EP0103839A2 - Method and device for constructing a roof structure - Google Patents

Abstract

In a method and a device for constructing a roof structure, the roof substructure situated under a sheet-sealing roof skin is provided with gridlike-distributed water-control outlets which can be, for example, in the form of pipes with or without side wall perforations. In the event of damage, the water passing through the roof skin runs via the immediately adjoining control outlets in a directed manner and quickly through the roof substructure, so that prompt and accurate damage location together with a well-directed repair is possible. In the case of a concrete floor, the pipes can be used at the same time as spacers for concrete-screeding templates. The pipes preferably have, at the bottom, position-fixing and sealing-off feet portions and, at the top, sealing-off covers, which can also be designed as components of concrete-screeding templates. The water-control outlets can be provided both in the case of new roof structures and, retroactively, for refurbishment purposes, in the case of old roof structures. <IMAGE>

Description

The invention relates to a method and a device for producing a roof structure with a waterproof, preferably single-layer and loosely laid on a substructure membrane seal as a roof skin.

In the case of flat or pitched roofs with roof membranes made of plastic or bituminous materials that are welded or glued in strips, there is always a risk of leaks. These lead to water soaking in the roof substructure and are often not exactly or only very difficult to locate. This applies above all to multi-layer roof skins, in which the incoming water can spread out in an uncontrolled manner between the individual layers in order to then get into the substructure at any point. However, the problem described also applies in a similar way to single-layer roof skins, since the water entering can also spread and accumulate in an uncontrolled manner in the substructure before it finally emerges from the underside of the roof. Practice shows that the leak of a _D achhaut very often be found at the points where a wet ceiling surface occurs. In addition, the leakage fault is often only visible when entire ceiling areas have already become soaked in water or have become unusable. In addition, a water-soaked ceiling, such as a gas concrete ceiling, can be very dangerous in the case of water soaking due to the greatly excessive weight. Because of the poor localization of leaks in the roof skin for the reasons mentioned, it is therefore common As a precautionary measure, renovate larger roof areas or the entire roof as soon as problems with leaks occur. However, such an approach is extremely labor intensive and expensive.

The present invention is therefore based on the object of designing a method and a device of the type mentioned in the preamble in such a way that leaks in the roof covering which occur can be determined much more quickly with simple measures and can be localized more precisely.

To achieve the object, it is proposed according to the invention in a method of the type mentioned in the preamble that the substructure is formed with these water control processes which penetrate between its upper and lower sides and are distributed in a grid-like manner over the roof surface. Accordingly, the invention is based on the consideration that it is much cheaper to direct water entering the roof skin in the event of damage immediately via one or more adjacent control processes directly to the roof underside. In this way, the damage can be determined very quickly before the roof structure is intensely dampened. Experiments have shown that the damage location can be located very easily in extremely narrow areas, which depends on the distribution of the control processes. The more precise the control processes are, the more precise the localization. The measure according to the invention thus enables the defective roof skin area to be repaired quickly, specifically and thus cost-effectively, for example by gluing or welding on roof skin reinforcements at the relevant points.

In the case of new buildings, it is preferred according to claim 2 to carry out the control processes directly during the manufacture of the substructure. According to claim 3, this applies above all to concrete ceilings in which tubular shaped parts can be cast in, which at the same time can be used as lost spacers for temporarily applied Ueton pull-off gauges. In addition to the fact that such control processes can also be designed in a different way, for example by means of mold parts that can subsequently be pulled out, the measure mentioned has the essential advantage of a multiple use of the mold parts during and after the ceiling production and a more defined water drainage without the risk of soaking adjacent concrete parts.

In principle, however, it is possible and in many cases preferred to subsequently design the control processes in the finished substructure, such as drilling. According to claim 5, this applies above all to a warm roof to be renovated, in which the entire old roof structure is interspersed with water control processes, as pierced, and then covered with a new roof skin.

So that there are no weaknesses in terms of heat sealing technology in the water control processes, it is preferred to fill the control processes with water-permeable heat insulation material. This ensures adequate thermal insulation, possibly over the entire thickness of the substructure, without impairing the ability to drain water in the event of a leak.

