Classifications

• • A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
  • A23—FOODS OR FOODSTUFFS; TREATMENT THEREOF, NOT COVERED BY OTHER CLASSES
  • A23L—FOODS, FOODSTUFFS, OR NON-ALCOHOLIC BEVERAGES, NOT COVERED BY SUBCLASSES A21D OR A23B-A23J; THEIR PREPARATION OR TREATMENT, e.g. COOKING, MODIFICATION OF NUTRITIVE QUALITIES, PHYSICAL TREATMENT; PRESERVATION OF FOODS OR FOODSTUFFS, IN GENERAL
  • A23L27/00—Spices; Flavouring agents or condiments; Artificial sweetening agents; Table salts; Dietetic salt substitutes; Preparation or treatment thereof
  • A23L27/30—Artificial sweetening agents
  • A23L27/33—Artificial sweetening agents containing sugars or derivatives
  • A23L27/34—Sugar alcohols
• • A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
  • A23—FOODS OR FOODSTUFFS; TREATMENT THEREOF, NOT COVERED BY OTHER CLASSES
  • A23L—FOODS, FOODSTUFFS, OR NON-ALCOHOLIC BEVERAGES, NOT COVERED BY SUBCLASSES A21D OR A23B-A23J; THEIR PREPARATION OR TREATMENT, e.g. COOKING, MODIFICATION OF NUTRITIVE QUALITIES, PHYSICAL TREATMENT; PRESERVATION OF FOODS OR FOODSTUFFS, IN GENERAL
  • A23L27/00—Spices; Flavouring agents or condiments; Artificial sweetening agents; Table salts; Dietetic salt substitutes; Preparation or treatment thereof
  • A23L27/70—Fixation, conservation, or encapsulation of flavouring agents

Definitions

• This invention relates to flavouring compositions containing sorbitol, which can be used in candy and chewing gum, and to the production of such flavouring composition.
• flavouring compositions While a wide variety of flavouring compositions have been formulated for incorporation into candies and chewing gums, one of the problems attending the development of these products in novel flavour forms, has been the tendency of the flavour to diminish rapidly in intensity, and thereafter disappear within a relatively short period of time. This deficiency is most noteworthy in the instance of chewing gums, as flavour loss frequently occurs within the first four or five minutes of chewing.
• flavours likewise tend to exhibit undesirably limited shelf stability, and, in some cases, may diminish to an unacceptably low level within one month after storage.
• the high molecular weight material must be combined with plasticizers and solvents, before the addition of the flavouring agents, and precipitation of beads encapsulating the flavouring agent is accomplished by the addition of a hydrocarbon solvent such as hexane, which must thereafter be volatized off.
• a hydrocarbon solvent such as hexane
• APM may be relevant to the encapsulation of APM, the temperatures at which the patented procedure operates, are too high for the encapsulation of many desirable flavouring agents, which would be lost to volatization, if they were incorporated into the encapsulant matrix. Sorbitol itself congeals at a temperature that is too high to permit it to operate individually as an effective encapsulant. Also, the chemistry of APM differs from that of food flavouring agents, and analogies in the operation and effect of encapsulants may not be properly drawn.
• Dimick et al. conform to the prior art, as they merely incorporate the treated flavouring agent into melted sorbitol, add some seed crystals of sorbitol, and cool the melt to about 80°C to commence crystallization.
• the nature of this processing fails to encapsulate and safely retain the flavouring agent completely within the sorbitol matrix, and the Dimick et al. preparation is inoperable for those flavouring agents that volatize at the processing temperatures above 70°C.
• flavouring composition comprising:
• a flavouring composition which comprises a mixture of the sugar alcohols, sorbitol and mannitol, together with a quantity of saccharin, and at least one flavouring agent dispersed within the mixture of the sugar alcohols and saccharin.
• the saccharin content of the mixture is approximately 3% by weight based on the mannitol content of the mixture, the actual limits of the ratio of saccharin to mannitol being determinable from the ranges of the contents of the saccharin and mannitol indicated above.
