EP0105199A1 - Détecteur de fumée à rayons dispersés - Google Patents

Détecteur de fumée à rayons dispersés Download PDF

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Publication number
EP0105199A1
EP0105199A1 EP83108590A EP83108590A EP0105199A1 EP 0105199 A1 EP0105199 A1 EP 0105199A1 EP 83108590 A EP83108590 A EP 83108590A EP 83108590 A EP83108590 A EP 83108590A EP 0105199 A1 EP0105199 A1 EP 0105199A1
Authority
EP
European Patent Office
Prior art keywords
radiation
receiver
measuring space
smoke detector
source
Prior art date
Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
Granted
Application number
EP83108590A
Other languages
German (de)
English (en)
Other versions
EP0105199B1 (fr
Inventor
Peter Silz
Bernd Dipl.-Ing. Bartscher
Wolfram Krebs
Walter Glockmann
Engelbert Hacker
Ortwin Struss
Current Assignee (The listed assignees may be inaccurate. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation or warranty as to the accuracy of the list.)
Heimann GmbH
Original Assignee
Heimann GmbH
Priority date (The priority date is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the date listed.)
Filing date
Publication date
Application filed by Heimann GmbH filed Critical Heimann GmbH
Priority to AT83108590T priority Critical patent/ATE35336T1/de
Publication of EP0105199A1 publication Critical patent/EP0105199A1/fr
Application granted granted Critical
Publication of EP0105199B1 publication Critical patent/EP0105199B1/fr
Expired legal-status Critical Current

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Classifications

    • G—PHYSICS
    • G08—SIGNALLING
    • G08B—SIGNALLING OR CALLING SYSTEMS; ORDER TELEGRAPHS; ALARM SYSTEMS
    • G08B17/00—Fire alarms; Alarms responsive to explosion
    • G08B17/10—Actuation by presence of smoke or gases, e.g. automatic alarm devices for analysing flowing fluid materials by the use of optical means
    • G08B17/103—Actuation by presence of smoke or gases, e.g. automatic alarm devices for analysing flowing fluid materials by the use of optical means using a light emitting and receiving device
    • G08B17/107—Actuation by presence of smoke or gases, e.g. automatic alarm devices for analysing flowing fluid materials by the use of optical means using a light emitting and receiving device for detecting light-scattering due to smoke
    • G—PHYSICS
    • G08—SIGNALLING
    • G08B—SIGNALLING OR CALLING SYSTEMS; ORDER TELEGRAPHS; ALARM SYSTEMS
    • G08B17/00—Fire alarms; Alarms responsive to explosion
    • G08B17/10—Actuation by presence of smoke or gases, e.g. automatic alarm devices for analysing flowing fluid materials by the use of optical means
    • G08B17/11—Actuation by presence of smoke or gases, e.g. automatic alarm devices for analysing flowing fluid materials by the use of optical means using an ionisation chamber for detecting smoke or gas
    • G08B17/113—Constructional details

