EP0123350B1 - Flache Mikrowellenantenne mit einer völlig hängenden Mikrostreifengruppe - Google Patents
Flache Mikrowellenantenne mit einer völlig hängenden Mikrostreifengruppe Download PDFInfo
- Publication number
- EP0123350B1 EP0123350B1 EP84200521A EP84200521A EP0123350B1 EP 0123350 B1 EP0123350 B1 EP 0123350B1 EP 84200521 A EP84200521 A EP 84200521A EP 84200521 A EP84200521 A EP 84200521A EP 0123350 B1 EP0123350 B1 EP 0123350B1
- Authority
- EP
- European Patent Office
- Prior art keywords
- antenna
- conductors
- plates
- lines
- spacers
- Prior art date
- Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
- Expired
Links
Images
Classifications
-
- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01Q—ANTENNAS, i.e. RADIO AERIALS
- H01Q13/00—Waveguide horns or mouths; Slot antennas; Leaky-waveguide antennas; Equivalent structures causing radiation along the transmission path of a guided wave
- H01Q13/10—Resonant slot antennas
- H01Q13/18—Resonant slot antennas the slot being backed by, or formed in boundary wall of, a resonant cavity ; Open cavity antennas
-
- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01Q—ANTENNAS, i.e. RADIO AERIALS
- H01Q21/00—Antenna arrays or systems
- H01Q21/0006—Particular feeding systems
- H01Q21/0075—Stripline fed arrays
- H01Q21/0081—Stripline fed arrays using suspended striplines
Definitions
- the present invention relates to a flat microwave antenna composed of radiating elements of microwave signals, this antenna consisting of at least two conductive plates in which recesses are provided opposite one another, and being such that, between each pair of successive plates, is enclosed a dielectric sheet carrying a network of conductors forming with these plates lines of the so-called triplate type, the ends of these conductors being arranged opposite the recesses to form with the latter the radiating elements.
- This publication describes a planar antenna comprising radiating elements of microwave signals, consisting of two conductive plates in which recesses are provided facing each other and a network of microstrip conductors, forming transmission lines of the so-called triplate type, that is to say constituted by the succession of the first of the two conductive plates forming a ground plane, of a first thick layer of dielectric material, of the network of microstrip conductors, of a second thick layer of dielectric material and of the second of the two plates forming a second ground plane, these various layers and plates being applied one on the other.
- the ends of the microstrip conductors are arranged opposite the recesses to form the radiating elements with the latter.
- These radiating elements can be of circular or rectangular section.
- the antenna radiates a linearly polarized wave. Impedence matching can be obtained by adjusting the penetration length of the end of the microstrip conductor in the opening of the plates, or by adjusting the distance between the microstrip conductors and the short-circuit plane closing the opposite opening at the radiant opening.
- the dielectric substrates used are all thick.
- the losses increasing with the thickness of the dielectric substrate which supports the conductors it is desirable not to use a large thickness so as not to exceed for said losses a permitted limit.
- the invention aims to provide a device allowing the establishment of the conductors of the lines by overcoming the drawbacks described above.
- each dielectric sheet is thin and is held between the plates which enclose it only by positioning pads integral with the opposite faces of these plates, arranged in screws -on either side of this dielectric sheet, these studs thus coupled being further disposed relative to this sheet in spaces devoid of conductors, and the pairs of studs being distant from each other so that at least two radiating elements are positioned between two pairs of successive studs.
- pairs of studs are in sufficient number, although being distant from each other, to ensure the rigidity of the assembly.
- each microwave network of the antenna functions as a network of "completely suspended microstrip lines", that is to say as a network of "suspended microstrip lines” placed in cavities the width of which would be infinite, or else may be assimilated to triplate lines having air as a dielectric.
- the positioning pads are machined independently of the plates and then adjusted thereon.
- the positioning pads are an integral part of the plates which enclose the sheets of printed circuits and are produced in the same machining operation.
- the pairs of positioning pads are preferably regularly spaced due to the periodic structure of the networks of central conductors.
- the dielectric carrying the printed circuits forming the networks of microstrip conductors with a thickness of between 50 and 100 ⁇ m, which is sufficient to ensure its rigidity, while limiting losses in the transmission lines which are also proportional to the thickness of the dielectric.
- Figures 1a and 1b show in section a antenna comprising two networks of microwave lines, produced according to the invention.
- Figure 1a shows a section along an axis XX 'and Figure 1b along an axis YY' perpendicular to XX '.
