EP0110924A1 - Procede pour la preparation d'olefines a poids moleculaire inferieur - Google Patents

Procede pour la preparation d'olefines a poids moleculaire inferieur

Info

Publication number
EP0110924A1
EP0110924A1 EP83901709A EP83901709A EP0110924A1 EP 0110924 A1 EP0110924 A1 EP 0110924A1 EP 83901709 A EP83901709 A EP 83901709A EP 83901709 A EP83901709 A EP 83901709A EP 0110924 A1 EP0110924 A1 EP 0110924A1
Authority
EP
European Patent Office
Prior art keywords
gas
methanol
cracking
cleavage
cracked gas
Prior art date
Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
Withdrawn
Application number
EP83901709A
Other languages
German (de)
English (en)
Inventor
Walter Schramm
Ulrich Hildebrandt
Wolfgang Baldus
Hans-Jürgen WERNICKE
Karl-Heinz Hofmann
Hans-Peter Riquarts
Ulrich Lahne
Peter HÄUSSINGER
Current Assignee (The listed assignees may be inaccurate. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation or warranty as to the accuracy of the list.)
Linde GmbH
Original Assignee
Linde GmbH
Priority date (The priority date is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the date listed.)
Filing date
Publication date
Priority claimed from DE19823220996 external-priority patent/DE3220996A1/de
Priority claimed from DE3220998A external-priority patent/DE3220998A1/de
Priority claimed from DE19823220999 external-priority patent/DE3220999A1/de
Priority claimed from DE19823220997 external-priority patent/DE3220997A1/de
Application filed by Linde GmbH filed Critical Linde GmbH
Publication of EP0110924A1 publication Critical patent/EP0110924A1/fr
Withdrawn legal-status Critical Current

