EP0118872A2 - Apparatus for making moulded articles of concrete or the like - Google Patents

Abstract

An apparatus for producing moldings (48) from concrete et cetera, particularly concrete paving stones, the top side of which exhibits partial surfaces of different vertical level, comprises a molding table (46), a molding frame (30, 31) and a stamp fitting in the latter. For better consolidation and in order to facilitate clean removal from the mold, it is provided that the stamp consists of two separate partial stamps (33, 42) guided in each other, the end cross-sectional surfaces of which are dimensioned so that the one (33) molds the lower-lying and the other (42) the higher-lying top partial surfaces of the molding (48) and that the stroke distance of the partial stamp (42) for the higher-lying partial surfaces is limited in an upper consolidation position, in which both partial stamps conjointly reproduce the top side of the molding, and in a lower mold-removal position, by stops. The partial stamp (33) for the lower-lying partial surfaces preferably consists of a ring surrounding the other partial stamp (42). This ring may be connected by guide bolts (35) to a first superimposed load (36), whereas the inner partial stamp (42) supports a second superimposed load in the form of a guide plate (44). For use in multi-layer production machines it is provided to lock the two partial stamps (33 and 42) intermittently together, particularly by means of locking elements (38) which engage automatically and can be disengaged by control lugs (32) of the molding frame (30).

Description

The invention relates to a device for the production of moldings from concrete or the like, in particular concrete paving stones and lawn stones, the upper side of which has partial surfaces of different heights, with a molding table, a molding frame and a stamp which is fitted therein, is guided vertically to the molding table and is provided with a load.

Such molding devices are known and work as follows. First of all, the mold frame lying on the molding table is filled with a relatively dry concrete mixture and wiped off. The punch then lowers into the molding box, the molding table and / or the load being subjected to a shaking movement which supports the compaction of the concrete. Then the mold is immediately formed, for which purpose the mold frame is raised, which takes the stamp with it after a first stroke section.

Difficulties arose in the manufacture of the composite paving stone shown in Fig. 1. Its peculiarity is that the visible side is designed in two stages, namely with a higher central field and a lower lying, slightly outwardly inclined edge area. As a result of the relatively large difference in height between the partial areas mentioned, the compaction in the transition area between the middle field and the edge area was not sufficient. He could also The molded part could not be formed cleanly and the molded parts were insufficiently cleaned.

The invention has for its object to propose a molding device especially for moldings with a stepped top in order to achieve a uniform compression, clean molding and self-cleaning of the molded parts.

This object is achieved on the basis of the molding device referred to in the introduction in that the punch consists of two separate, mutually guided partial punches, the end cross-sectional areas of which are dimensioned in such a way that one forms the lower-lying and the higher lying upper-sided partial surfaces of the molding in that the stroke of the partial ram for the higher partial areas with respect to the other partial ram in an upper compression position, in which the two rams together simulate the top of the molding, and a lower forming position is limited by stops. Spring members are preferably clamped between the partial punches and urge the partial punch into the shaped position for the higher partial areas.

When the stamp is lowered, the part of the stamp which may be spring-loaded accordingly already rests on the molded product when the partial stamp for the lower-lying partial surfaces is in the molded product begins to penetrate. However, the spring forces only come into full effect towards the end of the compression process, when the partial ram for the lower partial areas has already reached its end position. However, even if no springs are provided, the compression is significantly improved by the delayed response of the partial ram for the higher partial areas in its area. On the other hand, there is a perfect formwork and self-cleaning in that the partial stamp for the higher partial areas remains on the molding, while the other partial stamp is lifted when the spring elements relax. This part of the temple thus clips over the side surfaces of the elevated part of the top Formlin ^g and smoothes these similar to the molding box sweeps smoothing over the side surfaces of the mold Linggenberg round body.

