EP0107724A1 - Dictionnaire electronique avec synthese vocale - Google Patents

Dictionnaire electronique avec synthese vocale

Info

Publication number
EP0107724A1
EP0107724A1 EP83901968A EP83901968A EP0107724A1 EP 0107724 A1 EP0107724 A1 EP 0107724A1 EP 83901968 A EP83901968 A EP 83901968A EP 83901968 A EP83901968 A EP 83901968A EP 0107724 A1 EP0107724 A1 EP 0107724A1
Authority
EP
European Patent Office
Prior art keywords
word
memory
text
binary data
words
Prior art date
Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
Withdrawn
Application number
EP83901968A
Other languages
German (de)
English (en)
Other versions
EP0107724A4 (fr
Inventor
Gerald M. Fisher
Weston A. Anderson
Current Assignee (The listed assignees may be inaccurate. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation or warranty as to the accuracy of the list.)
Individual
Original Assignee
Individual
Priority date (The priority date is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the date listed.)
Filing date
Publication date
Application filed by Individual filed Critical Individual
Publication of EP0107724A1 publication Critical patent/EP0107724A1/fr
Publication of EP0107724A4 publication Critical patent/EP0107724A4/fr
Withdrawn legal-status Critical Current

Links

Classifications

    • G—PHYSICS
    • G09—EDUCATION; CRYPTOGRAPHY; DISPLAY; ADVERTISING; SEALS
    • G09B—EDUCATIONAL OR DEMONSTRATION APPLIANCES; APPLIANCES FOR TEACHING, OR COMMUNICATING WITH, THE BLIND, DEAF OR MUTE; MODELS; PLANETARIA; GLOBES; MAPS; DIAGRAMS
    • G09B5/00—Electrically-operated educational appliances
    • G09B5/06—Electrically-operated educational appliances with both visual and audible presentation of the material to be studied
    • G09B5/065—Combinations of audio and video presentations, e.g. videotapes, videodiscs, television systems
    • G—PHYSICS
    • G06—COMPUTING; CALCULATING OR COUNTING
    • G06F—ELECTRIC DIGITAL DATA PROCESSING
    • G06F3/00—Input arrangements for transferring data to be processed into a form capable of being handled by the computer; Output arrangements for transferring data from processing unit to output unit, e.g. interface arrangements
    • G06F3/16—Sound input; Sound output
    • G—PHYSICS
    • G09—EDUCATION; CRYPTOGRAPHY; DISPLAY; ADVERTISING; SEALS
    • G09B—EDUCATIONAL OR DEMONSTRATION APPLIANCES; APPLIANCES FOR TEACHING, OR COMMUNICATING WITH, THE BLIND, DEAF OR MUTE; MODELS; PLANETARIA; GLOBES; MAPS; DIAGRAMS
    • G09B19/00—Teaching not covered by other main groups of this subclass
    • G09B19/06—Foreign languages

