EP0100246B1 - Vorrichtung zum Entfernen von übermässigen Tonerteilchen aus der Oberfläche eines Aufzeichnungselementes - Google Patents
Vorrichtung zum Entfernen von übermässigen Tonerteilchen aus der Oberfläche eines Aufzeichnungselementes Download PDFInfo
- Publication number
- EP0100246B1 EP0100246B1 EP83400999A EP83400999A EP0100246B1 EP 0100246 B1 EP0100246 B1 EP 0100246B1 EP 83400999 A EP83400999 A EP 83400999A EP 83400999 A EP83400999 A EP 83400999A EP 0100246 B1 EP0100246 B1 EP 0100246B1
- Authority
- EP
- European Patent Office
- Prior art keywords
- air inlet
- chamber
- opening
- orifice
- suction
- Prior art date
- Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
- Expired
Links
Images
Classifications
-
- G—PHYSICS
- G03—PHOTOGRAPHY; CINEMATOGRAPHY; ANALOGOUS TECHNIQUES USING WAVES OTHER THAN OPTICAL WAVES; ELECTROGRAPHY; HOLOGRAPHY
- G03G—ELECTROGRAPHY; ELECTROPHOTOGRAPHY; MAGNETOGRAPHY
- G03G19/00—Processes using magnetic patterns; Apparatus therefor, i.e. magnetography
-
- G—PHYSICS
- G03—PHOTOGRAPHY; CINEMATOGRAPHY; ANALOGOUS TECHNIQUES USING WAVES OTHER THAN OPTICAL WAVES; ELECTROGRAPHY; HOLOGRAPHY
- G03G—ELECTROGRAPHY; ELECTROPHOTOGRAPHY; MAGNETOGRAPHY
- G03G15/00—Apparatus for electrographic processes using a charge pattern
- G03G15/06—Apparatus for electrographic processes using a charge pattern for developing
- G03G15/08—Apparatus for electrographic processes using a charge pattern for developing using a solid developer, e.g. powder developer
- G03G15/095—Removing excess solid developer, e.g. fog preventing
Definitions
- the present invention relates to a device for removing excess developer particles on the surface of a recording element.
- a device for removing excess developer particles on the surface of a recording element finds more particularly, although not exclusively, its application in magnetic printing machines.
- These printing machines In modern equipment used for information processing, more and more rapid printers are used in which the printing of the characters is carried out without for this calling upon the impact of types of relief printing on a sheet. of receiving paper.
- These printing machines said to be without impact or even without transfer without striking, generally comprise a recording element, most often constituted by a rotary drum or an endless belt, on the surface of which one can form, electrostatic or magnetic, sensitive zones which correspond to the characters or images to be printed and which are capable of attracting solid particles of developer.
- This recording element is then brought into contact with a sheet of receiving paper to allow the solid particles which are retained by the sensitized areas of the element definitively to be transferred to this sheet to be definitively fixed there.
- a device of this type in which a mass of developer particles, placed in contact with the surface of the recording element and downstream of the particle application device, discharges the particles which adhere to this element outside of the sensitized zones, so that these discharged particles detach from the recording element and come to agglomerate with this mass.
- a device does not give complete satisfaction to the use of the fact that it does not always ensure a complete electrical discharge of the particles and that it does not therefore make it possible to safely remove the particles of developer that remain on the recording element, outside of the sensitive areas thereof.
- such a device cannot be used to remove excess particles on the recording element of an electrostatic printer, because this device would risk, by capturing the electric charges of this element, to erase the sensitized areas of it.
- a device comprising a chamber which, connected to a pneumatic pressure member, is provided, opposite the surface of the recording element, with an opening through which the air which is sent under pressure into the chamber, this opening being dimensioned so that the exhaust of air takes place in the form of an air jet which strikes the surface and thus expels the developer particles in excess that are on this surface.
- this device which gives good results, however has the disadvantage of spreading into the atmosphere the particles which have been expelled by the air jet, which generates pollution which always ends up being undesirable for people in the vicinity. near the machine.
- This latter device which, operating like a vacuum cleaner, makes it possible to remove excess developer particles, without causing pollution of the atmosphere.