In order to achieve the stated object, a device according to claim 7, which is used to carry out the above-mentioned method, is further characterized by water control processes designed as tubes. Such tubes are simple and inexpensive and can be used during or after the ceiling manufacture. Compared to simple bores in the ceiling substructure, such tubes have the advantage of a more targeted and safe forced water drainage.

According to claim 8 circular thin-walled tubes are preferred in cross section, which lead to low material costs and are easy to use.

So that in any case a safe water drainage in the area of the control drains is ensured even if water has already partially penetrated into the substructure between the control drains, the side walls of the tubes should preferably be provided with perforations, which according to claim 10 are expediently in the longitudinal direction of the tube , ie in the direction of the water drain, are inclined. The last-mentioned measure allows the water to enter the tubes from the outside relatively unhindered, without the water already running out of the tubes emerging from them laterally.

In a further embodiment, base-fixing base sections of the tubes on the underside are preferred. According to claim 12, these can be expanded as a position-fixing means and, according to claim 13, can be ring-shaped and provided with a circumferential pressure lip. Instead, the foot sections according to claim 14 can also have pointed or cutting edges be trained. These measures enable the tubes to be fixed on the underside, in particular for the purpose of fixing them in position prior to the production of a concrete ceiling. The special design of the foot sections depends, among other things, on the type of formwork, which can be made of wood or metal, for example. In addition, the foot sections can prevent the concrete from penetrating into the tubes from below and thus rendering them inoperative.

Furthermore, it is preferred according to claim 15 to provide the tubes during the manufacture of the concrete ceiling with top-side tube sealing means, which can be designed according to claim 16 as a lid with inner plug and according to claim 17 as a lid with an outer edge. These lids prevent the concrete from entering the tubes and must be removed after the ceiling has been completed. For this purpose, the lid can be provided with suitable pulling loops. Instead, according to claim 19, the sealing means of several tubes of a row can be part of a concrete pulling gauge, so that when the pulling gauge is removed, the sealing means are removed at the same time. In this context it is possible, according to claim 20, to combine the sealing means of several tubes into an inverted trough.

The tubes and their components preferably consist of plastic, for example of polyvinyl chloride. This has the advantage of an inexpensive production, a low weight for storage and transport, a rot-proof design and the like.

In a particularly preferred embodiment according to claim 22, there are water-permeable heat insulation inserts in the tubes, which ensure complete thermal insulation and at the same time water permeability in the event of damage.

According to claim 23, for the purpose of the present invention it is also possible, if appropriate, to use commercially available tubes which are used in the corresponding length in the roof structure as water control processes.

• Figur 1 - in einem schematischen Schnitt einen Dachaufbau (Umkehrdach) mit erfindungsgemäßen Wasser-Kontrollabläufen im Dach-Unterbau,
• Figur 2 - in einer schematischen Darstellung die rasterartige Verteilung von Wasser-Kontrollabläufen nach der vorliegenden Erfindung,
• Figur 3 - in einem schematischen Schnitt das erfindungsgemäße Prinzip einer Betondeckenherstellung unter Zuhilfenahme von Röhrchen als Abstandshalter und als Wasser- ; kontrollabläufe,
• Figur 4 - eine abgewandelte Ausführungsform einer Beton-Abziehlehre mit einem mehrere Röhrchen einer Reihe abdeckenden wannenförmigen Deckel,
• Figur 5 - jeweils zwei Ausführungsformen eines perforierten Röhrchens und eines deckeiförmigen Röhrchen-Abdich- tungsmittels und
• Figur 6 - das Prinzip einer Warmdach-Sanierung unter Zuhilfenahme von erfindungsgemäßen Röhrchen als Wasser-Kontrollabläufe.