Definitions

  • This invention relates to electronic teaching aids for the teaching of reading and foreign languages.
  • the device and method of the copending application enable improved student motivation in that the reading material used for learning to read can be selected from material which is interesting to the student even though a reasonably largepercentage of the words in the text are not in the student's current reading vocabulary.
  • This method of teaching supplements the phonics methods since so many words in the english language or in other languages do not decode audibly in a regular manner.
  • These devices aid students in gaining a sight reading vocabulary and employ the sounding approach to the reinforcement of learning and speed up learn ing foreign languages by quickly providing def i n i t i ons o r tr ans la t ions i n the s tu dent' s nat ive language .
  • This system is configured around a microprocessor and employs a different format for the storage and retrieval of the information to be displayed as compared to the earlier system r eferenced above by the same inventors. These changes enable the device to provide the same user benefits butpermit reduction in the cost of the required hardware and r eduction in the cost of the softw are as well.
  • the system of this invention is configured to receive a plug-in devicecontaining the reading material to be studied in the form of a programmed ROM (Read Only Memory) .
  • the ROM does not contain the data for the words in the reading material in concatented from as in our earlier system but contains a pointer to the start addresses for those words with reference to an iternally provided standard dictionary.
  • the system is configured around a microprocessor which interfaces to a ROM (called Source ROM) which contains pointers to the data representative of the material to be studied and displayed. This data is called the Source data.
  • Source ROM ROM
  • the Dictionary memory is in two parts, a standard and non-standard section, each containing binary data for each preselected word in a sequential format as follows: ASCII text, delimiter, speech data, delimiter, ASCII definitions, delimiter. For these purposes, "definition" is understood to include the meaning or translation in a different language.
  • the standard section of Dictionary memory can have any order with respect to its text words since the start addresses of the data corresponding to each word is the preferred manner in which the data is retrieved.
  • the Dictionary memory by arranging the Dictionary memory so that the data for each new Dictionary word starts on a predetermined binary boundary, it is possible to expand the retrievable memory bytes above the 65000 normally considered addressable by an 8 bit processor. For example, if the boundary is present to 16 bytes, the addressing capacity can be increased to the equivalent of a
  • the format of the data in Source also includes a special address format indicating punctuation, single ASCII characters, or control characters. For example, using an 8 bit processor, address OOxxH or FFxxH indicates that the next data is punctuation or control where the data xxH is the hexidecimal ASCII value of the data.
  • Capital letters are provided for in the text at the beginning of a sentence by the operating program and in the middle of the line by special control characters.
  • This scheme permits significant reduction in the amount of data in the Source ROM required to uniquely specify textual material.
  • a 65K bit ROM used as a Source can provide 4000 starts addresses. This is sufficient to point to approximately 40 pages of text material, assuming 100 words per page, considering punctuation and control bytes.
  • a 256K bit ROM would provide pointers to approximately 160 pages of text.
  • Fig. 1 is a functional block diagram of a preferred embodiment of the microprocessor based teaching aid device.
  • Fig. 2A is the memory map for the microprocessor of Fig. 1.
  • Fig. 2B is functional diagram depicting one technique to expand addressable memory using a 16 byte boundary.
  • Fig. 2C is a functional diagram depicting another technique to expand addressable memory using a 128 byte boundry.
  • Fig. 3A-Fig. 3D depict the format of the data in Dictionary memory.
  • Fig. 4 depicts the format of data in Source ROM.
  • Fig. 5A-Fig. 5C depict format of data as stored in the Concatenated Page Buffer.
  • Fig. 6 and Fig. 7 are flow diagrams for the execution program controlling the microprocessor.
  • a microprocessor based control system 1, incorporating for example an 8 bit Z80 microprocessor chip, is shown schematically connected to memory elements 2,2',3,3',4 and 6, to output latch 11, and keypad decorder 5' and keypad 5 via address bus 14, data bus 13, and control bus 18.
  • the microprocessor based control system includes a clocking oscillator, control line decoders, power supply, power on reset circuit, address bus output drivers, three state drivers for the data bus, etc.
  • Fig. 2A depicts a preferred memory map for an 8 bit processor Teaching aid of Fig. 1.
  • the first 8000 bytes, 20, are reserved for the execution program which is contained in Program ROM 3 Fig. 1.
  • the following 1Kbyte, 22, is set as ide for the video memory static RAM 6 of Fig. 1.
  • Keypad decoder 5' of F ig. 2 requires only a few bytes of address space; however , to s implify the decoding process, 1000 bytes, 22', of memory map Fig. 2A are reserved for it.
  • the next 18K bytes of memory map Fig. 2A are reserved for RAM , 3' of Fig. 1.