If the molding device is intended for a molding of the type shown in FIG. 1 or a similar type, the stamp arrangement is preferably made such that the partial stamp for the lower partial surface is a ring surrounding the other partial stamp. In particular, it is proposed that the ring, the side walls and the other, in particular plate-shaped partial stamp form the bottom of a box-shaped stamp head, that guide pins fastened to the partial stamp penetrate the ceiling of the stamp head and that the compression springs surrounding the guide pins are clamped between the ceiling and partial stamp. Such a relatively compact stamp head is particularly suitable for use in commercially available molding machines and together with the usual loads there.

In order to give the plate-shaped partial stamp, which forms the higher partial surface, better guidance in the lifting direction, it is proposed as an alternative that the ring is connected to a first load by rods and that the other partial stamp carries a second load, which is led on the poles. In this case, compression springs can be clamped between the loads.

The two-part design of the stamp results in a particular problem when the molding device according to the invention is to be used in a so-called multi-layer paver. This is a well-known, usually fully automatic molding machine that layers the fresh, not yet hardened concrete molds layer by layer on a transport pallet - wet on wet. To prevent the lower moldings from sticking together under the weight of the upper mold, some dry sand may be sprinkled between them. In any case, with this type of machine, the moldings are stacked in transportable packaging units from the start and harden in this way, thereby saving on work space, storage facilities and, above all, the work processes that are otherwise connected to put together the individually stored moldings for curing on transport pallets.

The peculiarity of the multi-layer paver is that after pressing and compacting the molding, the vibrating table is removed and a pallet with any moldings already deposited on it is placed under the mold in order to place the last molding still in the molding box on it.

During this change, the molding box is without a bottom. The compacted molding is only held by the vertical mold box inner surfaces by friction and adhesion. These holding forces are sufficient to bear the weight of the molding itself, but not also to withstand the weight of the inner part of the stamp forming the higher partial surfaces and possibly the spring forces that act on this part of the stamp. Without special measures, so the compacted molding is removed while the vibrating table or other form of box bottom of the flask would _- fall out or be pushed out.

In a development of the invention, it is therefore proposed that holding members are provided which automatically immobilize the partial stamp for the higher partial areas on the other partial stamp in the compression position and that before Precautions are taken to release the holding members, 'after the molding is supported by a bearing surface attached from below and before the upward movement of the partial punch for the lower-lying partial surfaces begins during molding.

The holding members can, for. B. be rotatably mounted on the outer part of the pawls or other locking elements which latch themselves by spring force and thus absorb the weight of the inner part of the stamp and the spring forces acting on it. Therefore, the molding remains stuck in the bottomless molding box during the exchange of the vibrating table with the pallet, as is known per se with molds with one-piece stamps. To release the locking organs, d. H. to unlock the two partial punches control lugs are preferably provided on the mold frame, which act on the locking members when the mold frame is raised.

In a modification of such fully mechanical solutions, it is also possible to actuate the locking members by means of pneumatic or hydraulic control cylinders or electrical lifting magnets, these servomotors receiving their signals from the electrical control device of the molding machine at the right time. In addition, strong electromagnets could be used as holding members, which are attached to one partial stamp and hold the other partial stamp directly by their tensile force.

• Fig. l eine räumliche Darstellung eines bekannten Verbundpflastersteins aus Beton,
• Fig. 2 eine räumliche Darstellung eines anderen Formlings,
• Fig. 3 einen Vielfach-Formrahmen in der Aufsicht,
• Fig. 4 einen Vertikalschnitt einer Veilfach-Formvorrichtung in der Ausformstellung,
• Figuren 5 bis 8 Teilschnitte der Formvorrichtung wie Fig. 4 in verschiedenen Zwischenstellungen,
• Fig. 9 einen Vertikalschnitt eines zweiten Beispiels einer Vielfach-Formvorrichtung,
• Fig. 10 einen Vertikalschnitt einer weiteren Formvorrichtung mit Teilstempelverriegelung für Mehrlagen-Fertiger und
• Fig. 11 und 12 Teilschnitte der Formvorrichtung nach Fig. 10 in weiteren Zwischenstellungen.