The invention and further refinements of the same are explained in more detail below using exemplary embodiments illustrated in the drawings. Show it:

• Figure 1 - a schematic section of a roof structure (inverted roof) with water control processes according to the invention in the roof substructure,
• FIG. 2 shows a schematic illustration of the grid-like distribution of water control processes according to the present invention,
• Figure 3 - in a schematic section the principle of a concrete ceiling according to the invention with the help of tubes as spacers and as water; control procedures,
• FIG. 4 shows a modified embodiment of a concrete pull-off gauge with a trough-shaped cover covering several tubes in a row,
• Figure 5 - two embodiments of a perforated tube and a cover-shaped tube sealant and
• Figure 6 - the principle of a warm roof renovation with the help of tubes according to the invention as water control processes.

According to FIG. 1, a roof substructure 10, for example a concrete ceiling, is penetrated between its upper and lower sides by water control processes 12, for example bores. These are distributed in a grid pattern over the roof surface, for example in the grid shown in FIG. 2, in which the individual control processes 12 are combined into rows 20. The substructure 10 is covered on the upper side with a loosely laid, that is to say not glued, single-layer roof skin 14, on which in the present case there is a rot-free thermal insulation 16 on the upper side. In the present case, an intermediate layer 18 is located between the waterproof roof skin 14, which is designed as a membrane seal, and the upper side of the substructure 10, which enables water that may possibly penetrate on the upper side to be distributed or flow in this layer. The intermediate layer 18 may consist, for example, of a water-conductive nonwoven web or merely represent the space between the substructure 10 and the roof skin 14 which is caused by unevenness. The intermediate layer 18 thus enables the surface water penetrating at any point through the roof skin 14 to reach the adjacent water control processes 12 as quickly as possible, in order to then drain off, so that a fault location that can be localized quickly and precisely is possible. While the application of the present invention to an inverted roof is shown by way of example in FIG. 1, it should be pointed out that of course any other type of roof can be provided with water control processes according to the invention.

The embodiment from FIG. 3 relates to a concrete ceiling production according to the present invention. In a known manner, prior to the application of the concrete substructure 10 to a formwork 22 on the underside, spacers, for example in the form of wooden blocks, are provided, by means of which slat-shaped concrete pull-off gauges 30 are held at the top of the planned concrete ceiling in such a way that the concrete is joined Can be smoothed on the upper side with the help of a pulling bar, which is movable in the direction of the arrow and is not specified. The pulling gauges 30 can then be removed while at least the spacers remain in the concrete ceiling. In the embodiment from FIG. 3, the spacer blocks are replaced by tubular water control processes, namely in the left part of FIG. 3 by tubes 24 and in the right part of FIG. 3 by tubes 32. These tubes remaining in the concrete serve as spacers in the manufacture of the ceiling and afterwards as water control processes.

The rows 24 and grid-like distributed tubes 24 have base-fixing foot sections 26 on the underside, which in the present case are flange-like and annularly widened and have fastening holes for nailing or screwing on the one hand and peripheral elastic pressure lips 27 on the other hand. The fastening holes and possibly also the pressure lips can be replaced or supplemented by an underside adhesive layer. . These means ensure that the tubes 24 are sufficiently firmly and tightly anchored on the underside when the concrete ceiling is poured are so that no concrete can enter the inside of the tube. In the tube 32, and the rapid reihonförmig in the same manner _s are distributed terartig, the foot portions are formed frontally protruding spikes or cutting edges in the form of annular 34th This fixes the position and seals in a similar way. While the foot sections 34 can be used, for example, with a wooden formwork 22, the foot sections 26 are more suitable for a formwork 22 made of metal or the like. In addition, it is expedient to fasten the tubes 24 and / or 32 to one or more horizontal reinforcements 38 with the aid of a wire 40, that is to say to fix them in place so that the tubes take on a perfect spacer function and maintain their desired installation position.

During the manufacture of concrete ceilings, the tubes can be protected with a tube sealant in the form of lids 28 with an outer edge or in the form of lids 36 with inner plugs on the top entry of concrete. The lids 28 and / or 36 can be attached to the pull-off gauges 30 as shown in FIG. 3, so that when the pull-off gauges are removed after completion of the concrete ceiling they are pulled off the tubes with the release of their upper water inlets.

