EP3211140B1 - Tunnel structure constructed in an open design with at least concrete body and sealing system which cannot be penetrated - Google Patents

Tunnel structure constructed in an open design with at least concrete body and sealing system which cannot be penetrated Download PDF

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Publication number
EP3211140B1
EP3211140B1 EP17157023.7A EP17157023A EP3211140B1 EP 3211140 B1 EP3211140 B1 EP 3211140B1 EP 17157023 A EP17157023 A EP 17157023A EP 3211140 B1 EP3211140 B1 EP 3211140B1
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EP
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Prior art keywords
sealing
layer
tunnel structure
tunnel
concrete body
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EP17157023.7A
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German (de)
French (fr)
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EP3211140A1 (en
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Herbert Lassnig
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Huesker Synthetic GmbH and Co
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Huesker Synthetic GmbH and Co
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Priority claimed from DE102016111724.2A external-priority patent/DE102016111724B4/en
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    • E—FIXED CONSTRUCTIONS
    • E02—HYDRAULIC ENGINEERING; FOUNDATIONS; SOIL SHIFTING
    • E02D—FOUNDATIONS; EXCAVATIONS; EMBANKMENTS; UNDERGROUND OR UNDERWATER STRUCTURES
    • E02D29/00—Independent underground or underwater structures; Retaining walls
    • E02D29/045—Underground structures, e.g. tunnels or galleries, built in the open air or by methods involving disturbance of the ground surface all along the location line; Methods of making them

Definitions

  • the invention relates to an open construction tunnel structure with at least one concrete body and a non-posterior sealing system therefor.
  • Tunnel structures constructed using the open method mainly serve to protect nature and noise.
  • the building ground is first exposed and a concrete body is erected on it, which is covered with a fill after completion.
  • the concrete body is designed as a single tube with an ⁇ -shaped cross section or as a rectangular box profile. With several directions of travel, at least two adjacent tunnel tubes are generally erected.
  • a one-piece concrete body with a so-called spectacle profile is often built, which is formed from two adjacent, each ⁇ -shaped cross sections, which are combined in a central wall section. The point of union is significantly lower than the apex of the two tunnel tubes, so that leachate collects there.
  • the DE 196 25 245 A1 describes a seal for a mining tunnel.
  • a swelling filler is incorporated between two layers of a vacuum-testable multiple seal.
  • This sealing membrane is intended to be applied to the inside of the tunnel wall in order to seal the fault in the event of damage to the sealing layer. This ensures that the sealing system can be checked despite local damage.
  • An application for tunnel structures created in open construction is not disclosed.
  • the EP 1067 241 A1 describes a sealing system on a tunnel structure, but the disclosed sealing relates solely to the basic sealing and not to the tubular tunnel structure.
  • US 5 836 717 A shows a tunnel structure with an omega-shaped cross-section, but does not provide a seal for it.
  • the object of the present invention is therefore to provide a tunnel structure created in an open construction with a reliable sealing system, in which in particular the impairment of larger surface areas of the structure in the event of local damage in the sealing system is avoided.
  • Essential to the invention is the use of a multilayer sealing membrane made of textile materials which are permeable to water and filled with a swellable bentonite for the additional sealing of the concrete body of the tunnel structure in the event of damage to an already existing primary seal.
  • the secondary sealing layer provided according to the invention is installed directly on the concrete body of the tunnel, namely from the respective outer base point via the upper apex to the base point on the other, opposite side or, in the case of a rectangular profile, from up to the side base points.
  • the lower sealing layer on the concrete body, which is swellable, is covered with a plastic sealing membrane (KDB), so that the primary sealing effect is achieved by the KDB and water is drained off to the sides by the KDB.
  • KDB plastic sealing membrane
  • partition joint tapes provided in the prior art can be dispensed with, as a result of which a significantly better concrete quality is achieved.
  • the penetrating leachate causes the bentonite in the secondary sealing layer below to swell, so that a water-blocking protective layer is automatically formed.
  • leachate cannot pass through both sealing layers up to and into the concrete body.
  • a backwardness of the sealing system as a whole is thus effectively avoided: water penetrating the primary sealing layer on top, which runs behind the primary sealing layer, only leads to a larger swelling of the bentonite in the secondary sealing layer, so that the self-sealing effect continues until through the swelling pressure in the bentonite layer, which acts against the plastic sealing membrane from the inside, the water flow is completely stopped.
  • a press connection is formed by the infiltration of water.
  • tunnel structures with two adjacent tubes with a so-called spectacle profile is particularly advantageous.
  • the sealing layers are laid from one base of a tunnel tube to its apex and then in a straight line or with a slight central elevation to the apex of the adjacent tunnel tube and from there resting on the concrete body to the other base.
  • the area of the throat which is particularly susceptible to damage, between the two ⁇ -shaped profiles, the so-called critical low point, is completely covered by the sealing system according to the invention, in a straight line or slightly curved outwards, in order to avoid the accumulation of water in this area from the outset.
  • the fillet area between the two partial profiles is filled up before the start of the sealing work in order to support the sealing layers provided there.
  • the spectacle profile for the sealing system is thus eliminated. This only results in radially guided and verifiable heating wedge welds on the plastic sealing membrane. The Water flow is therefore removed from the critical area and derived via the cross-section inclination.
  • additional protective layers for example made of fleece, can be provided in order to avoid damage to the sealing system, in particular by stones pressed on during the pouring.
  • a drainage layer is provided on the primary sealing layer, at least in the region extending between the two vertices.
  • drainage elements are used in particular, which comprise a solid plastic lattice structure, so that seepage water can be drained to the side in the drainage layer without back pressure, without a back pressure acting on the two sealing layers being able to arise.
  • a three-layer drain composite is used as the drainage layer, which consists of a pressure-stable geo-mesh made of PE-HD and nonwovens made of polypropylene that are thermally laminated on both sides.
  • a preferred embodiment also provides for the sealing sheets used for the secondary sealing layer to be provided with a bentonite scattering applied at the factory in at least one edge region, which is preferably permanently fixed by suitable adhesive systems.
  • the sealing sheeting prepared with this is laid overlapping and pressed against the concrete body by the pouring in later. If damage to the outer plastic sealing membrane occurred in the area of the overlap and water penetrated into the overlap area, the bentonite scattering would swell and seal the area automatically. Due to the preferably provided fixation of the bentonite scattering in the edge area, ready-to-install sheets can be provided without having to carry out a manual pouring during installation.
  • the sealing effect can even be achieved in those outer side areas of a rounded concrete body in which the tangential angle on the ⁇ -shaped profile is already more than 45 ° downwards, so that a manual pouring would trickle off.
  • FIG. 1 A completed tunnel structure 100 is shown in section. It consists of the concrete body 10 with two tunnel tubes 11, 12, each of which has an ⁇ -shaped cross section and which are joined together to form a central wall 13 with their sides lying against one another. This shape of the profile is called the glasses profile.
  • the foundation areas are arranged at a slightly offset height from one side to the other, which also results in a gradient between the upper vertices 15, 16 of the concrete body 10.
  • a multi-layer sealing system 20 formed according to the invention, which is shown as a dashed line. This consists of at least two sealing layers that run from the base points 14 over the side regions 13 to the top vertices 15, 16 above.
  • the sealing system 20 extends stretched between the vertices 15, 16. For this purpose, the area of the depression in the throat 17 was previously provided with a supporting fill.
  • protective plates 40 made of precast concrete or in-situ concrete can be placed in order to protect the sealing system 20 in the area between the vertices 15, 16 against the pressure of a fill 31.
  • the concrete body 10 thus prepared is completely covered with bulk material, to which a mineral soil layer 32 is then applied for greening.
  • Fig. 2 shows a sealing system 20 according to the invention in a basic form in section, specifically in the area of an overlap of two sealing sheets of the secondary sealing layer 22.
  • the underlying sealing sheet has fixed bentonite scattering 23 in the edge area overlaps.
  • a plastic sealing membrane, which forms the primary sealing layer 21, is placed over this.