• the remainder of the present flavouring composition may comprise up to 11 % by weight of flavouring agent, and preferably up to 10% by weight.
• a portion of the aforementioned ingredients is added as seed particles containing sorbitol.
• the seed particles may either be derived from a previously prepared flavouring composition or may comprise sorbitol, alone.
• the seed particles are preferably added in an amount of up to 7% by weight, to promote crystallization of the composite, as described later herein.
• the sorbitol employed herein may be, but does not need to be, of the type that forms a gamma polymorphic crystal structure.
• One of the features of the present invention is that the presence of the mannitol and saccharin components, especially within the aforementioned proportions with respect to each other, substantially lowers the melting point of sorbitol, to within a temperature range that facilitates the efficient incorporation into the mixture of a variety of volatile flavouring agents.
• the eutectic mixture of sorbitol, mannitol and saccharin when prepared within the aforementioned ranges exhibits a melting point less than 70°C, which facilitates flavour addition without unwanted volatization or "flash off", and the corresponding loss of flavouring agent during preparation.
• the present invention provides a process for preparing a flavouring composition, which process comprises:
• the sorbitol crystallizes and solidifies rapidly, and the resulting flavouring composition may be quickly recovered, in sheet, droplet or particulate form.
• the present flavouring composition possesses a variety of applications, and may be incorporated with other ingredients as the flavour component of a variety of comestible products, including candy, chewing gums, and baked goods.
• the present composition in cast into droplet or tablet form, it forms individual sugarless candies which may be consumed as such.
• the present flavouring composition is prepared in granular form, to serve as flavour beads for addition to a variety of products where a long lasting flavour component is desirable.
• the present flavouring composition exhibits improved shelf stability, and may be stored for periods of up to a year with acceptable flavour loss.
• the present invention makes it possible to produce a flavouring composition utilizing sorbitol as a primary encapsulant, which contains a minimum of ingredients therein, and may be achieved by a process which is simply and rapidly practised.
• Both sorbitol and mannitol are well known sugar alcohols that have been utilized in comestible products as excipients, carriers sweeteners, and bulking agents in chewing gums. Both sorbitol and mannitol are available from natural plant sources, and may be prepared by the electrolytic reduction of glucose, and by techniques well known in the art.
• One of the features of the present invention comprises the combination of sorbitol, mannitol and saccharin, to facilitate the use of sorbitol as an encapsulating medium for a flavouring agent.
• sorbitol alone possesses an undesirably high congealing point, of the order of about 90°C, that renders the incorporation of many volatile flavouring agents impractical or impossible.
• the combination of mannitol and saccharin, in the proportions with respect to each other whereby saccharin is present in an amount of about 3% by weight of the mannitol, modifies the thermal properties of sorbitol in combination therewith, and, in effect, forms a lowered congealing point eutectic, that facilitates the addition and incorporation thereinto of flavouring agents.
• flavouring agents suitable for use in the compositions of the present invention are all of the flavouring agents well known for use in food applications.
• flavouring agents may include those derived from essential oils, as well as those characterised as either natural or artificial fruit flavours.
• flavours within the scope of the present invention would include bean-derived flavours, wine-derived flavours and pungent materials commonly known as spices.
• flavouring agents suitable for use in the compositions of the present invention include essential oils such as cinnamon, spearmint, peppermint, birch, anise and the like; natural fruit flavours derived from the essence of fruits such as apple, pear, peach, strawberry, cherry, apricot, orange, watermelon, banana and the like; bean-derived flavours such as coffee, cocoa and the like; wine-derived flavours such as curacao zin, other fermented fruit flavours, and the like; and pungent material such as affinin, pepper, mustard and the like.
• essential oils such as cinnamon, spearmint, peppermint, birch, anise and the like
• natural fruit flavours derived from the essence of fruits such as apple, pear, peach, strawberry, cherry, apricot, orange, watermelon, banana and the like
• bean-derived flavours such as coffee, cocoa and the like
• wine-derived flavours such as curacao zin, other fermented fruit flavours, and the like
• flavouring agents may be employed and prepared individually, or, where appropriate, may be employed and prepared in combination with each other.