Links

Classifications

    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F25—REFRIGERATION OR COOLING; COMBINED HEATING AND REFRIGERATION SYSTEMS; HEAT PUMP SYSTEMS; MANUFACTURE OR STORAGE OF ICE; LIQUEFACTION SOLIDIFICATION OF GASES
    • F25J—LIQUEFACTION, SOLIDIFICATION OR SEPARATION OF GASES OR GASEOUS OR LIQUEFIED GASEOUS MIXTURES BY PRESSURE AND COLD TREATMENT OR BY BRINGING THEM INTO THE SUPERCRITICAL STATE
    • F25J3/00—Processes or apparatus for separating the constituents of gaseous or liquefied gaseous mixtures involving the use of liquefaction or solidification
    • F25J3/02—Processes or apparatus for separating the constituents of gaseous or liquefied gaseous mixtures involving the use of liquefaction or solidification by rectification, i.e. by continuous interchange of heat and material between a vapour stream and a liquid stream
    • F25J3/0204—Processes or apparatus for separating the constituents of gaseous or liquefied gaseous mixtures involving the use of liquefaction or solidification by rectification, i.e. by continuous interchange of heat and material between a vapour stream and a liquid stream characterised by the feed stream
    • F25J3/0219—Refinery gas, cracking gas, coke oven gas, gaseous mixtures containing aliphatic unsaturated CnHm or gaseous mixtures of undefined nature
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C07—ORGANIC CHEMISTRY
    • C07C—ACYCLIC OR CARBOCYCLIC COMPOUNDS
    • C07C1/00—Preparation of hydrocarbons from one or more compounds, none of them being a hydrocarbon
    • C07C1/20—Preparation of hydrocarbons from one or more compounds, none of them being a hydrocarbon starting from organic compounds containing only oxygen atoms as heteroatoms
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C07—ORGANIC CHEMISTRY
    • C07C—ACYCLIC OR CARBOCYCLIC COMPOUNDS
    • C07C11/00—Aliphatic unsaturated hydrocarbons
    • C07C11/02—Alkenes
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C07—ORGANIC CHEMISTRY
    • C07C—ACYCLIC OR CARBOCYCLIC COMPOUNDS
    • C07C11/00—Aliphatic unsaturated hydrocarbons
    • C07C11/02—Alkenes
    • C07C11/04—Ethylene
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C07—ORGANIC CHEMISTRY
    • C07C—ACYCLIC OR CARBOCYCLIC COMPOUNDS
    • C07C11/00—Aliphatic unsaturated hydrocarbons
    • C07C11/02—Alkenes
    • C07C11/06—Propene
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C07—ORGANIC CHEMISTRY
    • C07C—ACYCLIC OR CARBOCYCLIC COMPOUNDS
    • C07C41/00—Preparation of ethers; Preparation of compounds having groups, groups or groups
    • C07C41/01—Preparation of ethers
    • C07C41/09—Preparation of ethers by dehydration of compounds containing hydroxy groups
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C07—ORGANIC CHEMISTRY
    • C07C—ACYCLIC OR CARBOCYCLIC COMPOUNDS
    • C07C7/00—Purification; Separation; Use of additives
    • C07C7/04—Purification; Separation; Use of additives by distillation
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F25—REFRIGERATION OR COOLING; COMBINED HEATING AND REFRIGERATION SYSTEMS; HEAT PUMP SYSTEMS; MANUFACTURE OR STORAGE OF ICE; LIQUEFACTION SOLIDIFICATION OF GASES
    • F25J—LIQUEFACTION, SOLIDIFICATION OR SEPARATION OF GASES OR GASEOUS OR LIQUEFIED GASEOUS MIXTURES BY PRESSURE AND COLD TREATMENT OR BY BRINGING THEM INTO THE SUPERCRITICAL STATE
    • F25J3/00—Processes or apparatus for separating the constituents of gaseous or liquefied gaseous mixtures involving the use of liquefaction or solidification
    • F25J3/02—Processes or apparatus for separating the constituents of gaseous or liquefied gaseous mixtures involving the use of liquefaction or solidification by rectification, i.e. by continuous interchange of heat and material between a vapour stream and a liquid stream
    • F25J3/0228—Processes or apparatus for separating the constituents of gaseous or liquefied gaseous mixtures involving the use of liquefaction or solidification by rectification, i.e. by continuous interchange of heat and material between a vapour stream and a liquid stream characterised by the separated product stream
    • F25J3/0233—Processes or apparatus for separating the constituents of gaseous or liquefied gaseous mixtures involving the use of liquefaction or solidification by rectification, i.e. by continuous interchange of heat and material between a vapour stream and a liquid stream characterised by the separated product stream separation of CnHm with 1 carbon atom or more
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F25—REFRIGERATION OR COOLING; COMBINED HEATING AND REFRIGERATION SYSTEMS; HEAT PUMP SYSTEMS; MANUFACTURE OR STORAGE OF ICE; LIQUEFACTION SOLIDIFICATION OF GASES
    • F25J—LIQUEFACTION, SOLIDIFICATION OR SEPARATION OF GASES OR GASEOUS OR LIQUEFIED GASEOUS MIXTURES BY PRESSURE AND COLD TREATMENT OR BY BRINGING THEM INTO THE SUPERCRITICAL STATE
    • F25J3/00—Processes or apparatus for separating the constituents of gaseous or liquefied gaseous mixtures involving the use of liquefaction or solidification
    • F25J3/02—Processes or apparatus for separating the constituents of gaseous or liquefied gaseous mixtures involving the use of liquefaction or solidification by rectification, i.e. by continuous interchange of heat and material between a vapour stream and a liquid stream
    • F25J3/0228—Processes or apparatus for separating the constituents of gaseous or liquefied gaseous mixtures involving the use of liquefaction or solidification by rectification, i.e. by continuous interchange of heat and material between a vapour stream and a liquid stream characterised by the separated product stream
    • F25J3/0238—Processes or apparatus for separating the constituents of gaseous or liquefied gaseous mixtures involving the use of liquefaction or solidification by rectification, i.e. by continuous interchange of heat and material between a vapour stream and a liquid stream characterised by the separated product stream separation of CnHm with 2 carbon atoms or more
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F25—REFRIGERATION OR COOLING; COMBINED HEATING AND REFRIGERATION SYSTEMS; HEAT PUMP SYSTEMS; MANUFACTURE OR STORAGE OF ICE; LIQUEFACTION SOLIDIFICATION OF GASES
    • F25J—LIQUEFACTION, SOLIDIFICATION OR SEPARATION OF GASES OR GASEOUS OR LIQUEFIED GASEOUS MIXTURES BY PRESSURE AND COLD TREATMENT OR BY BRINGING THEM INTO THE SUPERCRITICAL STATE
    • F25J3/00—Processes or apparatus for separating the constituents of gaseous or liquefied gaseous mixtures involving the use of liquefaction or solidification
