telle que du caoutchouc.It has also been proposed (DE-A-2 730 119) to place between the panes and the frame an element made of deformable material such as rubber.

Cet élément constitue le moyen étanche de scellement des vitres sur l'encadrement et, entre les vitres, il forme une membrane souple donc une face est en contact avec l'air extérieur et l'autre face est en contact avec l'intérieur du vitrage et qui se déforme sous l'effet des variations relatives de pression . Cette solution a l'inconvénient d'entraîner des efforts sur la partie de l'élément qui forme le moyen étanche avec des risques de fatigue ou de déplacement.This element constitutes the sealed means of sealing the panes on the frame and, between the panes, it forms a flexible membrane therefore one side is in contact with the outside air and the other side is in contact with the inside of the glazing. and which deforms under the effect of relative pressure variations. This solution has the disadvantage of causing efforts on the part of the element which forms the sealed means with risks of fatigue or displacement.

Le document US-A-4 065 894 décrit un vitrage dont l'encadrement, de préférence en bois, contient dans son épaisseur un logement qui est en communication avec l'extérieur par un conduit.Document US-A-4 065 894 describes a glazing whose frame, preferably made of wood, contains in its thickness a housing which is in communication with the outside by a conduit.

A l'intérieur de ce logement, est placée une vessie ou récipient en matière souple, dont l'intérieur est relié à l'intérieur du vitrage par un tube. Ce tube traverse un joint en matière élastomère qui sert à la fois à fournir l'étanchéité entre l'encadrement et l'intérieur du vitrage et à empêcher le rapprochement des vitres. L'encadrement comporte une rainure dans laquelle sont logés les bords des vitres et le joint en matière élastomère, les bords de cette rainure empêchent les vitres de s'écarter.Inside this housing is placed a bladder or container made of flexible material, the interior of which is connected to the interior of the glazing by a tube. This tube passes through a seal made of elastomeric material which serves both to provide the seal between the frame and the interior of the glazing and to prevent the windows from coming together. The frame has a groove in which are housed the edges of the panes and the seal made of elastomeric material, the edges of this groove prevent the panes from moving apart.

Ce dispositif permet d'obtenir un équilibrage efficace des pressions à l'intérieur et à l'extérieur mais il oblige à prévoir un encadrement volumineux. En effet, d'une part l'encadrement doit être assez grand pour contenir la cavité ou est placée la vessie, et cette cavité doit permettre les variations de volume de la vessie ; ces variations de volume augmentent si on augmente l'écart entre les vitres. D'autre part, comme les vitres sont maintenues par une rainure, l'encadrement a forcément une largeur supérieure à la distance entre les faces externes des vitres. Pour ces deux raisons, on est amené à limiter l'écart entre les vitres, ce qui réduit les qualités d'isolation thermique du vitrage.This device makes it possible to obtain an effective balancing of pressures inside and outside, but it requires the provision of a large frame. Indeed, on the one hand the frame must be large enough to contain the cavity where the bladder is placed, and this cavity must allow variations in the volume of the bladder; these volume variations increase if the difference between the panes is increased. On the other hand, like the windows are maintained by a groove, the frame necessarily has a width greater than the distance between the external faces of the windows. For these two reasons, it is necessary to limit the difference between the panes, which reduces the thermal insulation qualities of the glazing.

On a proposé par ailleurs des dispositions dans lesquelles les vitres d'un vitrage sont collées sur un profilé "écarteur" disposé entre allés (FR-A-L-433 252), le vitrage étant dépourvu d'organe d'équilibrage de pression. Il paraît possible, en utilisant cette technique, de réduire les efforts sur L'encadrement dus à une. surpression intérieure, et donc de réduire son épaisseur, mais il n'a jamais été :proposé de placer de tels vitrages autrement qu'à L'intérieur de rainures prévues dans l'encadrement. Ce système permettrait donc en théorie, d'augmenter L'écartement des vitres pour une épaisseur donnée de L'encadrement, mais celui-ci a cependant toujours une épaisseur supérieure à la distance entre faces extérieures des vitres. D'autre part, ce système n'apporte que peu de simplification au processus d'obtention et mise en place du vitrage.Provisions have also been proposed in which the panes of a glazing unit are glued to a "spacer" section disposed between aisles (FR-A-L-433,252), the glazing unit being devoid of any pressure balancing member. It seems possible, using this technique, to reduce the efforts on the Framing due to a. interior overpressure, and therefore to reduce its thickness, but it has never been: proposed to place such glazing other than inside grooves provided in the frame. This system would therefore theoretically allow the spacing of the panes to be increased for a given thickness of the frame, but the latter however always has a thickness greater than the distance between the outer faces of the panes. On the other hand, this system brings little simplification to the process of obtaining and installing the glazing.

Par ailleurs, il est de technique courante de fixer sur les encadrements des accessoires divers pour la coopération du vitrage avec une huisserie fixe, par exemple des gonds, des roulements, des moyens d'étanehéité, des pièces de serrurerie. Cela s'est fait depuis des temps très anciens avec des encadrements en bois et des vitres simples, et la technique a été simplement modernisée avec des vitrages à vitres multiples et des profilés métalliques ou autres ayant une conformation permettant L'accrochage des divers accessoires.Furthermore, it is common technique to fix on the frames various accessories for the cooperation of the glazing with a fixed frame, for example hinges, bearings, means of etanehéité, pieces of locksmithing. This has been done since very ancient times with wooden frames and simple panes, and the technique has been simply modernized with multiple panes of glazing and metal or other profiles having a conformation allowing the attachment of various accessories.

Cela aboutit finalement à une construction coûteuse, car elle comporte de multiples étapes, les unes exécutées en usine, les autres sur le chantier.This ultimately results in costly construction, as it involves multiple stages, some performed in the factory, others on the job site.

Le but de l'invention est de fournir un vitrage qui, à la-fois, soit de qualité supérieure à ceux de l'art antérieur, en ce qui concerne ses propriétés d'isolation thermique, grâce à un écartement des vitres augmenté, et d'obtention simplifiée et de coût de revient réduit.The object of the invention is to provide glazing which, at the same time, is of higher quality than that of the prior art, as regards its thermal insulation properties, thanks to an increased spacing of the panes, and simplified production and reduced cost price.