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  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Environmental & Geological Engineering (AREA)
  • Life Sciences & Earth Sciences (AREA)
  • General Life Sciences & Earth Sciences (AREA)
  • Mining & Mineral Resources (AREA)
  • Paleontology (AREA)
  • Civil Engineering (AREA)
  • General Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Structural Engineering (AREA)
  • Lining And Supports For Tunnels (AREA)

Description

Die Erfindung betrifft ein in offener Bauweise erstelltes Tunnelbauwerk mit wenigstens einem Betonkörper und ein nicht-hinterläufiges Abdichtungssystem dafür.The invention relates to an open construction tunnel structure with at least one concrete body and a non-posterior sealing system therefor.

In offener Bauweise errichtete Tunnelbauwerke dienen überwiegend dem Natur- und Lärmschutz. Dazu wird zunächst der Baugrund freigelegt und darauf ein Betonkörper errichtet, der nach Fertigstellung mit einer Einschüttung überdeckt wird. In einer einfachen Ausführungsform ist der Betonkörper als einzelne Röhre mit einem Ω-förmigen Querschnitt oder als Rechteck-Kastenprofil ausgebildet. Bei mehreren Fahrtrichtungen werden in der Regel wenigstens zwei nebeneinanderliegende Tunnelröhren errichtet. Hierzu wird oftmals ein einstückiger Betonkörper mit einem sogenannten Brillenprofil gebaut, der aus zwei nebeneinanderliegenden, jeweils Ω-förmigen Querschnitten gebildet ist, die in einem mittleren Wandabschnitt vereinigt sind. Der Vereinigungspunkt liegt deutlich tiefer als die Scheitelpunkte der beiden Tunnelröhren, sodass sich dort Sickerwasser sammelt.Tunnel structures constructed using the open method mainly serve to protect nature and noise. For this purpose, the building ground is first exposed and a concrete body is erected on it, which is covered with a fill after completion. In a simple embodiment, the concrete body is designed as a single tube with an Ω-shaped cross section or as a rectangular box profile. With several directions of travel, at least two adjacent tunnel tubes are generally erected. For this purpose, a one-piece concrete body with a so-called spectacle profile is often built, which is formed from two adjacent, each Ω-shaped cross sections, which are combined in a central wall section. The point of union is significantly lower than the apex of the two tunnel tubes, so that leachate collects there.