- FIGS. 2a and 2b represent, seen from above, portions of the two networks of microstrip conductors of the microwave lines of this antenna and show the axes XX 'and YY' along which the cuts 1a and 1b are made respectively.
- FIG. 3a represents (in solid lines) the curve of the variations of the impedance Z o , in ohms, of a transmission line with central conductor constituted by a suspended microstrip line, as a function of the width a in millimeters (mm) of the groove which contains the central conductor.
- FIG. 3b represents in cross section of a transmission line with central conductor constituted by a suspended microstrip line.
- FIG. 4a represents the variation of the total attenuation factor ⁇ t in decibels per meter (dB / m) as a function of the thickness e in ⁇ m of the dielectric substrate carrying the printed circuit of microstrip conductors.
- FIG. 4b represents a cross section of a transmission line constituted by a completely suspended microstrip line according to the invention.
- the antenna comprises the following elements: on either side of a middle layer 10, in which a series of recesses is provided 11, a dielectric sheet (20 and 30) is successively placed carrying a network of printed conductors of microstrip lines (22 for sheet 20 and 32 for sheet 30) and another layer (40 and 50) pierced with another series of recesses (41 for layer 40 and 51 for layer 50) placed in the extension of the recesses 11.
- the layers 10, 30 and 40 are made of a metallic material or a metallized dielectric.
- Each network of transmission lines is arranged so that the end (21 for a conductor of the sheet 20 and 31 for a conductor of the sheet 30) of each printed conductor is in regad of a recess 11 so as to produce with this recess a coupling allowing the reception or the emission of the microwave signals.
- Maintaining the dielectric sheets 20 and 30, between layers 10 and 40 on the one hand, and between layers 10 and 50 on the other hand, is achieved by means of a series of associated positioning pads 15 and 16 to layer 10, on either side thereof and placed opposite studs 45 and 55, associated respectively with layers 40 and 50.
- FIGS. 2a and 2b which respectively represent a portion of the dielectric sheet 20 and of the dielectric sheet 30, the repetitive configuration of the antenna circuits makes it possible to find, between the printed conductors 22 and 32, empty spaces in sufficient large number so that the pairs of studs ensure the rigidity of the assembly, although being distant from each other.
- FIGS. 2a and 2b are shown, in addition to the circuits 22 and 32 in solid lines, the projection of the openings 11 in dotted lines, and the projection of the pairs of hatched positioning pads.
- FIGS. 2a and 2b show the axes XX ′ and YY ′ along which the cuts represented by FIGS. 1a and 1b are made respectively, the recesses 11 a, 11 b and 11 c in FIGS. 1 a and 1 b correspond to the recesses with the same reference in FIGS. 2a and 2b.
- clips 60 are provided for aligning the coupled pads 15 and 45 on the one hand, and 16 and 55 on the other hand, as well as the circuits carried by the sheets 20 and 30 respectively. These clips also prevent further displacement of the various elements with respect to each other.
- FIG. 3a shows that the total attenuation factor a, in the lines decreases as a function of the width a of the grooves which contain the central conductors to reach a low value which remains roughly stationary when the value of a exceeds 6 mm.
- FIG. 3a also shows that such a variation in the width a only causes an increase of approximately 10 ohms in the value of the line impedance Z o , which does not present any drawback.
- FIGS. 1a and 1b show that, in the device according to the invention, the width has grooves which contain the central conductors, is equivalent to the distance between two pairs of positioning pads and can be considered very large compared to the width of the groove as shown in Figure 3b. Indeed, at least two elements of the assembly formed by the recesses 11 and the lines 22 or 32 of the network of conductors are then positioned between two pairs of successive studs. Under these conditions, the dielectric substrate being thin, the main dielectric is air, and the microwave line can be likened to a "three-plate line having air as a dielectric", or even to a "fully suspended microstrip line". The loss factor due to the width of the grooves and the dielectric substrate is minimal.
- a thickness of the substrate of between 50 and 100 ⁇ m, sufficient to ensure its rigidity, the losses due to the thickness of this dielectric can then be considered as minimal.
- the efficiency of an antenna produced according to the invention is improved.
- the positioning pads can be produced independently of the plates 10, 40 and 50, and then adjusted thereon. More favorably, they can also form an integral part of the plates and be produced in a single machining operation, with somewhat strict tolerances. This being added to the fact that their positioning can have a periodic shape, since the configuration of the conductor circuits between which they are placed is repetitive (FIG. 2), so that the industrial manufacture of the parts constituting an antenna according to the invention is greatly simplified.