In the embodiment from FIG. 4, the lids of a plurality of tubes in a row 20 (FIG. 2) are covered by a lid 42 in the form of an inverted trough-shaped tub on a concrete pull-off gauge 30 during the production of concrete slabs. In contrast to individual lids, which each cover only one tube, this embodiment has the advantage, among other things, of a simple, quick _len S the tubes of a row, even if the tubes are not properly centered.

FIG. 5 shows that the side walls of a tube ₄ 4 (left part of FIG. 5) can be provided with perforations 46 which are inclined from the outside inwards in the direction of the water drainage, that is to say from top to bottom. In contrast, a tube 48 (right part of FIG. 5) can be provided with perforations 50 which penetrate the side walls. These perforations 46 or 50 allow water to enter the tubes from the roof substructure surrounding the tubes and thus to drain them quickly even if the water has not penetrated into the tubes' inlets, but into the other substructure. The perforations 46 have the advantage over the perforations 50 that it is easier for the water to flow into the tubes and that water does not flow out of the tubes.

FIG. 5 also shows that a cover 52 has an inner plug 54 which engages in the tube 44 or 48 and an upper side plug. Can have pull loop 56, which can be folded over elastically and can straighten itself up again. In contrast, a cover 58 can be provided with an edge 60 encompassing the tube 44 or 48 and a pulling loop 62 corresponding to the pulling loop 56. In these embodiments, the covers 52 and 58, for example, adjoin the upper edge of the finished concrete ceiling, the elastic loops 56 and 62 allowing the concrete ceiling to be pulled off by means of a pull-off bar. After pulling off, the pull loops 56 and 62 align automatically on again, so that the covers 52 and 58 can be detached from the associated tubes 44 and 48.

FIG. 6 shows how a defective warm roof (with thermal insulation located under the roof skin) can be renovated. According to FIG. 6, there is thermal insulation 66 on a load-bearing ceiling 64, for example made of concrete or wood, which is covered by an old, defective roof skin 68, which can also be laid in multiple layers and glued. The substructure comprising the ceiling 64, the thermal insulation 66 and the defective roof skin 68 can, for example, be pierced for renovation purposes and then provided with inserted tubes 70 which take over the function of the water control processes and extend from the top to the bottom of the roof substructure. A loosely applied, single-layer membrane sealing roof skin 74 is then applied to the roof skin 68 via a water-conductive intermediate layer 72, which corresponds to the intermediate layer 18 from FIG. If this is to be converted into a warm roof, a further, but rot-free, heat-insulating layer 70 can be applied to this. Of course, the tubes 70 can also be provided with perforations 46 and / or 50 (FIG. 5). If the new single-layer roof skin 74 should ever become leaky, it is possible to locate the fault location quickly and precisely, as in the other embodiments.

The interior of the water control processes 12 or the tubes 24, 32, 44, 48, 70 in itself represents a thermal bridge, which is relatively harmless in itself because of the small tube diameter and the grid-like distribution. However, if such thermal bridges, for example with a larger tube diameter or with a narrower distribution grid, the water control processes or the tubes can be filled with a water-permeable heat insulation material, such as with plastic beads made of polystyrene or the like. For this purpose, it would only be necessary to provide a sieve on the inside, onto which the material is poured. Instead, however, it is also possible, as shown in FIG. 5, to provide prefabricated water-permeable heat insulation inserts 63 made of the appropriate material, which are used in the control processes or are already inserted into the tubes upon delivery. The heat insulation inserts 63 can consist of individual plastic balls which are glued together at their mutual boundary points. The inserts can be held in the tube by separate gluing or by a press fit. They ensure perfect thermal insulation and at the same time allow water to pass through the spaces between the beads.

The illustrated embodiments and use cases are only examples and can be modified in many ways. It is always important that the roof substructure under the roof skin is provided with grid-like water control processes, which are, for example, at a mutual distance of one to three meters. The internal cross section can largely be chosen arbitrarily _. will. However, it must be so large that, in the event of damage, water that flows in can flow through the neighboring control processes essentially unimpeded, so that fault location can be carried out correctly. Normally, for example, holes or clear diameters in the Of the order of 10 to 20 mm should be sufficient. However, smaller diameters are also conceivable, especially in connection with narrower distribution grids of the control processes. If sufficient internal thermal insulation is provided, much larger internal cross sections can also be used, provided that this does not weaken the load-bearing roof substructure too much.

