EP0115601A2 - Window frame made of wood or wood stock with a duroplastic laminate coating - Google Patents

Abstract

The invention relates to a window frame made of wood or wood materials from a block, which is provided on the outside with a metal foil laminate and on the inside with a decorative laminate. A molded piece of thin corrugated metal foil is soldered over the miter joints of the corner connections. There are drainage holes in the window frame, which are lined with thin metal pipes. The inside of the window frame is coated with a decorative laminate. The advantages of the invention are that the positive properties of the materials wood, plastic and metal for window frames are present at the same time, while the negative properties of the individual materials are eliminated.

Description

While in the past the construction of buildings was almost entirely done by hand, in recent years there has been a move towards using more and more prefabricated parts not only in prefabricated houses but also in conventionally built houses. This is mainly due to the high cost of handcrafted parts. Industrially manufactured parts can be produced much more cost-effectively through series with large quantities in at least the same quality as handcrafted parts. This trend also applies to windows used in high-rise buildings, although this complies with the fact that DIN 18050 defines the standard dimensions for window openings.

Various requirements are placed on window frames for house building. They have to be stable and torsionally stiff enough to ensure their appearance and tightness to the outside even after years of use. The fulfillment of this requirement is determined by the water and weather resistance. At today's energy prices, another important criterion is thermal insulation. In order to increase the living quality, attention must also be paid to soundproofing. Last but not least, the decorative character of the window frames should also be taken into account.

The materials metal, plastic or wood used in industrial window frame production do not optimally meet these requirements. Metals are good heat conductors, so additional measures must be taken for thermal insulation in metal window frames. In addition, metals are relatively expensive raw materials. In order to maintain the necessary stability with plastic window frames, stiffeners must be created using complex constructions and materials such as glass fiber reinforcements. On the other hand, metal and plastic window frames are weatherproof and retain their appearance and tightness for years. Wood and wood-based materials, on the other hand, which have good torsional rigidity, are poor heat conductors, i.e. Wooden window frames have good thermal insulation. In addition, wooden window frames are extremely decorative and thus significantly increase the living quality of such a house. However, the weathering resistance of wood and wood-based materials is poor and window frames made from these materials must be subjected to repeated protective treatments over their lifespan. In order not to impair the decorative effect, high-quality, flawless woods should be used, which in turn increases the cost of materials.

In order to avoid high-quality materials and protective coatings in the wooden window frames that are often produced because of their desirable properties, it is known to coat cheap types of wood, which may have knots, material defects and resin pores, with PVC or acrylate films. As a further advantage, the elaborate profile provided with grooves for sealing the window frames can then be assembled from individual parts in a laminated manner, since the film applied conceals this construction. This results in an enormous material and also saves time in the manufacture of the frame compared to the non-coated, but only provided with a protective coating wooden window frames, which have to be made from one piece for optical reasons. In the known coating techniques, foils are used which have the same decor and the same structure on the inside and outside and, due to their material composition, do not have the vapor-tightness and weather resistance of metal. Thus, wooden window frames manufactured in this way do not meet the requirement for durability.

Based on this prior art, the object of the invention is to improve the wood and wood-based window frames in such a way that they retain their material-specific advantages and achieve the same weatherproofing and durability, without repeated protective treatments, at lower costs than metal window frames.

The solution to this problem is conveyed by the technical teaching that the edges facing the weather on the outside of the building are coated with a metal foil laminate, for example copper, aluminum or stainless steel foil laminate, in which, depending on the requirements of the underlying wood core, the laminate made of metal foil and the Laminate core formed from several layers of thick paper impregnated with binder is vapor-impermeable, vapor-permeable due to micropores in the required mass or both are semipermeable in the desired direction, a molded piece of thin metal foil is soldered over the miter joints of the corner connections, which is corrugated in the joint area and not by solder with the underlying metal surface of the outer laminate is connected, the drainage holes in the window frame are lined with a corrugated, longitudinal expansion permitting thin metal tube, the ends of which over the metal foil in the gutter or flared over the outer surface and soldered to both, and the visible edges of the window frame facing the inside of the building are coated with a decorative laminate.

