EP0086014A1 - Procédé pour la fabrication et la stabilisation de l'effet de réversibilité à deux directions dans un alliage mémoire de forme à base de Cu-Al-Ni ou de Cu-Al - Google Patents
Procédé pour la fabrication et la stabilisation de l'effet de réversibilité à deux directions dans un alliage mémoire de forme à base de Cu-Al-Ni ou de Cu-Al Download PDFInfo
- Publication number
- EP0086014A1 EP0086014A1 EP83200130A EP83200130A EP0086014A1 EP 0086014 A1 EP0086014 A1 EP 0086014A1 EP 83200130 A EP83200130 A EP 83200130A EP 83200130 A EP83200130 A EP 83200130A EP 0086014 A1 EP0086014 A1 EP 0086014A1
- Authority
- EP
- European Patent Office
- Prior art keywords
- alloy
- temperature
- subjected
- stabilization
- heat treatment
- Prior art date
- Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
- Granted
Links
- 238000000034 method Methods 0.000 title claims abstract description 18
- 230000006641 stabilisation Effects 0.000 title claims abstract description 18
- 229910045601 alloy Inorganic materials 0.000 title claims abstract description 16
- 239000000956 alloy Substances 0.000 title claims abstract description 16
- 230000002441 reversible effect Effects 0.000 title claims abstract description 6
- 230000003446 memory effect Effects 0.000 title claims description 8
- 238000004519 manufacturing process Methods 0.000 title claims 2
- 229910017535 Cu-Al-Ni Inorganic materials 0.000 title 1
- 229910017767 Cu—Al Inorganic materials 0.000 title 1
- 238000011105 stabilization Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 17
- 229910000734 martensite Inorganic materials 0.000 claims abstract description 12
- 238000010438 heat treatment Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 9
- 238000000137 annealing Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 7
- 238000010791 quenching Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 4
- 230000000171 quenching effect Effects 0.000 claims abstract description 4
- 238000010583 slow cooling Methods 0.000 claims description 7
- XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N water Substances O XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 6
- 229910000838 Al alloy Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 3
- 229910000881 Cu alloy Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 3
- 239000013078 crystal Substances 0.000 claims description 2
- 230000000087 stabilizing effect Effects 0.000 claims description 2
- 238000005272 metallurgy Methods 0.000 claims 1
- 238000004663 powder metallurgy Methods 0.000 claims 1
- 230000000694 effects Effects 0.000 abstract description 23
- 229910052759 nickel Inorganic materials 0.000 abstract description 4
- 230000008569 process Effects 0.000 abstract description 3
- 229910052802 copper Inorganic materials 0.000 abstract description 2
- 230000006872 improvement Effects 0.000 abstract description 2
- 230000015572 biosynthetic process Effects 0.000 abstract 1
- 230000006355 external stress Effects 0.000 abstract 1
- 238000005452 bending Methods 0.000 description 10
- 238000010586 diagram Methods 0.000 description 8
- 229910000730 Beta brass Inorganic materials 0.000 description 5
- 230000009466 transformation Effects 0.000 description 5
- 238000011282 treatment Methods 0.000 description 5
- 239000000203 mixture Substances 0.000 description 4
- 239000000835 fiber Substances 0.000 description 3
- 230000006835 compression Effects 0.000 description 2
- 238000007906 compression Methods 0.000 description 2
- 230000002349 favourable effect Effects 0.000 description 2
- 229910001285 shape-memory alloy Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- 229910001069 Ti alloy Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 230000006399 behavior Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000001816 cooling Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000006073 displacement reaction Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000005516 engineering process Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000006870 function Effects 0.000 description 1
- 239000000463 material Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000002156 mixing Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000007493 shaping process Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000000126 substance Substances 0.000 description 1
- 230000000930 thermomechanical effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000007704 transition Effects 0.000 description 1
Images
Classifications
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C22—METALLURGY; FERROUS OR NON-FERROUS ALLOYS; TREATMENT OF ALLOYS OR NON-FERROUS METALS
- C22F—CHANGING THE PHYSICAL STRUCTURE OF NON-FERROUS METALS AND NON-FERROUS ALLOYS
- C22F1/00—Changing the physical structure of non-ferrous metals or alloys by heat treatment or by hot or cold working
- C22F1/006—Resulting in heat recoverable alloys with a memory effect
Definitions
- the invention is based on a method for generating and stabilizing a two-way memory effect according to the preamble of claim 1.