  • the RAM memory space is allocated by the program into the Address Page Buffer 23 of 300 bytes , the Concatenated Page Buffer 24 of 2700 bytes, a text RAM 25 , a speech RAM 26 and definition RAM 27 of 1024 , 3000 , and 1024 bytes respectively. Since the described embodiment is primarily intended for teaching of lower grade level reading there is little space reserved for definitions. For foreign language instructions, reserved definition space needs to be much larger , A 14K bytes por tion called wor k ing RAM , 28 , for tables and other operations follows:
  • the Source ROM memory 29 space starts at 32K and extends to 49K bytes at which point the Dictionary ROM 21 space commences.
  • the first part of the Source ROM memory space is r eserved for Dictionary data po inter s , punctuation, and control bytes as explained below.
  • a portion 29' of the Source ROM memory space is used as a non-standard dictionary.
  • the dictionary ROM space occupies the las t 16K address bytes in a typical 8 bit microprocessor system. As explained below in conjunction with Fig. 2B and 2C, if more dictionary space is required the effective address space can be increased by the Extended Dictionary ROM space 21' of Fig. 2A.
  • the dictionary memory can be extended beyond the 65K boundary normally determined by the 16 bit address bus using the technique depicted in conjunction with Fig. 2B and 2C.
  • element 252 depicts a 2 byte word in the Source ROM 4 of Fig. 1. Recall that data in Source ROM 4 is to point to the start address of the data for the word it represents in Dictionary ROM.
  • the lowest portion of the data word, 254 is depicted as controlling lines 4 through 13 of the address bus instead of A0-A9. Since the words in Dictionary ROM are arranged so that their data always s starts on a 16 byte boundary as measured from the start of the Dictionary ROM, i.e. E000H, E010H, E020H, etc., (hexidecimal notation) hence it is unnecessary to provide the lowest four bits in Source ROM data to define the start address of a word in Dictionary ROM since these first 4 bits are always zeros. Therefore it is possible to shift the pointer data in Source ROM to the right by 4 bits and make use of the most significant bits to control a latch which supplied the higher address bus lines. Hence, we provide, in total, 4 additional address lines to the
  • Latch 250 can be memory mapped using one of the unused addresses in keypad space 21' of Fig. 2A. The address is selected by Latch Address Decoder 257, combined with the MEMW signal (Memory write from the processor control bus) and fed to the clock input of latch 250.
  • MEMW Memory write from the processor control bus
  • Dictionary ROM select signal 258 is obtained by decoding the address lines A14 and A15. When A14 and A15 are both true the output of the decoder activates the chip select input.
  • the Dictionary ROM output enable receives its input from the MEMR control bus signal.
  • the program Whenever the Dictionary ROM is to be addressed, the program provides true signals on A14 and A15, and the appropriate signals on A0-A13.
  • the lowest nine bits of the Source ROM data provide the address lines A4-A13 while the next six bits provide the address lines M14-M19.
  • the A0-A3 address lines are all zeros for the start of each word and are provided from the program. This scheme will provide up to 1 megabytes maximum addressable Dictionary ROM memory and would be adequate for a phoneme based system. Ths scheme also has the advantage of permitting normal address bus use of A0-A15 lines since only Dictionary ROM address lines M14-M19 are under latch 250 control.
  • Fig. 2C The technique of Fig. 2C is preferred for a synthesizer system employing a digital filter because greater amounts of data can be stored. Note, if the boundary is selected as 128 bytes, it is then possible to provide an additional seven address lines because in this case the lowest 7 bits are not provided by the Source data since they are known to be zero. The upper nine bits are used to extend the addressable memory space to 23 lines.
  • the chip select is determined the same as earlier; namely it is supplied by set of A14 and A15 by the program. This scheme will support a maximum of 8M byte retrieval or approximately 13000 words at 640 bytes per word. It is understood that the ROM and RAM memories of
  • Fig. 1 have address decoding circuits to permit proper address selection.
  • program ROM 3 could consist of a single ROM masked chip.
  • the 13 lower address lines A0-A12 could be coupled directly to the corresponding address pins on the chip.
  • Address lines A13-A15 could be coupled to the input of an OR gate with the gate output coupled to the CE (Chip enable) pin of the chip. This would enable the ROM chip only if A13-A15 were all zeros, making the memory active only when the address is in the range 0 through 8191. It is not necessary that a single memory chip be used as program ROM.
  • Well known address decoding schemes can provide the chip enable signal as necessary.
  • the Source ROM 4 of Fig. 1 is preferably a single semiconductor dual in line package (DIP), containing data organization in 8Kx8 format, although 64Kxl organization will also be easily accoraodated.
  • Source ROM 4 is connected to the address bus, the control bus and the data bus which enables direct addressing of the data in Source ROM 4 as 8 bit bytes for high speed data transfer on the system data bus.
  • the address decoder and latch 11 serves to interface the system data bus with the speech synthesizer 12, such as the VOTRAX SC-01 phoneme based speech synthesizer chip.