L'invention a également pour but de fournir un procédé simple d'obtention d'un tel vitrage.The invention also aims to provide a simple method for obtaining such glazing.

L'invention fournit donc un vitrage constitué par deux vitres disposées en regard et maintenues par un encadrement rigide pourvu de moyens d'étanchéité, cet encadrement étant pourvu d'au moins un organe déformable et étanche d'équilibrage de pression entre l'extérieur et l'intérieur du vitrage, cet organe étant indépendant desdits moyens d'étanchéité, qui présente pour particularité que :

  • - l'encadrement est constitué par des profilés qui viennent en appui sur les faces intérieures des vitres et sont fixés sur elles par un scellement qui empêche les vitres de s'écarter,
  • - l'organe d'équilibrage de pression est placé à l'intérieur du vitrage par rapport auxdits profilés
  • - les profilés présentent vers l'extérieur du vitrage, une conformation permettant l'accrochage direct d'accessoires pour la coopération du vitrage avec une huisserie fixe.
The invention therefore provides a glazing consisting of two panes arranged opposite and maintained by a rigid frame provided with sealing means, this frame being provided with at least one deformable and sealed member for balancing pressure between the outside and inside the glazing, this member being independent of said sealing means, which has the particularity that:
  • - the frame is made up of profiles which come to bear on the inside faces of the panes and are fixed to them by a seal which prevents the panes from moving apart,
  • - the pressure balancing member is placed inside the glazing with respect to said profiles
  • - the profiles present towards the outside of the glazing, a conformation allowing the direct attachment of accessories for the cooperation of the glazing with a fixed frame.

Par scellement, on entend ici un moyen non mécanique qui assure une fixation définitive de la vitre sur le profilé, par exemple un collage. Le scellement peut assurer, en outre, une fonction d'étanchéité, mais il peut être avantageux de prévoir un moyen d'étanchéité complémentaire, par exemple en une matière présentant une grande étanchéité à la vapeur d'eau.By sealing, is meant here a non-mechanical means which ensures a final fixing of the glass on the profile, for example a bonding. The sealing can also provide a sealing function. chewiness, but it may be advantageous to provide an additional sealing means, for example of a material having a great seal against water vapor.

La combinaison des éléments qu'on vient d'énoncer procure les avantages suivants :

  • - le fait que les profilés constituant l'encadrement sont scellés sur la face intérieure des vitres permet d'écarter les vitres jusqu'à ce que leurs faces extérieures soient dans les plans qui définissent les limites de l'encombrement du vitrage, autrement dit, l'écartement des vitres est le maximum possible pour une épaisseur totale du vitrage qui est fixée par ailleurs.
The combination of the elements just mentioned provides the following advantages:
  • the fact that the profiles constituting the frame are sealed on the inner face of the panes makes it possible to separate the panes until their outer faces are in the planes which define the limits of the overall dimensions of the glazing, in other words, the spacing of the windows is the maximum possible for a total thickness of the glazing which is fixed elsewhere.

Il en résulte un accroissement considérable du volume de l'espace intérieur, et donc des possibilités d'isolation thermique et acoustique du vitrage, moyennant pose d'éléments intercalaires.

  • - le fait que l'organe d'équilibrage de pression est placé à l'intérieur du vitrage permet de prévoir sa mise en place en usine tout en évitant les problèmes de protection mécanique de cet organe lors du transport et lors de la fixation de divers accessoires. Il permet, en outre, d'alléger et de simplifier le profilé.
  • - le fait que le même profilé combine les fonctions d'"écarteur" avec celle de support des accessoires aboutit à une simplification importante de la construction et à un abaissement du coût. Il est en effet possible de réaliser directement en usine le vitrage "auto-porteur" avec ses accessoires, le travail sur le chantier se bornant à le mettre en place dans son huisserie.
This results in a considerable increase in the volume of the interior space, and therefore in the possibilities of thermal and acoustic insulation of the glazing, by fitting intermediate elements.
  • - The fact that the pressure balancing member is placed inside the glazing makes it possible to provide for its installation in the factory while avoiding the problems of mechanical protection of this member during transport and when fixing various accessories. It also makes it possible to lighten and simplify the profile.
  • - The fact that the same profile combines the functions of "spacer" with that of supporting accessories leads to a significant simplification of construction and a lowering of the cost. It is indeed possible to produce "self-supporting" glazing directly with the accessories, with accessories, work on the site being limited to putting it in place in its frame.

Ce résultat ne peut être atteint, comme on l'a vu que par la coopération des différents éléments de l'invention.This result can only be achieved, as we have seen, through the cooperation of the different elements of the invention.

Suivant un mode préféré de réalisation, les profilés constituant l'encadrement sont entièrement contenus dans l'intervalle défini par les plans des faces extérieures des vitres.According to a preferred embodiment, the profiles constituting the frame are entirely contained in the interval defined by the planes of the external faces of the panes.

De préférence, il est prévu un moyen de protection de l'organe d'équilibrage de pression contre les rayonnements pénétrant à travers les vitres, ce moyen de protection divisant l'espace intérieur du vitrage en deux chambres communicantes et soumises à la même pression et dont l'une est périphérique et contient ledit organe d'équilibrage. Ce moyen de protection délimite la périphérie du vitrage et la partie de ce dernier qui est transparente à la lumière. Il a pour principale utilité de prolonger la durée de vie de l'organe d'équilibrage de pression- Cet organe est constamment sollicité mécaniquement pendant L'existence du vitrage, et il faut éviter que l'action du rayonnement solaire diminue sa souglesse et son étanchéité. Le moyen de protection, présente aussiLun intérêt esthétique, car il masque aux regards l'organe de protection.Preferably, means are provided for protecting the pressure balancing member against radiation penetrating through the panes, this protective means dividing the interior space of the glazing into two communicating chambers and subjected to the same pressure and one of which is peripheral and contains said balancing member. This protective means delimits the periphery of the glazing and the part of the latter which is transparent to light. Its main purpose is to extend the life of the pressure-balancing member. sealing. The means of protection is also of aesthetic interest, since it hides the protective element from view.

