EP0103763A2 - Isolateur et installation de l'isolateur à une clôture capacitive - Google Patents

Isolateur et installation de l'isolateur à une clôture capacitive Download PDF

Info

Publication number
EP0103763A2
EP0103763A2 EP83108212A EP83108212A EP0103763A2 EP 0103763 A2 EP0103763 A2 EP 0103763A2 EP 83108212 A EP83108212 A EP 83108212A EP 83108212 A EP83108212 A EP 83108212A EP 0103763 A2 EP0103763 A2 EP 0103763A2
Authority
EP
European Patent Office
Prior art keywords
insulator
bracket
electrode wire
wire
mast
Prior art date
Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
Granted
Application number
EP83108212A
Other languages
German (de)
English (en)
Other versions
EP0103763A3 (en
EP0103763B1 (fr
Inventor
Uwe Metzner
Josef Dipl.-Ing. Voringer
Herbert Ing.-Grad. Foissner
Herbert Ing.Grad. Krautwald
Lutz Minke
Current Assignee (The listed assignees may be inaccurate. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation or warranty as to the accuracy of the list.)
Siemens AG
Original Assignee
Siemens AG
Priority date (The priority date is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the date listed.)
Filing date
Publication date
Priority claimed from DE19823231271 external-priority patent/DE3231271A1/de
Priority claimed from DE19823239163 external-priority patent/DE3239163A1/de
Application filed by Siemens AG filed Critical Siemens AG
Priority to AT83108212T priority Critical patent/ATE65862T1/de
Publication of EP0103763A2 publication Critical patent/EP0103763A2/fr
Publication of EP0103763A3 publication Critical patent/EP0103763A3/de
Application granted granted Critical
Publication of EP0103763B1 publication Critical patent/EP0103763B1/fr
Anticipated expiration legal-status Critical
Expired - Lifetime legal-status Critical Current

Links

Images

Classifications

    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01B—CABLES; CONDUCTORS; INSULATORS; SELECTION OF MATERIALS FOR THEIR CONDUCTIVE, INSULATING OR DIELECTRIC PROPERTIES
    • H01B17/00—Insulators or insulating bodies characterised by their form
    • H01B17/42—Means for obtaining improved distribution of voltage; Protection against arc discharges
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01B—CABLES; CONDUCTORS; INSULATORS; SELECTION OF MATERIALS FOR THEIR CONDUCTIVE, INSULATING OR DIELECTRIC PROPERTIES
    • H01B17/00—Insulators or insulating bodies characterised by their form
    • H01B17/14—Supporting insulators
    • H01B17/145—Insulators, poles, handles, or the like in electric fences