- This latter device which has been described and represented in the French patent application published under No. 2, 322,395, comprises, on the one hand, a chamber, of generally cylindrical shape, provided with an inlet opening and an outlet opening, each of these openings being located at a respective one of the two ends of the chamber, the outlet opening being connected to a source of air depression, on the other hand a duct or nozzle, of constant section, which communicates, at one of its ends, with the entry opening of the chamber, the other end of this duct having a slit-shaped orifice disposed at a very small distance from the surface of the record item.
- the orientation of the chamber is such that its generatrices are orthogonal to the direction of elongation of the orifice in the form of a slot in the duct.
- the ratio of the cross-sectional area of the inlet opening to that of the chamber outlet opening is very small, that is to say less than 0.1, which ensures a flow rate. practically uniform air across the width of the chamber entry opening.
- the developer particles which were sucked in were not always properly entrained during their passage through the chamber, so that an accumulation of particles ended up appearing on the walls of this chamber. , causing, in the long run, a significant decrease in the suction flow of the device and, consequently, a more or less significant obstruction of the duct
- the present invention overcomes this drawback and proposes a device which makes it possible to efficiently suck up the excess developer particles which are on the surface of the recording element, without the particles thus sucked up accumulate elsewhere than on the filters that have been designed to collect them. As a result, the risks of fouling of this device are practically eliminated, which allows this device to operate under optimal conditions which, over time, do not undergo any modification.
- the present invention relates to a device for removing from a surface on which a powder developer has been deposited, the excess developer particles which adhere to this surface, this device comprising a suction duct having an orifice at each of its two ends, one of these orifices, called the air inlet, having the form of a slit and extending parallel to said surface, in the immediate vicinity thereof, while the other orifice, said air outlet, is connected to a suction source by means of a cylindrical chamber integral with said suction duct, said device being characterized in that said chamber is arranged in such a way that its generators are parallel in the direction of elongation of the air inlet orifice of the duct, and in that the two opposite lateral parts of said chamber are each provided with an opening, one of which, called the air intake , leads to the open air, tand is that the other, called suction, communicates with said suction source, said chamber being further provided, on its cylindrical wall, with a third opening which corresponds with the air outlet
- the printing machine part of which has been shown diagrammatically in FIG. 1, comprises a recording element which is constituted, in the example described, by a magnetic drum 10.
- This magnetic drum 10 is driven in rotation, in the direction of the arrow F, by an electric motor (not shown).
- the recording of information on this drum is carried out by a magnetic recording member 11 which is arranged near the external surface of the drum.
- this recording member 11 is formed of an assembly comprising several magnetic recording heads which, placed one next to the other, are aligned parallel to the axis of rotation 12 of the drum 10.
- Each of these heads generates, when it is repeatedly exited by an electric current, a variable magnetic field, which has the effect of creating magnetized domains or "magnetic points", on the surface of the drum which passes in front of the organ 11.
- the instants of excitation of these heads are moreover established, in a known manner, so as to obtain on the surface of the drum sets of magnetized domains 13, called magnetized zones or latent magnetic images, the shape of which corresponds to that of the characters to be printed.
- These magnetized zones 13 then pass in front of an application device 14 which is arranged below the drum 10 and which makes it possible to apply to the surface of the drum particles of a powdery developer contained in a reservoir 15.
- the developer particles which are thus applied to the drum 10 adhere, in principle, only to the magnetized zones thereof, so that the magnetized zones which have passed in front of the application device 14 appear coated with a layer of developer, this layer forming, on the drum 10, the image of the characters which are to be printed.
- this developer consists of magnetic particles coated with a resin which, by heating, is capable of melting and of being fixed on a paper on which it has been deposited. It should however be noted that the nature of this developer is not specific to the invention and that, in the case of an electrostatic printer to which of course the invention applies, this developer could very well consist of a known powder containing no magnetic particles. Similarly, for the application of developer on the drum 10, any conventional application device could be used.
- the application device 14 which is shown in FIG. 1 is of the type which has been described and represented in the patent application which has been filed in France, by the Applicant , February 11, 1982 and published FR-A-2.521.069.
- the developer adheres mainly to the magnetized zones 13, thus forming deposits 16 of particles on the surface of the drum 10.
- These deposits 16 then pass in front of a retouching device 17 which has the role of removing the particles which have adhered elsewhere than on the magnetized areas 13, as well as the paticles which are found in excess in these areas.