Avantageusement, ledit moyen de protection est constitué par au moins un profilé auxiliaire, supporté avec jeu par deux ailes d'un profilé d'encadrement, et qui porte éventuellement des dispositifs additionnels placés à l'intérieur du vitrage.Advantageously, said protective means consists of at least one auxiliary profile, supported with play by two wings of a framing profile, and which optionally carries additional devices placed inside the glazing.

Suivant une autre modalité très avantageuse, la chambre périphérique contient, outre l'organe d'équilibrage, une charge de substance déshydratante et il est prévu dans un profilé, à proximité de ladite charge de substance déshydratante au moins un orifice pourvu d'un moyen d'obturation étanche qu'on peut enlever pour procéder au renouvellement de ladite charge.According to another very advantageous method, the peripheral chamber contains, in addition to the balancing member, a charge of desiccant substance and there is provided in a profile, near said charge of desiccant substance at least one orifice provided with a means waterproof shutter that can be removed to renew said charge.

Le même profilé de protection assure donc, outre la protection de l'organe d'équilibrage de pression, la dissimulation de la charge déshydratante et éventuellement son maintien. Il est évident que cette charge doit être placée de façon à ne pas entraver le fonctionnement de l'organe d'équili- brage. On notera à ce propos que la quantité de vapeur d'eau qui pénètre dans un double vitrage dépend essentiellement de la longueur des joints et non du volume entre vitres. Par suite, quand l'écart entre vitres augmente, la quantité de déshydratant ne change pas. La charge peut donc être placée de façon à occulter une partie plus faible de la surface vitrée.The same protective profile therefore ensures, in addition to the protection of the pressure balancing member, the concealment of the desiccant load and possibly its maintenance. It is obvious that this charge should be placed so as not to impede the functioning of the body of e q uili- bration. Note in this regard that the amount of water vapor entering a double glazing depends essentially on the length of the joints and not on the volume between panes. As a result, when the gap between panes increases, the amount of desiccant does not change. The load can therefore be placed so as to obscure a smaller part of the glass surface.

D'autre part, comme le renouvellement de la charge est opéré par un moyen indépendant de l'organe d'équilibrage de pression, celui-ci ne risque pas d'être détérioré pendant l'opération.On the other hand, as the renewal of the load is operated by a means independent of the pressure balancing member, the latter is not likely to be damaged during the operation.

Un autre avantage de la disposition décrite réside dans le fait qu'on peut prévoir que des boîtiers de roulement ou d'autres accessoires pour la coopération du vitrage avec une huisserie fixe, portés par un profilé pénètrent dans ladite chambre sans toutefois porter atteinte à son étanchéité vis-à-vis de l'extérieur.Another advantage of the arrangement described lies in the fact that provision can be made for rolling housings or other accessories for the cooperation of the glazing with a fixed frame, carried by a profile, penetrate into said chamber without, however, affecting its sealing against the outside.

Cette modalité est rendue possible à la fois par le plus grand écartement des vitres, qui devient supérieur à l'épaisseur d'un boîtier de roulement et par le fait que les profilés d'encadrement combinent les fonctions d"'écarteur" et de support des accessoires. On notera que, pour assurer une bonne étanchéité, les bottiers de roulement et accessoires analogues seront avantageusement mis en place en usine.This method is made possible both by the greater spacing of the panes, which becomes greater than the thickness of a bearing housing and by the fact that the framing profiles combine the functions of "spacer" and support. accessories. It will be noted that, in order to ensure a good seal, the bearing shells and the like will advantageously be fitted in the factory.

L'invention fournit encore un procédé de fabrication d'un vitrage tel que l'on vient de le définir.The invention also provides a method of manufacturing a glazing as has just been defined.

Ce procédé est du type selon lequel on assemble par collage les profils entre eux et avec les deux vitres en formant un ensemble étanche, et il présente pour particularités : qu'on munit au préalable les profilés du ou des organes d'équilibrage de pression, et après le collage, on crée une différence de pression entre les deux faces du ou des organes d'équilibrage, à l'aide d'un orifice obturable prévu dans un profilé et communiquant avec l'intérieur du vitrage, cette différence de pression étant calculée et l'on amène ledit organe ou lesdits organes d'équilibrage dans une conformation sensiblement la même que leur conformation moyenne lors de l'utilisation et l'on obture la communication de l'intérieur du vitrage avec l'extérieur au moins jusqu'au moment de l'utilisation du vitrage.This process is of the type according to which the profiles are assembled by gluing together and with the two panes of glass, forming a sealed assembly, and it has the following particularities: that the profiles are first provided with the pressure balancing member or members, and after bonding, a pressure difference is created between the two faces of the balancing member (s), using a closable orifice provided in a profile and communicating with the interior of the glazing, this pressure difference being calculated and the said balancing member or members are brought into a conformation substantially the same as their average conformation during use and the communication between the interior of the glazing and the exterior is closed at least up to when using the glazing.

La manière la plus simple, mais non la seule de mettre en oeuvre le procédé est la suivante : après le collage et la mise en place de la charge déshydratante, un obturateur, par exemple celui destiné au renouvellement de cette charge, est enlevé, ou n'est pas mis en place. L'intérieur du vitrage est alors en liaison avec l'atmosphère environnante, qui est avantageusement un gaz sec comme de l'azote. On porte alors l'intérieur de l'organe d'équilibrage à une pression différente, calculée comme on l'a dit plus haut. Pour cela, le conduit destiné à assurer la liaison de l'organe d'équilibrage avec l'atmosphère pendant son fonctionnement est relié à une source de pression convenable, par exemple une bouteille de gaz, au moyen d'un conduit muni d'un moyen d'obturation provisoire. On ferme ensuite ce moyen d'obturation, ainsi que l'obturateur mentionné plus haut. Les deux faces de l'organe d'équilibrage sont ainsi rendues indépendantes de l'atmosphère. A l'installation sur le site d'utilisation, par exemple en montagne, il suffit d'ouvrir ou d'enlever le moyen d'obturation provisoire.The simplest, but not the only, way to carry out the process is as follows: after bonding and placing of the desiccant charge, a shutter, for example that intended for the renewal of this charge, is removed, or is not in place. The interior of the glazing is then connected to the surrounding atmosphere, which is advantageously a dry gas such as nitrogen. The interior of the balancing member is then brought to a different pressure, calculated as mentioned above. For this, the conduit intended to ensure the connection of the balancing member with the atmosphere during its operation is connected to a suitable pressure source, for example a gas cylinder, by means of a conduit provided with a provisional filling means. We are closing then this shutter means, as well as the shutter mentioned above. The two faces of the balancing member are thus made independent of the atmosphere. Upon installation at the site of use, for example in the mountains, it suffices to open or remove the temporary closure means.