    • F25J3/02—Processes or apparatus for separating the constituents of gaseous or liquefied gaseous mixtures involving the use of liquefaction or solidification by rectification, i.e. by continuous interchange of heat and material between a vapour stream and a liquid stream
    • F25J3/0228—Processes or apparatus for separating the constituents of gaseous or liquefied gaseous mixtures involving the use of liquefaction or solidification by rectification, i.e. by continuous interchange of heat and material between a vapour stream and a liquid stream characterised by the separated product stream
    • F25J3/0242—Processes or apparatus for separating the constituents of gaseous or liquefied gaseous mixtures involving the use of liquefaction or solidification by rectification, i.e. by continuous interchange of heat and material between a vapour stream and a liquid stream characterised by the separated product stream separation of CnHm with 3 carbon atoms or more
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F25—REFRIGERATION OR COOLING; COMBINED HEATING AND REFRIGERATION SYSTEMS; HEAT PUMP SYSTEMS; MANUFACTURE OR STORAGE OF ICE; LIQUEFACTION SOLIDIFICATION OF GASES
    • F25J—LIQUEFACTION, SOLIDIFICATION OR SEPARATION OF GASES OR GASEOUS OR LIQUEFIED GASEOUS MIXTURES BY PRESSURE AND COLD TREATMENT OR BY BRINGING THEM INTO THE SUPERCRITICAL STATE
    • F25J2205/00—Processes or apparatus using other separation and/or other processing means
    • F25J2205/02—Processes or apparatus using other separation and/or other processing means using simple phase separation in a vessel or drum
    • F25J2205/04—Processes or apparatus using other separation and/or other processing means using simple phase separation in a vessel or drum in the feed line, i.e. upstream of the fractionation step
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F25—REFRIGERATION OR COOLING; COMBINED HEATING AND REFRIGERATION SYSTEMS; HEAT PUMP SYSTEMS; MANUFACTURE OR STORAGE OF ICE; LIQUEFACTION SOLIDIFICATION OF GASES
    • F25J—LIQUEFACTION, SOLIDIFICATION OR SEPARATION OF GASES OR GASEOUS OR LIQUEFIED GASEOUS MIXTURES BY PRESSURE AND COLD TREATMENT OR BY BRINGING THEM INTO THE SUPERCRITICAL STATE
    • F25J2210/00—Processes characterised by the type or other details of the feed stream
    • F25J2210/04—Mixing or blending of fluids with the feed stream
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F25—REFRIGERATION OR COOLING; COMBINED HEATING AND REFRIGERATION SYSTEMS; HEAT PUMP SYSTEMS; MANUFACTURE OR STORAGE OF ICE; LIQUEFACTION SOLIDIFICATION OF GASES
    • F25J—LIQUEFACTION, SOLIDIFICATION OR SEPARATION OF GASES OR GASEOUS OR LIQUEFIED GASEOUS MIXTURES BY PRESSURE AND COLD TREATMENT OR BY BRINGING THEM INTO THE SUPERCRITICAL STATE
    • F25J2210/00—Processes characterised by the type or other details of the feed stream
    • F25J2210/12—Refinery or petrochemical off-gas
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F25—REFRIGERATION OR COOLING; COMBINED HEATING AND REFRIGERATION SYSTEMS; HEAT PUMP SYSTEMS; MANUFACTURE OR STORAGE OF ICE; LIQUEFACTION SOLIDIFICATION OF GASES
    • F25J—LIQUEFACTION, SOLIDIFICATION OR SEPARATION OF GASES OR GASEOUS OR LIQUEFIED GASEOUS MIXTURES BY PRESSURE AND COLD TREATMENT OR BY BRINGING THEM INTO THE SUPERCRITICAL STATE
    • F25J2215/00—Processes characterised by the type or other details of the product stream
    • F25J2215/62—Ethane or ethylene
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F25—REFRIGERATION OR COOLING; COMBINED HEATING AND REFRIGERATION SYSTEMS; HEAT PUMP SYSTEMS; MANUFACTURE OR STORAGE OF ICE; LIQUEFACTION SOLIDIFICATION OF GASES
    • F25J—LIQUEFACTION, SOLIDIFICATION OR SEPARATION OF GASES OR GASEOUS OR LIQUEFIED GASEOUS MIXTURES BY PRESSURE AND COLD TREATMENT OR BY BRINGING THEM INTO THE SUPERCRITICAL STATE
    • F25J2220/00—Processes or apparatus involving steps for the removal of impurities
    • F25J2220/02—Separating impurities in general from the feed stream
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F25—REFRIGERATION OR COOLING; COMBINED HEATING AND REFRIGERATION SYSTEMS; HEAT PUMP SYSTEMS; MANUFACTURE OR STORAGE OF ICE; LIQUEFACTION SOLIDIFICATION OF GASES
    • F25J—LIQUEFACTION, SOLIDIFICATION OR SEPARATION OF GASES OR GASEOUS OR LIQUEFIED GASEOUS MIXTURES BY PRESSURE AND COLD TREATMENT OR BY BRINGING THEM INTO THE SUPERCRITICAL STATE
    • F25J2230/00—Processes or apparatus involving steps for increasing the pressure of gaseous process streams
    • F25J2230/30—Compression of the feed stream
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F25—REFRIGERATION OR COOLING; COMBINED HEATING AND REFRIGERATION SYSTEMS; HEAT PUMP SYSTEMS; MANUFACTURE OR STORAGE OF ICE; LIQUEFACTION SOLIDIFICATION OF GASES
    • F25J—LIQUEFACTION, SOLIDIFICATION OR SEPARATION OF GASES OR GASEOUS OR LIQUEFIED GASEOUS MIXTURES BY PRESSURE AND COLD TREATMENT OR BY BRINGING THEM INTO THE SUPERCRITICAL STATE
    • F25J2245/00—Processes or apparatus involving steps for recycling of process streams
    • F25J2245/02—Recycle of a stream in general, e.g. a by-pass stream
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F25—REFRIGERATION OR COOLING; COMBINED HEATING AND REFRIGERATION SYSTEMS; HEAT PUMP SYSTEMS; MANUFACTURE OR STORAGE OF ICE; LIQUEFACTION SOLIDIFICATION OF GASES
    • F25J—LIQUEFACTION, SOLIDIFICATION OR SEPARATION OF GASES OR GASEOUS OR LIQUEFIED GASEOUS MIXTURES BY PRESSURE AND COLD TREATMENT OR BY BRINGING THEM INTO THE SUPERCRITICAL STATE
    • F25J2270/00—Refrigeration techniques used
    • F25J2270/12—External refrigeration with liquid vaporising loop
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F25—REFRIGERATION OR COOLING; COMBINED HEATING AND REFRIGERATION SYSTEMS; HEAT PUMP SYSTEMS; MANUFACTURE OR STORAGE OF ICE; LIQUEFACTION SOLIDIFICATION OF GASES
    • F25J—LIQUEFACTION, SOLIDIFICATION OR SEPARATION OF GASES OR GASEOUS OR LIQUEFIED GASEOUS MIXTURES BY PRESSURE AND COLD TREATMENT OR BY BRINGING THEM INTO THE SUPERCRITICAL STATE
    • F25J2270/00—Refrigeration techniques used
    • F25J2270/60—Closed external refrigeration cycle with single component refrigerant [SCR], e.g. C1-, C2- or C3-hydrocarbons
    • Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
    • Y02P—CLIMATE CHANGE MITIGATION TECHNOLOGIES IN THE PRODUCTION OR PROCESSING OF GOODS
    • Y02P30/00—Technologies relating to oil refining and petrochemical industry
    • Y02P30/20—Technologies relating to oil refining and petrochemical industry using bio-feedstock
    • Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
    • Y02P—CLIMATE CHANGE MITIGATION TECHNOLOGIES IN THE PRODUCTION OR PROCESSING OF GOODS
    • Y02P30/00—Technologies relating to oil refining and petrochemical industry
    • Y02P30/40—Ethylene production