- the developer particles which remain on the drum 10 are transferred, almost entirely, onto a sheet of paper 18 which is applied to the drum 10 by means of a pressure roller 19.
- the residual developer particles which, when this transfer is carried out, are still on the drum 10 are then removed by means of a cleaning device 20, of known type, for example with a brush. After which, the magnetized zones which have passed in front of the cleaning device 20 pass in front of an erasing device 21 where they are then erased, which allows the demagnetized portions of the drum 10 to be able to be magnetized again when they arise next before the registration body 11.
- the retouching device 17 which has been shown in FIG. 1 comprises a suction duct 22 which, as shown in FIGS. 2 and 3, ends at each of its ends by an orifice, one of which, said to be air inlet 23, is disposed in the immediate vicinity of the surface of the drum 10, and the other of which, called the air outlet 24, communicates with a chamber 25 which will be discussed later.
- the air inlet orifice 23 has the form of a rectangular slot which extends in a direction AA 'parallel to the axis of rotation 12 of the drum 10, the length L of this slot being substantially equal to the length of this drum.
- the width e (FIG. 5) of this orifice 23 is always very small compared to its length L.
- this width e is such that the ratio L is less than 0.006.
- the distance d (FIG. 2) which separates the air inlet orifice 23 from the surface of the drum is itself very small and is at most equal to 2 mm.
- the suction duct 22 has practically the shape of a straight prism limited on the one hand by two triangular base plates 39 and 40 arranged parallel to one another. other, on the other hand by two non-parallel walls 26 and 27 arranged perpendicular to these plates 39 and 40 converging towards the air inlet orifice 23, these non-parallel walls 26 and 27 forming between them an angle less than 30 degrees.
- the width of the air outlet orifice 24 is always greater than that of the air inlet orifice 23.
- the distance D which separates the two orifices 23 and 24 from the suction duct 22 is established in such a way that the width of the air outlet orifice 24 remains between 5th and 20th.
- the width e of the inlet orifice 23 is equal to 1 millimeter
- the width of the outlet orifice 24 is practically equal to 15 millimeters.
- FIGS. 2 and 3 also show that the chamber 25 is in the form of a limited cylinder, on the one hand by a cylindrical wall 28, on the other hand by two opposite side walls 29 and 30.
- the side wall 29 of the chamber and the plate 39 of the suction duct form only one piece. It is the same for the side wall 30 of the chamber and the plate 40 of the conduit.
- the wall 29 and the plate 39 just like the wall 30 and the plate 40, could very well be made up of two different parts, fixed to each other during the assembly operation of the chamber and the conduit.
- FIGS. 1 the embodiment illustrated by FIGS.
- the cylinder under which the chamber is presented is a cylinder of revolution, that is to say that the line obtained by cutting this cylinder by a plane perpendicular to the generatrices of this cylinder is a circle.
- the cylindrical chamber 25 could also be in a different cylindrical shape, that is to say such that the section of the cylinder by a plane perpendicular to the generatrices either, no longer circular, but limited by a closed non-circular curve such as, for example, an ellipse or even a curve made up of two parallel straight lines joined together, at their ends by two portions of circular line.
- a cylindrical chamber 25, the section of which presents precisely this latter feature equips the retouching device which has been shown, by way of illustration, in FIG. 4. It should however be indicated that, as can be seen in FIGS. arrangement of the cylindrical chamber 25, with respect to the duct 22, is such that its generators are parallel to the direction of elongation AA ′ of the air inlet orifice 23.
- Figures 3 and 4 also show that the side wall 30 of the cylindrical chamber 25 is provided with an opening 31, called the intake, of air, which opens into the open air, and that the side wall 29 of this chamber has an opening 32, called suction, provided with a tube 33 on which is normally fixed a flexible pipe 34 ensuring, as shown in Figure 1, the connection of chamber 25 to a suction source 35 of the type known.
- the chamber 25 is provided, on its cylindrical wall 28, with a third opening 36 which corresponds with the air outlet orifice 24 of the suction duct 22 and which therefore has the same dimensions as those of this outlet orifice.
- the dimensions of the suction opening 32 are established so that the ratio of the cross-sectional area of the suction inlet to that of the opening 32 remains between 0.3 and 0.7.
- the dimensions of the air intake opening 31 are established so that the ratio of the cross-sectional area of the air intake orifice 23 to that of this intake opening remains between 2 and 20.