Definitions

  • the invention relates to an insulator with the features mentioned in the preamble of claim 1, and an arrangement of the insulator on a capacitive protective fence.
  • capacitive protective fences are used, which work in the low frequency range (e.g. at 10 kHz) in an open-air climate.
  • the detection is based on a transmission and reception method with which changes in the capacitance of a tension wire arrangement (electrode wires) are evaluated.
  • a tension wire arrangement electrode wires
  • a capacitive protective fence is formed by four tension wires.
  • the tension wires form capacities with each other and with the earth, whereby for example the partial capacities are measured and evaluated.
  • two wires can serve as transmit wires, the other two serve as receive wires.
  • An intruder - due to its dielectric constant deviating from the air - changes the partial capacities and thus the reactive current through this arrangement when approaching the protective fence. This change is evaluated according to size, speed and duration and an alarm is derived from it.
  • Capacitive fences that are exposed to extreme environmental conditions, such as desert sand and near the sea, pose particular problems.
  • Salt, sand, wind, salt water, Spray and moisture or rain act on the capacitive protective fence and influence its susceptibility to faults.
  • Such disturbing influences have a particular effect, the insulator surfaces of such a capacitive protection system.
  • Known insulators used have, for example, a bell-shaped, rotationally symmetrical insulating body made of ceramic or plastic. In the upper area, such an insulator has an annular constriction for fastening the wire.
  • a retaining bracket On the underside of the insulator, a retaining bracket is attached centrally in the axial direction, which can be bent, for example, in a U-shape and is attached to the fence pole of the capacitive protection system. If extreme environmental conditions now prevail, salt and sand deposits on the insulator surfaces in damp and wet conditions lead to changes in the capacity of the protective fence and thus to faults and false alarms. Since, in addition, a bare wire is often used for the electrode wire instead of an insulated wire, because the plastic insulation of the wires is not sufficiently resistant to gases, acids and UV radiation, an overgrowth of the insulator surface with the deposits described above, the small interfering surfaces, form, a change in capacity on the protective fence. Especially when the humidity or the wetness of sea spray or rain is added, the interfering surfaces on the insulator surface cause sudden changes in capacitance.
  • insulators also have large surfaces that no longer contribute significantly to the insulation effect, because the insulation effect lies in the creepage distance (Labyrinth) at the bottom of the isolator.
  • conductive interference surfaces such as salt, dirt and moisture form on the insulator surface due to such extreme environmental conditions. This leads to various interference effects.
  • the bare wire is contacted with a conductive interfering surface via the air humidity
  • two or more conductive interfering surfaces grow together or separate due to moisture or drying, which leads to changes in capacity, namely capacity increase or capacity reduction.
  • the interference surfaces become generally conductive when the air humidity increases.
  • the first-mentioned disruptive effect is much stronger and more disruptive than the other two disruptive effects.
  • the object of the invention is therefore to design an insulator in such a way that conductive interfering surfaces which form on the insulator surface do not adversely affect the capacitance conditions due to salt, dirt and moisture, and to arrange such insulators on a capacitive protective fence in such a way that the formation of such interfering surfaces does not interfere Influences the capacitive protection system.
  • the insulator according to the invention has an electrically conductive layer on the outside of its jacket.
  • the conductive layer is formed by a metal cup fitted over the insulator with a snug fit, which has a fastening web on one side.
  • the bracket has at its free end a fastening device for the electrode wire.
  • the metal cup can advantageously be drawn from stainless steel sheet or punched and folded, and then slipped over the insulator or the insulator can be fitted into the metal cup. It is particularly advantageous to form the fastening web for attaching the insulator to the mast of the capacitive protective fence when producing the metal cup.
  • the retaining bracket which is attached in the center to the underside of the insulator, is also made of rustproof, corrosion-resistant stainless steel and is provided with a fastening device for the electrode wire at one free end.
  • the fastening device can be designed differently in order only to guide the electrode wire, to anchor it firmly or to tension it.