Definitions

  • the invention relates to a. Process for the production of low molecular weight olefins by catalytic cleavage of methanol.
  • Low molecular weight olefins in particular ethylene and propylene, but also butylene are important chemical intermediates which are required in large quantities; conventional processes for the production of these olefins are based on the splitting of hydrocarbons, for example ethane, propane, light gasoline, naphtha or kerosene. It is particularly cheap
  • a cracking gas is generated from the feed material used, which contains, in addition to the desired olefins, further reaction products.
  • the cracked gas must be subjected to extensive gas decomposition.
  • the catalytically accelerated exothermic splitting of methanol has already been considered.
  • the reaction is carried out at temperatures around 400 ° C., for example between 300 and 500 ° C., and at atmospheric or moderately elevated pressure, for example between 1 and 30 bar.
  • the lower pressure range for example between 1 and 12 bar, in particular between 7 and 12 bar, is preferred in the production of light olefins, since the choice of higher pressures shifts the product spectrum to less desirable components.
  • the methanol cleavage essentially takes place in two stages. First, methanol is converted to dimethyl ether according to the reaction equation
  • reaction conditions are chosen favorably, cracked gases with an ethylene content of more than 40% by weight and comparable propylene contents can be generated.
  • the cracked gas also contains butylene in an amount of about 1% by weight to more than 10% by weight.
  • methanol fission gases are characterized by a low content of methane and hydrogen and, in particular when fissioning under low pressure, by a small proportion of higher-boiling hydrocarbons.
  • the methanol cracked gas is particularly suitable for the production of low molecular weight olefins, since in gas separation there is already a high concentration of the products to be separated off and a small proportion of by-products.
  • the cracked gas composition which differs from the usual splitting of hydrocarbons usually requires a special procedure for gas separation which is matched to the gas composition, so that the usual gas separation processes cannot be readily transferred to the process according to the invention. It was therefore an object of the invention to develop a process for the favorable processing of methanol cracked gas.
  • This object is achieved in that the methanol-cracked gas is cooled, cleaned, optionally compressed and, after a C 3+ fraction has been separated off, fed to a low-temperature gas separation in which a C./C separation and a separation the C fraction into a thanstrom and an ethylene product stream.
  • the cracked gas if it is not already generated under sufficiently high pressure, is compressed, then after precooling to temperatures between -30 and -50 ° C., for example to -35 ° C., a separation of C 3 - Subjected hydrocarbons and higher-boiling components and then cooled to a temperature which is favorable for the isolation of a fraction of C-hydrocarbons, for example to temperatures around -100 ° C., as can be achieved by a C 1-4 cooling circuit.
  • Ethylene is separated off as the desired product from the C 1 -C fraction separated off, which also contains ethane in addition to ethylene. If small amounts of acetylene are present in the C 2 fraction, these are removed for safety reasons before the ethylene-ethane separation, for example by washing or by selective hydrogenation.
  • a first special feature of the process according to the invention takes into account the small proportion of methane and hydrogen in the methanol cracked gas and the resulting problems when performing the C./C 2 separation.
  • a C 2 -free fraction should be taken off at the top of the separation column, since ethylene contained in this fraction would lead directly to a reduction in the product yield. For this it is necessary.
  • the head cooling can be carried out, for example, by indirect cooling with ethylene boiling under low pressure.
  • Another type of head cooling preferred when carrying out the process according to the invention is that methane is separated from the cracked gas at temperatures below -95 ° C is used as the cooling medium.
  • direct cooling is particularly preferred, in which cryogenic liquid methane is applied to the top of the separation column as reflux. The liquid methane is separated from the cracked gas at temperatures below about -95 ° C., that is to say at a lower temperature level than can be achieved by a C 2 cooling circuit.
  • the temperature of the cooling liquid can be between -120 and -150 ° C, for example around -130 ° C. Due to the low methanol content of the cracked gas of a methanol crack, it is not easily possible to use a sufficient amount for the C./C 2 separation column to provide methane as a cooling liquid. It is therefore an essential feature of this variant of the invention that at least part of the methane fraction which is drawn off at the top of the C./C separation column is recycled. Just the amount. Methane, which is not required for the procedure in the low temperature section, is drawn off and used, for example, as heating gas.
  • the methane can be recycled in various ways; for example, it can be returned to the top of the C./C 2 separation column in a separate circuit.
  • This type of recycling has the advantage that there is no mixing of the methane with other fractions, but requires a special compressor and additional heat exchangers or separate heat exchanger sections. It is therefore in many cases easier to guide the medium to be recycled into the cracked gas at a suitable pressure stage and to further process it together with it.
  • a suitable refrigerant is a condensate which is obtained when the cracked gas is cooled in the last pressure stage of a multi-stage C refrigeration cycle, that is to say at temperatures between approximately -80 ° C. and approximately -95 ° C.
  • the condensate formed is rich in methane and also contains small amounts of hydrocarbons. This condensate is expanded under • • cooling and warmed again in the indirect heat exchange with the remaining, only methane and optionally hydrogen-containing ga ⁇ - ⁇ shaped portion of the cracked gas and ver ⁇ evaporated.
  • the condensate After the condensate has thus delivered the required for the generation of methane retrace cold, it will, after further heating by indirect heat exchange with process streams to be cooled again, preferably the crude gas supplied to and reused 'Zerlegungs ⁇ the subject methods. In this way, the C 2 hydrocarbons still present in this fraction, in particular ethylene, are not lost.
  • a second special feature of the method according to the invention is the utilization of the ethane obtained in the ethylene-ethane separation. Since this gas, which is relatively worthless in itself, is a favorable use for thermal cleavage for the production of low molecular weight olefins, it is subjected to such a cleavage in order to increase the olefin yield of the process according to the invention.
  • This cleavage which is carried out, for example, at temperatures between 750 and 900 ° C in a heated tubular reactor with very short residence times, for example between 0.1 and 1 sec, and in the presence of water vapor, provides an ethylene-rich cracking gas which is used to prevent secondary reactions is cooled very quickly and is then broken down together with the cracked gas from the methanol cracking.
  • the thermal cleavage of the separated propane can under certain circumstances be carried out together with the thermal cleavage of the ethane fraction, as a result of which a plant for carrying out the process can be reduced by one thermal cleavage stage.
  • the methanol splitting can also be coupled with a conventional process for splitting gaseous or liquid hydrocarbons under normal conditions. Even in such a case, it is expedient to process the cracking gas obtained by such an additional thermal cracking together with the cracking gas from the cracking of methanol, since the considerable effort for an additional gas separation can thereby be avoided.
  • a propane fraction which may have been separated and thermally cleaved can also be processed together with the feed stream to be cleaved additionally. Which fractions are to be subjected to the thermal cleavage individually or separately from one another is determined in the individual case from the nature of the starting materials and the volume flows obtained on the basis of a customary economic analysis.
