Classifications

• • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
  • C10—PETROLEUM, GAS OR COKE INDUSTRIES; TECHNICAL GASES CONTAINING CARBON MONOXIDE; FUELS; LUBRICANTS; PEAT
  • C10L—FUELS NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; NATURAL GAS; SYNTHETIC NATURAL GAS OBTAINED BY PROCESSES NOT COVERED BY SUBCLASSES C10G, C10K; LIQUEFIED PETROLEUM GAS; ADDING MATERIALS TO FUELS OR FIRES TO REDUCE SMOKE OR UNDESIRABLE DEPOSITS OR TO FACILITATE SOOT REMOVAL; FIRELIGHTERS
  • C10L1/00—Liquid carbonaceous fuels
  • C10L1/10—Liquid carbonaceous fuels containing additives
  • C10L1/14—Organic compounds
  • C10L1/22—Organic compounds containing nitrogen
  • C10L1/222—Organic compounds containing nitrogen containing at least one carbon-to-nitrogen single bond
  • C10L1/224—Amides; Imides carboxylic acid amides, imides

Definitions

• the invention relates to fuels for gasoline engines containing an addition of small amounts of the alkoxylated amides of polyamines and carboxylic acids having 5 to 22 carbon atoms.
• the carburetor and intake system of gasoline engines are increasingly loaded with contaminants that are caused by dust particles from the air, unburned hydrocarbon residues from the combustion chamber and the crankcase ventilation gases that are led into the carburetor. These residues shift the air-fuel ratio at idle and in the lower part-load range, so that the mixture is richer, the combustion is incomplete and, in turn, the proportions of unburned or partially burned hydrocarbons in the exhaust gas are increased and gasoline consumption increases.
• the alkoxylated carboxamides are obtained, for example, as follows: in a first stage, a carboxylic acid amide is prepared by reacting a carboxylic acid or a carboxylic acid mixture with an amine or an amine mixture, which is then alkoxylated with an alkylene oxide in a second stage.
• This alkoxylation can be carried out in one step with alkali analysis, but also in two steps, first reacting free NH groups with alkylene oxide in a thermal step and then alkoxylating the aminoalkanol obtained further in a second step.
• the amidation according to stage A is generally carried out by known methods in such a way that the carboxylic acid is mixed with the amine in the desired molar ratio (between 1: 1 and 2: 1) and at temperatures between 80 ° C. and 220 ° C. preferably between 140 ° C and 180 o C, is distilled off at atmospheric pressure or under reduced pressure, water of reaction.
• the reaction can use the determination of the amount of water distilled off, but also the determination of the amine number or the acid number of the reaction mixture.
• the reaction does not have to be driven to the theoretical end point; Partially converted acid - amine mixtures can also be used in the following alkoxylation step.
• the amidation reaction can also be continued in part until the formation of imidazoline rings while distilling off further water of reaction.
• the amides (II) described can also be obtained by reacting carboxylic esters, anhydrides, halides, etc. with amines by methods known from the literature.
• Saturated monocarboxylic acids having 4 to 20 carbon atoms, but also half esters or half amides of dicarboxylic acids, the total number of C atoms of which is between 8 and 24, are suitable as carboxylic acids.
• dicarboxylic acids with higher molecular weight alkyl side chains, such as alkenyl succinic acids, can also be used.
• monocarboxylic acids oleic acid, lauric acid, palmitic acid, isononanoic acid, 2-ethylhexanoic acid, naphthenic acids, dicarboxylic acids, maleic acid monotridecylamide, adipic acid monooctyl ester, octenyl succinic acid, etc.
• Suitable amines of the formula IV are straight-chain but also branched polyamines, preferably polyethylene or polypropylene amine with three or more nitrogen atoms.
• Examples include: diethylenetriamine, tetraethylenepentamine, dipropylenetriamine, tripropylenetetramine, aminopropylethylenediamine, N, N'-diaminopropylethylenediamine or polyethyleneimine with degrees of polymerization up to 35.