  • the metal cup is expediently adapted to the shape of the insulator, a preferred embodiment being formed by a cuboid which is open towards the bottom. This can be produced particularly well by punching and bending or folding from sheet steel.
  • the fastening web can be punched out and bent into two U-shaped legs in the same step.
  • there is a breakthrough in the metal cup of the insulator In addition to the U-shaped legs, there is a breakthrough in the metal cup of the insulator. A hose tie can be pulled through these breakthroughs, and the insulator according to the invention can thus be fastened in an electrically conductive manner to the grounded fence pole without additional grounding elements being necessary.
  • the U-shaped retaining bracket of the insulator has at least one approximately circular spring turn.
  • a fastening device for the electrode wire at the free end of the holding bracket can expediently be produced in a very simple manner in that a bore is made diametrically through which the electrode wire is drawn and wound with several turns around the free end of the holding bracket.
  • a further developed embodiment of the fastening device is provided by a wire tensioning device placed directly on the free end of the holding bracket.
  • This wire tensioning device eliminates the need for a hot-dip galvanized turnbuckle, which is disadvantageous due to the lack of corrosion resistance.
  • another weight-bearing ektrodendrahtes thus eliminates the E l.
  • the wire tensioning device expediently has a wire winding drum and a crank with which the wire can be tensioned. The crank can then be removed. The drum is easily locked with a split pin that is inserted through the drum and through the hole in the bracket.
  • a mast 6 of a capacitive protective fence is shown, which is electrically conductive and grounded.
  • the insulator 1 is fastened to the masts 6 by means of a holding bracket 4.
  • the Electrode wire 5 In the upper area of the insulator 1 is the Electrode wire 5 connected.
  • the arrangement of several tension wires (electrode wires) one above the other forms the capacitive protective fence, whereby - as shown here - one electrode as the receiving electrode, the lower wire, the other electrode, the wire arranged above it, are connected as the transmitting electrode.
  • the partial capacitance between the transmitting and receiving electrodes, the actual useful capacitance C N is measured. The approach of an intruder changes this capacity.
  • the 2 shows an insulator 1 known per se, one half of which is shown in section.
  • the isolator 1 has e.g. approximately a bell shape and has a constriction 11 in the upper area for the attachment of the electrode wire 5.
  • the retaining bracket 4 is fitted centrally in the axial direction.
  • the main insulation effect is formed by the recess 10 on the underside in the insulator 1, which is arranged centrally around the holding bracket 4 and which represents a long leakage current path 12. This is little affected by the environmental conditions.
  • insulator is partially shown in section when viewed from above.
  • the electrode wire 5, which is fastened in the constriction 11 of the insulator 1 is a bare wire.
  • conductive interference surfaces 13 are formed on the surface 2 of the insulator 1 by salt, dirt and moisture the interference surface 13a, which has arisen close to the electrode wire 5, for making contact with the bare wire 5, which causes a disturbing change in capacitance.
  • two interfering surfaces 13b and 13c can grow together or separate again, so that this also causes jumps in capacity.
  • the interfering surfaces 13 can become conductive with increasing air humidity or with the onset of rain and thereby change the capacity conditions in a disruptive manner.
  • the isolator according to the invention is shown in FIG. It shows on the surface, i.e. the outside of the jacket 2, the insulator 1, an electrically conductive layer 3, e.g. an applied metal layer.
  • Conductive interference surfaces (13) on a conductive surface 3 do not cause this surface to change, and an inhomogeneous surface can no longer form.
  • this conductive surface is grounded, interfering surfaces (13) that become conductive can form without this having a disruptive effect on the capacitive behavior of the protective fence itself, because the electrode wire 5 is fastened to the holding bracket 4 of the insulator 1.
  • the insulation of the electrode wire 5 from earth is given by the insulation path or leakage current path 12 on the underside of the insulator 1.
  • This insulation section 12 is arranged in the region of the insulator 1 which is protected from the weather by the insulator and is therefore hardly touched by disturbing salt and dirt.
  • the insulation of the bare wire (5) and the conductive insulator surface 3 from earth is also given here by the insulation path or leakage current path 12 on the underside of the insulator 1; as already mentioned, it lies in the protected area of the isolator.