L'invention va maintenant être décrite plus en détail à l'aide d'exemples pratiques donnés à titre non limitatif et illustrés aux dessins parmi lesquels :

  • - Fig. 1 est une coupe transversale d'un bord d'un vitrage selon l'invention, montrant l'organe d'équilibrage lors d'une surpression intérieure,
  • - Fig. 2 est une coupe analogue à celle de la fig. 1, mais dans le cas d'une surpression extérieurs ;
  • - Fig. 3 est une coupe analogue à celle de la fig. 1 mais faite au niveau de la masse déshydratante ;
  • - Fig. 4 est une coupe verticale du bord inférieur d'un vitrage muni d'accessoires pour l'utilisation en panneau coulissant et d'un écran ;
  • - Fig. 5 est une coupe verticale du haut d.'un vitrage montrant un écran replié :
  • - Fig. 6 est une coupe horizontale du bord d'un vitrage muni d'accessoires pour l'utilisation en fenêtre battante ;
  • - Fig. 7 est une coupe du bord d'un autre mode d'exécution du vitrage selon l'invention.
The invention will now be described in more detail using practical examples given without limitation and illustrated in the drawings, among which:
  • - Fig. 1 is a cross section of an edge of a glazing according to the invention, showing the balancing member during an internal overpressure,
  • - Fig. 2 is a section similar to that of FIG. 1, but in the case of an external overpressure;
  • - Fig. 3 is a section similar to that of FIG. 1 but made at the level of the desiccant mass;
  • - Fig. 4 is a vertical section of the lower edge of a glazing unit fitted with accessories for use as a sliding panel and a screen;
  • - Fig. 5 is a vertical section from the top of a window showing a folded screen:
  • - Fig. 6 is a horizontal section of the edge of a glazing unit fitted with accessories for use in a casement window;
  • - Fig. 7 is a section through the edge of another embodiment of the glazing according to the invention.

Sur toutes les figures, les mêmes repères désignent des objets analogues. Le vitrage objet de la fig. 1 est formé de deux vitres 1 rectangulaires et identiques, qui sont reliées sur leurs bords par des profilés d'encadrement 2 qui ont tous sensiblement la même structure.In all the figures, the same references designate similar objects. The glazing object of fig. 1 is formed by two identical and rectangular panes 1 which are connected at their edges by framing profiles 2 which all have substantially the same structure.

Chaque profilé d'encadrement 2 est composé de deux profilés d'aluminium 3, identiques, disposés symétriquement et reliés par une âme centrale 4 en résine à faible conductivité thermique et sonique, cette structure évitant l'apparition de pont thermique . Par "aluminium", on entend bien entendu un alliage d'aluminium approprié,dont la composition peut varier selon les circonstances d'utilise- tion. D'autres métaux sont évidemment utilisables. Il serait évidemment possible de concevoir le profilé d'encadrement 2 en une seule pièce, en une matière ayant à la fois les propriétés mécaniques et d'isolation thermique et sonique convenables.Each frame profile 2 is composed of two identical aluminum profiles 3, arranged symmetrically and connected by a central core 4 of resin with low thermal and sonic conductivity, this structure avoiding the appearance of thermal bridge. By "aluminum" is understood, of course, an appropriate aluminum alloy, the composition of which may vary depending on the circumstances of use. Other metals are obviously usable. It would obviously be possible to design the framing profile 2 in one piece, in a material having both the mechanical properties and suitable thermal and sonic insulation.

Chaque profilé d'aluminium 3 comporte une rainure en queue d'aronde 5 pour l'ancrage de l'âme 4, cette âme est mise en place par coulée.Each aluminum section 3 has a dovetail groove 5 for anchoring the core 4, this core is put in place by casting.

Au voisinage de l'âme 4, les profilés d'aluminium 3 comportent, dans une direction opposée aux vitres 1 et dans une direction opposée à l'âme 4, des rainures 6, 7 qui sont destinées à l'accrochage d'accessoires devant coopérer par exemple avec une menuiserie fixe comme un dormant de fenêtre ou porte.In the vicinity of the core 4, the aluminum profiles 3 comprise, in a direction opposite to the panes 1 and in a direction opposite to the core 4, grooves 6, 7 which are intended for the attachment of accessories in front cooperate for example with a fixed joinery such as a window or door frame.

La largeur totale du profilé d'encadrement 2 est sensiblement égale à la distance entre les faces extérieures 8 des vitres 1.The total width of the framing profile 2 is substantially equal to the distance between the exterior faces 8 of the panes 1.

Les profilés d'aluminium 3 présentent chacun une aile 9, qui avance entre les vitres 1 et donne à la section du profilé d'encadrement 2 une forme générale en U. Les vitres 1 sont fixées par leur bord sur le profilé d'encadrement au moyen d'un joint 10 en silicone extrudé, qui assure un scellement souple et une première barrière d'étanchéité à la vapeur d'eau. En outre, une lame 11, en butyl extrudé à chaud, est intercalée et serrée entre chaque aile 9 et la face intérieure de la vitre 1 correspondante, pour constituer une seconde barrière contre la vapeur d'eau.The aluminum profiles 3 each have a wing 9, which advances between the panes 1 and gives the section of the framing profile 2 a general U-shape. The panes 1 are fixed by their edge to the framing profile at by means of a seal 10 in extruded silicone, which ensures a seal flexible and a first water vapor barrier. In addition, a blade 11, made of hot extruded butyl, is interposed and clamped between each wing 9 and the inner face of the corresponding window 1, to form a second barrier against water vapor.