• the above flavouring agents may be individually incorporated within the sorbitol mixture, and may thereafter be granulated and mixed in combination with each other to impart specific flavour effects to food products.
• the amount of flavouring agent incorporated into the sorbitol mixture may vary widely, depending in part upon the thermal properties of the individual flavouring agent, as well as upon the specific product being prepared. For example, in the instance where the flavouring agent is relatively stable at the temperature at which it is added to the sorbitol mixture, a greater quantity of flavouring agent may be easily added to form the desired flavouring composition. Further, in the instance where a sorbitol candy is to be prepared, the amount of flavouring composition added to the candy may differ from the instances where the prepared flavouring composition is to be granulated and utilized as flavour crystals for incorporation into another food product.
• the present flavouring composition may contain up to about 11% by weight of flavouring agent, and preferably up to about 10% by weight of such flavouring agent, with amounts ranging from 0.1 % by weight to 10% being most preferred.
• the exact amount of flavouring agent may vary within the scope of the present invention.
• the present flavouring composition may include various ingestible colourants, suitable for food application.
• pigments such as titanium dioxide as well as dyes suitable for food, drug and cosmetic applications, known as F. D. & C. dyes and lakes
• Acceptable dyes and lakes are preferably water-soluble, and include indigoid dye, known as F. D. & C Blue No. 2, which is the disodium salt of 5,5' - indigotindi- sulphonic acid.
• the flavouring compositions include up to about 7% by weight, based on the weight of the total composite, of seed particles containing a quantity of sorbitol.
• the seed particles may be derived from previously prepared quantities of the flavouring composition, or may comprise ground crystals or fines of sorbitol alone. The seed particles are added for the purpose of initiating the solidification of the sorbitol mixture, after the flavouring agent has been incorporated therein.
• the present invention confers an economy of manufacture.
• the seed particles of this embodiment may possess a composition that is equivalent in materials and their amounts, to the mixture under preparation, though some variation may exist from batch to batch.
• the flavouring agent incorporated in the seed particles may correspond to that of the composition under preparation, seed particles having a differing flavouring agent may be selected and used, in the instance where the respective flavours may be favourably compatible and in combination would yield a desirable flavour effect.
• such crystals may be prepared from a particular variety of sorbitol having a crystalline structure known as the gamma crystalline polymorph.
• This specific crystalline structure, and its associated method of preparation, are disclosed in U.S. Patent No. 3,973,041, to DuRoss, accordingly incorporated herein.
• Sorbitol prepared thereby possesses a heat of fusion ranging from 38 to 46 calories per gram, and a melting range of from 96° to 101°C, and purportedly offers improved shelf stability in confectionery products.
• Sorbitol having the gamma polymorphic crystal structure can be prepared merely from seed crystals having this structure, as they will promote the formation by the sorbitol present in the remainder of the batch, of a flavouring composition having sorbitol with the same crystal structure.
• the sorbitol in the remainder of the batch may likewise originate in the gamma form; however, this is unnecessary.
• the promotion of gamma crystal formation in the entire batch by this selective seeding technique assures that those fines retrieved from the granulation of the batch, will contain gamma crystalline sorbitol useful for seeding subsequent composition batches.
• the first step comprises the admixing of the sorbitol, mannitol and saccharin components. These materials may be combined in granularform prior to being heated, or may be individually heated and then mixed as liquids.
• the sorbitol, mannitol and saccharin are heated to a temperature of the order of about 200°C, to form an essentially stable, clear liquid.
• a slight brownish tint is sometimes observed due to slight caramelization of the sorbitol.
• water vapour evolution is observed and slight boiling takes place.
• any colouring desired in the final composite may be added.
• the above mixture is thereafter cooled to a temperature below 70°C. Cooling may be conducted on a cold water bath, and the mixture may be slightly agitated. Naturally, other techniques and means for cooling the mixture may be employed, and the invention is not limited to the specific use of a water bath.