  • the synthesizer typically accepts data serially or in bytes as interfaced via the output latch 11. It is understood that in the case of serial data transfer, latch 11 serves as a shift register to provide the proper sequence of bits to the speech synthesizer 12.
  • a key pad 5 is shown containing 12 or more keys. Four arrow keys are to enable the user to control the position of a cursor on ghe visual display 9.
  • the key “S” permits the user to command the system to cause the synthesizer to iniciate audible sounds for the word designated by the cursor on the display. If the key "S” is continued to be depressed the designated word will be repeatedly sounded until the key is released.
  • the key “D” will enable the user to select the definition mode and will display the definition of the word designated by the cursor on the display. Depressing the "C” key will clear the definition from the display and return the full page of text to the display.
  • the "+” key will command the system to load the next page from the Source ROM, and then to return to the portion of the execution program to cause the Compilation of new concatenated data for the new page and then return to the cursor mode.
  • the "_" key will decrement and cause the next previous page to load.
  • the "J” key will command the system to the Jump mode which permits a jump to any page keyed in by the operator. The operator will use the
  • the Character generator and Buffer 7 function in the same manner as described in our parent application. Specifically, the ASCII text data is loaded into video RAM
  • the buffer and character generator 7 synchronize the timing and generate the dots in the proper position of the scan of the electron beam of video display to create visual images of the text characters. If plasma or liquid crystal display is employed, a different form of addressing and writing to the display is required.
  • the RF modulator 8 receives the pulse sequence for the dots from the character generator 7 which then creates the RF carrier modulated by the dot sequence permitting a standard TV set 9 to be used as a display. Alternatively, modulator 8 and TV set 9 can be replaced by a standard video display monitor.
  • the program ROM 3 and working RAM 3' depict the memory for containing the execution program for the microprocessor and to enable table manipulation and other tasks to carry out the program objectives.
  • a 16 bit processor may be desirable for use with multistage digital filter synthesizers to accomodate the much larger memory requirements and higher speeds.
  • the first byte 40 is 00 and indicates that the next byte is a control or character byte in ASCII notation.
  • Byte 41 is hexidecimal 0AH which is ASCII "LF".
  • the ASCII LF is used as a control symbol to indicate to the microprocessor the startof a new page.
  • the next byte, 42 is reserved for the page number 00-FFH, hexidecimal, of the data to follow.
  • tes 44 & 45 which are 00 & 0D respectively which designates ASCII control character "CR" and which can note the line start in this design.
  • 00 & 1EH are next, elements 46 & 47, which indicates tht the line to follow is a new paragraph and is to be indented in the text.
  • the address of the pointer to start of the first word referenced to the Dictionary memory appears.
  • Bytes 48 & 49 are hexidecimal 0C03H which for illustrative purpose is representative of the start of the word data in Fig. 3A, element 150, of the Dictionary memory.
  • Completing the small portion of the Source ROM illustrated in Fig. 4 are the control 00 and 22H, for quotation marks, followed by C008H, elements 54 & 55, which represent the start addresses for "get”. Next is 0D01H standing for the start of the Dictionary data for the "away”. The final illustrated bytes are control 00 & 22H, elements 60 & 61 for the final quotation marks.
  • the execution program causes a selected page to be loaded into the Address Page Buffer 23, Fig. 2A, as depicted in Fig. 6 block 204.
  • the execution program then causes the creation of the data for the selected page, block 205, in a concatenated format essentially the same as the format described in our copending parent application in respect to Fig. 6A-6B of that application.
  • this complete page data in concatenated form was preassemblied and contained in the external source data memory and was loaded into the system in concatenated format.
  • the concatenation is accomplished in resident memory under control of the execution program. A portion of memory is reserved for this data and is called
  • Concatenated Page Buffer Fig. 2, element 24.
  • the portion of the execution program to create the concatenated data responds to the internal control bytes and the address indicator data contained in the Source ROM.
  • the concatenated data is now examined and a table is created to cross reference each word with a line and word number for each word in the text to be displayed. Also, the concatenated data for that page is then divided into seperate areas of working memories called text RAM 25, speech RAM 26 and definitions RAM 27. The start address of the speech and definition data for eachword on each line in text is cross referenced in a table in working memory 28 so that it is immediately retrievable by reference to the line and word number designated. A
  • a direct search through the dictionary for a word corresponding to the spelling of the designated word could also be employed.
  • the data from the text memory 25, Fig. 2A is loaded to the video RAM memory 22 and hence displayed on the viewer, as depicted by block 207, Fig. 7.
  • the program now analyzes the text memory data to determine a line and word number for each word in the text memory.
