EP0102099B1 - Vertikal angeordnete Plattenelektrode für gasbildende Elektrolyseure - Google Patents

Vertikal angeordnete Plattenelektrode für gasbildende Elektrolyseure Download PDF

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Publication number
EP0102099B1
EP0102099B1 EP83201053A EP83201053A EP0102099B1 EP 0102099 B1 EP0102099 B1 EP 0102099B1 EP 83201053 A EP83201053 A EP 83201053A EP 83201053 A EP83201053 A EP 83201053A EP 0102099 B1 EP0102099 B1 EP 0102099B1
Authority
EP
European Patent Office
Prior art keywords
electrode
counterelectrode
gas
membrane
plate
Prior art date
Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
Expired
Application number
EP83201053A
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German (de)
English (en)
French (fr)
Other versions
EP0102099A1 (de
Inventor
Karl Lohrberg
Current Assignee (The listed assignees may be inaccurate. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation or warranty as to the accuracy of the list.)
GEA Group AG
Original Assignee
Metallgesellschaft AG
Priority date (The priority date is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the date listed.)
Filing date
Publication date
Application filed by Metallgesellschaft AG filed Critical Metallgesellschaft AG
Priority to AT83201053T priority Critical patent/ATE30343T1/de
Publication of EP0102099A1 publication Critical patent/EP0102099A1/de
Application granted granted Critical
Publication of EP0102099B1 publication Critical patent/EP0102099B1/de
Expired legal-status Critical Current

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    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C25—ELECTROLYTIC OR ELECTROPHORETIC PROCESSES; APPARATUS THEREFOR
    • C25B—ELECTROLYTIC OR ELECTROPHORETIC PROCESSES FOR THE PRODUCTION OF COMPOUNDS OR NON-METALS; APPARATUS THEREFOR
    • C25B11/00—Electrodes; Manufacture thereof not otherwise provided for
    • C25B11/02—Electrodes; Manufacture thereof not otherwise provided for characterised by shape or form
    • C25B11/03—Electrodes; Manufacture thereof not otherwise provided for characterised by shape or form perforated or foraminous