Two embodiments of the invention are explained below with reference to the drawing. In detail shows

• 1 is a spatial representation of a known composite paving stone made of concrete,
• 2 is a spatial representation of another molding,
• 3 is a multi-form frame in supervision,
• 4 shows a vertical section of a Veilfach molding device in the molding position,
• 5 to 8 are partial sections of the shaping device as in FIG. 4 in various intermediate positions,
• 9 is a vertical section of a second example of a multiple molding device,
• Fig. 10 is a vertical section of another molding device with partial punch locking for multi-layer pavers and
• 11 and 12 are partial sections of the molding device according to FIG. 10 in further intermediate positions.

The composite paving stone shown in Fig. 1 has a base body with cross-sectionally trapezoidal teeth 1 which interlock when laid and give the stones mutual support. The visible side consists of a center field 2 with an embossed surface, the outline of which is arbitrarily drawn irregularly in order to give the impression of a hewn natural stone. At a lower level, the middle field 2 is surrounded by a shoulder surface 3 which, due to the teeth 1 and the shape of the middle field 2, has an uneven width and slopes slightly outwards. When the pavement has been laid, the central fields are surrounded by wide, uneven, false joints, which have a very rustic effect, even though the stone foundations are closely bonded and are therefore highly resilient.

The molding shown in Fig. 2 is used only for easier graphic representation of the molding device. 1 has a raised central surface 4 and a recessed, outwardly inclined shoulder surface 5, but the central surface 4 is rectangular, the frame-shaped shoulder surface 5 is of the same width throughout and the side surfaces 6 of the base body and the Side surfaces 7 of the upstanding middle section are flat.

The individual parts of the molding device for producing a molding according to FIG. 2 are described with reference to FIGS. 3 and 4. As usual, it is a so-called multiple mold, with which several moldings can be produced in one movement. On a molding table 8 there is a molding frame 9, which forms individual quadratic chambers and is higher than the molding. The movement mechanism for lifting the mold frame 9 is not shown. Likewise, the movable part of the molding machine to which the overall load 10 is attached is missing in this illustration. The load here consists of an upper fastening plate 11, a stamp shaft 12 per stamp and a guide plate 13 attached to the lower end of each stamp shaft. The stamp shafts 12 are designed in detail in accordance with the required weight.

On each guide plate 13, the ceiling 14 of a box-shaped stamp head is fastened, the side walls of which form the partial stamp, hereinafter referred to as stamp ring 15, for forming the shoulder surface 5. The lower edge of the stamp ring 15 is bevelled accordingly. A stamp plate 16, which corresponds in its dimensions to the central surface 4, serves as the movable bottom of the box-shaped stamp head. With the help of four guide pins 17, which are fastened to the stamp plate 16 and push the cover 14 and guide plate 13 through, the stamp plate 16 is guided in the stroke direction. The guide pins 17 are surrounded by helical springs 18, which act as compression springs and are located on the top of the ceiling 14 and on the bottom of the stamp plate 16 support. This is therefore pushed down with respect to the stamp ring 15, this movement being limited by the heads 19 of the guide pins 17 as stops. A weight 20 is attached to each of the stamp plates 16, which limits the upward stroke movement of the stamp plate 16 by a stop on the ceiling 14. ,

Fig. 4 shows the device in the rest position at the beginning of the molding process. The molding frame 9 rests on the molding table 8 and is filled with loose concrete and smeared. When the load 10 with the stamp heads lowers, the stamp plates 16 first lie on the concrete mass (FIG. 5) and in the further course the stamp rings 15 penetrate to their lower position limited by the molding machine (FIG. 6 ). This process is supported by shaking the molding table 8 and / or the load 10. The shaking movement is also transferred to the stamp plate 16 and its weight 20, so that in the last phase of the molding process the stamp plate 16 lowers to the stop.