- the assembly of the different elements, relative to each other is also made quick and easy, thanks to the alignment clips and the fact that the positioning tolerances are not very strict.
- the present invention is not limited to an antenna with two networks of microwave lines. If it is desired to have a planar antenna intended to receive or transmit microwave signals of a single type of polarization, said antenna can be obtained from that which has been described previously, by simply omitting the middle layer 10 , one of the two dielectric sheets 20 or 30 carrying one of the networks of central supply line conductors, and placing the positioning pads accordingly.
Landscapes
- Waveguide Aerials (AREA)
- Variable-Direction Aerials And Aerial Arrays (AREA)
Claims (5)
Applications Claiming Priority (2)
Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
---|---|---|---|
FR8306650A FR2544920B1 (fr) | 1983-04-22 | 1983-04-22 | Antenne plane hyperfrequences a reseau de lignes a substrat completement suspendu |
FR8306650 | 1983-04-22 |
Publications (2)
Publication Number | Publication Date |
---|---|
EP0123350A1 EP0123350A1 (de) | 1984-10-31 |
EP0123350B1 true EP0123350B1 (de) | 1987-09-02 |
Family
ID=9288127
Family Applications (1)
Application Number | Title | Priority Date | Filing Date |
---|---|---|---|
EP84200521A Expired EP0123350B1 (de) | 1983-04-22 | 1984-04-12 | Flache Mikrowellenantenne mit einer völlig hängenden Mikrostreifengruppe |
Country Status (5)
Country | Link |
---|---|
US (1) | US4614947A (de) |
EP (1) | EP0123350B1 (de) |
JP (1) | JPS59207706A (de) |
DE (1) | DE3465841D1 (de) |
FR (1) | FR2544920B1 (de) |
Cited By (5)
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US7034765B2 (en) | 2003-09-30 | 2006-04-25 | Lucent Technologies Inc. | Compact multiple-band antenna arrangement |
US7663566B2 (en) | 2005-10-16 | 2010-02-16 | Starling Advanced Communications Ltd. | Dual polarization planar array antenna and cell elements therefor |
US7768469B2 (en) | 2003-02-18 | 2010-08-03 | Starling Advanced Communications Ltd. | Low profile antenna for satellite communication |
US8964891B2 (en) | 2012-12-18 | 2015-02-24 | Panasonic Avionics Corporation | Antenna system calibration |
US9583829B2 (en) | 2013-02-12 | 2017-02-28 | Panasonic Avionics Corporation | Optimization of low profile antenna(s) for equatorial operation |
Families Citing this family (75)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
FR2569907B1 (fr) * | 1984-08-31 | 1987-10-09 | Loire Electronique | Dispositif de reception de signaux hyperfrequences a double polarisation |
FR2582865B1 (fr) * | 1985-06-04 | 1987-07-31 | Labo Electronique Physique | Modules unitaires d'antenne hyperfrequences et antenne hyperfrequences comprenant de tels modules |
CA1266325A (en) * | 1985-07-23 | 1990-02-27 | Fumihiro Ito | Microwave antenna |
FR2592233B1 (fr) * | 1985-12-20 | 1988-02-12 | Radiotechnique Compelec | Antenne plane hyperfrequences recevant simultanement deux polarisations. |
FR2592232B1 (fr) * | 1985-12-20 | 1988-02-12 | Radiotechnique Compelec | Antenne plane hyperfrequences a reseau de lignes a substrat suspendu et methode pour en fabriquer un constituant. |
JPH0720008B2 (ja) * | 1986-02-25 | 1995-03-06 | 松下電工株式会社 | 平面アンテナ |
JPS62222702A (ja) * | 1986-03-25 | 1987-09-30 | Sony Corp | 平面アレイアンテナ |
FR2596585B1 (fr) * | 1986-03-26 | 1988-09-16 | Alcatel Thomson Faisceaux | Antenne reseau sur circuit imprime |
FR2599899B1 (fr) * | 1986-06-05 | 1989-09-15 | Emmanuel Rammos | Antenne plane a reseau avec conducteurs d'alimentation imprimes a faible perte et paires incorporees de fentes superposees rayonnantes a large bande |
