EP0105199B1 - Détecteur de fumée à rayons dispersés - Google Patents

Détecteur de fumée à rayons dispersés Download PDF

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Publication number
EP0105199B1
EP0105199B1 EP83108590A EP83108590A EP0105199B1 EP 0105199 B1 EP0105199 B1 EP 0105199B1 EP 83108590 A EP83108590 A EP 83108590A EP 83108590 A EP83108590 A EP 83108590A EP 0105199 B1 EP0105199 B1 EP 0105199B1
Authority
EP
European Patent Office
Prior art keywords
radiation
receiver
measuring space
conductors
radiation source
Prior art date
Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
Expired
Application number
EP83108590A
Other languages
German (de)
English (en)
Other versions
EP0105199A1 (fr
Inventor
Peter Silz
Bernd Dipl.-Ing. Bartscher
Wolfram Krebs
Walter Glockmann
Engelbert Hacker
Ortwin Struss
Current Assignee (The listed assignees may be inaccurate. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation or warranty as to the accuracy of the list.)
Heimann GmbH
Original Assignee
Heimann GmbH
Priority date (The priority date is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the date listed.)
Filing date
Publication date
Application filed by Heimann GmbH filed Critical Heimann GmbH
Priority to AT83108590T priority Critical patent/ATE35336T1/de
Publication of EP0105199A1 publication Critical patent/EP0105199A1/fr
Application granted granted Critical
Publication of EP0105199B1 publication Critical patent/EP0105199B1/fr
Expired legal-status Critical Current

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Classifications

    • G—PHYSICS
    • G08—SIGNALLING
    • G08B—SIGNALLING OR CALLING SYSTEMS; ORDER TELEGRAPHS; ALARM SYSTEMS
    • G08B17/00—Fire alarms; Alarms responsive to explosion
    • G08B17/10—Actuation by presence of smoke or gases, e.g. automatic alarm devices for analysing flowing fluid materials by the use of optical means
    • G08B17/103—Actuation by presence of smoke or gases, e.g. automatic alarm devices for analysing flowing fluid materials by the use of optical means using a light emitting and receiving device
    • G08B17/107—Actuation by presence of smoke or gases, e.g. automatic alarm devices for analysing flowing fluid materials by the use of optical means using a light emitting and receiving device for detecting light-scattering due to smoke
    • G—PHYSICS
    • G08—SIGNALLING
    • G08B—SIGNALLING OR CALLING SYSTEMS; ORDER TELEGRAPHS; ALARM SYSTEMS
    • G08B17/00—Fire alarms; Alarms responsive to explosion
    • G08B17/10—Actuation by presence of smoke or gases, e.g. automatic alarm devices for analysing flowing fluid materials by the use of optical means
    • G08B17/11—Actuation by presence of smoke or gases, e.g. automatic alarm devices for analysing flowing fluid materials by the use of optical means using an ionisation chamber for detecting smoke or gas
    • G08B17/113—Constructional details