  • One such technique is to interleave between each byte of each word in the text memory a byte which is coded to represent the line and word number on that line.
  • the text memory derived from the concatenation data of Fig. 5A-5C contains the word "zing" as the second word on line one.
  • code bytes indicative of the line and word number are interleaved so that they appear as follows: /x/01/I/01/N/01/G/01/./01/.
  • the byte inserted between each ASCII character in text memory can be a hexidecimal byte from 00H-FFH.
  • the left most portion of the byte represents the line number and the right side represents the word number, i.e. 00H is linel, wordl and FFH represents line 16, word 16.
  • 01H is line 1, word 2.
  • Fig. 7, block 209 depicts a keypad scan portion of the program.
  • the keypad is continually scanned for a depression of a page change key, such as "+", "-" or "J" or one of the cursor move arrow keys.
  • the page selector register is reset. Fig. 7 at block 210, and the execution program causes the processor to jump back to the portion of the program to search the Source ROM for the selected page, at block 201 of Fig. 6. This would then cause a new page to be loaded from the Source ROM to the
  • a cursor such as an underlining character, a special character, inverse highlight character or blinking character is displayed as a moveable designator which is under the control of the keyboard arrows. So long as an arrow key remains depressed the cursor moves in the direction of the key command, as depicted in Fig. 7 by the branch 220. Therefore, the cursor can be moved to align with any word on the screen to be designated for speech or definition.
  • the "S" and "D" keys via branch 225 are examined and if key "S" or "D" are depressed the speech mode or the definition mode is entered.
  • a light pen designator or joy stick cursor controller could also be employed to designate a selected word as described in our present application referred to earlier.
  • the address of the cursor in the video display is offset indexed to the text memory to he corresponding character in the text RAM.
  • the code byte stored in the next memory location is retrieved. If an operator requested the sounding of designated word, the line and word code is determined and then used to search in the cross reference table of starting addresses for the speech RAM data. Next the data starting at that indicated address in the speech RAM is feed to the synthesizer 12 of Fig. 1. If the "S" key remains depressed, as depicted by branch 226 of Fig. 7 the word will be repeatedly sounded until the key is released. After release of the key, the program will jump back to the cursor mode for the designation of any other word on the screen.
  • depression of the "D" key will initiate displayof the definition of the selected word on the screen as depicted at block 218 of Fig. 7, if the definition is encoded. If the definition is not encoded, a code byte is coded which causes the display to indicate that to the user that the selected word is not defined by this program material. To display definitions, all or a portion of the screen is cleared and the definition is displayed. After the user is finished reading the definition or translation, the user can depress the "C" key to clear the screen and redisplay the page of text by the jump back to block 207 as depicted at branch 223.
  • the above description was in reference to data in the
  • Source memory 4 Fig. 1, having the format of Fig. 4. All words are indicated by a two byte address in the Dictionary memory. Since this is restrictive on the words which can be used in the textual material, provision can be made to enable flexibility in this respect by enabling the appendage to the standard Dictionary of a section called the non-standard Dictionary.
  • Non-standard Dictionary data would also be derived from the Source ROM 4 and could be located at the top end of Source ROM memory as indicated by 29* in memory map Fig. 2A.
  • the addresses of the non-standard dictionary words need only be known at the time of the Source ROM, making it practical to develop additional Source material after release of the Dictionary ROM. For systems which use direct search through the Dictionary as described above, and indication must be provided in the Source ROM of the start of the non-standard dictionary.
  • Source ROM code could be used than the format described above in conjunction with Fig.4. Rather than use the 00 byte marker for control characters, punctuation and single characters, as described, these symbols could be encoded without the 00 byte if the most significant bit of the first byte of all two byte pointers were always set to 1. Since all ASCII control characters, punctuation and alphanumerics have a zero in the most significant bit, the pointer data would always be distinct.
  • This format would reduce the amount of Source ROM memory required for a given amount of text material but also limits the Dictionary to a maximum of 32K words. In this case, the Dictionary ROM of Fig. 2B and 2C would have a maximum number of address lines of 19 and 22 respectively, which is one less than shown.
  • the execution program depicted in Fig. 6 and Fig. 7 initiates a search through the Source ROM, as shown at block 201, 202 and 203 for the page to match the page number in the Page Selection Register.
  • the Page Seletion Register is a pair of reserved bytes located in high working memory which are caused to store the default page number or the page number selected by the user as illustrated in Fig. 7 at 209.