The advantages which can be achieved according to the invention are that the properties of the materials wood, plastic and metal which are positive for window frames are present at the same time, while the negative properties of the individual materials are eliminated.

Wood or a wood-based material is used for the load-bearing parts of the window frame, which forms the stable and torsion-resistant core of the window frame.

Since wood is a poor heat conductor, there is no need for additional thermal insulation. By laminating the visible edges with thermoset laminates, it is possible to use cheaper types of wood with defects. In a further embodiment of the invention, lamination of the frame enables material to be saved on wood compared to a wooden frame made from a single piece of metal.

Since the side of the window frame facing the building is made of a laminate made of a metal foil, the frame is sealed against water and the swelling or shrinking of the wood due to different moisture content depending on the weather is reduced to a minimum. The metal surface of the outer laminate, for example copper or stainless steel, makes the outer surface of the window frame permanently and safely gas and vapor tight with little effort, even at the remaining open joints, especially at the corner connections and drainage drilling. A molded piece of metal foil creates a vapor-tight seal at the miter joints of the corner connections. The corrugation of the molded piece in the joint area allows the wood core to work in changing atmospheric humidity or temperature without breaking and thus causing leaks in the outer skin. Also due to the corrugations on the circumference of the metal pipe, longitudinal expansions in the drainage holes are absorbed, so that these are also optimally protected against the weather. The window frame made of wood or wood-based materials thus has an undoubtedly long-term weather suitability like a metal window frame.

If the wood or wood-based material used requires it, the metal foil and the laminate core can be made vapor-permeable by micropores as far as is necessary for the maximum life of the wood material.

Since the metal foil becomes pressure-resistant due to the laminate core, it can be chosen to be very thin, which reduces the costs for the metal to a minimum. The thin, cheap metal foil is also easy to stick and solder through the laminate core, which greatly simplifies the manufacturing process for the window frames. The cost of window frames produced in this way is therefore considerably lower than that of metal window frames.

Last but not least, the decorative effect of metal laminates in the facades of modern architecture must also be mentioned. By coating the inside of the window frame with a decorative laminate, for example a wood imitation, you get the desired living atmosphere, which such a decor conveys to the residents. There the laminate is made of duroplastic, its surface is extremely scratch-resistant and chemically very resistant, which has a positive effect on the service life of the window frame.

• Fig. 1 zeigt einen Schnitt durch ein Fensterrahmenprofil von der Gebäudeinnenseite gesehen und
• Fig. 2 stellt eine Eckverbindung an der Gehrungsfuge eines Fensterrahmenprofils dar.

The invention is described in more detail with reference to the accompanying drawings.

• Fig. 1 shows a section through a window frame profile seen from the inside of the building and
• Fig. 2 shows a corner connection on the miter joint of a window frame profile.

The window frame is laminated and composed of individual wooden strips 3, which are already profiled according to the required grooves and webs. The individual strips 3 are glued together to form a compact block 6, which forms the torsionally rigid, stable and heat-insulating core of the window frame. Cheap, faulty material provided with branches and resin pores can be used for the individual strips 3, since the visible surface is laminated with laminates 2, 4. If one saves material and time, this window frame core 6 can also be machined from a block of wood. Likewise, the window frame core can also be made of a wood-based material, such as particle board. Like exist. The window frame edge 1 visible in the facade from the outside of the building is coated with a metal foil laminate 2. This laminate can be applied, for example, using a double belt press under the action of heat and pressure. The metal foil laminate 2 consists of a core, which is usually composed of a number of layers of phenolic or melamine resin impregnated thick papers is formed. A thinly rolled or electrolytically deposited film made of weather-resistant metal, for example a copper, aluminum or stainless steel film, is bonded to the surface. The thin and cheap metal foil becomes pressure-resistant due to the laminate core and is easy to stick and solder and therefore easy to process. The thermoset content in the laminate ensures high resistance to water and chemicals and great hardness.

Certain woods, such as pine, require a vapor-permeable surface protection on the weather side if they are to be protected against decay. In this case, it is within the scope of the invention to make the metal foil and the laminate core microporous, i.e. to the extent necessary to make it permeable to steam or to make both semipermeable in the desired direction.