Definitions

  • the invention relates to a radiation smoke detector according to the preamble of patent claim 1.
  • DE-U-7 617 247 describes a radiation smoke detector which works according to the scattered light method. It contains several diaphragms, which are intended to limit the width of the beam coming from the radiation source and bundled by a focusing element. Such a construction also results in an annoying stray light, which results from the beam limiting diaphragms, even with an optimal diaphragm condition. Therefore, according to this literature reference, a complicated arrangement of light guides tries to capture as much scattered radiation as possible from smoke particles and thus to receive a measurement signal in the presence of smoke, which differs sufficiently from the scattered radiation.
  • DE-A-2 951 459 describes a radiation smoke detector according to the preamble of claim 1, in which the beam is not delimited by diaphragms, in which scattered radiation is already largely absorbed between the light source and the focusing element, in which diaphragms continue are arranged in the measuring room, which are only intended to intercept the scattered radiation, but may not be captured by the actual beam.
  • DE-A-2 011 733 describes a device for determining the light transmission of a gas, in which two supports for a light transmitter or a light receiver are inserted into the wall of a chimney.
  • the carriers serve to hold a fiber optic that ends outside the chimney on the light transmitter or on the light receiver.
  • This document does not disclose an individually manageable device that could be used as a radiation smoke detector.
  • the object on which the present invention is based consists in the construction of a radiation smoke detector which is insensitive to environmental influences and nevertheless has a simple structure with a small proportion of the interference radiation in the measured values.
  • a property of a radiation guide known per se is used, namely that radiation only emerges at the exit surface of the light guide within a maximum exit angle to the axis of rotation of the radiation guide and that the position of the radiation source relative to the entry surface of the radiation guide only changes in the intensity distribution, but not expresses in a change in the maximum radiation angle (see also DE-A-2 011 733).
  • a change in the intensity distribution of the radiation emanating from the output surface of a radiation guide with a subsequent focusing can only lead to a change in the total intensity of the radiation, but not to an increase in the interference radiation compared to the radiation to be measured, which is reflected on the smoke particle.
  • a general change in the intensity of the radiation can, however, be easily compensated for by a corresponding change in the measuring range or the sensitivity of the receiver.
  • the radiation smoke detector according to the invention has the advantage that no electrical parts have to be present in the measuring room.
  • the light guide can be easily led out of the measuring room and only led outside to the radiation source or to the radiation receiver. This makes it possible to clean the measuring room if necessary without jeopardizing the measuring accuracy. Subsequent adjustment of the parts lying in the beam path is also not necessary, since the beam path in the measuring room is only determined by the mutual position of the light guides and the diaphragms and these can be fixed against each other without difficulty so that they are not misaligned even during a cleaning process.
  • the light guides can be immovably fixed in a common metal frame, whereby the metal frame can in turn be connected to the measuring space without difficulty.
  • the receiver is advantageously housed in a housing that is protected against electromagnetic interference and corrosion.
  • An embodiment is particularly advantageous in which the voltage source, the radiation receiver and the evaluation circuit by a common printed circuit, for. B. in the form of a film circuit, interconnected and housed in a common housing.
  • a di direct flow of scattered radiation from the radiation source to the radiation receiver is prevented by the fact that the radiation source and the radiation receiver are accommodated in separate chambers which are radiation-insulated from one another.
  • This embodiment is particularly recommended for a radiation source which generates heat at the same time, since heating of the radiation receiver can easily be avoided by a separate chamber.
  • This embodiment is advantageous, for example, when using incandescent lamps as the radiation source.
  • a particularly simple embodiment is given by using a light-emitting diode as the radiation source and a photodiode or a phototransistor as the light receiver, the radiation guides being normal light guides and by the circuit with these components, with the exception of light paths, to the corresponding end faces of the light guides with an opaque material are enveloped.
  • This covering can be, for example, a simple painting or a potting.
  • the focussing effect of the surfaces of the radiation guide is supported by the radiation guide widening conically towards the measuring space over at least part of its length. This conical widening causes a reduction in the radiation angle at the exit surface of the radiation conductor.
  • the present invention enables particularly precise beam guidance. Tolerances of the electrical components practically do not take into account the proportion of the interference signal; there is no need to select the components.
  • the positional tolerances of the components also do not need to be compensated for, as a result of which the tolerances, for example, of the diaphragms in the measuring space with respect to the beam can be kept particularly small. This makes it possible to further reduce interference reflections. Protection against corrosion and other environmental influences can in turn be easily adapted to the "Guidelines for automatic fire alarm systems, requirements and test methods for point-type smoke and heat detectors " of the Association of Property Insurers eV and DIN EN 54, Part 7, “Components of automatic fire alarm systems " .
  • shutters 22 are arranged in front of radiation conductors 23, 24.
  • the radiation conductor 23 leading to the radiation source and the radiation conductor 24 leading to the radiation receiver each have a surface 26 or 27 which is convex towards the measuring space 25 and taper from this surface in the shape of a truncated cone.
  • Both the convex surface 26 and 27 and the frustoconical configuration of the radiation guides 23, 24 act in the direction of focusing the beams 14, 15. However, since stray radiation can be emitted by the radiation guides 23, 24 up to the maximum radiation angle, an aperture 22 next to the respective light sump 11 or 12 attached.
  • Simple embodiments use visible light as radiation, an incandescent lamp or a light-emitting diode as a radiation source, a light guide as a radiation conductor and a phototransistor or a photo diode as radiation receiver.
  • visible light as radiation
  • an incandescent lamp or a light-emitting diode as a radiation source
  • a light guide as a radiation conductor
  • a phototransistor or a photo diode as radiation receiver.
  • infrared radiation or UV radiation for example, can also be used, provided appropriate focusing elements or radiation guides are available.
  • Grooves 19 and 20 and corresponding strips in holding blocks ensure shielding from disturbing side scatter radiation.
  • the radiation conductors 23, 24 are fixed in a mutual holder in their mutual position and in their position relative to the screens 8.
  • the radiation receiver can be mounted on a printed circuit without any special adjustment devices. It is located in the vicinity of the radiation exit surface of the light guide 24. A change in the position of the radiation receiver relative to the light exit surface at most causes a change in the measured intensity, but not an increase in the proportion of interference radiation, since the latter is transmitted to the same extent by the light guide to a greater or lesser extent like the radiation to be measured.