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  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Theoretical Computer Science (AREA)
  • General Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
  • Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
  • Business, Economics & Management (AREA)
  • Educational Administration (AREA)
  • Educational Technology (AREA)
  • Entrepreneurship & Innovation (AREA)
  • Health & Medical Sciences (AREA)
  • Audiology, Speech & Language Pathology (AREA)
  • General Health & Medical Sciences (AREA)
  • Human Computer Interaction (AREA)
  • General Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Multimedia (AREA)
  • Machine Translation (AREA)

Abstract

Un dispositif électronique d'assistance à l'enseignement à microprocesseur (1) permet à un étudiant regardant un affichage (9) contenant un texte à étudier de désigner tout mot ou partie de texte pour obtenir une définition on la vocalisation par des techniques de synthèse vocale. Le matériau de lecture à étudier est fourni sous forme d'une mémoire morte à source programmée (3) qui contient les pointeurs pour les adresses de départ des mots du matériau de lecture avec une référence à un dictionnaire interne (2 et 2'). Un programme se charge de la création de l'affichage du texte en réponse aux données (4) de la mémoire morte source, et comprend des techniques permettant de définir et de vocaliser n'importe quel mot sélectionné.
EP19830901968 1982-04-26 1983-04-25 Dictionnaire electronique avec synthese vocale. Withdrawn EP0107724A4 (fr)

Applications Claiming Priority (2)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
US37159182A 1982-04-26 1982-04-26
US371591 1982-04-26

Publications (2)

Publication Number Publication Date
EP0107724A1 true EP0107724A1 (fr) 1984-05-09
EP0107724A4 EP0107724A4 (fr) 1985-04-11

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EP19830901968 Withdrawn EP0107724A4 (fr) 1982-04-26 1983-04-25 Dictionnaire electronique avec synthese vocale.

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EP (1) EP0107724A4 (fr)
WO (1) WO1983003914A1 (fr)

Families Citing this family (5)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US4695975A (en) * 1984-10-23 1987-09-22 Profit Technology, Inc. Multi-image communications system
EP0294202A3 (fr) * 1987-06-03 1989-10-18 Kabushiki Kaisha Toshiba Dispositif pour enregistrement numérique de son
JP2990703B2 (ja) * 1989-08-22 1999-12-13 ソニー株式会社 学習装置
GB2286078B (en) * 1994-01-26 1997-12-03 Inventec Corp Portable language-learning apparatus
AU1082397A (en) * 1995-12-14 1997-07-03 Motorola, Inc. Apparatus and method for storing and presenting text

Citations (3)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
DE2946856A1 (de) * 1978-12-27 1980-05-22 Sharp Kk Wortspeichergeraet
GB2078412A (en) * 1980-06-10 1982-01-06 Sharp Kk Electronic translator with attachment
JPS5760463A (en) * 1980-09-29 1982-04-12 Sharp Corp Electronic translating machine

Family Cites Families (3)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US3932859A (en) * 1974-03-07 1976-01-13 Anastasios Kyriakides Electronic dictionary with word length responsive decoder
BG24190A1 (en) * 1976-09-08 1978-01-10 Antonov Method of synthesis of speech and device for effecting same
US4337375A (en) * 1980-06-12 1982-06-29 Texas Instruments Incorporated Manually controllable data reading apparatus for speech synthesizers

Patent Citations (3)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
DE2946856A1 (de) * 1978-12-27 1980-05-22 Sharp Kk Wortspeichergeraet
GB2078412A (en) * 1980-06-10 1982-01-06 Sharp Kk Electronic translator with attachment
JPS5760463A (en) * 1980-09-29 1982-04-12 Sharp Corp Electronic translating machine

Non-Patent Citations (2)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Title
PATENTS ABSTRACTS OF JAPAN, vol. 6, no. 137 (P-130)[1015], 24th July 1982; & JP-A-57 060 463 (SHARP K.K.) 12-04-1982 (Cat. Y) *
See also references of WO8303914A1 *

Also Published As

Publication number Publication date
WO1983003914A1 (fr) 1983-11-10
EP0107724A4 (fr) 1985-04-11

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