Eine gute Abdichtung des Betonkörpers sowie eine Drainage sind erforderlich, um das sich dort sammelnde Wasser abzuführen. Da der Betonkörper nach Fertigstellung und Überdeckung des Bauwerks von außen nicht mehr zugänglich ist, können Defekte in der Abdichtung nicht mehr repariert werden bzw. nur mit hohem Aufwand durch vom Inneren der Tunnelröhren eingeführte Injektionen. Dies gilt in besonderem Maße bei Brillenprofilen für die zwischen den Scheitelpunkten liegende vertiefte Kehle.Good sealing of the concrete body and drainage are required to drain the water that collects there. Since the concrete body is no longer accessible from the outside after completion and covering of the structure, defects in the seal can no longer be repaired or only with great effort through injections introduced from inside the tunnel tubes. This applies particularly to eyeglass profiles for the recessed throat located between the vertices.

Ein zusätzliches Problem besteht darin, dass die nach dem Stand der Technik vorgesehenen Dichtungssysteme, welche der Form des Betonkörpers unmittelbar folgen und auf diesen aufgelegt sind, zur sogenannten Hinterläufigkeit führen. Das heißt, dass Wasser, das durch einen punktuellen Defekt durch die Dichtungsebene gelangt, sich zwischen der Dichtungsbahn und dem Betonkörper ungehindert ausbreiten kann und dem Gefälle der Tunnelröhren folgend hinter der Dichtungsschicht herlaufen kann. Somit ist nicht nur der Betonkörper unmittelbar an der lokalen Schadstelle betroffen, sondern der Schaden erstreckt sich über einen wesentlich größeren und nicht vorhersehbaren Streckenabschnitt.An additional problem is that the sealing systems provided according to the prior art, which directly follow the shape of the concrete body and are placed on it, lead to the so-called backwardness. This means that water that passes through the sealing level due to a punctual defect can spread unhindered between the sealing membrane and the concrete body and, following the slope of the tunnel tubes, behind the sealing layer can run here. This means that not only is the concrete body directly affected at the local damaged area, but the damage extends over a much larger and unforeseeable section of the route.

Gemäß dem in der Richtlinie " Tunnelabdichtung - Dezember 2012", Kapitel 2.3 (Herausgeber: Österreichische Bautechnik Vereinigung ), beschriebenen System "offene Bauweise" (OBW) werden in den Frischbeton in der Regel im Längsachsenabstand von ca. 25 m radial "außenliegende Abschottungsfugenbänder" aus dem artgleichen Material wie die als Primärdichtungen später vorgesehenen Kunststoffdichtungsbahn eingedrückt. Diese werden als "Schottfugenbänder" bezeichnet. Zwischen die Fugenbänder wird ein Schutzvlies verlegt und darüber eine Kunststoffdichtungsbahn, welche händisch - daher nicht prüfbar - an die Abschottungsfugenbänder angeschweißt wird. Dadurch entstehen auf dem Tunnelbauwerk einzelne Sektionen mit großer Fläche, die im Schadensfall komplett betroffen sein können; bei einem klassischen Abstand der Abschottungsfugenbänder von 25 m etwa ergibt sich bei einem klassischen Brillenprofil mit zwei im Querschnitt Ω-förmigen Röhren nebeneinander für zwei Richtungsfahrbahnen eine Fläche von etwa 450 m2 pro Sektion. Nachteilig ist zudem, dass das Eindrücken der Abschottfugenbänder in den Frischbeton händisch erfolgt, wobei Lufteinschlüsse entstehen können. Dadurch ist die gesicherte Betonüberdeckung an der Betonbewehrung nicht gegeben und nicht kontrollierbar. Somit ist die Gebrauchsdauer des Bauwerks, gegebenenfalls sogar die Statik, zu hinterfragen.According to the " Tunnel sealing - December 2012 ", chapter 2.3 (publisher: Österreichisches Bautechnik Vereinigung ) described system "open construction" (OBW) are generally pressed into the fresh concrete at a longitudinal axis distance of approx. 25 m radially "external partition joint tapes" made of the same type of material as the plastic sealing membrane later intended as primary seals. These are referred to as "bulkhead tapes". A protective fleece is laid between the joint tapes and a plastic sealing membrane, which is welded to the partition joint tapes by hand - therefore cannot be checked. This creates individual sections with a large area on the tunnel structure, which can be completely affected in the event of damage; With a classic spacing of the sealing joint tapes of approximately 25 m, a surface area of approximately 450 m 2 per section results for a classic spectacle profile with two Ω-shaped tubes next to one another for two directional carriageways. Another disadvantage is that the sealing joint tapes are pressed into the fresh concrete by hand, whereby air pockets can occur. As a result, the secured concrete cover on the concrete reinforcement is not given and cannot be checked. The service life of the structure, possibly even the statics, must therefore be questioned.

Die DE 196 25 245 A1 beschreibt eine Abdichtung für einen bergmännisch getriebenen Tunnel. Zwischen zwei Lagen einer vakuumprüfbaren Mehrfachdichtung ist ein quellender Füllstoff eingearbeitet. Dies Dichtungsbahn ist dazu bestimmt, von innen an die Tunnelwandung angelegt zu werden, um im Falle einer Beschädigung der anliegenden Dichtungsschicht eine Abdichtung der Fehlstelle zu erreichen. Dadurch kann die Prüfbarkeit des Dichtungssystems trotz lokaler Beschädigung gewährleistet werden. Eine Anwendung für in offener Bauweise erstellte Tunnelbauwerke ist nicht offenbart.The DE 196 25 245 A1 describes a seal for a mining tunnel. A swelling filler is incorporated between two layers of a vacuum-testable multiple seal. This sealing membrane is intended to be applied to the inside of the tunnel wall in order to seal the fault in the event of damage to the sealing layer. This ensures that the sealing system can be checked despite local damage. An application for tunnel structures created in open construction is not disclosed.