AU603103B2 (en) * | 1986-06-05 | 1990-11-08 | Sony Corporation | Microwave antenna |
FR2623336B2 (fr) * | 1986-06-05 | 1990-04-06 | Rammos Emmanuel | Antenne plane a microruban suspendu, et plans de masse autoporteurs a fentes rayonnantes epaisses, sans plots de positionnement |
ES2046211T3 (es) * | 1986-06-05 | 1994-02-01 | Emmanuel Rammos | Elemento de antena con microcinta suspendida entre dos planos de masa autoportadores perforados de huecos radiantes superpuestos, y procedimiento de fabricacion. |
FR2609577B2 (fr) * | 1987-01-09 | 1990-04-27 | Rammos Emmanuel | Antenne plane a reseau avec conducteurs d'alimentation imprimes a faible perte et paires incorporees de fentes superposees rayonnantes a large bande |
GB8619680D0 (en) * | 1986-08-13 | 1986-09-24 | Collins J L F C | Flat plate array |
US4829309A (en) * | 1986-08-14 | 1989-05-09 | Matsushita Electric Works, Ltd. | Planar antenna |
JPS6365703A (ja) * | 1986-09-05 | 1988-03-24 | Matsushita Electric Works Ltd | 平面アンテナ |
GB2253308B (en) * | 1986-09-26 | 1993-01-20 | Gen Electric Co Plc | Semiconductor circuit arrangements |
EP0295003A3 (de) * | 1987-06-09 | 1990-08-29 | THORN EMI plc | Antenne |
US5087920A (en) * | 1987-07-30 | 1992-02-11 | Sony Corporation | Microwave antenna |
US4937585A (en) * | 1987-09-09 | 1990-06-26 | Phasar Corporation | Microwave circuit module, such as an antenna, and method of making same |
US4990926A (en) * | 1987-10-19 | 1991-02-05 | Sony Corporation | Microwave antenna structure |
ES2072266T3 (es) * | 1987-11-13 | 1995-07-16 | Emmanuel Rammos | Antena plana con microcinta suspendida y planos de masa autoportantes de ranuras radiantes espesas sin plots de posicionado. |
JPH01135107A (ja) * | 1987-11-19 | 1989-05-26 | Mitsubishi Electric Corp | マイクロストリップアンテナ |
JPH01143506A (ja) * | 1987-11-30 | 1989-06-06 | Sony Corp | 平面アンテナ |
US4888597A (en) * | 1987-12-14 | 1989-12-19 | California Institute Of Technology | Millimeter and submillimeter wave antenna structure |
US4926189A (en) * | 1988-05-10 | 1990-05-15 | Communications Satellite Corporation | High-gain single- and dual-polarized antennas employing gridded printed-circuit elements |
US5061943A (en) * | 1988-08-03 | 1991-10-29 | Agence Spatiale Europenne | Planar array antenna, comprising coplanar waveguide printed feed lines cooperating with apertures in a ground plane |
GB2224603A (en) * | 1988-08-30 | 1990-05-09 | British Satellite Broadcasting | Flat plate array antenna |
GB8904302D0 (en) * | 1989-02-24 | 1989-04-12 | Marconi Co Ltd | Microwave antenna array |
US5270721A (en) * | 1989-05-15 | 1993-12-14 | Matsushita Electric Works, Ltd. | Planar antenna |
JPH03151702A (ja) * | 1989-11-08 | 1991-06-27 | Sony Corp | 平面アレイアンテナ |
US5321411A (en) * | 1990-01-26 | 1994-06-14 | Matsushita Electric Works, Ltd. | Planar antenna for linearly polarized waves |
JPH03120113U (de) * | 1990-03-22 | 1991-12-10 | ||
EP0533810B1 (de) * | 1990-06-14 | 1997-09-24 | COLLINS, John Louis Frederick Charles | Antenne in der form einer flachen platte |
US5208603A (en) * | 1990-06-15 | 1993-05-04 | The Boeing Company | Frequency selective surface (FSS) |
GB2247990A (en) * | 1990-08-09 | 1992-03-18 | British Satellite Broadcasting | Antennas and method of manufacturing thereof |
US5218373A (en) * | 1990-10-01 | 1993-06-08 | Harris Corporation | Hermetically sealed waffle-wall configured assembly including sidewall and cover radiating elements and a base-sealed waveguide window |
FR2668305B1 (fr) * | 1990-10-18 | 1992-12-04 | Alcatel Espace | Dispositif d'alimentation d'un element rayonnant fonctionnant en double polarisation. |