Claims (23)

1. A method for producing a roof structure with a waterproof, preferably single-layer and loosely laid on a substructure, membrane seal as a roof skin, characterized in that the substructure is formed with these penetrating between its top and bottom sides and grid-like water control processes distributed over the roof surface . 2. The method according to claim 1, characterized in that the control processes during the manufacture of the substructure are formed in this. 3. The method according to claim 2 for a roof structure with a concrete ceiling as a substructure, characterized in that tubular molded parts are poured into these at the grid points and at the same time are used as lost spacers for transversely attached lath-shaped concrete pull-off gauges. 4. The method according to claim 1, characterized in that the control processes in the finished substructure are subsequently formed, such as drilled. 5. The method according to claim 4 for a warm roof to be renovated with thermal insulation located below the leaky roof skin, characterized in that said substructure including the thermal insulation and the roof skin with water control runs penetrated, as pierced, and then covered with a loosely laid, single-layer membrane sealing roof skin, in particular with thermal insulation (inverted roof) on top. 6. The method according to one or more of claims 1 to 5, characterized in that the water control processes are completely or partially filled with water-permeable heat insulation material, such as selectively bonded plastic beads. 7. Device for performing the method according to one or more of claims 1 to 6, characterized by water control processes (12) in the form of tubes (24, 32, 44, 48, 70). 8. The device according to claim 7, characterized by thin-walled tubes (24, 32, 44, 48, 70) which are circular in cross section. 9. The device according to claim 7 or 8, characterized by tubes (44 ₁ 48) with perforations penetrating their side walls (46; 50). 10. The device according to claim 9, characterized in that the perforations (46) are inclined in the longitudinal direction of the tube. 11. The device according to one or more of claims 7 to 10, characterized in that the tubes (24; 32) are formed on the underside with position-fixing foot sections (26; 34). 12. The apparatus according to claim 11, characterized by flange-like extended foot sections (26), such as those with them penetrating mounting holes and / or with underside adhesive layer. 13. The apparatus according to claim 12, characterized in that the foot sections (2G). are ring-shaped and at least on their circumference as elastic pressure lips (27). 14. The apparatus according to claim 11, 12 or 13, characterized by foot portions (34) formed with tips or annular cutting edges projecting on the end face. 15. The device according to one or more of claims 7 to 14, characterized by tube sealing means (28, 36, 52, 58) to be removed after the concrete ceiling has been produced. 16. The apparatus according to claim 15, characterized by a tube-sealing means (36, 52) formed as a lid with inner plug (54). 17. The apparatus according to claim 15, characterized by a tube sealing means (28, 58) formed as a lid with an outer edge (60). 18. The apparatus according to claim 16 or 17, characterized by cover (52, 58) with foldable, self-erecting pull loops (56, 62). 19. The device according to one or more of claims 15 to 18, characterized in that the tube sealing means in each case a row (20) of a plurality of tubes (24, 32, 44, 48, 70) as components of a concrete ceiling after Position to be removed slat-shaped concrete pulling gauge (30) are formed. 20. The apparatus according to claim 19, characterized in that the tube sealing means are combined to form a plurality of tubes (24, 32, 44, 48, 70) on the end face, the reverse trough-shaped trough (42). 21. The device according to one or more of claims 7 to 20, characterized in that the tubes (24, 32, 44, 48, 70) and / or the foot sections (26, 34) and / or the tube sealing means (28, 36, 52, 58) consist of plastic. 22. The device according to one or more of claims 7 to 21, characterized by tubes (44; 48) with a water-permeable heat insulation insert (63), such as one made of plastic beads glued together at the contact points. 23. The use of tubes, in particular those made of plastic, as a grid-like distributed water-control processes in a _D achaufbau below a roof skin.

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