The molding begins with the mold frame being raised to the position shown in FIG. 7, while the stamp head remains on the molding. If in the further course (FIG. 8) the load 10 also moves upwards, the stamp does move ring 15 with, but the stamp plate 16 remains on the central surface 4 with simultaneous relaxation of the springs 18. As a result, the side surface 7 of the molding is smoothed out, so that as the last step, only the stamp plate 16 needs to be lifted off. In this way a clean formation is ensured and cleaning of the molding device is normally not necessary.

In the exemplary embodiment according to FIG. 9, a corresponding stamp ring 15 'is connected via rods 21 to a corresponding fastening plate 11', which together with the rods forms a first load. Stamp shafts 22, which are connected to one another by a guide plate 23, are fastened to corresponding stamp plates 16 '. This guide plate 23 is penetrated by the rods 21 and guided on them. Compression springs 24 are clamped between the mounting plate 11 'and the guide plate 23 and as a result urge the stamp plate 16' downwards. Their stroke is limited at the bottom by stop rings 25, the rods 21 and by stop blocks 26 which are attached to the fastening plate 11 '.

9 corresponds to that of FIG. 4, but this alternative offers better vertical guidance for the stamp plate 16 ¹ , the springs 24 can be made stronger and longer, since more space is available is, and the weight acting on the stamp plates 16 ¹ can also be greater. How the weights and spring forces are to be measured depends on the individual case. In the second exemplary embodiment in particular, an adjusting device for the spring forces can easily be accommodated.

The shaping device according to FIGS. 10 to 12 can only be understood as a section of a larger multiple shaping device for, for example, 30 concrete paving stones. The actual molding box walls 31 are attached to a relatively high molding frame 30 below. A cam 32 is welded onto the upper edge of the mold frame and is chamfered at its left corner. A stamp ring 33 is fastened to a plate 34 which is firmly connected to a fastening plate 36 via guide bolts 35. The guide bolts 35 show a lower part of a larger diameter, which merges into an upper part of a smaller diameter via a support shoulder. On the mounting plate 36 is a bearing eye 37 of a pawl 38 which hangs down and can rotate about a pin 39. At the top, this pawl has a stud 40 standing to the rear. A tension spring 41 pulls it to the left. The pawl 38 is thus mounted on the structural unit carrying the stamp ring 33.

Opposite this unit is a further unit consisting of a stamp plate 42, a stamp shaft 43 and a guide plate 44 movable up and down. The guide bolts 35 pass through the guide plate 44 with play. A plate-shaped pawl tooth 45, which interacts with the pawl 38, is welded under the right edge of the guide plate 44. Spring elements between the two structural units carrying the stamp parts are not provided in this example.

The arrangement described works as follows: According to FIG. 10, the molded box 31, filled with concrete and smeared, lies on a vibrating table 46. The stamp assembly is in a downward motion above it. The assembly 42, 43, 44 occupies its lowest position relative to the assembly 33 to 36. The guide plate 44 lies on the support shoulder of the guide pin 35. The pawl 38 is released.

If the stamp ring 33 penetrates into the molding box in the course of the downward movement, the stamp plate 42 deflects upward relative to the stamp ring 33. When the stamp ring 33 has reached its lowest position, the guide plate 44 connected to the stamp plate 42 lies against the fastening plate 36. In this position, the spring 41 pulls the pawl 38 under the pawl tooth 45. This position is shown in FIG. 11. The compression process has now ended and the vibrating table 46 can be moved away, which is also indicated in FIG. 11. The molding 48 is now not supported from below .. It "hangs" only as a result Adhesion in the molding box.