Definitions

  • the present invention relates to a radiation smoke detector according to the preamble of claim 1.
  • a smoke detector is known from DE-GM 76 17 247.
  • the smoke detector described there works according to the scattered light method. It contains several diaphragms, which are intended to limit the width of the beam coming from the radiation source and bundled by a focusing element. Such a construction also results in an annoying stray light, which results from the beam limiting diaphragms, even with an optimal diaphragm condition. Therefore, according to this reference, a complicated arrangement of light guides tries to capture as much scattered radiation as possible from smoke particles and thus to receive a measurement signal in the presence of smoke which differs sufficiently from the scattered radiation.
  • DE-OS 29 51 459 describes an optical arrangement for a smoke detector in which the beam is not delimited by diaphragms, in which scattered radiation is already largely absorbed between the light source and the focusing element, in which diaphragms are further arranged in the measuring space are, which should only intercept the scattered radiation, but may not be caught by the actual beam.
  • the object on which the present invention is based consists in the construction of a radiation smoke detector which is insensitive to environmental influences and is of simple construction with a small proportion of the interference radiation in the measured values.
  • a property of a radiation guide known per se is used here, namely that radiation only emerges at the exit surface of the light guide within a maximum exit angle to the axis of rotation of the radiation guide and that the position of the radiation source relative to the entry surface of the radiation guide changes only in a change in the intensity distribution, not but expressed in a change in the maximum beam angle.
  • the finding on which the present invention is based is that a change in intensity Distribution of the radiation emanating from the output surface of a radiation conductor during a subsequent focusing in the measuring chamber can only lead to a change in the total intensity of the radiation, but not an increase in the interference radiation in comparison to the radiation to be measured, which is reflected on the smoke particles.
  • a general change in the intensity of the radiation can, however, be easily compensated for by a corresponding change in the measuring range or the sensitivity of the receiver.
  • the radiation smoke detector according to the invention has the advantage that no electrical parts have to be present in the measuring room.
  • the light guide can be easily led out of the measuring space and can only be guided outside to a radiation source or a radiation receiver. This makes it possible to clean the measuring room if necessary without risking the measuring accuracy.
  • a subsequent adjustment of the parts lying in the beam path is not necessary, since the beam path in the measuring space is only determined by the mutual position of the light guides, the lenses and the diaphragms and these can be fixed against one another without difficulty so that they do not become misaligned even during a cleaning process will.
  • the lenses and light guides can be fixed immovably in a common metal frame, whereby the metal frame can in turn be connected to the measuring space without difficulty.
  • the receiver is advantageously housed in a housing that is protected against electromagnetic interference and corrosion.
  • an embodiment is particularly advantageous in which the voltage source, the radiation receiver and the evaluation circuit by a ge common printed circuit, for example in the form of a film circuit, interconnected and housed in a common housing.
  • a direct flow of scattered radiation from the radiation source to the radiation receiver can be prevented in a variety of ways.
  • the radiation source and the radiation receiver can advantageously be accommodated in separate chambers which are radiation-insulated from one another. This embodiment is particularly recommended for a radiation source which generates heat at the same time, since heating of the radiation receiver can easily be avoided by a separate chamber.
  • This embodiment is advantageous, for example, when using incandescent lamps as radiation sources.
  • a particularly simple embodiment is given by using a light-emitting diode as the radiation source and a photodiode or a phototransistor as the light receiver, the radiation guides being normal light guides and by the circuit with these components, with the exception of light paths, to the corresponding end faces of the light guides with an opaque material are enveloped.
  • This covering can be, for example, a simple painting or a potting.
  • Optical lenses which are transparent to the respective radiation are expediently used as focusing elements.
  • the use of corrected aspherical lenses is worthwhile in order to achieve cleanly limited rays.
  • Separate focusing elements can be dispensed with if the focusing elements are formed by curved surfaces of the radiation guides che face the measuring chamber and if at least one beam limiter end is arranged between the radiation conductors and the measuring chamber.
  • This embodiment is advantageous in particular for a radiation are not or not sufficiently permeable to the normal "lens materials.
  • the focussing effect of the surfaces of the radiation conductor is supported in that the radiation conductor widens conically towards the measuring space over at least part of its length. This conical widening causes a reduction in the radiation angle at the exit surface of the radiation conductor.
  • the present invention enables particularly precise beam guidance. Tolerances of the electrical components practically do not take into account the proportion of the interference signal; there is no need to select the components.
  • the positional tolerances of the components also do not need to be compensated, as a result of which the tolerances, for example, of the diaphragms in the measuring space with respect to the beam can be kept particularly small. This makes it possible to further reduce interference reflections. Protection against corrosion and other environmental influences, in turn, can easily be adapted to the "Guidelines for automatic edge detection systems, requirements and test methods for point-type smoke and heat detectors" of the Association of Property Insurers e.V. and DIN EN 54, Part 7, "Components of automatic fire detection systems".
  • Figures 1 and 2 show an embodiment with a separate focusing element.
  • Figure 3 shows an embodiment with light guides with a convex surface.
  • Two light guides 1 and 4 and two lenses 6 are fixed in a mutual holder 2 in their mutual position and in their position relative to the diaphragms 8.
  • the holder 2 contains a lens holder 3, which has corresponding recesses 9 for both lenses 6.
  • the light guides 1 and 4 are fixed by holding blocks 5 and 7 in their mutual position and in their position relative to the lenses 6.
  • the holding blocks 5 and 7 hold the lens holder 3 by means of corresponding clamps 10.
  • a plurality of grooves 11 and 12 are arranged, which serve to absorb scattered radiation, that is to say as a light sump.
  • FIG. 2 shows the arrangement of a radiation receiver 18 in relation to the light guide 4.
  • Grooves 19 and 20 in the holding block 7 and corresponding strips in the holding block 5 ensure shielding from disturbing lateral scatter radiation from the light guide 4.
  • Scattered radiation which could reach the light guide 4 through the corresponding lens 6, is shielded by the diaphragms 8.
  • the diaphragms 8 lie outside the field of view 14 and the radiation cone 15, they only absorb the scattered radiation without being detected by the radiation cone 15. This avoids additional scattered radiation, which could arise when the edges of the diaphragms 8 are irradiated directly. Due to the exact beam guidance of the present invention, the edges 21 of the diaphragms 8 can be brought very close to the radiation beam 15.
  • 6 diaphragms 22 are arranged instead of the lenses.
  • the radiation conductor 23 leading to the radiation source and the radiation conductor 24 leading to the radiation receiver each have a surface 26 or 27 which is convex towards the measuring space 25 and taper from this surface in the shape of a truncated cone. Both the convex surface 26 and 27 and the frustoconical configuration of the radiation guide act in the direction of focusing the beam. However, since stray radiation can be emitted by the radiation guide up to its maximum radiation angle, a diaphragm 22 is attached next to the respective light sump 11 or 12.
  • Simple embodiments use visible light as radiation, an incandescent lamp or a light-emitting diode as a radiation source, a light guide as a radiation guide and a phototransistor or a photodiode as a radiation receiver.
  • visible light as radiation
  • an incandescent lamp or a light-emitting diode as a radiation source
  • a light guide as a radiation guide
  • a phototransistor or a photodiode as a radiation receiver.
  • infrared radiation or UV radiation for example, can also be used, provided appropriate focusing elements or radiation guides are available.
  • the ambient air is supplied through air channels 28 and 29 to the measuring chamber 25 free of interference radiation.