  • the cracked gases occurring in the process according to the invention usually contain. Impurities which would interfere with the gas separation to be carried out at low temperatures. While the cracking gases from the thermal cracking contain higher-boiling hydrocarbons and sulfur compounds as undesirable constituents, this is especially the case with dimethyl ether methanol, which has not been reacted.
  • the proportion of this component which can lead to difficulties in the gas decomposition to be carried out at low temperatures, depends on the reaction conditions present in each case and can vary considerably, for example in the range between 1 and and 25% by weight, in some cases even outside this range. It is therefore expedient to separate these components from the respective fission gases before they are processed together.
  • the removal of the dimethyl ether from the methanol cracked gas is preferably also carried out at an elevated pressure.
  • the methanol decomposition is carried out at an elevated pressure, for example at pressures 5-12 bar, carried out, it is possible urchhunt the gap gas purification at this pressure '.
  • the methanol cracking gas is washed, in which, in addition to the dimethyl ether, annoying carbon dioxide is washed out.
  • the cleaned cracked gas which then essentially only contains C-- to C ⁇ -hydrocarbons, can then be broken down in a low-temperature gas separation plant.
  • the washing is carried out at superatmospheric pressure, since the gas volume to be cleaned and the amount of washing liquid required are then considerably reduced, which in turn leads to significantly smaller components and thus cost savings. .
  • the detergent loaded with diethyl ether and carbon dioxide after it has been removed from the washing stage, is subjected to partial regeneration by relaxation or heating.
  • the low-boiling components dimethyl ether and carbon dioxide then at least partially outgas from the washing liquid.
  • the detergent can then be regenerated in a relatively simple manner.
  • the cracked gas can be carried out with any suitable detergent, for example with methanol, ethanol, water or mixtures thereof.
  • the washing is carried out with methanol.
  • methanol is used anyway as a gap insert and is therefore introduced into the process as an insert anyway. It is therefore not necessary to provide an additional substance as a detergent. Washing with methanol is also particularly advantageous because the loaded detergent does not have to be regenerated in a separate process step, but can be fed directly to the methanol cleavage. Since the unreacted dimethyl ether is returned to the cleavage in this way, the yield of desired cleavage products is also increased.
  • the methanol cleavage essentially comprises two partial reactions, namely first the conversion of methanol to dimethyl ether and then the generation of the cracked gas from the dimethyl ether. These two partial reactions can take place in a single reactor if a suitable catalyst is used. However, it is also possible to largely separate the individual reactions from one another and to carry them out in different reactors. If the methanol cleavage contains a special reactor for the cleavage of the intermediate dimethyl ether, it is particularly expedient to introduce the gas resulting from the degassing of the detergent directly into this second reaction stage. After degassing the detergent as liquid, partially regenerated washing methanol can then be fed to the first reaction stage together with fresh methanol. The sub-fractions of the detergent that occur during the relaxation are thus each - 1 2 -
  • the methanol cleavage is carried out in a one-step process, it is in many cases advantageous to convert the dimethyl ether-rich gas obtained in the degassing of the detergent in a separate cleavage step connected in parallel with the methanol cleavage.
  • the dimethyl ether-rich gas obtained in the degassing of the detergent in a separate cleavage step connected in parallel with the methanol cleavage.
  • the separation of the carbon dioxide from the outgassed fraction which essentially contains carbon dioxide and dimethyl ether, can be achieved by washing with water. It a wash water laden with dimethyl ether is obtained which, after relaxation, can be passed directly to the cleavage, while the carbon dioxide which has not been washed out is drawn off as residual gas.
  • Another feature of the invention finally relates to a special type of cooling of the cracked gas in cases in which a hydrocarbon cracking is also carried out in parallel with the methanol cracking.
  • the special process control is characterized in that the cooling of the methanol cracked gases takes place at least partially with the generation of steam under increased pressure, the cracked gas of the thermal cracking is cooled at least partially with the generation of steam under increased pressure , the cooled cracked gases are compressed if necessary and jointly fed to the cracked gas decomposition, the steam obtained during the cooling of the cracked gases being expanded to perform the work and the energy thus obtained is at least partially used for compressing the cracked gases.
  • This process variant is based on two different cracking inserts, namely on the one hand the usual thermal cracking of hydrocarbons and on the other hand the catalytic cracking of methanol.
  • the use of the two feed streams permits a particularly high flexibility of the process, since the change in the relative feed amount enables rapid adaptation to different conditions of the raw material supply.
  • the thermal cleavage is carried out under customary reaction conditions, that is to say in an externally heated tubular reactor at temperatures between 750 and 900 ° C., for example at 830 ° C., with short residence times of 0.1 to 1 sec. In Cracking furnace and at atmospheric or slightly elevated pressure. The very reactive gas that occurs at high temperature is immediately quenched to temperatures at which undesired side reactions no longer occur.
  • the compression of the cracked gas to the pressure of the gas separation is associated with a high expenditure of energy.
  • this energy is applied at least in part by the fact that high-pressure steam, which is generated during the cooling of the two fission gases obtained separately from one another, is expanded on work strips.
  • Steam generation from the cracking gas of the thermal cracking can take place in the usual way, that is to say by indirect heat exchange of evaporating water with the hot cracking gases emerging from the tubular reactor.
  • the heat of reaction obtained in the catalytic methanol cleavage can be used in various ways to generate steam.
  • the reactor can be designed in one or more stages, the hot escaping fission gases entering into indirect heat exchange with a cooling medium, or cooling can already take place in the reactor itself, for example by embedding cooling tubes in a catalyst bed or by rinsing tubes filled with catalyst with a coolant.
  • the cooled heat transfer medium can be heated again against heat of reaction and in the
  • Suitable heat transfer media for such a configuration of the _. Invention are, for example, circulating salt melts.
  • Another advantageous heat transfer medium is a quench oil, which is used in the usual cooling of the cracked gases by thermal cracking of hydrocarbons.
  • quench oil is a high-boiling hydrocarbon fraction which is injected into the pre-cooled cracked gas from the thermal cracking, which results in a further reduction in the temperature of the cracked gas under the condensation of high-boiling cracked products.
  • the quench oil is then withdrawn from the cracked gas and, after cooling in an open circuit, returned to the cracked gas.
  • 25 provides that a portion of the quench oil used in the cooling of the thermal cracking gas is drawn off and conducted as a heat carrier for removing the heat of reaction of the methanol cracking in the circuit. A portion of fresh quench oil is continuously added to this cycle. 30 conducts as well as a corresponding amount of excess
  • Quench oil removed This prevents decomposition products which form from the quench oil circulated at high terroera acids from settling and lead to inadequate heat dissipation.
  • the quench oil removed from the circuit can be returned to the quench oil circuit be returned to the thermal cleavage.