Die EP 1067 241 A1 beschreibt ein Abdichtungssystem an einem Tunnelbauwerk, jedoch bezieht sich die offenbarte Abdichtung einzig und allein auf die Grundabdichtung und nicht auf den röhrenförmigen Tunnelbaukörper.The EP 1067 241 A1 describes a sealing system on a tunnel structure, but the disclosed sealing relates solely to the basic sealing and not to the tubular tunnel structure.

US 5 836 717 A zeigt ein Tunnelbauwerk mit Omega-förmigem Querschnitt, gibt jedoch keine Abdichtung dafür an. US 5 836 717 A shows a tunnel structure with an omega-shaped cross-section, but does not provide a seal for it.

Die Aufgabe der vorliegenden Erfindung besteht somit darin, ein in offener Bauweise erstellte Tunnelbauwerk mit einem zuverlässigen Dichtungssystem zu versehen, bei dem insbesondere die Beeinträchtigung größerer Flächenbereiche des Bauwerks im Falle eines lokalen Schadens im Dichtungssystem vermieden wird.The object of the present invention is therefore to provide a tunnel structure created in an open construction with a reliable sealing system, in which in particular the impairment of larger surface areas of the structure in the event of local damage in the sealing system is avoided.

Diese Aufgabe wird erfindungsgemäß durch ein in offener Bauweise erstelltes Tunnelbauwerk mit den Merkmalen des Anspruchs 1 und durch ein nicht-hinterläufiges Abdichtungssystem für ein in offener Bauweise erstelltes Tunnelbauwerk mit den Merkmalen des Anspruchs 10 gelöst.This object is achieved according to the invention by a tunnel structure created in an open construction with the features of claim 1 and by a non-backward sealing system for a tunnel structure created in an open construction with the features of claim 10.

Erfindungswesentlich ist die Verwendung einer mehrlagigen Dichtungsbahn aus textilen Materialien, die wasserdurchlässig und mit einem quellfähigen Bentonit gefüllt sind, für die zusätzliche Abdichtung des Betonkörpers des Tunnelbauwerks bei Beschädigung einer ohnehin vorhandenen Primärdichtung.Essential to the invention is the use of a multilayer sealing membrane made of textile materials which are permeable to water and filled with a swellable bentonite for the additional sealing of the concrete body of the tunnel structure in the event of damage to an already existing primary seal.

Die erfindungsgemäß vorgesehene sekundäre Dichtungsschicht wird unmittelbar auf dem Betonkörper des Tunnels aufliegend eingebaut, und zwar von dem jeweiligen äußeren Fußpunkt über den oberen Scheitelpunkt bis zum Fußpunkt auf der anderen, gegenüberliegenden Seite bzw., im Falle eines Rechteckprofils, von bis zu den seitlichen Fußpunkten. Die auf dem Betonkörper aufliegende, untere Dichtungsschicht, die quellfähig ist, wird mit einer Kunststoffdichtungsbahn (KDB) überdeckt, so dass die primäre Dichtwirkung durch die KDB erzielt wird und durch die KDB Wasser zu den Seiten abgeleitet wird. Im Idealfall verbleibt die sekundäre Dichtungsschicht völlig trocken und unbeeinflusst darunter.The secondary sealing layer provided according to the invention is installed directly on the concrete body of the tunnel, namely from the respective outer base point via the upper apex to the base point on the other, opposite side or, in the case of a rectangular profile, from up to the side base points. The lower sealing layer on the concrete body, which is swellable, is covered with a plastic sealing membrane (KDB), so that the primary sealing effect is achieved by the KDB and water is drained off to the sides by the KDB. Ideally, the secondary sealing layer remains completely dry and unaffected underneath.

Zudem können die im Stand der Technik vorgesehenen Abschottfugenbänder entfallen, wodurch eine deutlich bessere Betonqualität erreicht wird.In addition, the partition joint tapes provided in the prior art can be dispensed with, as a result of which a significantly better concrete quality is achieved.

Sofern es zu einer lokalen Beschädigung der obenliegenden, primären Dichtungsschicht aus Kunststofffolie kommen sollte, führt das durchdringende Sickerwasser zu einem Aufquellen des Bentonits in der darunterliegenden, sekundären Dichtungsschicht, sodass sich selbsttätig eine wassersperrende Schutzschicht ausbildet. Sickerwasser kann somit nach der Erfindung nicht durch beide Dichtungsschichten hindurch bis an und bis in den Betonkörper gelangen.If there is local damage to the primary sealing layer made of plastic film, the penetrating leachate causes the bentonite in the secondary sealing layer below to swell, so that a water-blocking protective layer is automatically formed. According to the invention, leachate cannot pass through both sealing layers up to and into the concrete body.