• the amides or amide mixtures obtained by reaction with the carboxylic acids are then thermally at temperatures between 60 and 150 ° C, preferably between 80 and 140 ° C, with the addition of up to 10% water in a first step under pressure up to 20 bar an alkylene oxide with 2 to 4 carbon atoms or a mixture of these alkylene oxides to an alkanolamine.
• the water is then optionally distilled off under reduced pressure and, after addition of up to 5% alkaline or also acidic catalysts which are customary for alkoxylation, in a second step at temperatures between 100 and 160 ° C. and pressures up to 20 bar, preferably up to 12 bar with further alkylene oxide, preferably with 3 or 4 carbon atoms to a polyalkylene oxide.
• Suitable alkylene oxides include ethylene oxide, 1,2-propylene oxide, 1,2-butylene oxide and 2,3-butylene oxide.
• oxides or hydroxides of alkali or alkaline earth metals preferably KOH, NaOH or LiOH, may be mentioned as catalysts; other acidic or alkaline alkoxylation catalysts customary in industry, such as BF 3 dihydrate, CaO or NaOCH 3, are also suitable.
• the alkoxylation can also be carried out in one step, water being dispensed with and the alkoxylation catalyst being added to the amide immediately.
• Fuels for gasoline engines are characterized by properties known per se. A definition can be found, for example, in the German DIN standard 51 600. According to ASTM, the volatility range at 100 ° F (37.8 ° C) is 6 lbs / sq. In. (0.41 bar) to ⁇ ⁇ 16 lbs / sq.in. (1.03 bar) and over a range of "50% points" in the ASTM D-86 test from 170 0 F (77 ° C) to (132 ° C). The ASTM endpoint of petroleum spirit is between 350 ° F (176 ° C) and 450 ° F (232 ° C). Full specifications for gasoline are fully defined in United States Federal Specification VV-M-561 a-2 Oct. 30, 1954 as Fuel M, Regular and Premium grades of classes A, B and C.
• the carboxamide oxalkylates to be used according to the invention have a pronounced cleanliness or cleaning action on the intake system (intake duct and intake valve) of gasoline engines.
• the carburettor also has a cleaning and purifying effect when additives of the described class of compounds are added to petrol.
• the carboxylic acid and the polyamine are mixed in the molar ratios shown in the tables and the mixture is first stirred at 120 to 130 ° C. under nitrogen.
• the product obtained according to B is treated with 1% KOH powder and up to 10 bar to constant pressure with the desired amount of alkylene oxide alkoxylated at 135 to 145 0 C in an autoclave at printing.
• test engine power 46 KW / 60 HP at 5200 rpm
• test engine power 46 KW / 60 HP at 5200 rpm
• the CO content in the exhaust gas is set to 3.5 ⁇ 0.5% by volume.
• Such a 40-hour cycle corresponds to a distance traveled of around 2,000 kilometers by road.
• Lines 11 and 12 of Table 2 show the results of test bench tests with the Opel Kadett engine, in which the claimed compound class with an antioxidant (C) and a component that is particularly effective on the carburetor (D) was added to the fuel in the form of a multifunctional package .
• the advantages of the selected combination are shown by the carburettors and intake valves, which are practically completely free of deposits.

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• Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
• Oil, Petroleum & Natural Gas (AREA)
• Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
• Chemical Kinetics & Catalysis (AREA)
• General Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
• Organic Chemistry (AREA)
• Solid Fuels And Fuel-Associated Substances (AREA)
• Organic Low-Molecular-Weight Compounds And Preparation Thereof (AREA)
• Liquid Carbonaceous Fuels (AREA)

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Citations (5)

• 1981
  • 1981-12-15 DE DE19813149569 patent/DE3149569A1/de not_active Withdrawn
• 1982
  • 1982-12-01 DE DE8282111091T patent/DE3267185D1/de not_active Expired
  • 1982-12-01 EP EP82111091A patent/EP0081744B1/fr not_active Expired

Patent Citations (5)

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