DE4038332A1 (de) * | 1990-12-01 | 1992-06-04 | Kolbe & Co Hans | Triplate-anordnung fuer eine planarantenne |
US5231406A (en) * | 1991-04-05 | 1993-07-27 | Ball Corporation | Broadband circular polarization satellite antenna |
JPH0567912A (ja) * | 1991-04-24 | 1993-03-19 | Matsushita Electric Works Ltd | 平面アンテナ |
FR2677491B1 (fr) * | 1991-06-10 | 1993-08-20 | Alcatel Espace | Antenne hyperfrequence elementaire bipolarisee. |
US5210542A (en) * | 1991-07-03 | 1993-05-11 | Ball Corporation | Microstrip patch antenna structure |
US5559523A (en) * | 1991-11-15 | 1996-09-24 | Northern Telecom Limited | Layered antenna |
DE4239597C2 (de) * | 1991-11-26 | 1999-11-04 | Hitachi Chemical Co Ltd | Ebene Antenne mit dualer Polarisation |
US5444453A (en) * | 1993-02-02 | 1995-08-22 | Ball Corporation | Microstrip antenna structure having an air gap and method of constructing same |
US5655615A (en) * | 1994-01-06 | 1997-08-12 | Mick; Jeffrey | Wheeled vehicle for distributing agricultural materials in fields having uneven terrain |
SE504422C2 (sv) * | 1995-03-07 | 1997-02-03 | Allgon Ab | Apertur-kopplad plan antenn |
KR960036200A (ko) * | 1995-03-31 | 1996-10-28 | 배순훈 | 이중 편파 수신용 평면 안테나의 구조 |
GB2300760A (en) * | 1995-04-13 | 1996-11-13 | Northern Telecom Ltd | A layered antenna |
FR2743199B1 (fr) * | 1996-01-03 | 1998-02-27 | Europ Agence Spatiale | Antenne reseau plane hyperfrequence receptrice et/ou emettrice, et son application a la reception de satellites de television geostationnaires |
DE19712510A1 (de) * | 1997-03-25 | 1999-01-07 | Pates Tech Patentverwertung | Zweilagiger Breitband-Planarstrahler |
US5905465A (en) * | 1997-04-23 | 1999-05-18 | Ball Aerospace & Technologies Corp. | Antenna system |
US6812905B2 (en) | 1999-04-26 | 2004-11-02 | Andrew Corporation | Integrated active antenna for multi-carrier applications |
US6621469B2 (en) | 1999-04-26 | 2003-09-16 | Andrew Corporation | Transmit/receive distributed antenna systems |
US6583763B2 (en) * | 1999-04-26 | 2003-06-24 | Andrew Corporation | Antenna structure and installation |
US6359595B1 (en) | 2000-04-27 | 2002-03-19 | Nortel Networks Limited | Flat plate antenna |
JP2003531618A (ja) * | 2000-04-29 | 2003-10-28 | メルク パテント ゲゼルシャフト ミット ベシュレンクテル ハフトング | 新規ヒト・ホスホリパーゼc・デルタ5 |
KR100526585B1 (ko) | 2002-05-27 | 2005-11-08 | 삼성탈레스 주식회사 | 이중 편파 특성을 갖는 평판형 안테나 |
US6983174B2 (en) * | 2002-09-18 | 2006-01-03 | Andrew Corporation | Distributed active transmit and/or receive antenna |
US6906681B2 (en) * | 2002-09-27 | 2005-06-14 | Andrew Corporation | Multicarrier distributed active antenna |
US6844863B2 (en) | 2002-09-27 | 2005-01-18 | Andrew Corporation | Active antenna with interleaved arrays of antenna elements |
US7280848B2 (en) * | 2002-09-30 | 2007-10-09 | Andrew Corporation | Active array antenna and system for beamforming |
US6972622B2 (en) | 2003-05-12 | 2005-12-06 | Andrew Corporation | Optimization of error loops in distributed power amplifiers |
IL171450A (en) * | 2005-10-16 | 2011-03-31 | Starling Advanced Comm Ltd | Antenna board |
US8078103B2 (en) | 2005-10-31 | 2011-12-13 | Zih Corp. | Multi-element RFID coupler |
US7586410B2 (en) * | 2006-03-09 | 2009-09-08 | Zih Corp. | RFID UHF stripline coupler |
US8400368B1 (en) | 2007-06-26 | 2013-03-19 | Lockheed Martin Corporation | Integrated electronic structure |
US8254833B2 (en) * | 2009-05-11 | 2012-08-28 | Zih Corp. | Near field coupling devices and associated systems and methods |
US8344961B1 (en) * | 2009-09-21 | 2013-01-01 | Rockwell Collins, Inc. | C-band radiating element for broad area maritime surveillance (BAMS) |