If desired, a structure such as nubs, corrugations, fine grain structures, etc. can be incorporated in the surface. The metal foil of the metal foil laminate 2 acts as a barrier against vapors and gases and thus protects the underlying core made of wood or wood-based material from the absorption of very different moisture contents and minimizes the swelling or shrinking of the window frame core 6.

In the remaining open joints such as corner connections and drainage holes 7, steam tightness is achieved by the following measures. For vapor-tight sealing, a shaped piece 9 made of thin metal foil 10, as shown in FIG. 2, is soldered over the joint at the miter joints of the corner connections, which is corrugated in the joint area and not by solder with the underlying metal surface surface of the outer laminate is connected. Working of the wooden core with changing air humidity or temperature is permitted by the corrugation of the metal foil 9 in the joint area, which, like a flexible bellows, takes part in any change in position and length of the joint and always keeps it covered and thus protects it from the weather. In this way, the cracks and consequent leaks in the outer skin that result from a continuously rigid connection of the wood are avoided. The soft soldered metal foil 10 is continued to drain the water into the gutter. The drainage holes 7, as shown in FIG. 1, are lined with a thin metal tube 11, which is corrugated on the circumference and thus permits longitudinal expansion, the ends 8 of which are crimped over the metal foil in the gutter or over the outer surface and soldered to both. Despite possible work of the wood or wood material core, the metal tube 11 in the drainage hole 7 is so flexible due to the corrugations that it can undergo any change in position and length without breaks and maintains its sealing function with respect to the underlying core 6.

Thus, the wood or wood-based material core 6 is protected against weathering on the outside of the window frame, particularly exposed to the weather, and the need to provide a protective layer in uncoated wooden windows at certain intervals is completely eliminated.

The window frame edge 5 visible from the apartment side is coated with a decorative laminate 4. According to the metal foil laminate 2, it can be attached using a double belt press under the influence of heat and pressure. The structure of the decorative laminate 4 is similar to that of the metal foil laminate 2, only there is a decorative film instead of the metal foil, which is provided with the desired print design. This can be a replica of a wooden surface or, if desired, another print. Since the inside of the window is not exposed to the weather, but to the constant living atmosphere, no metal foil is necessary to achieve weather resistance. To protect the decorative film, it is finished with the melamine resin-rich and therefore transparent overlay film, which has a high resistance to water and great hardness. The external press skin made of pure resin ensures that the surface is sealed, which in turn brings about the chemical resistance. The surface of the laminate 2 on the inside of the building can also have embossed structures, such as imitations of the wood pores or knobs, corrugations, etc.

Claims (4)

1. Window frames made of wood or wood-based materials, such as cement chipboard and the like, with a thermosetting laminate coating, characterized in that the edges (1) facing the weather on the outside of the building have a metal foil laminate (2), for example copper, aluminum or stainless steel foil laminate, are coated, in which, depending on the requirements of the underlying wooden core (6), the laminate (2) made of metal foil and the laminate core formed from several layers of thick paper soaked in binder are vapor-impermeable, vapor-permeable to the required extent through micropores, or both are semi-permeable in the desired direction, A shaped piece (9) made of thin metal foil (10) is soldered over the miter joints of the corner connections, which is corrugated in the joint area and is not connected by solder to the underlying metal surface of the outer laminate (2), the drainage holes (7) in the window frame with one on the circumference corrugated, allowing longitudinal stretching thin en metal pipe (11) are lined, the ends (8) of which are crimped over the metal foil (2) in the gutter or above the outer surface (1) and soldered to both, and the visible edges (5) of the window frame facing the inside of the building are marked with a decorative laminate (4) are coated. 2. Window frame according to claim 1, characterized in that the wood or wood material core (6) from glued together wooden strips (3) is formed. 3. Window frame according to claim 1 and 2, characterized in that the surface of the building foil metal laminate facing (2) or the surface of the building interior decorative laminate (4) or the surfaces of both laminates (2, 4) with a structure such as imitation the wooden pores, knobs, corrugations, etc. are provided. 4. Window frame according to claim 1 to 3, characterized in that the metal pipes (11) of the drainage bores (7) and the fittings (9) made of metal foil (10) attached in the joint area are corrugated to accommodate expansions occurring in the frame.

Images