  • FIG. 5 shows an arrangement of the insulator according to the invention on the capacitive protective fence similar to that shown in FIG. 1, with the difference that the insulator 1 is fastened to the fence pole 6 with a holding device 8.
  • the metallized insulator surface 3 is electrically conductively connected to the grounded mast 6.
  • the electrode wire 5 is connected to the bracket 4 of the insulator 1 with a fastening device 7, not shown here, on the insulator.
  • the insulator 1 shown in Figure 7 with a U-shaped bracket 4 is shown in section.
  • the insulator 1 can be made of ceramic or plastic. It expediently has the shape of a cuboid.
  • the U-shaped bracket 4 is fitted from the bottom into the body of the insulator.
  • the holding bracket 4 can additionally be anchored in the insulator body 1 with a cross pin 4a.
  • the cross pin 4a is inserted through a hole in the bracket 4 and thus secures the insulator against twisting.
  • the metal cup 14 according to the invention has the shape of a cuboid open at the bottom, into which the body of the insulator 1 is fitted.
  • a window-like recess 14b is provided, into which a latch 1b which is formed on the insulator 1 engages.
  • the insulator On its underside, the insulator has a plurality of recesses 15 which are provided concentrically around the holding bracket 4. The ribs 15a formed in this way form a very long leakage current path 12 between the holding bracket 4 and the metal jacket 14 of the insulator 1.
  • the free end 18 of the U-shaped holding bracket 4 here has a bore 19 through which the electrode wire 5 can be inserted.
  • the electrode wire is wound in several turns 5a around the free end 18 of the retaining bracket 4, inserted through the bore 19 and, for example, to a junction box, not shown here, which is arranged on the mast above the insulator.
  • the electrode wire 5 can then be tensioned and carried on to the next insulator and there to the junction box.
  • the fastening web 8 ' is formed, which consists of two U-shaped legs, as can be clearly seen in a later figure.
  • FIG. 8 shows a cut away form of the isolator according to the invention.
  • a retaining pin 4 ' is pressed into the insulator body 1 and is led out vertically downwards.
  • the retaining pin 4' has only a short length and has a slot 26 at its free end 18 '. This slot introduced radially into the holding pin 4 'extends at least to the middle, i.e. the axis of the holding pin 4 '. In this slot 26, the electrode wire 5 is inserted and freely movable.
  • this fastening device 7 ' is secured with a clamping sleeve 27 which can be displaced along the holding pin 4' and can thus be pushed over the slot 26 when the electrode wire 5 is inserted.
  • the wire 5 is still freely movable in its longitudinal direction in order to be able to take part in the changes in length that are present due to temperature fluctuations.
  • the body of the insulator 1 also has concentrically arranged annular recesses 15 on its underside 1a.
  • the fastening web 8 ′ can be seen on one side of the metal cup 14.
  • the body of the insulator 1 has a recess 1c in the immediate vicinity of the fastening web 8.
  • the hose tie 16 as can be seen in FIGS. 9 to 12, can be inserted for fastening the insulator 1 to the mast 6.
  • a screw 14a can be simply rotated through the metal jacket 14 into a hole in the insulator 1.
  • insulator 1 is shown according to the Fig.8 arranged on the fence pole 6.
  • the insulator 1 is fastened to the mast 6 with a hose tie 16 as described above.
  • FIG. 10 in which the insulator 1 on the mast 6 is shown in a top view.
  • the insulator 1 is due to the mast 6 at a certain distance the U-shaped leg of the fastening web 8 'held.
  • the hose tie 16, which is guided through the openings 9 in the metal jacket 14 and through the recess 1c in the body of the insulator 1, is looped around the mast 6 and is fastened in a known manner with a worm drive.
  • FIG. 11 shows the isolator 1 according to the invention as shown in FIG. 7 with the U-shaped bracket 4 and with the circular spring turn 17 of the bracket 4.
  • the free end 18 of the retaining bracket corresponds to the illustration according to FIG. 7 for the attachment of the electrode wire 5.
  • the insulator 1 is attached to the mast 6 with the hose tie 16.
  • the metal cup 14 has a greater height than the body of the insulator 1, so that the insulator underside 1c is better protected against the weather by the outstanding metal jacket (14).
  • the metal cup (14) is roof-shaped 14c on two opposite sides, so that in the case of an insulator according to FIG. 9 the water cannot drip directly onto the electrode wire (5) when it rains. This arrangement is shown in plan view in FIG. 12.
  • the wire tensioning device (20) is shown as a detailed view in section.
  • the free end 18 of the U-shaped bracket (4) has a bore 19.
  • the wire tensioning device 20 is placed on the free end.
  • it consists of a drum 21 with which the electrode wire 5 is wound and tensioned.
  • the removable assembly crank 22 is used to tension the wire 5.
  • the split pin 23 is used to lock the drum 21 onto the free end 18 of the retaining bracket (4).