Eine Hinterläufigkeit des Dichtungssystems in seiner Gesamtheit wird damit wirksam vermieden: an der oben aufliegenden primären Dichtungsschicht eindringendes Wasser, das die primäre Dichtungsschicht hinterläuft, führt lediglich zu einem großflächigeren Aufquellen des Bentonits in der sekundären Dichtungsschicht, sodass sich die selbstdichtende Wirkung solange fortsetzt, bis durch den Quelldruck in der Bentonitschicht, der von der Innenseite her gegen die Kunststoffdichtungsbahn wirkt, der Wasserdurchlauf vollständig gestoppt wird. Durch das Einsickern von Wasser wird eine Pressverbindung ausgebildet.A backwardness of the sealing system as a whole is thus effectively avoided: water penetrating the primary sealing layer on top, which runs behind the primary sealing layer, only leads to a larger swelling of the bentonite in the secondary sealing layer, so that the self-sealing effect continues until through the swelling pressure in the bentonite layer, which acts against the plastic sealing membrane from the inside, the water flow is completely stopped. A press connection is formed by the infiltration of water.

Die Vorteile der erfindungsgemäßen Verwendung einer quellfähigen Bentonit-Dichtungsbahn auf der Außenseite des Betonkörpers ergeben sich bei Tunnelbauwerke gerade dort, wo wenig Gefälle besteht. Bei Tunnelbauwerken mit wenigstens einer runden Röhre ist der Bereich des Scheitelpunktes der gefährdete Bereich.The advantages of using a swellable bentonite sealing membrane on the outside of the concrete body according to the invention arise in tunnel structures precisely where there is little gradient. In tunnel structures with at least one round tube, the area of the apex is the endangered area.

Bei einem Betonkörper, der als Rechteck-Kastenprofil ausgebildet ist, ist praktisch der gesamte Dachbereich gefährdet, da dort über die ganze Breite nur ein geringes Gefälle besteht. Durch das aufquellende Bentonit in wenigstens einer der Dichtschichten wird eine selbstdichtende Wirkung erzielt, sobald Wasser in den gefährdeten Bereich eindringt.In the case of a concrete body that is designed as a rectangular box section, practically the entire roof area is at risk, since there is only a slight slope across the entire width. The swelling bentonite in at least one of the sealing layers achieves a self-sealing effect as soon as water penetrates into the endangered area.

Besonders vorteilhaft ist die Anwendung bei Tunnelbauwerken mit zwei nebeneinanderliegenden Röhren, mit einem sogenannten Brillenprofil. Hier werden die Dichtungsschichten von einem Fußpunkt einer Tunnelröhre bis zu deren Scheitelpunkt und dann geradlinig oder mit leichter mittiger Überhöhung bis zum Scheitelpunkt der benachbarten Tunnelröhre verlegt und von dort wieder auf dem Betonkörper aufliegend bis zu dem anderen Fußpunkt. Der besonders schadensanfällige Bereich der Kehle zwischen den beiden Ω-förmigen Profilen, des sogenannten kritischen Tiefpunkts, wird erfindungsgemäß von dem Dichtungssystem vollständig überspannt, und zwar geradlinig oder leicht nach außen weisend gekrümmt, um die Ansammlung von Wasser in diesem Bereich von vornherein zu vermeiden.The use in tunnel structures with two adjacent tubes with a so-called spectacle profile is particularly advantageous. Here the sealing layers are laid from one base of a tunnel tube to its apex and then in a straight line or with a slight central elevation to the apex of the adjacent tunnel tube and from there resting on the concrete body to the other base. The area of the throat, which is particularly susceptible to damage, between the two Ω-shaped profiles, the so-called critical low point, is completely covered by the sealing system according to the invention, in a straight line or slightly curved outwards, in order to avoid the accumulation of water in this area from the outset.

Der Kehlbereich zwischen den beiden Teilprofilen wird vor dem Beginn der Abdichtungsarbeiten aufgeschüttet, um die dort vorgesehenen Dichtungsschichten zu stützen. Damit wird nach einer bevorzugten Ausführungsform der Erfindung für das Dichtungssystem das Brillenprofil beseitigt. Daraus resultieren ausschließlich radial geführte und prüffähige Heizkeil-Schweißnähte an der Kunststoffdichtungsbahn. Die Wasserführung wird also aus dem kritischen Bereich entfernt und über die Querprofilneigung abgeleitet.The fillet area between the two partial profiles is filled up before the start of the sealing work in order to support the sealing layers provided there. According to a preferred embodiment of the invention, the spectacle profile for the sealing system is thus eliminated. This only results in radially guided and verifiable heating wedge welds on the plastic sealing membrane. The Water flow is therefore removed from the critical area and derived via the cross-section inclination.

Gemäß weiteren bevorzugten Ausführungsformen der Erfindung können zusätzliche Schutzschichten, beispielsweise aus Vlies, vorgesehen sein, um Beschädigungen des Dichtungssystems, insbesondere durch bei der Einschüttung aufgedrückte Steine zu vermeiden.According to further preferred embodiments of the invention, additional protective layers, for example made of fleece, can be provided in order to avoid damage to the sealing system, in particular by stones pressed on during the pouring.