L'extrémité de chaque aile comporte une rainure 12 sur sa face tournée vers l'intérieur. Dans chacune de ces rainures pénètre un saillant 13 d'un profilé auxiliaire 14 en polychlorure de vinyle. Il est important de noter que les saillants 13 pénètrent dans chaque rainure 12 avec un jeu appréciable, tant dans le sens parallèle que dans le sens perpendiculaire à la direction des vitres. Ce profilé auxiliaire n'est jamais parfaitement plan, du fait des différences de température entre ses faces. En outre, sa longueur est un peu plus faible que celle du profilé 2 pour tenir compte de la différence des coefficients de dilatation. Pour ces raisons, la liaison entre le profilé d'encadrement 2 et le profilé auxiliaire 14 n'est jamais étanche.The end of each wing has a groove 12 on its side facing inward. In each of these grooves penetrates a projection 13 of an auxiliary profile 14 of polyvinyl chloride. It is important to note that the projections 13 penetrate into each groove 12 with appreciable play, both in the parallel direction and in the direction perpendicular to the direction of the panes. This auxiliary profile is never perfectly flat, due to the temperature differences between its faces. In addition, its length is slightly shorter than that of profile 2 to take account of the difference in the expansion coefficients. For these reasons, the connection between the framing profile 2 and the auxiliary profile 14 is never waterproof.

Le profilé auxiliaire 14 divise l'espace intérieur défini par les vitres 1 et les profils 2 en une chambre périphérique 15 et une chambre centrale 16 (fig. 2). Ces deux chambres sont toujours en communication pour les raisons qu'on vient d'expliquer.The auxiliary profile 14 divides the interior space defined by the panes 1 and the profiles 2 into a peripheral chamber 15 and a central chamber 16 (fig. 2). These two rooms are always in communication for the reasons just explained.

Le profilé auxiliaire 14 porte, sur sa face opposée au profilé d'encadrement 2, deux ailes 17 à section à angle droit, dont les extrémités sont amincies et rapprochées l'une de l'autre. Sur la figure 1, ces deux ailes 17 maintiennent entre- elles un film anti-convection tendu 18 en matière transparente, claire ou teintée. Sur la figure 2, les deux ailes 17 sont inutilisées, sur la figure 3, elles maintiennent une troisième vitre 19.The auxiliary profile 14 carries, on its face opposite to the framing profile 2, two wings 17 with a right angle section, the ends of which are thinned and brought closer to one another. In FIG. 1, these two wings 17 hold together a stretched anti-convection film 18 made of material transparent, clear or tinted. In FIG. 2, the two wings 17 are unused, in FIG. 3, they maintain a third window 19.

L'âme 4 du profilé 2 est percée d'un trou 20 dans lequel est fixée de façon étanche, une poche 21 en forme de soufflet, en butyle de 0,3 à 1,5 mm d'épaisseur, montrée sur la fig. 1 sensiblement dans sa position de moindre volume et sur la fig. 2, dans sa position de plus grand volume, cette poche constitue l'organe d'équilibre de pression. L'intérieur de la poche 21 communique avec l'atmosphère extérieure par le trou 2a, alors que sa face extérieure est soumise à la pression qui règne dans les chambres 15 et 16, c'est-à-dire à la pression à l'intérieur du vitrage.The core 4 of the profile 2 is pierced with a hole 20 in which is sealed, a pocket 21 in the form of a bellows, made of 0.3 to 1.5 mm thick butyl, shown in FIG. 1 substantially in its position of least volume and in FIG. 2, in its position of greatest volume, this pocket constitutes the pressure balance member. The inside of the pocket 21 communicates with the outside atmosphere through the hole 2a, while its outside face is subjected to the pressure which prevails in the chambers 15 and 16, that is to say the pressure at the interior of the glazing.

La situation de la figure 1 correspond donc à une surpression intérieure, ou plus exactement,à des conditions qui conduiraient à une surpression en l'absence d'organe d'équilibrage de pression. Comme le montrent les figures, le profilé d'encadrement 2 et le profilé auxiliaire délimitent l'espace dans lequel peut opérer cet organe, et en même temps, ils s'opposent à ce que les rayonnements solaires ou autres qui auraient traversé les vitres puissent atteindre la poche 21.The situation in FIG. 1 therefore corresponds to an internal overpressure, or more exactly, to conditions which would lead to an overpressure in the absence of a pressure balancing member. As shown in the figures, the framing profile 2 and the auxiliary profile delimit the space in which this organ can operate, and at the same time, they are opposed to the fact that solar or other rays which have passed through the windows can reach pocket 21.

La figure 3 montre la chambre 15 occupée non pas par la poche 21 comme aux figures 1 et 2, mais par une masse 22 de matière déshydratante constituée ici d'un tamis moléculaire sous forme de granulés.FIG. 3 shows the chamber 15 occupied not by the pocket 21 as in FIGS. 1 and 2, but by a mass 22 of dehydrating material constituted here by a molecular sieve in the form of granules.

Des cloisons transversales appropriées, non représentées, empêchent évidemment cette matière déshydratante de venir se loger contre la poche 21 et d'empêcher son libre fonctionnement. Un trou 23 traverse l'âme 4 du profilé. Ce trou est fileté et obturé par un bouchon 24, étanche et vissé.Appropriate transverse partitions, not shown, obviously prevent this desiccant material from coming to lodge against the pocket 21 and preventing its free operation. A hole 23 passes through the core 4 of the profile. This hole is threaded and closed by a plug 24, tight and screwed.

L'enlèvement du bouchon 24 et l'extraction de la masse 22 par aspiration ou soutirage n'ont normalement lieu que lorsque celle-ci est épuisée et doit être changée, c'est-à-dire au bout d'un temps qui, ici, est de l'ordre de 10 ans.The removal of the plug 24 and the extraction of the mass 22 by suction or withdrawal normally take place only when the latter is exhausted and must be changed, that is to say after a time which, here is around 10 years.