  • the amount of the freshly added or withdrawn quench oil can vary within a wide range, taking into account the respective special conditions.
  • a proportion of 3 to 30% by weight of fresh quench oil in the heat transfer circuit is favorable; the fresh proportion should preferably be between 5 and 25% by weight, in particular between 10 and 20% by weight.
  • FIG. 1 shows a block diagram which shows the essential process steps for olefin recovery by methanol cleavage
  • FIG. 2 shows a procedure specifically designed for C 1 / C 2 separation
  • FIG. 3 the methanol splitting takes place in one stage, in - 17 -
  • FIG. 4 the methanol splitting takes place in two splitting stages connected in series, and in
  • FIG. 5 shows a modification of the method according to FIG. 4,
  • FIG. 6 shows a procedure specifically designed for cracked gas cooling.
  • a mixture of methanol and water is fed to reactor 2 via line 1 and is converted catalytically therein to a cracking gas at temperatures of 400 ° C. and at a pressure of 3 bar.
  • the addition of water to the methanol is expedient in order to prevent or at least delay the catalyst particles from killing in the reactor.
  • the methanol cracked gas is withdrawn via line 3, compressed to an intermediate pressure in the compressor 4 and then fed via line 5 'to a cleaning stage 6, in which the dimethyl ether contained in the cracked gas and any carbon dioxide present are separated off.
  • the cleaned cracked gas then passes via line 7 to the cracking gas pressor 8 and is compressed there to the pressure of the low-temperature gas separation, for example a pressure between 22 and 30 bar.
  • the cracked gas then passes through line 9 into a pre-cooling 10, in which it is cooled to a temperature between about -30 and -50 ° C, for example by a multi-stage propane circuit to temperatures of -35 ° C.
  • a pre-cooling 10 in which it is cooled to a temperature between about -30 and -50 ° C, for example by a multi-stage propane circuit to temperatures of -35 ° C.
  • the condensing C hydrocarbons and higher-boiling constituents are then separated off in the C / C separation 11 and taken off via line 12.
  • the remaining C 2 _ fraction is in the low-temperature part 13, which at temperatures below the pre-cooling up to about -120 to
  • the fraction drawn off via line 14 is fed to the decomposition part 16, in which demethanization takes place.
  • the hot cracked gas emerges from the heated tube reactor 24 via line 25 and is immediately cooled in a quenching device 26 to such an extent that no secondary
  • the remaining fission gas is fed to a first compressor stage 28 and compressed to an intermediate pressure. Since the ethane cracking gas contains small amounts of disruptive parts in the low temperature section
  • the cleaned cracked gas is then combined with the methanol cracked gas from line 7 and broken down in the manner already described.
  • a C, fraction occurs in line 12, which at -30 is broken down into a C 3 fraction and heavier hydrocarbons which are drawn off via line 31.
  • the C 3 fraction is drawn off via line 32 and, if appropriate after a selective hydrogenation of more unsaturated compounds, a propylene-propane
  • cleaned cracked gas which in addition to methanol cracked gas may also contain thermal cracked gas
  • the cracked gas then passes through line 9 into the pre-cooling 10, where it is cooled against process streams to be heated and an evaporating and circulating cooling medium (not shown in the figure).
  • C 3 ⁇ and higher-boiling hydrocarbons condense and are separated from the cracked gas in the separator 39 ' and drawn off via line 40.
  • the gaseous components are fed via line 41 to a heat exchanger 42 and cooled to a temperature of about -60 ° C. in a refrigeration cycle against cold process flows and against ethylene evaporating at elevated pressure.
  • Condensing components are in the separator 43 separated and fed via line 44 and valve 45 into the lower region of the C./C 2 separation column 46.
  • the components remaining in gaseous form in the separator 43 reach a further heat exchanger 48 via line 47 and are further cooled to about -80 ° C. in a refrigeration cycle against cold process streams and ethylene evaporating at medium pressure.
  • the components which condense in this process are separated in the separator 49 and likewise fed into the C./C 2 separation column 46 via line 50 and valve 51. Because of the greater content of lower-boiling constituents, the fraction is introduced into the C. / C 2 separation column at a point above the feed point mentioned above.
  • the gas phase in the separator 49 is comprised essentially of lower than C 2 hydrocarbons "boiling components, ie, in particular from methane and hydrogen, and still has a low content of C 2 hydrocarbons from.
  • This gas is withdrawn via line 52 and heat exchanger 53 against pressurelessly evaporating ethylene in a refrigeration cycle and against cold process streams cooled down to a temperature of about -95 ° C.
  • This condensate separated in the separator 54 drawn off via line 55, subcooled in the heat exchanger 56 and then relaxed with cooling in the valve 57.
  • Fission gas returned in line 38 By recycling this stream into the decomposition process, the ⁇ hydrocarbons still contained in the condensate of the separator 54 are also used, which increases the yield of valuable components.
  • a condensate is formed in the separator 60, which essentially consists of methane.
  • the uncondensed fraction of the cracked gas only contains
  • Hydrogen and methane It is drawn off via line 61 and, after its cold contents have been released, can be released in the heat exchangers 56, 53, 48, 42 and 10, for example as heating gas.
  • the condensed methane is drawn off via line 62 and fed via valve 63 to the top of the C./ ⁇ separating column as reflux liquid.
  • the use of a pure and cryogenic methane fraction as reflux for the C./C 2 separation column ensures that a methane fraction which contains almost no C_-hydrocarbons is withdrawn at the top of the separation column 46 via line 64. in the
  • a pure C 2 fraction is obtained, which is fed via line 65 and valve 66 into an ethylene-ethane separation column 67. If the C 2 fraction from the bottom of the separation column 46 still contains traces of acetylene, a device for separating the acetylene is connected between the two separation columns. In the separating column 67, ethylene is obtained as the top product and drawn off via line 68. This fraction is released as a product after heating against process streams to be cooled. At the bottom of the separating column 67, a pure ethane fraction is obtained, which is drawn off via line 69 and, after heating, is thermally split, for example in accordance with the procedure shown in FIG. 1.
  • the top product of the C./C- j separation column 46 is via line 64
  • the methane returned via line 70 will remain largely in the gas phase during cooling in the heat exchangers 10, 42 and 48 and thus increase the methane content in the deep-freezer, so that sufficient measures of condensate in the separators 54 and 60 are achieved by this measure attack.
  • fresh methanol is introduced via line 1 and at 2 is divided into a partial stream 3 to be fed to the cleavage and a partial stream 4 to be fed to the laundry.
  • the amount of the partial stream drawn off via line 4 depends on the detergent requirement in the laundry and can, if appropriate, be the
  • the methanol enters the upper area of the washing column 5 and washes dimethyl ether and carbon dioxide out of the rising cracking gases introduced via line 6.
  • the detergent loaded with these components is drawn off via line 7 and in valve 8 from the pressure of the laundry, which is, for example, in the range between 7 and 10 bar, to the pressure of the methanol cleavage, for example to a pressure between 1 and 2 bar, relaxed.
  • Components which degas during expansion and essentially consist of dimethyl ether and carbon dioxide are separated off in separator 9.
  • the methanol partially regenerated in this way is discharged via line 10 and fed together with the partial stream 3 to the methanol cleavage 11 via line 12.
  • the reactor 11 contains a catalyst which is suitable both for the conversion of methanol into dimethyl ether and for the further conversion to the desired cracking gas.
  • the exothermic reaction is kept at a temperature of approximately 400 ° C. by suitable control measures and the cracked gas is then cooled and drawn off via line 14.