Erfindungswesentlich ist außerdem, dass auf die primäre Dichtungsschicht, zumindest in dem sich zwischen den beiden Scheitelpunkten erstreckenden Bereich, eine Drainageschicht vorgesehen ist. Hierfür werden insbesondere Drainageelemente verwendet, die ein festes Kunststoffgittergerüst umfassen, sodass Sickerwasser staudruckfrei in der Drainageschicht zur Seite abgeleitet werden kann, ohne dass ein auf den beiden Dichtungsschichten wirkender Staudruck entstehen kann. Vorzugsweise wird als Drainageschicht ein dreischichtiges Drainkomposit verwendet, das aus einem druckstabilen Geonetz aus PE-HD und beidseitig thermisch auflaminierten Vliesen aus Polypropylen besteht.It is also essential to the invention that a drainage layer is provided on the primary sealing layer, at least in the region extending between the two vertices. For this purpose, drainage elements are used in particular, which comprise a solid plastic lattice structure, so that seepage water can be drained to the side in the drainage layer without back pressure, without a back pressure acting on the two sealing layers being able to arise. Preferably, a three-layer drain composite is used as the drainage layer, which consists of a pressure-stable geo-mesh made of PE-HD and nonwovens made of polypropylene that are thermally laminated on both sides.

Zusätzlich zur Drainage oder alternativ dazu kann vorgesehen sein, den sich zwischen den beiden Scheitelpunkten erstreckenden Bereich des Dichtungssystems mit Schutzplatten, insbesondere aus Beton, zu überdecken, um Kräfte von Setzbewegungen von aufliegendem Erdreich, die möglicherweise auf die Dichtungsschichten wirken, abzufangen.In addition to the drainage or alternatively, provision can be made to cover the area of the sealing system which extends between the two vertices with protective plates, in particular made of concrete, in order to intercept forces of settling movements from overlying soil which may act on the sealing layers.

Eine bevorzugte Ausführungsform sieht zudem vor, die für die sekundäre Dichtungsschicht verwendeten Dichtungsbahnen mit einer in wenigstens einem Randbereich außenseitig werkseitig aufgebrachten Bentonitstreuung zu versehen, die vorzugsweise durch geeignete Haftsysteme dauerhaft fixiert ist. Bei einem Einbau werden die damit vorbereiteten Dichtungsbahnen überlappend verlegt und durch die später aufgebrachte Einschüttung an den Betonkörper angepresst. Sollte es ausgerechnet im Bereich der Überlappung zu einer Beschädigung der äußeren Kunststoffdichtungsbahn kommen und Wasser in den Überlappungsbereich eindringen, so würde die Bentonitstreuung aufquellen und den Bereich selbsttätig abdichten. Durch die bevorzugt vorgesehene Fixierung der Bentonitstreuung im Kantenbereich können verlegefertige Bahnen bereitgestellt werden, ohne dass eine manuelle Schüttung beim Einbau vorgenommen werden muss. Zudem kann die abdichtende Wirkung sogar in denjenigen äußeren Seitenbereichen eines gerundeten Betonkörpers erzielt werden, in denen der tangentiale Winkel auf dem Ω-förmigen Profil bereits mehr als 45° nach unten weisend beträgt, sodass eine manuelle Schüttung abrieseln würde.A preferred embodiment also provides for the sealing sheets used for the secondary sealing layer to be provided with a bentonite scattering applied at the factory in at least one edge region, which is preferably permanently fixed by suitable adhesive systems. During installation, the sealing sheeting prepared with this is laid overlapping and pressed against the concrete body by the pouring in later. If damage to the outer plastic sealing membrane occurred in the area of the overlap and water penetrated into the overlap area, the bentonite scattering would swell and seal the area automatically. Due to the preferably provided fixation of the bentonite scattering in the edge area, ready-to-install sheets can be provided without having to carry out a manual pouring during installation. In addition, the sealing effect can even be achieved in those outer side areas of a rounded concrete body in which the tangential angle on the Ω-shaped profile is already more than 45 ° downwards, so that a manual pouring would trickle off.

Die Erfindung wird nachfolgend mit Bezug auf das in der Zeichnung dargestellte Beispiel eines Tunnelbauwerks mit Brillenprofil näher erläutert. Die Figuren zeigen im Einzelnen:

Fig. 1
ein Tunnelbauwerk mit Brillenprofil im Querschnitt; und
Fig. 2
einen Ausschnitt des Dichtungssystems im Bereich einer Dichtungsbahn-Überlappung im Schnitt;
Fig. 3
eine bevorzugte Ausführungsform des Dichtungssystems im Schnitt.
The invention is explained in more detail below with reference to the example of a tunnel structure with a spectacle profile shown in the drawing. The figures show in detail:
Fig. 1
a tunnel structure with glasses profile in cross section; and
Fig. 2
a section of the sealing system in the area of a geomembrane overlap in section;
Fig. 3
a preferred embodiment of the sealing system in section.

In Figur 1 ist ein fertiggestelltes Tunnelbauwerk 100 im Schnitt dargestellt. Es besteht aus dem Betonkörper 10 mit zwei Tunnelröhren 11, 12, die jeweils einen Ω-förmigen Querschnitt besitzen und mit ihren aneinander liegenden Seiten zu einer Mittelwand 13 vereint sind. Diese Profilform wird als Brillenprofil bezeichnet. Zum Zwecke der Fahrbahnentwässerung sind die Fundamentbereiche von einer Seite zur anderen leicht höhenversetzt zueinander angeordnet, wodurch sich ebenfalls ein Gefälle zwischen den oberen Scheitelpunkten 15, 16 des Betonkörpers 10 ergibt.In Figure 1 A completed tunnel structure 100 is shown in section. It consists of the concrete body 10 with two tunnel tubes 11, 12, each of which has an Ω-shaped cross section and which are joined together to form a central wall 13 with their sides lying against one another. This shape of the profile is called the glasses profile. For the purpose of roadway drainage, the foundation areas are arranged at a slightly offset height from one side to the other, which also results in a gradient between the upper vertices 15, 16 of the concrete body 10.