La figure 4 montre la position d'accessoires pour l'utilisation du vitrage selon l'invention comme vitrage coulissant. Seule l'âme 4 du profilé d'encadrement est modifiée par rapport aux figures précédentes. Cette âme 4, en effet, comporte des encoches allongées 25 dans lesquelles sont montés des bottiers 26 munis de roulements 27. Chaque bottier 26 est fermé et étanche sauf du côté tourné vers l'extérieur, par lesquels les roulements 27 font saillie pour rouler sur un chemin de roulement 28 qui fait partie d'une huisserie fixe 29. Le bottier 26 comporte des ailes 30 qui viennent en appui sur les extrémités du profilé d'encadrement 2. Le fond 31 du bottier vient à proximité du profilé auxiliaire 14, si bien que pratiquement toute l'étendue de la chambre périphérique 15, en direction du centre du vitrage, est utilisée . La liaison entre le bottier 26 et l'âme 4 du profilé d'encadrement, au niveau de l'encoche 25 est étanche. Dans une variante, on peut prévoir que le bottier 26, qui porte les roulements, est amovible et qu'il est entouré, dans la chambre périphérique 15 d'un second bottier 32, qui est étanche et lié de façon étanche à l'âme 4. Le second bottier 32 est figuré en tirets sur la figure 4. Il peut être plus mince que le bottier 26, car il ne supporte pas d'efforts mécaniques. Cette variante est un peu plus compliquée mais elle permet le remplacement et le réglage facile des roulements. On notera que l'une ou L'autre des dispositions sont rendues possibles sans difficultés par le grand écartement des vitres. La surface transparente du vitrage s'étend ainsi pratiquement jusqu'au sommet du bottier 26.Figure 4 shows the position of accessories for the use of the glazing according to the invention as sliding glazing. Only the core 4 of the framing profile is modified compared to the previous figures. This core 4, in fact, has elongated notches 25 in which are mounted booters 26 provided with bearings 27. Each boot 26 is closed and sealed except on the side facing outwards, by which the bearings 27 protrude to roll on a raceway 28 which is part of a fixed frame 29. The case 26 has wings 30 which come to bear on the ends of the frame profile 2. The bottom 31 of the case comes close to the auxiliary section 14, if although practically the entire extent of the peripheral chamber 15, towards the center of the glazing, is used. The connection between the boot 26 and the core 4 of the framing profile, at the level of the notch 25 is sealed. Alternatively, it can be provided that the boot 26, which carries the bearings, is removable and that it is surrounded in the peripheral chamber 15 by a second boot 32, which is sealed and tightly bonded to the core 4. The second shoemaker 32 is shown in dashed lines in FIG. 4. It can be thinner than shoemaker 26, because it does not support mechanical forces. This variant is a little more complicated but it allows easy replacement and adjustment of the bearings. Note that one or the other of the provisions are made possible without difficulty by the large spacing of the windows. The transparent surface of the glazing thus extends practically to the top of the case 26.

Sur la figure 4, on a également représenté des brosses d'étanchéité 33 montées dans les rainures 7 du profilé d'encadrement 2. Ces brosses sont les seuls éléments qui dépassent du plan des faces extérieures 8 des vitres 1. Elles assurent l'étanchéité aux courants d'air, comme cela est bien connu, et protègent les vitres 1 du contact avec l'huisserie fixe 29.In FIG. 4, sealing brushes 33 are also shown mounted in the grooves 7 of the framing profile 2. These brushes are the only elements which protrude from the plane of the external faces 8 of the panes 1. They ensure the sealing to air currents, as is well known, and protect the windows 1 from contact with the fixed frame 29.

Sur la même figure 4,on a représenté la partie inférieure d'un écran pliable 34, pare-soleil et de préférence réfléchissant. Le grand espacement entre vitres permet de donner à l'écran 34 une structure qui,en coupe, à l'état déployé, montre une série de nids d'abeille superposés.In the same Figure 4, there is shown the lower part of a foldable screen 34, sun visor and preferably reflective. The large spacing between panes makes it possible to give the screen 34 a structure which, in section, in the deployed state, shows a series of superimposed honeycombs.

L'écran 34 et tendu vers le bas par un profilé 35 qui, sur la figure 4, repose sur les-ailes 17 du profilé 14. Les bords verticaux de l'écran 34 sont guidés par les ailes 17 du profilé 14 situé sur les côtés du vitrage.The screen 34 and stretched downwards by a profile 35 which, in FIG. 4, rests on the wings 17 of the profile 14. The vertical edges of the screen 34 are guided by the wings 17 of the profile 14 located on the sides of the glazing.

La figure 5 montre le bord supérieur d'un vitrage équipé du même écran 34, qui est cette fois représenté à l'état replié. La chambre périphérique 15 est cette fois utilisée pour le logement d'une poulie 36 d'entrafnement des câbles de montée et descente de l'écran.FIG. 5 shows the upper edge of a glazing unit fitted with the same screen 34, which is this time shown in the folded state. The peripheral chamber 15 is this time used for housing a pulley 36 for entraining the cables for raising and lowering the screen.

L'âme 4 est entaillée pour laisser la place nécessaire à la poulie 36, mais l'entaille n'est pas traversante, afin de préserver l'étanchéité. Pour réduire l'encombrement de l'écran 34 à l'état replié, le profilé auxiliaire 14 est retourné, ses ailes 17 étant à l'intérieur de la chambre périphérique 15. Ces ailes sont échancrées au niveau de la poulie 36 pour laisser la place à celle-ci. Le profilé auxiliaire 14 porte par ailleurs les moyens d'accrochage 37 de l'écran 34.The core 4 is notched to leave the space necessary for the pulley 36, but the notch is not through, in order to preserve the seal. To reduce the size of the screen 3 4 in the state folded back, the auxiliary profile 14 is turned over, its wings 17 being inside the peripheral chamber 15. These wings are notched at the level of the pulley 36 to make room for the latter. The auxiliary profile 14 also carries the attachment means 37 of the screen 34.

L'arbre 38 de la poulie 36 est supporté par les profilés d'aluminium 9 du profilé d'encadrement, sans rupture d!étanchéité.The shaft 38 of the pulley 36 is supported by the aluminum profiles 9 of the framing profile, without breaking the seal!