Landscapes

  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Power Engineering (AREA)
  • Insulators (AREA)
EP83108212A 1982-08-23 1983-08-19 Isolateur et installation de l'isolateur à une clôture capacitive Expired - Lifetime EP0103763B1 (fr)

Priority Applications (1)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
AT83108212T ATE65862T1 (de) 1982-08-23 1983-08-19 Isolator und anordnung des isolators an einem kapazitiven schutzzaun.

Applications Claiming Priority (4)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
DE3231271 1982-08-23
DE19823231271 DE3231271A1 (de) 1982-08-23 1982-08-23 Isolator und anordnung des isolators an einem kapazitiven schutzzaun
DE3239163 1982-10-22
DE19823239163 DE3239163A1 (de) 1982-10-22 1982-10-22 Isolator und anordnung des isolators an einem kapazitiven schutzzaun

Publications (3)

Publication Number Publication Date
EP0103763A2 true EP0103763A2 (fr) 1984-03-28
EP0103763A3 EP0103763A3 (en) 1987-05-06
EP0103763B1 EP0103763B1 (fr) 1991-07-31

Family

ID=25803947

Family Applications (1)

Application Number Title Priority Date Filing Date
EP83108212A Expired - Lifetime EP0103763B1 (fr) 1982-08-23 1983-08-19 Isolateur et installation de l'isolateur à une clôture capacitive

Country Status (2)

Country Link
EP (1) EP0103763B1 (fr)
DE (1) DE3382361D1 (fr)

Citations (8)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
GB256458A (en) * 1925-12-21 1926-08-12 Western Electric Co Improvements in or relating to the reduction of losses in transmission systems
FR752662A (fr) * 1932-06-24 1933-09-28 Isolateur rigide perfectionné
GB658667A (en) * 1949-01-31 1951-10-10 Douglas Nield Improvements connected with electric insulators
FR1014790A (fr) * 1950-03-17 1952-08-21 Perfectionnements apportés aux isolateurs pour des lignes électriques notamment celles à haute tension
GB688391A (en) * 1950-04-25 1953-03-04 Wolseley Sheep Shearing Mach Improvements connected with electrified wire fencing
DE888188C (de) * 1951-01-24 1953-08-31 Walter Germer Weidezaunstuetze mit verstellbarer Keilbefestigung der Isolatoren
FR1559618A (fr) * 1967-08-04 1969-03-14
GB1209690A (en) * 1968-08-19 1970-10-21 Central Electr Generat Board Improvements in or relating to electrical insulators

Patent Citations (8)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
GB256458A (en) * 1925-12-21 1926-08-12 Western Electric Co Improvements in or relating to the reduction of losses in transmission systems
FR752662A (fr) * 1932-06-24 1933-09-28 Isolateur rigide perfectionné
GB658667A (en) * 1949-01-31 1951-10-10 Douglas Nield Improvements connected with electric insulators
FR1014790A (fr) * 1950-03-17 1952-08-21 Perfectionnements apportés aux isolateurs pour des lignes électriques notamment celles à haute tension
GB688391A (en) * 1950-04-25 1953-03-04 Wolseley Sheep Shearing Mach Improvements connected with electrified wire fencing
DE888188C (de) * 1951-01-24 1953-08-31 Walter Germer Weidezaunstuetze mit verstellbarer Keilbefestigung der Isolatoren
FR1559618A (fr) * 1967-08-04 1969-03-14
GB1209690A (en) * 1968-08-19 1970-10-21 Central Electr Generat Board Improvements in or relating to electrical insulators

Also Published As

Publication number Publication date
EP0103763A3 (en) 1987-05-06
EP0103763B1 (fr) 1991-07-31
DE3382361D1 (de) 1991-09-05

Similar Documents

Publication Publication Date Title
EP0103763B1 (fr) Isolateur et installation de l'isolateur à une clôture capacitive
EP3283702A1 (fr) Dispositif d'amplification ou d'inversion d'un champ géo-gravitomagnetique
DE3239163A1 (de) Isolator und anordnung des isolators an einem kapazitiven schutzzaun
DE69331913T2 (de) Elektroakustischer Wandler
DE1514761C3 (de) Elektrische Kontaktanordnung
EP0121783B1 (fr) Isolateur de jonction pour clôtures capacitives de protection
DE3231271A1 (de) Isolator und anordnung des isolators an einem kapazitiven schutzzaun
DE3418426A1 (de) Vorrichtung zur beeinflussung terrestrischer strahlen
EP0124758B1 (fr) Antenne avec émetteur linéaire écourté électriquement
EP0054115B1 (fr) Support de fil, particulièrement pour clôtures capacitives de protection
DE29702600U1 (de) Vorrichtung zum Senden und Übertragen polarisierter, elektromagnetischer Wellen
DE3200420A1 (de) Klemmenleiste
DE3112130C2 (de) Gerät zur Entfeuchtung von Mauerwerk
EP0087108B1 (fr) Disposition d'électrodes pour clôtures capacitives de protection
DE1055833B (de) Messkondensator fuer Fluessigkeitsinhaltsanzeiger
AT216053B (de) Kabelanschlußdose für Dipolantennen
DE8333086U1 (de) Isolator für einen kapazitiven Schutzzaun
DE403386C (de) Schutzvorrichtung fuer Hochspannungsleitungen
DE8512756U1 (de) Gerät zur Entfeuchtung von Mauerwerk
DE913432C (de) Blitzschutz an Isolatoren
DE2710019A1 (de) Elektrischer schirmisolator
AT16342B (de) Isolator für blanke elektrische Freileitungen.
DE8415264U1 (de) Vorrichtung zur beeinflussung terrestrischer strahlen
DE8307309U1 (de) Anschluß-Isolator für kapazitive Schutzzäune
DE10024335A1 (de) Ohmscher Spannungsfühler