- the suction opening 32 is circular in shape and has a diameter of 30 mm, i.e. a section practically equal to 706 mm 2 .
- the air intake opening 31 is circular in shape and has a diameter of 15 mm, that is to say a section practically equal to 176 mm 2 .
- the dimensions of the third cover 36, and therefore those of the outlet orifice 24 are established so that the ratio of the cross-sectional area of this third opening to that of the inlet orifice of air 23 remains between 5 and 20.
- this third opening has a section practically equal to 6000 mm2.
- the non-parallel walls 26 and 27 of the suction duct 22 have a relatively small thickness, generally less than 1 mm, and are shaped as shown in FIG. 2, so as to present, on either side other of the air inlet orifice 23, two end portions 37 and 38 which are mutually parallel and oriented perpendicular to the surface of the drum 10.
- the end of these end parts 37 and 38 is bevelled at an angle ( ⁇ ) at most equal to 45 '. Under these conditions, the air flow which is produced when the suction source 35 is put into operation, follows a path which has been illustrated diagrammatically by arrows G in FIG.
- the air flow from the suction source 35 is adjusted by known means (not shown) so that the value of the vacuum inside the suction duct 22 remains between 100 and 400 Pascals.
- optical densities which appear in this table are those which have been measured, by means of a densitometer of the designed type, after the image of the characters formed by the deposit of developer on the drum has been transferred on paper, this paper having when virgin, an optical density practically equal to 0.05.
- these optical density values are those which are obtained, for a drum speed of 31.4 cm / s, when a developer of the type of those used is used for the development of the latent images of this drum. which have been described in the patent application that was filed in France by the Applicant 20 March 1980 and published under No. 2,478,839.
Landscapes
- Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
- General Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
- Cleaning In Electrography (AREA)
- Dry Development In Electrophotography (AREA)
- Printers Or Recording Devices Using Electromagnetic And Radiation Means (AREA)
Claims (8)
Applications Claiming Priority (2)
| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
|---|---|---|---|
| FR8212831 | 1982-07-22 | ||
| FR8212831A FR2530837B1 (fr) | 1982-07-22 | 1982-07-22 | Dispositif pour retirer les particules de revelateur en exces sur la surface d'un element d'enregistrement |
Publications (2)
| Publication Number | Publication Date |
|---|---|
| EP0100246A1 EP0100246A1 (de) | 1984-02-08 |
| EP0100246B1 true EP0100246B1 (de) | 1986-07-23 |
Family
ID=9276222
Family Applications (1)
| Application Number | Title | Priority Date | Filing Date |
|---|---|---|---|
| EP83400999A Expired EP0100246B1 (de) | 1982-07-22 | 1983-05-19 | Vorrichtung zum Entfernen von übermässigen Tonerteilchen aus der Oberfläche eines Aufzeichnungselementes |
Country Status (5)
| Country | Link |
|---|---|
| US (1) | US4538321A (de) |
| EP (1) | EP0100246B1 (de) |
| JP (1) | JPS5919980A (de) |
| DE (1) | DE3364698D1 (de) |
| FR (1) | FR2530837B1 (de) |
Families Citing this family (8)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| US4666282A (en) * | 1986-03-03 | 1987-05-19 | Xerox Corporation | Contamination control for xerographic developing systems |
| JPS6334571A (ja) * | 1986-07-30 | 1988-02-15 | Fuji Xerox Co Ltd | 複写方法 |
| JPS6324567U (de) * | 1986-07-30 | 1988-02-18 | ||
| JPS6334572A (ja) * | 1986-07-30 | 1988-02-15 | Fuji Xerox Co Ltd | 中間体転写方法 |
| US4797708A (en) * | 1987-05-04 | 1989-01-10 | Eastman Kodak Company | Apparatus for scavenging unwanted particles from a photoconductor of an electrographic apparatus |
| US4903084A (en) * | 1987-12-14 | 1990-02-20 | Eastman Kodak Company | Cleaning apparatus having an interference-fit housing |