• the flavouring agent may be added with sufficient agitation to disperse thoroughly the flavouring agent in the mixture.
• an advantage of the present invention is that the flavouring agent may be incorporated at this lower temperature, with a resulting minimization of flavour loss due to volatization or "flash off". Thus, greater quantities of flavouring agent may be added and incorporated into the present composite.
• the flavouring agent is preferably added slowly while under agitation to achieve thorough mixing, and preferably is added in aliquot portions, to minimize surface residence of the flavouring agent on the sorbitol. It has been found that, if the complete incorporation of the flavouring agent into the sorbitol is not achieved, and some flavouring agent remains on the surface of the sorbitol, the flavouring agent remaining on the sorbitol surface may volatize due to the action of the mixer.
• the flavouring agent After the addition of the flavouring agent is complete, one or more of the types of seed particles mentioned earlier, are added to the resulting mixture, to promote solidification.
• the seed particles are likewise added under agitation which is maintained for a time and intensity sufficient to incorporate thoroughly the seeds into the mixture.
• the mixture is now ready for solidification, and may be moulded to a variety of shapes, depending upon the contemplated end use.
• the composite while still liquid may be cast upon a flat surface, to form a sheet.
• casting may be performed against a moving cooled surface, in which case the material will solidify during its travel and form a continuous sheet.
• the liquid may be cast into individual trays, so that separate sheets will form.
• the liquid mixture may be cast into trays having defined therein recesses appropriately shaped so that the resulting solid .flavouring composition will comprise a plurality of tablets or droplets, suitable upon solidification, for consumption as sugarless candies.
• the sheets or tablets may be granulated to form particles or beads that may be incorporated into a variety of products as the flavouring component.
• the present flavouring composition upon solidification is ground to form particles having approximately 25 mesh size, for use as the flavouring component of a variety of products.
• the solid composite may be ground with a commercial granulator having a size 18 mesh screen.
• the particles passing therethrough are then placed on a 25 mesh screen, and particles remaining thereon are retained as the final granular product.
• the fines passing through both screens are gathered and may be later utilized as the seed particles for the preparation of further batches of the composition, as discussed earlier in detail.
• the present flavouring composition may be incorporated into a variety of products as the flavouring component, and, for example, may be utilized in chewing gums, either alone, or in combination with other flavour forms.
• the beads or particles may be used in combination with flavour additives in powdered or liquid form, or both, to provide a composite flavour sensation.
• the present flavouring compositions provide prolonged flavour sensation and release, and could thereby be used in cooperation with the same or different flavours within a given product, to provide a continuous flavour release extending over an increased time span.
• flavouring compositions of the present invention are useful in a comestible product, in addition to their preparation as sugarless candies, and as the flavour constituent of chewing gums.
• the present flavouring composition may be utilized to provide both flavour and sweetness to foods such as breakfast cereals, dairy product and analogue toppings, flavoured fillings for baked goods, and the like.
• a flavouring composition was prepared which utilized 77.85% sorbitol, 10% spearmint flavour, 5% mannitol, 0.15% saccharin and 7% of seed particles of similar composition derived from an earlier preparation.
• the sorbitol, mannitol and saccharin were mixed and heated to about 200°C, and thereafter cooled on a water bath with slight agitation to about 68°C.
• the flavouring agent was added slowly in aliquot portions, and with sufficient agitation to achieve thorough mixing. Thereafter, the seeds were incorporated with agitation and the resulting mixture was poured into trays to solidify.
• the resulting sheets of flavouring composition were ground in a Stokes granulator through a size 18 mesh screen. The particule passing through the screen were then placed on a 25 mesh screen and those particles remaining thereon were recovered for incorporation into comestible products. The particles were thereafter tested for shelf life, and found to retain majority of the flavour over periods of time of up to one year.
• Example II A similar formulation was prepared to that disclosed in Example I, with the exception that Kohnstamm Imitation Cherry Oil P798 was utilized as cherry flavour (instead of the spearmint), and was added in an amount of about 2%.