In dem Bereich zwischen den Scheitelpunkten ergibt sich eine Kehle 17. Von den jeweiligen Scheitelpunkten 15, 16 aus fällt das Profil des Betonkörpers 10 jeweils zur Außenseite 18 ab, bis es in einen senkrechten Abschnitt übergeht, der an den jeweiligen Fußpunkten 14 mündet. Im Bereich der Fußpunkte 14 sind Entwässerungen vorgesehen.In the area between the vertices there is a throat 17. From the respective vertices 15, 16, the profile of the concrete body 10 slopes down to the outside 18 until it merges into a vertical section which ends at the respective base points 14. Drainage is provided in the area of the base points 14.

Auf dem Betonkörper 10 liegt ein nach der Erfindung ausgebildetes, mehrlagiges Dichtungssystem 20 auf, das als gestrichelte Linie dargestellt ist. Dieses besteht aus wenigstens zwei Dichtungsschichten, die von den Fußpunkten 14 über die Seitenbereiche 13 zu den obenliegenden Scheitelpunkten 15, 16 laufen. Zwischen den Scheitelpunkten 15, 16 verläuft das Dichtungssystem 20 gestreckt. Hierzu ist der Bereich der Tiefstelle in der Kehle 17 zuvor mit einer stützenden Einschüttung versehen worden.On the concrete body 10 is a multi-layer sealing system 20 formed according to the invention, which is shown as a dashed line. This consists of at least two sealing layers that run from the base points 14 over the side regions 13 to the top vertices 15, 16 above. The sealing system 20 extends stretched between the vertices 15, 16. For this purpose, the area of the depression in the throat 17 was previously provided with a supporting fill.

Optional können Schutzplatten 40 aus Betonfertigteilen oder aus Ortbeton aufgelegt werden, um das Dichtungssystem 20 im Bereich zwischen den Scheitelpunkten 15, 16 gegen den Druck einer Einschüttung 31 zu schützen. Der so vorbereitete Betonkörper 10 wird mit Schüttmaterial vollständig überdeckt, auf das abschließend eine mineralische Bodenschicht 32 zur Begrünung aufgebracht wird.Optionally, protective plates 40 made of precast concrete or in-situ concrete can be placed in order to protect the sealing system 20 in the area between the vertices 15, 16 against the pressure of a fill 31. The concrete body 10 thus prepared is completely covered with bulk material, to which a mineral soil layer 32 is then applied for greening.

Fig. 2 zeigt ein erfindungsgemäßes Dichtungssystem 20 in einer Grundform im Schnitt, und zwar im Bereich einer Überlappung von zwei Dichtungsbahnen der sekundären Dichtungsschicht 22. Die untenliegende Dichtungsbahnbesitzt im Randbereich eine fixierte Bentoniteinstreuung 23. Die angrenzende Dichtungsbahn wird so verlegt, dass sie mit dem Bereich der Bentoniteinstreuung 23 überlappt. Darüber wird eine Kunststoffdichtungsbahn aufgelegt, die die primäre Dichtungsschicht 21 bildet. Fig. 2 shows a sealing system 20 according to the invention in a basic form in section, specifically in the area of an overlap of two sealing sheets of the secondary sealing layer 22. The underlying sealing sheet has fixed bentonite scattering 23 in the edge area overlaps. A plastic sealing membrane, which forms the primary sealing layer 21, is placed over this.

Fig. 3 zeigt ein erfindungsgemäßes Dichtungssystem 20 gemäß einer bevorzugten Ausführungsform im Schnitt. Von unten nach oben sind dort folgende Schichten vorgesehen:

  • Eine sekundäre Dichtungsschicht 22, bestehend aus einer Bentonitschicht, insbesondere aus Natriumbentonit, die zwischen geotextilen Bahnen eingebracht ist und somit eine technisch dichte Schicht ergibt. Insbesondere ist die Bentonitschicht zwischen einem hochzugfesten Gewebe als Trägermaterial und einem Vlies eingebettet, wobei das Vlies durch die Bentonitschicht hindurch mit der Trägerschicht vernadelt ist.
  • Eine primäre Dichtungsschicht 21 in Form einer Kunststoffdichtungsbahn 23, insbesondere aus Polyethylen-HD mit einer Wandstärke von 2 mm bis 3 mm.
  • Eine Drainageschicht 25, die aus einem druckstabilen Geonetz aus PE-HD und beidseitig thermisch auflaminierten Vliesen aus Polypropylen.
Fig. 3 shows an inventive sealing system 20 according to a preferred embodiment in section. The following layers are provided from bottom to top:
  • A secondary sealing layer 22, consisting of a bentonite layer, in particular sodium bentonite, which is introduced between geotextile sheets and thus results in a technically dense layer. In particular, the bentonite layer is embedded between a high-tensile fabric as the carrier material and a nonwoven, the nonwoven being needled to the carrier layer through the bentonite layer.
  • A primary sealing layer 21 in the form of a plastic sealing membrane 23, in particular made of polyethylene HD with a wall thickness of 2 mm to 3 mm.
  • A drainage layer 25, which consists of a pressure-stable geo-mesh made of PE-HD and thermally laminated nonwovens made of polypropylene.