Landscapes

  • Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
  • Analytical Chemistry (AREA)
  • Business, Economics & Management (AREA)
  • Emergency Management (AREA)
  • Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
  • General Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
  • Fire-Detection Mechanisms (AREA)
  • Investigating Or Analysing Materials By Optical Means (AREA)
  • Measurement Of Radiation (AREA)
EP83108590A 1982-09-08 1983-08-31 Détecteur de fumée à rayons dispersés Expired EP0105199B1 (fr)

Priority Applications (1)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
AT83108590T ATE35336T1 (de) 1982-09-08 1983-08-31 Strahlungsrauchmelder.

Applications Claiming Priority (2)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
DE3233368 1982-09-08
DE19823233368 DE3233368A1 (de) 1982-09-08 1982-09-08 Strahlungsrauchmelder

Publications (2)

Publication Number Publication Date
EP0105199A1 true EP0105199A1 (fr) 1984-04-11
EP0105199B1 EP0105199B1 (fr) 1988-06-22

Family

ID=6172741

Family Applications (1)

Application Number Title Priority Date Filing Date
EP83108590A Expired EP0105199B1 (fr) 1982-09-08 1983-08-31 Détecteur de fumée à rayons dispersés

Country Status (3)

Country Link
EP (1) EP0105199B1 (fr)
AT (1) ATE35336T1 (fr)
DE (2) DE3233368A1 (fr)

Cited By (6)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
GB2270157B (en) * 1992-08-28 1996-07-24 Hochiki Co Light scattering type smoke detector
EP0880118A2 (fr) * 1997-05-20 1998-11-25 Siemens Aktiengesellschaft Détecteur optique de fumée
EP0919970A1 (fr) * 1997-11-25 1999-06-02 C & K Systems, Inc. Dispositif pour absorber et/ou diffuser de la lumière parasite dans un détecteur de mouvement optique
WO2003087791A1 (fr) * 2002-04-15 2003-10-23 Igor Kasyanovich Meshkovsky Systeme de diagnostique de la pollution biologique de l'air
DE102008009213A1 (de) 2008-02-15 2009-08-27 Perkinelmer Optoelectronics Gmbh & Co.Kg Strahlungsleiter, Detektor, Herstellungsverfahren
EP3832616A1 (fr) * 2019-12-02 2021-06-09 Carrier Corporation Détecteur de fumée photo-électrique utilisant un seul émetteur et un seul récepteur