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  • Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
  • Analytical Chemistry (AREA)
  • Business, Economics & Management (AREA)
  • Emergency Management (AREA)
  • Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
  • General Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
  • Fire-Detection Mechanisms (AREA)
  • Investigating Or Analysing Materials By Optical Means (AREA)
  • Measurement Of Radiation (AREA)

Claims (5)

1. Détecteur de fumée à rayonnement, contenant une source de rayonnement et un récepteur de rayonnement, et dans lequel la source de rayonnement émet son rayonnement par l'intermédiaire d'un élément de focalisation, sous la forme d'un faisceau (15) limité en forme de pinceau serré, dans un espace de mesure (25), et dans lequel le récepteur de rayonnement enregistre la variation de rayonnement provoquée par des particules de fumée et mesure l'intensité de cette variation et dans lequel le récepteur de rayonnement est raccordé à un dispositif d'évaluation servant à évaluer les valeurs de mesure, auquel cas dans l'espace de mesure (25) se trouvent disposés des diaphragmes (8) qui captent le rayonnement dispersé, mais ne sont pas situés dans le trajet du rayonnement (14, 15), et également entre l'espace de mesure (25) du récepteur se trouve disposé un élément de focalisation qui limite latéralement le champ de visée du récepteur et est dirigé sur la zone d'intensité maximale du faisceau 15 émis dans l'espace de mesure (25), et les deux éléments de focalisation sont fixés de façon précise dans leurs positions réciproques et par rapport aux diaphragmes (8) situés dans l'espace de mesure (25), caractérisé par le fait que la source de rayonnement et le récepteur de rayonnement sont logés dans des chambres séparées isolées l'une par rapport à l'autre pour ce qui concerne le rayonnement, et que la source de rayonnement et le récepteur de rayonnement sont raccordés par l'intermédiaire de guides de rayonnement (23, 24) de la chambre de mesure (25), que la source de rayonnement et le récepteur de rayonnement sont montés sans dépense particulière pour leur ajustement en position à proximité des surfaces d'extrémité correspondantes des guides de rayonnement (23, 24), que les éléments de focalisation sont formés par des surfaces courbes (26, 27) des guides de rayonnement (23, 24), qui sont tournés vers l'espace de mesure (25), et qu'au moins un diaphragme (22) de limitation du faisceau est disposé entre les guides de rayonnement (23, 24) et l'espace de mesure (25).
2. Détecteur de fumée à rayonnement suivant la revendication 1, caractérisé par le fait que le récepteur est logé dans un boîtier établissant une protection vis-à-vis d'influences de l'environnement et notamment vis-à-vis d'un rayonnement électromagnétique et de la corrosion.
3. Détecteur de fumée à rayonnement suivant l'une des revendications 1 ou 2, caractérisé par le fait que la source de rayonnement, le récepteur de rayonnement et le circuit d'évaluation sont reliés entre eux par l'intermédiaire circuit imprimé commun, réalisé par exemple sous la forme d'un circuit en forme de feuille et sont logés dans un boîtier commun.
4. Détecteur de fumée à rayonnement suivant l'une des revendications 1 à 3, caractérisé par le fait qu'une diode à luminescence est utilisée comme source de 'rayonnement et qu'une photo- diode ou un phototransistor est utilisé en tant que récepteur de rayonnement et que le circuit muni de ces composants est entouré, à l'exception de trajets de la lumière aboutissant aux surfaces frontales correspondantes des guides de lumière, par un matériau opaque à la lumière.
5. Détecteur de fumée à rayonnement suivant la revendication 1, caractérisé par le fait que le guide de rayonnement (23, 24) s'élargit avec une forme conique au moins sur une partie de sa longueur en direction de l'espace de mesure (25).
EP83108590A 1982-09-08 1983-08-31 Détecteur de fumée à rayons dispersés Expired EP0105199B1 (fr)

Priority Applications (1)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
AT83108590T ATE35336T1 (de) 1982-09-08 1983-08-31 Strahlungsrauchmelder.