  • water condensing is separated in the separator 15 and drawn off via line 16.
  • a partial flow of the water reaches the head of the washing column 5 via line 17 and washes methanol vapors in the upper area of the washing column from the cleaned cracked gas, so that the cracked gas withdrawn via line 18 no longer contains any disturbing impurities.
  • Another partial flow 19 of the separated condensate can, for example, be led to line 13 and re-enter the split 11.
  • the gas emerging from the separator 15 passes via line 20 to the compressor 21, in which it is compressed to the pressure of the methanol wash, and then via line 6 into the washing column 5.
  • the cleavage takes place under conditions similar to those in the cleavage 11, but at lower reaction temperatures of about 300 ° C.
  • the escaping cracked gas is withdrawn via line 24 and mixed with the cracked gas in line 14.
  • the carbon dioxide content of the gas in line 22 suppresses the tendency to coke in the reactor 23. If the amount of carbon dioxide in this gas fraction is not sufficient to provide adequate protection against the coking, a further partial flow of the in the separator can be provided via line 25 15 recovered water can be fed into the gas in line 22.
  • the methanol-water mixture separated in the separator 9 can be divided into two partial streams, the portion withdrawn via line 10 in turn being fed to the methanol cleavage, while a partial stream withdrawn via line 26 through the pump 27 as a pre-loaded detergent is conveyed into an area of the washing column 5 below the feed point of the line 4.
  • FIG. 4 differs from that of FIG. 3 in that the cleavage does not take place in two reactors operated in parallel, but in two series-connected reactors.
  • O PI Mixture of methanol and water to be fed via line 12 to the methanol cleavage is subjected to dimethyl ether synthesis in a first reactor 28, whereupon the reaction product enters via line 29 into the second reaction stage 30, in which a dimethyl ether cleavage takes place.
  • the fission gas generated in the process is further processed in the manner already described.
  • the gas fraction obtained in the separator 9 is fed via line 22 to the input of the second reaction stage 30.
  • the embodiment shown in FIG. 5 differs from that of FIG. 4 in that carbon dioxide is separated from the gas fraction obtained during the partial regeneration of the detergent.
  • the loaded detergent withdrawn via line 7 from the bottom of the washing column is heated in the heat exchanger 31, as a result of which carbon dioxide and dimethyl ether largely pass into the gas phase.
  • the separator 9, in which the degassing components are separated from the detergent can be designed as a decanter in order to separate higher hydrocarbons washed out from the cracked gas. Such a design of the separator 9 is moreover also possible in the preceding exemplary embodiments.
  • the water used for the washing can be a partial flow of the water which is separated from the cracked gas in the separator 15.
  • a mixture of water and diethyl ether is obtained in the liquid phase, which is drawn off via line 35, expanded in valve 36 to the pressure of the cleavage and after mixing is fed to the gap stage 30 with the gas obtained in line 29.
  • the separation of the carbon dioxide can be carried out in a corresponding manner when carrying out a process according to the exemplary embodiment in FIG. 3.
  • a hydrocarbon for example ethane, propane, naphtha or a gas oil
  • the cracking furnace 2 is a tube reactor in which the cracking insert is carried out through the tubes which are heated from the outside.
  • the energy required for the endothermic reaction is provided by the combustion of a heating medium supplied via line 3.
  • Hot flue gases emerge from the cracking furnace via line 4 and are fed to a chimney 6 after heat recovery in the heat exchanger 5 and possibly further heat exchangers (not shown in the figure).
  • Fission gases are fed directly into a first heat exchanger 8 and cooled to such an extent against water boiling under high pressure that there are no longer any undesirable side reactions.
  • the precooled cracked gas usually has a temperature between 350 and 480 ° C.
  • the lowest possible outlet temperature from the heat exchanger 8 is aimed at, whereby however the dew point of the gap gases must not be undercut in order to avoid contamination or laying of the heat exchanger and the subsequent lines.
  • a cooled quench oil is injected into the pre-cooled cracked gas drawn off via line 9 at 10 for further cooling.
  • the cracked gas Due to the direct heat exchange with the quench oil, the cracked gas is cooled further to below the dew point, so that high-boiling cracked products condense.
  • the mixture of cracked gas and quench oil is passed into an oil wash 11, in which condensed constituents are washed out of the cracked gas stream, for this purpose a high-boiling hydrocarbon fraction is fed to the top of the oil wash column 11 via line 12.
  • the cracked gas which now has a temperature of between about 100 and 120 ° C., is drawn off from the top of the oil washing column 11 via line 13 and, after further cooling and optionally cleaning 14, is fed via line 15 to the cracked gas compressor 16.
  • the compressed cracked gas then passes via line 17 into the low-temperature gas separation, not shown in the drawing.
  • a methanol splitting is carried out in parallel with the splitting of the hydrocarbons, for which purpose a mixture of methanol and water is fed to the reactor 19 via line 18.
  • the catalytic conversion takes place at temperatures of 400 ° C. and at a pressure of 3 bar in a reactor cooled internally by cooling tubes 20.
  • the addition of water to the methanol is expedient in order to prevent coking of the catalyst particles in the reactor or at least to delay them.
  • the methanol cracked gas is withdrawn via line 21 and, after cooling, optionally a cleaning treatment 22 is fed via line 23 to the cracked gas compressor 16 and compressed together with the cracked gas from the thermal cracking.
  • a quench oil cycle is maintained.
  • Quench oil injected into the cracked gas in line 9 is separated off in the oil wash column 11 and withdrawn from the bottom of the column 11 together with condensed constituents of the cracked gas via line 24.
  • the circulated portion is conveyed via line 25 and the pump 26 into a heat exchanger 27, in which the splitting gas is supplied to a via line 28 and the Line 29 drawn cooling medium, for example water boiling under medium pressure, is cooled.
  • the cooled quench oil is then injected via line 30 and valve 31 at 10 into hot cracked gas in line 9.
  • a partial flow is branched off via line 32 and control valve 33 and fed to a quench oil circuit which flows through the heat exchanger 20 of the methanol splitting and removes the heat of reaction from the methanol splitting.
  • the quench oil circuit consists of a circulation pump 34, the downstream heat exchanger 20, in which the quench oil is heated, and the heat exchanger 35, in which the hot quench oil is cooled against water boiling under high pressure. From the cooled quench oil, which exits the heat exchanger 35 via line 36, a partial flow is drawn off via line 37 and valve 38, which is returned to line 30 at 39.
  • the amount of quench oil withdrawn from the circuit via line 37 corresponds to the amount of fresh quench oil supplied via line 32.
  • the steam system of the process shown in FIG. 6 contains a steam drum 40, which is fed via line 41 with water under high pressure, which has been heated to close to the boiling point by heat exchange with hot process streams. Water is conducted via line 42 to the heat exchanger 8 and partially steams therein.
  • the energy obtained during the work-relieving expansion of the steam in the turbine 48 is fed to the fission gas compressor 16 via a shaft 50 and used to drive it.
  • the -Spaltgasverdich ⁇ schematically illustrated in Figure 6 tung 16 and the work-performing expansion of the fes 48 Damp can each be carried out in several stages.
  • steam generated in the steam drum 40 at a pressure of approximately 110 bar can first be heated to an average pressure of approximately 40 bar, then in a further relaxation stage to a pressure of approximately 15 bar and finally to a low pressure. for example in the range from 2 to 5 bar.
  • the cracked gas compression can also be divided into three or four compressor stages.