When the vibrating table 46 is removed, a pallet 47, on which a layer of moldings has already been placed in the example, is moved under the stationary mold and raised gently, so that the surface of the previously produced moldings removes the moldings that are still in the mold just touched below. Now the molding begins. The mold frame 30 starts to move upwards. After a certain stroke, the oblique edge of the cam 32 abuts the stud 40 of the pawl 38 and gives it a rotary movement to the left against the spring force. The lower end of the pawl pivots to the right and detaches from the pawl tooth 45, as shown in FIG. 12. The mold frame 30 then moves further upwards until the lower edge of the mold box wall 31 has passed the lower edge of the stamp ring 33 and the mold frame strikes the plate 34. Now the stamp ring 33 is taken along and finally the stamp plate 42 as soon as its guide plate 44 rests on the carrying shoulder of the guide pin 35.

• 1 tooth
• 2 midfield
• 3 shoulder
• 4 middle surface
• 5 shoulder area
• 6 side surface
• 7 side surface (narrow)
• 8 molding table
• 9 mold frames
• 10 load
• 11 mounting plate
• 11 'mounting plate
• 12 stamp shaft
• 13 guide plate
• 14 ceiling
• 15 stamp ring
• 15 'stamp ring
• 16 stamps ^p latte
• 16 'stamp plate
• 17 guide pins
• 18 coil spring
• 19 head
• 20 weight
• 21 sticks
• 22 stamp shaft
• 23 guide plate
• 24 compression spring
• 25 stop ring
• 26 stop block
• 30 mold frames
• 31 molded box wall
• 32 cams
• 33 stamp ring
• 34 plate
• 35 guide bolts
• 36 mounting plate
• 37 bearing eye
• 38 jack
• 39 cones
• 40 stud bolts
• 41 tension spring
• 42 stamp plate
• 43 punch shaft
• 44 guide plate
• 45 ratchet tooth
• 46 vibrating table
• 47 pallet
• 48 molding

Claims (8)

1.Device for the production of moldings made of concrete or the like, in particular concrete paving stones and lawn stones, the upper side of which has partial areas of different heights, with a molding table, a molding frame and a stamp which is fitted therein and guided vertically to the molding table and provided with a load, characterized that the stamp consists of two separate, mutually guided partial stamps (15, 16), the end cross-sectional areas of which are dimensioned such that one forms the lower lying (5) and the other the higher lying upper partial surfaces (4) of the molding, and that the stroke of the partial punch (16) for the higher ones Sub-areas (4) with respect to the other sub-punch (15) in an upper compression position (Fig. 6), in which both. Part stamp (15, 16) together simulate the top of the molding, and in a lower molding position (Fig. 4) is limited by stops (19, 20). 2. Apparatus according to claim 1, characterized in that between the partial punches (15, 16) spring members (18) are clamped, which urge the partial punch (16) for the higher partial areas (4) in the shaped position. 3. Device according to claim 1, characterized in that the partial stamp for the lower-lying partial surface (5) is a ring (15) surrounding the other partial stamp (16). 4. The device according to claim 3, characterized in that the ring (15) the side walls and the other, in particular plate-shaped partial stamp (16) form the bottom of a box-shaped stamp head, that on the partial stamp (16) attached guide pins (17) the ceiling ( 14) of the stamp head and that the guide pins (17) surrounding compression springs (18) are clamped between the ceiling (14) and partial stamp (16). 5. The device according to claim 3, characterized in that the ring (15 ') via rods (21) with a first load (11') is connected and that the other partial punch (16 ') carries a second load (22, 23) , which is guided on the rods (21). 6. The device according to claim 1, characterized in that holding members (38) are provided which in the compression position (Fig. 6) automatically immobilize the partial stamp (42) for the higher partial areas on the other partial stamp (33) and that precautions are taken are to release the holding members (38) after the molding (48) is supported by a bearing surface attached from below and before the upward movement of the partial punch (33) for the lower-lying partial surfaces begins during molding. 7. The device according to claim 6, characterized in that the holding members (38) on the partial ram (33, 34, 35, 36) for the lower-lying partial surfaces are locking members which automatically engage in the locking position. 8. The device according to claim 7, characterized in that on the mold frame (30) control lugs (32) are provided for releasing the locking members when the mold frame is raised with respect to the partial punch (33) for the lower partial areas.

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