Applications Claiming Priority (2)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
DE19823233368 DE3233368A1 (de) 1982-09-08 1982-09-08 Strahlungsrauchmelder
DE3233368 1982-09-08

Publications (2)

Publication Number Publication Date
EP0105199A1 EP0105199A1 (fr) 1984-04-11
EP0105199B1 true EP0105199B1 (fr) 1988-06-22

Family

ID=6172741

Family Applications (1)

Application Number Title Priority Date Filing Date
EP83108590A Expired EP0105199B1 (fr) 1982-09-08 1983-08-31 Détecteur de fumée à rayons dispersés

Country Status (3)

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EP (1) EP0105199B1 (fr)
AT (1) ATE35336T1 (fr)
DE (2) DE3233368A1 (fr)

Families Citing this family (10)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
GB2270157B (en) * 1992-08-28 1996-07-24 Hochiki Co Light scattering type smoke detector
JP2648560B2 (ja) * 1993-04-09 1997-09-03 ホーチキ株式会社 散乱光式煙感知器
DE4324439C2 (de) * 1993-07-21 1997-03-20 Preussag Ag Minimax Rauchmelder
GB9417484D0 (en) * 1993-09-07 1994-10-19 Hochiki Co Light scattering type smoke sensor
ATE247316T1 (de) * 1997-05-20 2003-08-15 Siemens Ag Optischer rauchmelder
CA2236813C (fr) * 1997-11-25 2005-12-27 C & K Systems, Inc. Systeme pour l'absorption et/ou la dispersion de l'irradiation superflue dans un capteur de mouvement optique
RU2222803C2 (ru) * 2002-04-15 2004-01-27 Мешковский Игорь Касьянович Система оперативной диагностики биологического загрязнения воздуха в вентиляционных каналах зданий и сооружений
DE102008009213B4 (de) 2008-02-15 2010-09-02 Perkinelmer Optoelectronics Gmbh & Co.Kg Strahlungsleiter, Detektor, Herstellungsverfahren
EP3584774A1 (fr) * 2018-06-19 2019-12-25 Wagner Group GmbH Détecteur de lumière diffusée et système de détection d'incendie au niveau d'aspiration pourvu d'un détecteur de lumière diffusée
US11302166B2 (en) * 2019-12-02 2022-04-12 Carrier Corporation Photo-electric smoke detector using single emitter and single receiver

Family Cites Families (7)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
DE7617247U1 (fr) * 1900-01-01 Cerberus Ag, Maennedorf, Zuerich (Schweiz)
FR1543165A (fr) * 1964-05-06 1968-10-25 Dispositif optique concentrateur d'un type nouveau permettant d'obtenir un éclairement énergétique maximal sur l'élément sensible d'un récepteur de rayonnement, procédé de détermination des caractéristiques optimales de concentrateurs de ce type, et appareils de mise en oeuvre
FR2036476A5 (fr) * 1969-03-13 1970-12-24 Guigues Frederic
US3647300A (en) * 1970-04-27 1972-03-07 Environment One Corp Dual-beam fluid monitor for measuring transmitted and scattered light
FR2317638A1 (fr) * 1975-07-09 1977-02-04 Commissariat Energie Atomique Dispositif d'analyse des constituants d'une solution par mesure photometrique
JPS5855446B2 (ja) * 1975-07-15 1983-12-09 松下電工株式会社 散乱光式煙感知器
DE2951459C2 (de) * 1979-12-20 1984-03-29 Heimann Gmbh, 6200 Wiesbaden Optische Anordnung für einen Rauchmelder nach dem Lichtstreuungsprinzip

Also Published As

Publication number Publication date
ATE35336T1 (de) 1988-07-15
EP0105199A1 (fr) 1984-04-11
DE3233368A1 (de) 1984-03-08
DE3377172D1 (en) 1988-07-28

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