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Abstract

On les obtient par fractionnement catalytique du méthanol. Le gaz méthanol fractionné est refroidi, purifié, le cas échéant comprimé et après séparation d'une fraction C3+, amené à une étape de décomposition à basse température, au cours de laquelle on effectue une séparation C1/2 et une décomposition de la fraction C2 dans un courant d'éthane et éthylène. On décrit en particulier les conditions spéciales pour le traitement des gaz fractionnés.
EP83901709A 1982-06-03 1983-06-01 Procede pour la preparation d'olefines a poids moleculaire inferieur Withdrawn EP0110924A1 (fr)

Applications Claiming Priority (8)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
DE19823220996 DE3220996A1 (de) 1982-06-03 1982-06-03 Verfahren zur herstellung von niedermolekularen olefinen
DE3220997 1982-06-03
DE3220998A DE3220998A1 (de) 1982-06-03 1982-06-03 Verfahren zur herstellung von niedermolekularen olefinen
DE3220999 1982-06-03
DE3220996 1982-06-03
DE3220998 1982-06-03
DE19823220999 DE3220999A1 (de) 1982-06-03 1982-06-03 Verfahren zur herstellung von niedermolekularen olefinen
DE19823220997 DE3220997A1 (de) 1982-06-03 1982-06-03 Verfahren zur herstellung von niedermolekularen olefinen

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EP0110924A1 true EP0110924A1 (fr) 1984-06-20

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EP83901709A Withdrawn EP0110924A1 (fr) 1982-06-03 1983-06-01 Procede pour la preparation d'olefines a poids moleculaire inferieur

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CN113788735B (zh) * 2021-09-30 2024-05-10 中安联合煤化有限责任公司 一种适用于甲醇制烯烃反再短时停工期间的轻烃回收开工方法

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NZ199835A (en) * 1981-03-05 1984-03-30 Mobil Oil Corp Catalytic conversion of methanol dimethyl ether or a mixture thereof to ethylene

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