Dans la version représentée sur la figure 5, l'arbre 38 traverse l'un des proflés 9 pour être relié à des moyens d'entraînement extérieurs (non représentés) au moyen d'un joint étanche constitué par un élargissement du joint silicone 10. Dans une autre version (non représentée) plus coûteuse, mais plus sure au point de vue de l'étanchéité, on profite de la grande largeur de la chambre 15 pour y loger un micro-moteur d'entraînement, dont les câbles d'alimentation traversent le profilé d'encadrement 2 par un joint étanche.In the version shown in FIG. 5 , the shaft 38 passes through one of the profiles 9 to be connected to external drive means (not shown) by means of a tight seal formed by an enlargement of the silicone seal 10. In another version (not shown) more expensive, but safer from the point of view of sealing, we take advantage of the large width of the chamber 15 to accommodate a micro-motor drive, including the power cables pass through the framing profile 2 by a tight seal.

La figure 6 montre l'utilisation des rainures 6, 7 du profilé d'encadrement 2 pour le maintien des accessoires pour utilisation du vitrage comme porte battante. D'un côté, un joint d'étanchéité extérieur souple 39 est ancré directement dans les rainures 6 et 7 et vient porter sur l'huisserie fixe 40. De l'autre côté, un profilé supplémentaire ou profilé de battement 41 est fixé dans une rainure 6, il porte un joint de montage, ou joint-clé 42 qui porte sur le bord de la vitre 1 correspondante, et un joint d'étanchéité intérieur 43, qui vient porter sur l'huisserie fixe 40.Figure 6 shows the use of grooves 6, 7 of the framing profile 2 for holding accessories for using the glazing as a hinged door. On one side, a flexible outer seal 39 is anchored directly in the grooves 6 and 7 and comes to bear on the fixed frame 40. On the other side, an additional profile or flapping profile 41 is fixed in a groove 6, it carries a mounting gasket, or key gasket 42 which bears on the edge of the corresponding window 1, and an internal gasket 43, which comes to bear on the fixed frame 40.

On a représenté en tirets la paumelle 44 qui vient se visser en 45 sur le profilé supplémentaire et se bloquer en 46 sur la rainure 7 du profilé d'encadrement 2.The hinge 44 is shown in dashed lines and is screwed at 45 onto the additional profile. and lock at 46 on the groove 7 of the framing profile 2.

La figure 6 montre également comment les ailes 17 du profilé auxiliaire 14 servent au guidage de l'écran 34 lorsqu'il est déployé. Ilest bien évident que les accessoires montrés sur cette figure auraient pu être montrés en même temps qu'un écran anti-convection tel que montré à la figure 1 ou une vitre supplémentaire telle que montré à la figure 3. On notera que la chambre 15, qui est représentée vide à la figure 6 peut contenir un organe d'équilibrage de pression ou une masse déshydratante ou d'autres accessoires fixes sur l'âme 4, en effet celle-ci demeure accessible sans démontage ou éventuellement avec le démontage du seul joint 39, ce qui est relativement facile.FIG. 6 also shows how the wings 17 of the auxiliary profile 14 serve to guide the screen 34 when it is deployed. It is quite obvious that the accessories shown in this figure could have been shown at the same time as an anti-convection screen as shown in FIG. 1 or an additional window as shown in FIG. 3. It will be noted that the chamber 15, which is shown empty in Figure 6 may contain a pressure balancing member or a desiccant mass or other fixed accessories on the core 4, in fact it remains accessible without disassembly or possibly with disassembly of the single seal 39, which is relatively easy.

La figure 7 montre une autre forme de réalisation du vitrage selon l'invention. L'épaisseur du vitrage est ici notablement plus grande que sur les figures précédentes, grâce à une conformation légèrement différente des profilés d'aluminium 3 et du profilé auxiliaire 14, les autres éléments restant les mêmes. Cela a permis de loger un organe d'équilibrage de pression plus volumineux et de prévoir plusieurs vitres supplémentaires 19a, 19b, 19c. On peut également prévoir plusieurs écrans anti-convection tels que l'écran 18. Les moyens, tels que des trous (non représentés) dans le profilé L4 sont prévus pour égaliser les pressions dans les compartiments délimités par les vitres supplémentaires ou les écrans supplémentaires. On peut également prévoir plusieurs écrans pliables tels que l'écran 34, ou bien combiner plusieurs de ces éléments. L'organe d'équilibrage de pression 21 est de dimensions augmentées et de forme adaptée.Figure 7 shows another embodiment of the glazing according to the invention. The thickness of the glazing is here notably greater than in the previous figures, thanks to a slightly different conformation of the aluminum profiles 3 and of the auxiliary profile 14, the other elements remaining the same. This made it possible to house a larger pressure balancing member and to provide several additional panes 19a, 19b, 19c. It is also possible to provide several anti-convection screens such as screen 18. The means, such as holes (not shown) in the profile L4 are provided to equalize the pressures in the compartments delimited by the additional panes or the additional screens. It is also possible to provide several foldable screens such as the screen 34, or else to combine several of these elements. The pressure balancing member 21 is of increased dimensions and of adapted shape.

Le vitrage de la figure 7 est représenté en association directe avec des éléments 47, 48 du gros-oeuvre du bâtiment, grâce à une pièce de fixation 49, qui coopère avec une rainure 6, et des joints 50, en appui sur les vitres 1.The glazing in FIG. 7 is shown in direct association with elements 47, 48 of the main structure of the building, by means of a fixing part 49, which cooperates with a groove 6, and seals 50, bearing on the panes 1 .