| JP2526614Y2 (ja) * | 1990-04-10 | 1997-02-19 | 旭光学工業株式会社 | 電子写真法を用いる画像形成装置の装置内汚染防止構造 |
| US5268727A (en) * | 1992-11-13 | 1993-12-07 | Xerox Corporation | Uniform velocity air manifold |
Family Cites Families (10)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| US3161544A (en) * | 1960-06-14 | 1964-12-15 | Gen Electric | Recording and portraying apparatus |
| JPS5038940B2 (de) * | 1972-08-31 | 1975-12-13 | ||
| JPS5734511Y2 (de) * | 1974-05-14 | 1982-07-30 | ||
| US4014065A (en) * | 1975-08-27 | 1977-03-29 | Xerox Corporation | Magnetic developer removal system |
| US4271559A (en) * | 1978-05-08 | 1981-06-09 | Gould Inc. | Toner clean-off head |
| US4233382A (en) * | 1978-10-27 | 1980-11-11 | E. I. Du Pont De Nemours And Company | Electrostatic transfer of magnetically held toner images |
| JPS55113061A (en) * | 1979-02-24 | 1980-09-01 | Konishiroku Photo Ind Co Ltd | Scattering toner collector |
| JPS55138660U (de) * | 1979-03-26 | 1980-10-02 | ||
| US4304026A (en) * | 1979-10-01 | 1981-12-08 | Xerox Corporation | Cleaning apparatus for a xerographic reproduction machine |
| JPS5792354A (en) * | 1980-11-28 | 1982-06-08 | Canon Inc | Dust collection device |
-
1982
- 1982-07-22 FR FR8212831A patent/FR2530837B1/fr not_active Expired
-
1983
- 1983-05-19 DE DE8383400999T patent/DE3364698D1/de not_active Expired
- 1983-05-19 EP EP83400999A patent/EP0100246B1/de not_active Expired
- 1983-06-20 US US06/505,980 patent/US4538321A/en not_active Expired - Lifetime
- 1983-06-22 JP JP58112599A patent/JPS5919980A/ja active Granted
Also Published As
| Publication number | Publication date |
|---|---|
| FR2530837B1 (fr) | 1986-08-14 |
| JPH0477311B2 (de) | 1992-12-08 |
| JPS5919980A (ja) | 1984-02-01 |
| FR2530837A1 (fr) | 1984-01-27 |
| US4538321A (en) | 1985-09-03 |
| DE3364698D1 (en) | 1986-08-28 |
| EP0100246A1 (de) | 1984-02-08 |
Similar Documents
| Publication | Publication Date | Title |
|---|---|---|
| CA1333474C (fr) | Appareil pour separer et recuperer les particules solides de revelateur transportees par un flux gazeux | |
| EP0100246B1 (de) | Vorrichtung zum Entfernen von übermässigen Tonerteilchen aus der Oberfläche eines Aufzeichnungselementes | |
| EP0017669B1 (de) | Sperrschieber für die Düse eines Tintenstrahldruckers | |
| FR2532075A1 (fr) | Module de traitement a monter de maniere amovible dans un appareil de formation d'images, cet appareil et dispositif de nettoyage d'une electrode de decharge d'un tel appareil | |
| FR2477734A1 (fr) | Appareil pour developper une image electrostatique latente | |
| FR2640055A1 (fr) | Procede de nettoyage pour enlever un film de depots d'un support d'image dans un appareil generateur d'images | |
| EP0086683B1 (de) | Vorrichtung zum Aufbringen von Feststoffteilchen auf einen Aufzeichnungsträger einer Druckvorrichtung | |
| CH644960A5 (fr) | Procede et appareil electrophotographiques. | |
| CH646802A5 (fr) | Procede et appareil de report d'images electrostatiques developpees pour procede electrophotographique de reproduction. | |
| EP0099763B1 (de) | Einrichtung zum Anbringen von Entwicklungspulver auf der Aufzeichnungsrolle eines nichtmechanischen Druckers | |
| CH630185A5 (fr) | Installation pour la reproduction electrophotographique d'une image et procede pour sa mise en action. | |
| EP0371842B1 (de) | Vorrichtung zur Rückführung von festen Entwicklungsteilchen, die von einem Transportgasstrom getrennt worden sind, in einen offenen Behälter | |
| FR2746704A1 (fr) | Tete de raclage, notamment pour serigraphie | |
| EP1649734B1 (de) | Verfahren und einrichtung zum füllen von in hohlräumen angeordneten bereichen oder zwischen spuren mit einem viskosem produkt auf einer leiterplatte und gerät mit der einrichtung | |
| FR2626529A1 (fr) | Dispositif pour appliquer, de facon intermittente, des particules d'un revelateur pulverulent sur la surface d'enregistrement d'une imprimante magnetographique | |