US8878652B2 (en) | 2009-11-13 | 2014-11-04 | Zih Corp. | Encoding module, associated encoding element, connector, printer-encoder and access control system |
EP2954594B1 (de) | 2013-02-08 | 2022-01-12 | Honeywell International Inc. | Integriertes streifenleitungs-speisenetzwerk für eine lineare antennengruppe |
US9728855B2 (en) | 2014-01-14 | 2017-08-08 | Honeywell International Inc. | Broadband GNSS reference antenna |
US9408306B2 (en) | 2014-01-15 | 2016-08-02 | Honeywell International Inc. | Antenna array feeding structure having circuit boards connected by at least one solderable pin |
CN111433976A (zh) * | 2017-12-14 | 2020-07-17 | 株式会社村田制作所 | 天线装置、天线模块和无线装置 |
Family Cites Families (10)
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US2885676A (en) * | 1957-01-23 | 1959-05-05 | Gen Dynamics Corp | Antennas |
US3518688A (en) * | 1965-11-22 | 1970-06-30 | Itt | Microwave strip transmission line adapted for integral slot antenna |
US3718935A (en) * | 1971-02-03 | 1973-02-27 | Itt | Dual circularly polarized phased array antenna |
SE7603520L (sv) * | 1976-03-22 | 1977-09-23 | Ericsson Telefon Ab L M | Antenn |
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US4189691A (en) * | 1977-11-11 | 1980-02-19 | Raytheon Company | Microwave terminating structure |
US4208660A (en) * | 1977-11-11 | 1980-06-17 | Raytheon Company | Radio frequency ring-shaped slot antenna |
US4263598A (en) * | 1978-11-22 | 1981-04-21 | Motorola, Inc. | Dual polarized image antenna |
FR2505097A1 (fr) * | 1981-05-04 | 1982-11-05 | Labo Electronique Physique | Element rayonnant ou recepteur de signaux hyperfrequences a polarisations circulaires et antenne plane hyperfrequence comprenant un reseau de tels elements |
US4431996A (en) * | 1981-12-03 | 1984-02-14 | The United States Of America As Represented By The Secretary Of The Air Force | Missile multi-frequency antenna |
-
1983
- 1983-04-22 FR FR8306650A patent/FR2544920B1/fr not_active Expired
-
1984
- 1984-04-12 EP EP84200521A patent/EP0123350B1/de not_active Expired
- 1984-04-12 DE DE8484200521T patent/DE3465841D1/de not_active Expired
- 1984-04-18 US US06/601,518 patent/US4614947A/en not_active Expired - Lifetime
- 1984-04-19 JP JP59079316A patent/JPS59207706A/ja active Pending
Non-Patent Citations (1)
Title |
---|
"Electronics Letters", 18th March 1982, Vol.18, No.6, pages 252, 253 * |
Cited By (6)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
US7768469B2 (en) | 2003-02-18 | 2010-08-03 | Starling Advanced Communications Ltd. | Low profile antenna for satellite communication |
US7034765B2 (en) | 2003-09-30 | 2006-04-25 | Lucent Technologies Inc. | Compact multiple-band antenna arrangement |
US7663566B2 (en) | 2005-10-16 | 2010-02-16 | Starling Advanced Communications Ltd. | Dual polarization planar array antenna and cell elements therefor |
US7994998B2 (en) | 2005-10-16 | 2011-08-09 | Starling Advanced Communications Ltd. | Dual polarization planar array antenna and cell elements therefor |
US8964891B2 (en) | 2012-12-18 | 2015-02-24 | Panasonic Avionics Corporation | Antenna system calibration |
US9583829B2 (en) | 2013-02-12 | 2017-02-28 | Panasonic Avionics Corporation | Optimization of low profile antenna(s) for equatorial operation |
Also Published As
Publication number | Publication date |
---|---|
EP0123350A1 (de) | 1984-10-31 |
US4614947A (en) | 1986-09-30 |
DE3465841D1 (en) | 1987-10-08 |
FR2544920A1 (fr) | 1984-10-26 |
JPS59207706A (ja) | 1984-11-24 |
FR2544920B1 (fr) | 1985-06-14 |
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