Claims (7)

1. Vitrage constitué par deux vitres disposées en regard et maintenues par un encadrement rigide pourvu de moyens d'étanchéité, cet encadrement étant pourvu d'au moins un organe déformable et étanche d'équilibrage de pression entre l'extérieur et l'intérieur du vitrage, cet organe étant indépendant desdits moyens d'étanchéité, caractérisé en ce que : - l'encadrement est constitué par des profilés qui viennent en appui sur les faces intérieures des vitres et sont fixés sur elles par un scellement qui empêche les vitres de s'écarter, - l'organe d'équilibrage de pression est placé à l'intérieur du vitrage par rapport auxdits profilés: - les profilés présentent vers l'extérieur du vitrage, une conformation permettant l'accrochage direct d'accessoires pour la coopération du vitrage avec une huisserie fixe. 1. Glazing consisting of two panes arranged facing each other and maintained by a rigid frame provided with sealing means, this frame being provided with at least one deformable and sealed member for balancing pressure between the outside and the inside of the glazing, this member being independent of said sealing means, characterized in that: - the frame is made up of profiles which come to bear on the inside faces of the panes and are fixed to them by a seal which prevents the panes from moving apart, the pressure balancing member is placed inside the glazing with respect to said sections: - the profiles present towards the outside of the glazing, a conformation allowing the direct attachment of accessories for the cooperation of the glazing with a fixed frame. 2. Vitrage selon la revendication 1, caractérisé en ce que les profilés constituant l'encadrement sont entièrement contenus dans l'intervalle défini par les plans des faces extérieures des vitres.2. Glazing according to claim 1, characterized in that the sections constituting the frame are entirely contained in the interval defined by the planes of the outer faces of the panes. 3. Vitrage selon la revendication 1 ou 2, caractérisé en ce qu'il est prévu un moyen de protection, l'organe d'équilibrage de pression contre les rayonnements pénétrant à travers les vitres, ce moyen de protection divisant l'espace intérieur du vitrage en deux chambres communicantes et soumises à la même pression et dont l'une est périphérique et contient ledit organe d'équilibrage.3. Glazing according to claim 1 or 2, characterized in that there is provided a means of protection, the pressure balancing member against radiation penetrating through the windows, this means of protection dividing the interior space of the glazing in two communicating chambers and subjected to the same pressure and one of which is peripheral and contains said balancing member. 4. Vitrage selon la revendication 3, caractérisé en ce que ledit moyen de protection est constitué par au moins un profilé auxiliaire, supporté avec jeu par deux ailes d'un profilé d'encadrement, et qui porte éventuellement des dispositifs additionnels placés à l'intérieur du vitrage.4. Glazing according to claim 3, characterized in that said protection means is constituted by at least one auxiliary profile, supported with clearance by two wings of a framing profile, and which optionally carries additional devices placed inside the glazing. 5. Vitrage selon l'une des revendications 3 ou 4, caractérisé en ce que ladite chambre périphérique contient, outre l'organe d'équilibrage, une charge de substance déshydratante, et en ce qu 'il est prévu dans un profilé,. à proximité de ladite charge de substance déshydratante au moins un orifice pourvu d'un moyen d'obturation étanche qu'on peut enlever pour procéder au renouvellement de ladite charge.5. Glazing according to one of claims 3 or 4, characterized in that said peripheral chamber contains, in addition to the balancing member, a charge of dehydrating substance, and in that it is provided in a profile ,. near said charge of dehydrating substance at least one orifice provided with a sealing means which can be removed to renew said charge. 6. Vitrage selon l'une des revendications 3 à 5, caractérisé en ce que des boîtiers de roulement ou d'autres accessoires pour la coopération du vitrage avec une huisserie fixe, portés par un profilé pénètrent dans ladite chambre sans toutefois porter atteinte à son étanchéité vis-à-vis de l'extérieur.6. Glazing according to one of claims 3 to 5, characterized in that rolling housings or other accessories for the cooperation of the glazing with a fixed frame, carried by a profile penetrate into said chamber without however affecting its sealing against the outside. 7. Procédé de fabrication d'un vitrage selon l'une des revendications 1 à 6, selon lequel on assemble par collage les profils entre eux et avec les deux vitres en formant un ensemble étanche, caractérisé en ce qu'on munit au préalable les profilés du ou des organes d'équilibrage de pression, et en ce qu'après le collage,on crée une différence de pression entre les deux faces du ou des organes d'équilibrage à l'aide d'un orifice obturable prévu dans un profilé et communiquant avec l'intérieur du vitrage, cette différence de pression étant calculée pour que, lors de 1'utilisation,la conformation moyenne dudit ou desdits organes d'équilibrage soit intermédiaire entre ses conformations extrêmes. et l'on obture la communication de l'intérieur du vitrage avec l'extérieur au moins jusqu'au moment de l'utilisation du vitrage.7. A method of manufacturing glazing according to one of claims 1 to 6, according to which the profiles are joined by gluing to each other and with the two panes, forming a sealed assembly, characterized in that the profiles of the pressure balancing member (s), and in that after bonding, a pressure difference is created between the two faces of the balancing member (s) using a closable orifice provided in a profile and communicating with the interior of the glazing, this pressure difference being calculated so that, during use, the average conformation of said balancing member or members is intermediate between its extreme conformations. and the communication between the interior of the glazing and the exterior is closed at least until the glazing is used.
EP84400617A 1983-03-28 1984-03-27 Double glazing and manufacturing process Expired EP0124397B1 (en)

Priority Applications (1)

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AT84400617T ATE27031T1 (en) 1983-03-28 1984-03-27 DOUBLE GLAZING AND MANUFACTURING PROCESS.

Applications Claiming Priority (2)

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FR8305053A FR2543608B1 (en) 1983-03-28 1983-03-28 "MENUISE" ENERGY GLAZING
FR8305053 1983-03-28

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EP0124397B1 EP0124397B1 (en) 1987-05-06

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EP (1) EP0124397B1 (en)
JP (1) JPS59190243A (en)
AT (1) ATE27031T1 (en)
DE (1) DE3463547D1 (en)
ES (1) ES278434Y (en)
FR (1) FR2543608B1 (en)

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FR2543608B1 (en) 1987-08-07
JPH0444625B2 (en) 1992-07-22
US4604840A (en) 1986-08-12
DE3463547D1 (en) 1987-06-11
ES278434Y (en) 1986-04-16
JPS59190243A (en) 1984-10-29
EP0124397B1 (en) 1987-05-06
ES278434U (en) 1985-08-01
FR2543608A1 (en) 1984-10-05
ATE27031T1 (en) 1987-05-15

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