Legal Events

Date Code Title Description
PUAI Public reference made under article 153(3) epc to a published international application that has entered the european phase

Free format text: ORIGINAL CODE: 0009012

AK Designated contracting states

Designated state(s): AT CH DE IT LI NL SE

17P Request for examination filed

Effective date: 19841213

PUAL Search report despatched

Free format text: ORIGINAL CODE: 0009013

AK Designated contracting states

Kind code of ref document: A3

Designated state(s): AT CH DE IT LI NL SE

17Q First examination report despatched

Effective date: 19890821

GRAA (expected) grant

Free format text: ORIGINAL CODE: 0009210

AK Designated contracting states

Kind code of ref document: B1

Designated state(s): AT CH DE IT LI NL SE

REF Corresponds to:

Ref document number: 65862

Country of ref document: AT

Date of ref document: 19910815

Kind code of ref document: T

REF Corresponds to:

Ref document number: 3382361

Country of ref document: DE

Date of ref document: 19910905

ITF It: translation for a ep patent filed
PLBE No opposition filed within time limit

Free format text: ORIGINAL CODE: 0009261

STAA Information on the status of an ep patent application or granted ep patent

Free format text: STATUS: NO OPPOSITION FILED WITHIN TIME LIMIT

26N No opposition filed
PGFP Annual fee paid to national office [announced via postgrant information from national office to epo]

Ref country code: AT

Payment date: 19940729

Year of fee payment: 12

PGFP Annual fee paid to national office [announced via postgrant information from national office to epo]

Ref country code: SE

Payment date: 19940829

Year of fee payment: 12

PGFP Annual fee paid to national office [announced via postgrant information from national office to epo]

Ref country code: NL

Payment date: 19940831

Year of fee payment: 12

PGFP Annual fee paid to national office [announced via postgrant information from national office to epo]

Ref country code: DE

Payment date: 19941018

Year of fee payment: 12

PGFP Annual fee paid to national office [announced via postgrant information from national office to epo]

Ref country code: CH

Payment date: 19941207

Year of fee payment: 12

EAL Se: european patent in force in sweden

Ref document number: 83108212.8

PG25 Lapsed in a contracting state [announced via postgrant information from national office to epo]

Ref country code: AT

Effective date: 19950819

PG25 Lapsed in a contracting state [announced via postgrant information from national office to epo]

Ref country code: SE

Effective date: 19950820

PG25 Lapsed in a contracting state [announced via postgrant information from national office to epo]

Ref country code: LI

Effective date: 19950831

Ref country code: CH

Effective date: 19950831

PG25 Lapsed in a contracting state [announced via postgrant information from national office to epo]

Ref country code: NL

Effective date: 19960301

REG Reference to a national code

Ref country code: CH

Ref legal event code: PL

NLV4 Nl: lapsed or anulled due to non-payment of the annual fee

Effective date: 19960301

PG25 Lapsed in a contracting state [announced via postgrant information from national office to epo]

Ref country code: DE

Effective date: 19960501

EUG Se: european patent has lapsed

Ref document number: 83108212.8