Claims (12)

  1. Tunnel structure (100) constructed in an open design with at least one concrete body (10') whose outer side is covered with a non-water-penetrable sealing system (20), which at least comprises:
    - an underlying, secondary sealing layer (22) which is formed from sealing membranes which each consist of at least one textile layer which is filled with a swellable bentonite, and
    - a primary sealing layer (21) which is formed by a plastic sealing membrane which is laid on the secondary sealing layer (22),
    characterized
    - in that the secondary sealing layer (22) is formed from sealing membranes which are laid in an overlapping manner, and
    - in that the sealing layers (21, 22) are covered with a drainage layer (25) which is formed as a pressure-stable, water-permeable body.
  2. Tunnel structure (100) according to Claim 1, characterized in that the sealing membranes of the secondary sealing layer (22) have, at at least one lateral edge, a bentonite powder layer (23) which is scattered onto the outside and which is fixed by adhesive means.
  3. Tunnel structure (100) according to Claim 1 or 2, characterized in that a protective slab (40) consisting of prefabricated concrete parts or of in situ concrete is formed above the sealing layers (21, 22).
  4. Tunnel structure (100) according to one of Claims 1 to 3, characterized in that the sealing layers (21, 22) are covered with a non-woven protective layer.
  5. Tunnel structure according to one of Claims 1 to 4, characterized in that the concrete body takes the form of a rectangular box profile.
  6. Tunnel structure according to one of Claims 1 to 5, characterized in that the concrete body takes the form of a tunnel tube of Ω-shaped cross section.
  7. Tunnel structure (100) according to Claim 6, characterized in that the concrete body (10) has a spectacles profile with at least two tunnel tubes (11, 12) of rounded cross section which are situated next to one another, are laterally connected to one another and between whose apexes (15, 16) there is formed a depression, wherein
    - the two sealing layers (21, 22) extend rectilinearly or with a curvature, which is directed outwardly from the tunnel tubes (11, 12), between the apexes (15, 16) of the adjacent tunnel tubes (11, 12); and
    - the interspace between the portion of the sealing layers (21, 22) that connects the apexes (15, 16) and the concrete body (10) is filled or bridged.
  8. Tunnel structure (100) according to Claim 7, characterized in that a protective slab (40) consisting of prefabricated concrete parts or of in situ concrete is formed between the apexes (15, 16) and above the sealing layers (21, 22).
  9. Tunnel structure (100) according to one of Claims 1 to 8, characterized in that sealing membranes of the secondary sealing layer (22) are applied directly to the outside (18) of the concrete body (10) from an apex (15, 16) of a round cross section or from a superelevation on a rectangular cross section as far as a foot point (14).
  10. Non-water-penetrable sealing system (20) for a tunnel structure which is constructed in an open design and consists of a concrete body (10), at least comprising:
    - an underlying, secondary sealing layer (22) which is formed from sealing membranes which each consist of at least one textile layer which is filled with a swellable bentonite, and
    - a primary sealing layer (21) which is formed by a plastic sealing membrane which is laid on the secondary sealing layer (22),
    characterized in that
    - the secondary sealing layer (22) is formed from sealing membranes which are laid in an overlapping manner, and
    - in that the sealing layers (21, 22) are covered with a drainage layer (25) which is formed as a pressure-stable, water-permeable body.
  11. Sealing system (20) according to Claim 10, characterized in that the sealing membranes of the secondary sealing layer (22) have, at at least one lateral edge, a bentonite powder layer (23) which is scattered onto the outside and which is fixed by adhesive means.
  12. Sealing system (20) according to Claim 10 or 11, characterized in that a protective slab (40) consisting of prefabricated concrete parts or of in situ concrete is formed above the sealing layers (21, 22).
EP17157023.7A 2016-02-25 2017-02-20 Tunnel structure constructed in an open design with at least concrete body and sealing system which cannot be penetrated Active EP3211140B1 (en)

Applications Claiming Priority (2)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
DE102016103322 2016-02-25
DE102016111724.2A DE102016111724B4 (en) 2016-02-25 2016-06-27 Tunnel structure constructed using open-cut construction with at least one concrete body

Publications (2)

Publication Number Publication Date
EP3211140A1 EP3211140A1 (en) 2017-08-30
EP3211140B1 true EP3211140B1 (en) 2019-12-25

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Application Number Title Priority Date Filing Date
EP17157023.7A Active EP3211140B1 (en) 2016-02-25 2017-02-20 Tunnel structure constructed in an open design with at least concrete body and sealing system which cannot be penetrated

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Family Cites Families (4)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
DE4122992A1 (en) * 1991-07-11 1993-01-28 Naue Fasertechnik IMPROVED COMPOSITION IN THE OVERLAP AREA OF NEEDLED BENTONITE SEALING MATS
DE19625245A1 (en) 1995-06-12 1998-01-08 Niedlich Thorsten Multi-layer sealing for hollow spaces such as tunnels
US5836717A (en) * 1997-02-25 1998-11-17 Bebo Of America Multi-segment spandrel wall for overfilled arch structures
DE19930701A1 (en) * 1999-07-05 2001-01-11 Max Aicher Recycling Gmbh Tub construction for an underpass of a traffic route

Non-Patent Citations (1)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Title
None *

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