- the invention is based on the object of specifying a method for Cu / Al / Ni and Cu / Al alloys in order to induce a considerable reversible two-way memory effect in these substances and, if appropriate, to stabilize this effect in such a way that from the said Alloys components that can be used in practice can be produced.
- FIG. 2 shows a time / temperature diagram of the sequence of the individual method steps corresponding to the flow diagram of FIG. 1.
- 1 represents the usual solution annealing mostly at approx. 850 ° C, ie the transformation of the alloy into the structure of the / 3 -mixing crystal
- 2 the subsequent water quenching to carry the metastable state to room temperature.
- 3 is to achieve a memory effect and for shaping of the component necessary critical deformation step, which can be carried out at room temperature or in principle at any temperature below 300 ° C. After this deformation, the workpiece does not necessarily have to be relieved. In the event of deformation above room temperature, it can be cooled.
- 5 is the step of shape stabilization, which is carried out at 150 to 425 ° C.
- step 3 the state according to step 5 can optionally also be reached via step 4 (maintaining the temperature).
- 7 and 8 illustrate an optional one-way effect treatment followed by slow cooling. However, these steps can also be omitted.
- the additional advantageous step of martensite stabilization with subsequent slow cooling is shown in sections 9 and 10.
- Fig. 3 shows a diagram of the two-way effect using the example of a bending rod.
- the deflection (deflection) f in mm is plotted as a function of the temperature T in ° C. If you go through a temperature cycle between about room temperature and 200 o C, the reversible deflection that follows the hysteresis curves is achieved. Curve 13 corresponds to the effect without, curve 14 to that with martensite stabilization. The quantitative improvement due to martensite stabilization is clearly evident.
- the maximum achievable deflection difference of approx. 5 mm between the high and low temperature phase corresponds in the present case to an elongation S of approx. 1.3%. 4 schematically shows a test device for bending rods.
- 15 is the bending rod made of memory alloy. 15 represents a clamping device for the bending rod, that is to say the so-called fixed point. 17 is a cord which is guided over a cable pulley 18 and by means of a counterweight 19 is slightly tense. The cord 17 is attached to the movable end of the bending bar 15. The counterweight 19 is dimensioned such that it is only with certainty that the frictional forces when moving process overcomes.
- the arrow represents the direction of movement of the deflection of the bending rod 15, which, with full deflection (deflection), reaches the position according to FIG. 21 with its axis. The movements can be read or registered on a sensor (not shown) mounted on the roller 18.
- the rod had a square cross section of 2.5 x 2.5 mm and a length of 35 mm. It was treated similarly to the procedure shown in FIGS. 1 and 2. First, the rod was pre-shaped at a temperature of 900 ° C in such a way that its longitudinal axis described a circular arc with a radius of -37 mm (negative sign, since curvature in the opposite direction with respect to the later definitive shape). The pre-bent rod was then subjected to solution annealing at a temperature of 950 ° C. for 15 minutes and subsequent quenching in cold water (similar to 1 and 2 in FIG. 2). The rod was then bent in the opposite direction at room temperature so that its longitudinal axis described a radius of + 35 mm.
- Example I A test bar of the same dimensions and the same composition as in Example I was subjected to solution annealing at 850 ° C. for 10 minutes in the flat (stretched) state and then quenched in cold water. The rod was then bent to a radius of 22 mm at room temperature, which corresponded to an outermost fiber elongation of 5.4%. The bent rod was then held at a temperature of 300 ° C for 30 minutes under load. The load was removed while still warm and the relieved rod was slowly cooled to room temperature. The test was carried out in the same manner as in Example I. With this material without “martensite stabilization", greater scatter and less two-way effects were found than with the stabilized one according to Example I.
- a torsion bar of the same composition as in Example I was subjected to a corresponding treatment and test.
- the rod had a round cross-section, with a diameter of 3 mm and a measuring length of 24 mm. It was first solution annealed at a temperature of 850 ° C for 10 minutes and then quenched in cold water. The rod was heated to 100 ° C and twisted (twisted) at this temperature by a total angle ⁇ of 80 o with respect to the circular cross sections at the ends of the measuring length.
- the twist angle ⁇ of the outermost fiber of the helix with the cylinder generating line (pitch angle) was approximately 5 °, which corresponded to an elongation of 6% in the main stress directions (tension and compression).