| FR3082778A1 (fr) | Tete d'impression d'une imprimante a jet d'encre avec 2 gouttieres de recuperation, dont une mobile | |
| FR2625574A1 (fr) | Dispositif pour eliminer la pollution due aux charges electriques acquises par un support d'impression dans une machine imprimante magnetographique | |
| EP0291392B1 (de) | Pulverförmige Substanz zur Reibungsverminderung des Aufnahmeträgers eines magnetischen Druckers | |
| FR2646952A1 (fr) | Dispositif composite pour le nettoyage et la lubrification de la surface d'un element d'enregistrement magnetique | |
| FR2834930A1 (fr) | Dispositif de mouillage selectif d'enveloppes | |
| FR2760660A1 (fr) | Dispositif de nettoyage, notamment de supports de transfert d'imprimerie | |
| EP0754985B1 (de) | Farbwerk für eine Entwicklertrommel | |
| WO2006097134A1 (fr) | Sabot et engin de decapage de surfaces pouvant presenter une courbure par projection et evacuation orientees d'un flux de particules | |
| FR2646250A1 (fr) | Dispositif pour appliquer, sur le support d'enregistrement d'une imprimante non-impact, des particules d'un revelateur pulverulent contenu dans un reservoir | |
| FR2858254A1 (fr) | Procede et dispositif de remplissage par un produit visqueux de zones situees en creux ou interpistes sur un circuit imprime, et equipement utilisant un tel dispositif |
Legal Events
| Date | Code | Title | Description |
|---|---|---|---|
| PUAI | Public reference made under article 153(3) epc to a published international application that has entered the european phase |
Free format text: ORIGINAL CODE: 0009012 |
|
| AK | Designated contracting states |
Designated state(s): DE GB IT NL |
|
| 17P | Request for examination filed |
Effective date: 19840131 |
|
| ITF | It: translation for a ep patent filed | ||
| GRAA | (expected) grant |
Free format text: ORIGINAL CODE: 0009210 |
|
| AK | Designated contracting states |
Kind code of ref document: B1 Designated state(s): DE GB IT NL |
|
| REF | Corresponds to: |
Ref document number: 3364698 Country of ref document: DE Date of ref document: 19860828 |
|
| PLBE | No opposition filed within time limit |
Free format text: ORIGINAL CODE: 0009261 |
|
| STAA | Information on the status of an ep patent application or granted ep patent |
Free format text: STATUS: NO OPPOSITION FILED WITHIN TIME LIMIT |
|
| 26N | No opposition filed | ||
| ITTA | It: last paid annual fee | ||
| PGFP | Annual fee paid to national office [announced via postgrant information from national office to epo] |
Ref country code: NL Payment date: 19980531 Year of fee payment: 16 |
|
| PG25 | Lapsed in a contracting state [announced via postgrant information from national office to epo] |
Ref country code: NL Free format text: LAPSE BECAUSE OF NON-PAYMENT OF DUE FEES Effective date: 19991201 |
|
| NLV4 | Nl: lapsed or anulled due to non-payment of the annual fee |
Effective date: 19991201 |
|
| REG | Reference to a national code |
Ref country code: GB Ref legal event code: 732E |
|
| PGFP | Annual fee paid to national office [announced via postgrant information from national office to epo] |
Ref country code: GB Payment date: 20010514 Year of fee payment: 19 |
|
| PGFP | Annual fee paid to national office [announced via postgrant information from national office to epo] |
Ref country code: DE Payment date: 20010730 Year of fee payment: 19 |
|
| REG | Reference to a national code |
Ref country code: GB Ref legal event code: IF02 |
|
| PG25 | Lapsed in a contracting state [announced via postgrant information from national office to epo] |
Ref country code: GB Free format text: LAPSE BECAUSE OF NON-PAYMENT OF DUE FEES Effective date: 20020519 |
|
| PG25 | Lapsed in a contracting state [announced via postgrant information from national office to epo] |
Ref country code: DE Free format text: LAPSE BECAUSE OF NON-PAYMENT OF DUE FEES Effective date: 20021203 |
|
| GBPC | Gb: european patent ceased through non-payment of renewal fee |
Effective date: 20020519 |