Definitions

  • the invention relates to an electrode arrangement for gas-forming electrolyzers, in particular membrane electrolyzers, with a vertically arranged plate electrode, a counter electrode and a membrane between the plate electrode and counter electrode.
  • electrodes with openings for the removal of the reaction gases are generally used, for example perforated electrodes, wire mesh, or expanded metal.
  • the disadvantages include reduced active surface, lack of stability and loss of high quality coating material on the back of the electrode.
  • an electrode plate consisting of individual plates has already been provided for electrodes to be arranged vertically in gas-forming diaphragm cells, the individual plates having guide surfaces for the discharge of the generated gas. Due to the intended inclination of the guide plate, there are inevitably different distances between the active surface and the counter electrode.
  • the electrodes are arranged in parallel with the smallest possible distance.
  • the previously known electrodes are formed from one or more plates. The plates have horizontal openings, which are caused by bending the plate strips and offer the least resistance to the gas outlet. The bends face away from the counter electrode, there is no noticeable reduction in the active surface.
  • a similar type of arrangement of electrodes is also known from DE-PS 453 750. In the previously known electrodes, cuts are made, by means of which sections of any shape are bent out, in such a way that they are directed towards the side facing away from the electrode.
  • electrodes or cathodes of this type have been known for more than 30 years, they have still not found their way into technical practice. Rather, perforated sheets, expanded metal or similar materials are still used.
  • the invention is based on the object of providing an electrode or an electrode arrangement which is reliable and with the smallest distance ratio. ensures rapid gas removal from the electrolyte.
  • the invention solves this problem with an electrode arrangement for gas-forming electrolyzers, in particular membrane electrolyzers, with a vertically arranged plate electrode, a counter electrode and a membrane between the plate electrode and counter electrode, the plate electrode being divided into horizontal plate strips, the entire active electrode surface of which is parallel and at the shortest distance is arranged to the counter electrode and their respective upper edges are designed as a gas discharge element and face away from the counter electrode.
  • the invention consists in the fact that, with a gap width of 20 mm between the horizontal plate strips, the ratio of the distance G (between counter electrode / membrane and degassing apex S of the lower edge of the electrode plate) to distance E (between counter electrode / membrane and tear-off edge) K of the angled gas discharge element) is 0.60 to 0.45 or corresponds to a value F (% degassing capacity) of 40 to 55%.
  • the angled part of the individual plates of the electrode according to the invention is generally designed as a flat surface, but can also be curved.
  • the angle from the electrode plane is generally between 15 and 70 °.
  • the individual electrode plate has a height of 5 to 50 cm and a thickness of about 1 to 3 mm in the vertical part. The thickness of the individual electrode plate depends on the width of the electrode, since no additional current distribution bolts are provided, which, for. B. with cells of normal dimensions and when using expanded metal as an active surface are necessary.
  • the electrode plates are firmly installed in a manner known per se in a frame which has connection elements for the supply of the electric current.
  • the electrode according to the invention can be used as an anode or cathode in membrane electrolysis processes.
  • titanium, tantalum, tungsten or zirconium is selected as the electrode material.
  • the electrode is only provided with an activating coating on its surface facing the counterelectrode, in a known manner from e.g. B. metal oxides and metals from the group platinum, iridium, osmium, palladium, rhodium, ruthenium.
  • the electrode according to the invention is used as a cathode in membrane electrolysis processes, the electrode can be made of e.g. B. steel or nickel or their alloys.
  • the electrode plate according to the invention is used in electrolysers with membranes.
  • membrane cells are only to be understood as those cells which have ion-selective membranes, such as perfluorinated cation exchange membranes.
  • ion-selective membranes such as perfluorinated cation exchange membranes.
  • Such membranes allow the separation of cathodic and anodic products of an electrolysis from one another or from the reactants supplied to the counterelectrode.
  • FIGS. 1 and 2 of the drawing The electrode arrangement according to the invention is illustrated and illustrated by way of example in FIGS. 1 and 2 of the drawing.
  • FIG. 1 a side view of an electrode divided into individual plate strips with angled gas discharge elements is shown horizontally (electrode frame and current supply elements are not shown).
  • M denotes the membrane
  • S the degassing vertex on the lower edge of the plate strip
  • K the tear-off edge on the angled upper part of the plate strip arranged underneath.
  • G is the distance M-S and E is the distance M-K.
  • the degassing vertex lies in the plane of the active surface. If the electrode surfaces are not beveled, the degassing vertex is assumed to lie on the center line of the electrode.
  • the term degassing ability is also based on the finding that the gas rising from the electrode gap expands to the tear-off edge K, then rises vertically upwards and at the degassing log! divides into a part which re-enters the electrode gap and a predominant other which, according to the invention, steps behind the electrodes.
  • a sodium chloride solution with a concentration of 320 g / l was electrolyzed in a technical chlor-alkali electrolysis plant with an ion-selective membrane to produce sodium hydroxide solution, chlorine and hydrogen.
  • the current density was 3.1 kA / m 2 and the temperature of the electrolyte was 80 ° C.
  • Electrodes according to the invention with heights of the individual plate strips of 14 cm and active areas of approximately 90% of the projected areas were used as cathodes.
  • Steel ST 37 was used as the material without activation.
  • a comparison was made with conventional expanded metal cathodes of the same material and the same projected active area.
  • Dimensionally stable anodes were used as counter electrodes and a perfluorinated ion exchange membrane (Nafion, registered trademark of EI Du Pont de Nemours & Co., Inc.) was used as the selective membrane.
  • the plate thickness was 6.5 mm with a strip width of the individual plate of 100 cm.
  • the guide element was bent at an angle of 30 °.
  • the gap width between the individual plate strips of the cathode was 20 mm and the distance between the cathode and membrane surface was 3 mm.
  • the total electrode area was 1 x 1 m 2 .
  • the expansion capacity F (%) results from the ratio of G to E
  • the measured points lie on the curve of the graph in Fig. 3, wherein the voltage drop is plotted against the degassing capability.
  • the advantages of the electrode plate of the invention can be seen in the fact that the electrode plate is arranged at the smallest possible distance with a completely active surface parallel to the counter electrode can be avoided and selective overheating of the temperature-sensitive membranes can be avoided, the gas formed between the anode and cathode is rapidly discharged from the area of the active surface behind the electrode surface. Furthermore, the electrodes can be produced in a simple manner from flat sheet metal without great technical outlay, and the one-sided application of an active surface layer is also possible without difficulty.

Landscapes

  • Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Chemical Kinetics & Catalysis (AREA)
  • Electrochemistry (AREA)
  • Materials Engineering (AREA)
  • Metallurgy (AREA)
  • Organic Chemistry (AREA)
  • Electrodes For Compound Or Non-Metal Manufacture (AREA)
  • Electrolytic Production Of Non-Metals, Compounds, Apparatuses Therefor (AREA)
  • Catalysts (AREA)
  • Inert Electrodes (AREA)
  • Treating Waste Gases (AREA)
EP83201053A 1982-08-03 1983-07-16 Vertikal angeordnete Plattenelektrode für gasbildende Elektrolyseure Expired EP0102099B1 (de)

Priority Applications (1)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
AT83201053T ATE30343T1 (de) 1982-08-03 1983-07-16 Vertikal angeordnete plattenelektrode fuer gasbildende elektrolyseure.