- the rod was held in this tensioned position and heated to a temperature of 300 ° C. This state was maintained for 20 minutes. Then the rod was relieved and slowly cooled to room temperature. The two-way effect on torsion was then determined by going through a temperature cycle of 0 to 250 ° C.
- the achievable reversible angle difference ⁇ of the circular cross sections at both ends of the measuring length was 9 °, which corresponded to a twist angle cC (pitch angle) of 34 '.
- the equivalent of the strains in the two main stress directions was thus about 0.7%.
- a tensile bar with the same composition and the same dimensions as the torsion bar according to Example III was subjected to a corresponding treatment and test. It was first subjected to solution annealing at a temperature of 850 ° C. for 15 minutes and then quenched in cold water. Then the rod was subjected to tensile stress in its longitudinal axis at room temperature and stretched (stretched) by an amount of 4%. While maintaining the applied load (tensile stress), the rod was heated to 300 ° C. and held in this state for 20 minutes. The load was then removed and the rod slowly cooled to room temperature. The two-way effect measured on various test specimens in the temperature interval from 0 to 200 ° C. was 0.2 to 0.5%. It could be significantly improved by the martensite stabilization treatment according to 9 in FIG. 2 and kept within narrow limits.
- any memory alloy of the ⁇ -brass type which shows a well-known one-way effect in the natural state (i.e. after conventional treatment), but shows a negligible two-way effect, can be brought into a state according to the new method, where it has a clear two-way effect suitable for practical use having.
- These primarily include the alloys of the types Cu / Al / Ni and Cu / Al.
- solution annealing can be carried out at different temperatures (usually between 850 and 950 ° C).
- the decisive process step corresponding to the shape stabilization can in the temperature range of 150 to 425 ° C for 0.5 to 180 min, the shorter times apply to the higher temperatures.
- the load to be applied at the same time must be dimensioned such that a tension (tension, pressure or thrust) is generated which corresponds to an elongation of at least 1%. In the case of thrust, this means that the displacement angle ⁇ (pitch angle for torsion) must be at least 50 '.
- the martensite stabilization can be carried out in the temperature range between 200 and 400 ° C for 1 min to 4 h.
- the zero point stabilization of the two-way effect is advantageously carried out at a temperature which corresponds to the later maximum operating temperature (in our case approx. 200 ° C.).
- the duration of the heating should be at least 1 min.
- the present new method has shown the way for the first time how a two-way effect that can be used in practice can be achieved with memory alloys of the ⁇ -brass type, which normally only show a pronounced one-way effect.
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- Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
- Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
- Thermal Sciences (AREA)
- Crystallography & Structural Chemistry (AREA)
- Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
- Materials Engineering (AREA)
- Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
- Metallurgy (AREA)
- Organic Chemistry (AREA)
- Heat Treatment Of Nonferrous Metals Or Alloys (AREA)
- Heat Treatment Of Articles (AREA)
- Internal Circuitry In Semiconductor Integrated Circuit Devices (AREA)
- Heat Treatment Of Steel (AREA)
Priority Applications (1)
Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
---|---|---|---|
AT83200130T ATE23570T1 (de) | 1982-02-05 | 1983-01-26 | Verfahren zur erzeugung und stabilisierung eines reversiblen zweiweg-gedaechtnisseffektes in einer cu/al/ni- oder einer cu/al-legierung. |
Applications Claiming Priority (2)
Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
---|---|---|---|
CH707/82 | 1982-02-05 | ||
CH70782 | 1982-02-05 |
Publications (2)
Publication Number | Publication Date |
---|---|
EP0086014A1 true EP0086014A1 (fr) | 1983-08-17 |