Families Citing this family (4)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
JP2648560B2 (ja) * 1993-04-09 1997-09-03 ホーチキ株式会社 散乱光式煙感知器
DE4324439C2 (de) * 1993-07-21 1997-03-20 Preussag Ag Minimax Rauchmelder
GB9417484D0 (en) * 1993-09-07 1994-10-19 Hochiki Co Light scattering type smoke sensor
EP3584774A1 (fr) * 2018-06-19 2019-12-25 Wagner Group GmbH Détecteur de lumière diffusée et système de détection d'incendie au niveau d'aspiration pourvu d'un détecteur de lumière diffusée

Citations (7)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
DE7617247U1 (fr) * 1900-01-01 Cerberus Ag, Maennedorf, Zuerich (Schweiz)
DE1472134B2 (fr) * 1964-05-06 1970-04-09
DE2011733A1 (fr) * 1969-03-13 1970-10-15
DE2116512A1 (de) * 1970-04-27 1971-11-18 Environment One Corp Vorrichtung zum Messen des Verschmutzungsgrades von Strömungsmitteln, insbesondere des Schmieröls von Motoren
DE2630843A1 (de) * 1975-07-15 1977-01-20 Matsushita Electric Works Ltd Rauchmelder nach dem lichtstreuungsprinzip
DE2630645A1 (de) * 1975-07-09 1977-01-20 Commissariat Energie Atomique Photometrische analyseeinrichtung
DE2951459A1 (de) * 1979-12-20 1981-07-02 Heimann Gmbh, 6200 Wiesbaden Optische anordnung fuer einen rauchmelder nach dem lichtstreuungsprinzip

Patent Citations (7)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
DE7617247U1 (fr) * 1900-01-01 Cerberus Ag, Maennedorf, Zuerich (Schweiz)
DE1472134B2 (fr) * 1964-05-06 1970-04-09
DE2011733A1 (fr) * 1969-03-13 1970-10-15
DE2116512A1 (de) * 1970-04-27 1971-11-18 Environment One Corp Vorrichtung zum Messen des Verschmutzungsgrades von Strömungsmitteln, insbesondere des Schmieröls von Motoren
DE2630645A1 (de) * 1975-07-09 1977-01-20 Commissariat Energie Atomique Photometrische analyseeinrichtung
DE2630843A1 (de) * 1975-07-15 1977-01-20 Matsushita Electric Works Ltd Rauchmelder nach dem lichtstreuungsprinzip
DE2951459A1 (de) * 1979-12-20 1981-07-02 Heimann Gmbh, 6200 Wiesbaden Optische anordnung fuer einen rauchmelder nach dem lichtstreuungsprinzip

Non-Patent Citations (1)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Title
Patent Abstracts of Japan Band 6, Nr. 148, 7. August 1982 & JP-A-57 069230 *

Cited By (9)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
GB2270157B (en) * 1992-08-28 1996-07-24 Hochiki Co Light scattering type smoke detector
DE4328671B4 (de) * 1992-08-28 2005-02-17 Hochiki K.K. Streulichtrauchmelder
EP0880118A2 (fr) * 1997-05-20 1998-11-25 Siemens Aktiengesellschaft Détecteur optique de fumée
EP0880118A3 (fr) * 1997-05-20 2000-01-05 Siemens Aktiengesellschaft Détecteur optique de fumée
EP0919970A1 (fr) * 1997-11-25 1999-06-02 C & K Systems, Inc. Dispositif pour absorber et/ou diffuser de la lumière parasite dans un détecteur de mouvement optique
WO2003087791A1 (fr) * 2002-04-15 2003-10-23 Igor Kasyanovich Meshkovsky Systeme de diagnostique de la pollution biologique de l'air
DE102008009213A1 (de) 2008-02-15 2009-08-27 Perkinelmer Optoelectronics Gmbh & Co.Kg Strahlungsleiter, Detektor, Herstellungsverfahren
DE102008009213B4 (de) * 2008-02-15 2010-09-02 Perkinelmer Optoelectronics Gmbh & Co.Kg Strahlungsleiter, Detektor, Herstellungsverfahren
EP3832616A1 (fr) * 2019-12-02 2021-06-09 Carrier Corporation Détecteur de fumée photo-électrique utilisant un seul émetteur et un seul récepteur

Also Published As

Publication number Publication date
DE3233368A1 (de) 1984-03-08
DE3377172D1 (en) 1988-07-28
ATE35336T1 (de) 1988-07-15
EP0105199B1 (fr) 1988-06-22

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