Applications Claiming Priority (2)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
DE19823228884 DE3228884A1 (de) 1982-08-03 1982-08-03 Vertikal angeordnete plattenelektrode fuer gasbildende elektrolyseure
DE3228884 1982-08-03

Publications (2)

Publication Number Publication Date
EP0102099A1 EP0102099A1 (de) 1984-03-07
EP0102099B1 true EP0102099B1 (de) 1987-10-21

Family

ID=6169972

Family Applications (1)

Application Number Title Priority Date Filing Date
EP83201053A Expired EP0102099B1 (de) 1982-08-03 1983-07-16 Vertikal angeordnete Plattenelektrode für gasbildende Elektrolyseure

Country Status (11)

Country Link
US (1) US4474612A (nl)
EP (1) EP0102099B1 (nl)
JP (1) JPH062959B2 (nl)
AT (1) ATE30343T1 (nl)
BR (1) BR8304151A (nl)
CA (1) CA1228571A (nl)
DE (2) DE3228884A1 (nl)
ES (1) ES284413Y (nl)
IN (1) IN157978B (nl)
MX (1) MX153006A (nl)
ZA (1) ZA835568B (nl)

Cited By (1)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
DE4306889C1 (de) * 1993-03-05 1994-08-18 Heraeus Elektrochemie Elektrodenanordnung für gasbildende elektrolytische Prozesse in Membran-Zellen und deren Verwendung

Families Citing this family (11)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
DE3640584A1 (de) * 1986-11-27 1988-06-09 Metallgesellschaft Ag Elektrodenanordnung fuer gasbildende elektrolyseure mit vertikal angeordneten plattenelektroden
DE3808495A1 (de) * 1988-03-15 1989-09-28 Metallgesellschaft Ag Membranelektrolysevorrichtung
DE4224492C1 (de) * 1992-07-24 1993-12-09 Uhde Gmbh Vorrichtung zum elektrolytischen Behandeln von Flüssigkeiten mit einer Anoden- und einer Kathodenkammer sowie deren Verwendung
DE4438124A1 (de) * 1994-10-27 1996-05-02 Eilenburger Elektrolyse & Umwelttechnik Gmbh Gas-Lift-Elektrolyse- und Reaktionssysteme zur Herstellung von Produkten und zur Anwendung in der Umwelttechnik
IT1279069B1 (it) 1995-11-22 1997-12-04 Permelec Spa Nora Migliorato tipo di elettrodo per elettrolizzatori a membrana a scambio ionico
DE19816334A1 (de) * 1998-04-11 1999-10-14 Krupp Uhde Gmbh Elektrolyseapparat zur Herstellung von Halogengasen
CA2349508C (en) * 2001-06-04 2004-06-29 Global Tech Environmental Products Inc. Electrolysis cell and internal combustion engine kit comprising the same
CA2597068A1 (en) * 2007-06-19 2008-12-19 Peter Romaniuk Hydrogen/oxygen gas produced by electrolysis as a partial hybrid fuel source for conventional internal combustion engines
US9222178B2 (en) 2013-01-22 2015-12-29 GTA, Inc. Electrolyzer
US8808512B2 (en) 2013-01-22 2014-08-19 GTA, Inc. Electrolyzer apparatus and method of making it
CN107473336A (zh) * 2017-09-20 2017-12-15 合肥齐兴电器有限责任公司 一种便携式电解水器

Family Cites Families (8)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
DE453750C (de) * 1927-12-14 I G Farbenindustrie Akt Ges Elektrolysierzelle
US1771091A (en) * 1924-09-01 1930-07-22 Firm Lawaczeck Gmbh Electrolytic cell
FR811238A (fr) * 1936-09-24 1937-04-09 Perfectionnements apportés aux électrolyseurs
CH288156A (de) * 1949-11-03 1953-01-15 Montedison Spa Elektrodensystem für Bipolarelektrolyseure.
GB1324427A (en) * 1969-12-06 1973-07-25 Nippon Soda Co Electrode assembly for electrolysis cells
GB1595183A (en) * 1977-03-04 1981-08-12 Ici Ltd Diaphragm cell
US4142950A (en) * 1977-11-10 1979-03-06 Basf Wyandotte Corporation Apparatus and process for electrolysis using a cation-permselective membrane and turbulence inducing means
JPS57164990A (en) * 1981-04-03 1982-10-09 Toyo Soda Mfg Co Ltd Electrolyzing method for aqueous alkali chloride solution

Cited By (1)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
DE4306889C1 (de) * 1993-03-05 1994-08-18 Heraeus Elektrochemie Elektrodenanordnung für gasbildende elektrolytische Prozesse in Membran-Zellen und deren Verwendung

Also Published As

Publication number Publication date
DE3374139D1 (en) 1987-11-26
BR8304151A (pt) 1984-03-13
ES284413U (es) 1985-06-01
CA1228571A (en) 1987-10-27
ZA835568B (en) 1985-03-27
IN157978B (nl) 1986-08-09
US4474612A (en) 1984-10-02
MX153006A (es) 1986-07-16
DE3228884A1 (de) 1984-02-09
JPS5943885A (ja) 1984-03-12
ATE30343T1 (de) 1987-11-15
EP0102099A1 (de) 1984-03-07
US4474612B1 (nl) 1989-01-03
JPH062959B2 (ja) 1994-01-12
ES284413Y (es) 1986-01-16

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