EP0086014B1 EP0086014B1 (fr) | 1986-11-12 |
Family
ID=4193293
Family Applications (1)
Application Number | Title | Priority Date | Filing Date |
---|---|---|---|
EP83200130A Expired EP0086014B1 (fr) | 1982-02-05 | 1983-01-26 | Procédé pour la fabrication et la stabilisation de l'effet de réversibilité à deux directions dans un alliage mémoire de forme à base de Cu-Al-Ni ou de Cu-Al |
Country Status (5)
Country | Link |
---|---|
US (1) | US4416706A (fr) |
EP (1) | EP0086014B1 (fr) |
JP (1) | JPS58147548A (fr) |
AT (1) | ATE23570T1 (fr) |
DE (1) | DE3367626D1 (fr) |
Cited By (1)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
FR2681331A1 (fr) * | 1991-09-17 | 1993-03-19 | Imago | Procede de modification des temperatures caracteristiques de transformation d'un alliage metallique a memoire de forme. |
Families Citing this family (7)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
DE3319395A1 (de) * | 1983-05-28 | 1984-11-29 | G. Rau GmbH & Co, 7530 Pforzheim | Formstueck aus einem verbundwerkstoff und herstellungsverfahren hierzu |
US4887430A (en) * | 1988-12-21 | 1989-12-19 | Eaton Corporation | Bistable SME actuator with retainer |
ES2116149B1 (es) * | 1994-04-11 | 1999-08-01 | Uni Politenica De Catalunya | Procedimiento para la obtencion de efecto doble memoria de forma en aleaciones inteligentes con memoria de forma.. n |
US5842312A (en) * | 1995-03-01 | 1998-12-01 | E*Sorb Systems | Hysteretic damping apparati and methods |
US6149742A (en) * | 1998-05-26 | 2000-11-21 | Lockheed Martin Corporation | Process for conditioning shape memory alloys |
US20040201444A1 (en) * | 2000-12-20 | 2004-10-14 | Byong-Ho Park | Shape memory alloy actuators activated by strain gradient variation during phase transformation |
US8409372B1 (en) | 2010-09-02 | 2013-04-02 | The United States of America as Represented by the Administraton of National Aeronautics and Space Administration | Thermomechanical methodology for stabilizing shape memory alloy (SMA) response |
Citations (1)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
EP0035069A1 (fr) * | 1980-03-03 | 1981-09-09 | BBC Aktiengesellschaft Brown, Boveri & Cie. | Alliage à mémoire de forme à base de Cu-Al ou de Cu-Al-Ni et procédé pour la stabilisation de l'effet de réversibilité |
Family Cites Families (3)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
JPS53925B2 (fr) * | 1974-05-04 | 1978-01-13 | ||
FR2344639A1 (fr) * | 1976-03-18 | 1977-10-14 | Raychem Corp | Nouveaux alliages aptes a la reprise thermique |
SU606894A1 (ru) * | 1977-01-03 | 1978-05-15 | Институт Металлофизики Ан Украинской Сср | Способ изготовлени температурочуствительных элементов из сплавав, обладающих эффектом пам ти формы |
-
1982
- 1982-07-29 US US06/403,129 patent/US4416706A/en not_active Expired - Fee Related
-
1983
- 1983-01-26 AT AT83200130T patent/ATE23570T1/de not_active IP Right Cessation
- 1983-01-26 DE DE8383200130T patent/DE3367626D1/de not_active Expired
- 1983-01-26 EP EP83200130A patent/EP0086014B1/fr not_active Expired
- 1983-02-04 JP JP58016315A patent/JPS58147548A/ja active Granted
Patent Citations (1)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
EP0035069A1 (fr) * | 1980-03-03 | 1981-09-09 | BBC Aktiengesellschaft Brown, Boveri & Cie. | Alliage à mémoire de forme à base de Cu-Al ou de Cu-Al-Ni et procédé pour la stabilisation de l'effet de réversibilité |
Non-Patent Citations (3)
Title |
---|
JOURNAL OF THE PHYSICAL SOCIETY OF JAPAN, Band 30, Nr. 1, Juni 1971, Seite 296 * |
METALLURGICAL TRANSACTIONS A, Band 7A, Februar 1976, Seiten 265-272 * |
METALLURGICAL TRANSACTIONS A, Band 8A, Juni 1977, Seiten 955-962 * |
Cited By (1)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
FR2681331A1 (fr) * | 1991-09-17 | 1993-03-19 | Imago | Procede de modification des temperatures caracteristiques de transformation d'un alliage metallique a memoire de forme. |
Also Published As
Publication number | Publication date |
---|---|
JPH0123546B2 (fr) | 1989-05-02 |
EP0086014B1 (fr) | 1986-11-12 |
DE3367626D1 (en) | 1987-01-02 |
ATE23570T1 (de) | 1986-11-15 |
US4416706A (en) | 1983-11-22 |
JPS58147548A (ja) | 1983-09-02 |
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