• the quantities of mannitol, saccharin and seed particles remained the same, with the balance comprising sorbitol.
• the preparation of this flavouring composition otherwise proceeded identically to that of Example I, and the resulting flavour beads were similarly tested for shelf life, and found to retain their flavour over similar storage periods.
• flavouring compositions were prepared in the manner set forth in Example I, with the respective flavours listed in Table I, below. Each of the flavouring compositions was prepared and tested in both chunk form, derived after solidification and initial fracture of the sheet material, as well as after granulation. The respective samples were initially categorized for the theoretical amount of total flavouring agent incorporated, and were thereafter actually measured to determine the total amount of flavouring agent actually contained, and the respective percentages of that flavouring agent actually encapsulated, as well as disposed on the surface of the composite. The results of these measurements is likewise set forth in Table I.
• a series of chewing gum samples was prepared that utilized the ground particles of the flavouring compositions prepared in Example III, above.
• conventional sugarless chewing gum was modified to provide two variations of sorbitol flavouring compositions incorporation: in a first modification, the sorbitol beads containing the flavour replaced 20% of the liquid flavour conventionally employed; in the second modification, sorbitol beads replaced 20% of the liquid flavour, and an additional 10% of flavour was added in the form of a further quantity of sorbitol beads.
• the actual amount of beads utilized to provide the foregoing percentages of liquid flavour replacement was derived from the measurements of total flavour and encapsulated flavour of the samples of ground composites set forth in Table I, above.
• Example III Each of the flavours set forth in Example III was therefore prepared in two variations, and a third control sample was likewise prepared to facilitate panel testing of each flavour.
• a panel of four adults was given a total of fifteen samples, representing each of the five flavours initially investigated in Example III.
• Each of the panelists chewed the respective samples for an identical period of time, and recorded subjective observations of flavour delivery.
• the general conclusions derived from the individual observations of the panelists are set forth below with reference to each of the five flavour categories.
• the sample containing 10% extra flavour provided by the further increment of flavour prepared in accordance with the present invention was found to be most balanced, with the best sweetness and flavour impact. The control was observed to be slow in delivery.
• the chewing gum having 10% additional flavour provided by the flavour-containing compositions of the present invention was found to have the best balance in sweetness and flavour impact. Likewise, the control was found to be slow in flavour delivery.
• the chewing gum prepared was 20% of the liquid flavour replaced by the flavour containing composite prepared by the present invention, was found to have the most rounded flavour and sweetness. The control was found to be over- sweet and the sample having 10% additional flavour was found to be harsh.
• the panel concluded that the major effect of the sorbitol-encapsulated flavour additions, was to change the delivery of the sweetness and flavour. As this effect was found to be favourable in some flavours and not in others, it was determined that flavour enhancement could be achieved when the proper level of the sorbitol-encapsulated flavour compositions was added. It was noted in conclusion that three out of the five flavours tested were improved by the substitution of the sorbitol-encapsulated flavour compositions for a like quantity of conventional liquid flavour.
• Flavour compositions prepared with similar composition to those disclosed above may be incorporated into the flavour ingredient of products such as chewing gums, in an amount, for example, of about 20% of the total flavour content, and flavour sensation of the chewing gum will be enhanced and extended.

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• Life Sciences & Earth Sciences (AREA)
• Health & Medical Sciences (AREA)
• Nutrition Science (AREA)
• Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
• Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
• Food Science & Technology (AREA)
• Polymers & Plastics (AREA)
• Proteomics, Peptides & Aminoacids (AREA)
• Confectionery (AREA)
• Seasonings (AREA)

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• 1981
  • 1981-10-15 US US06/311,572 patent/US4388328A/en not_active Expired - Fee Related
• 1982
  • 1982-09-22 ZA ZA826970A patent/ZA826970B/xx unknown
  • 1982-09-22 CA CA000411933A patent/CA1164722A/en not_active Expired
  • 1982-10-06 AU AU89167/82A patent/AU546974B2/en not_active Ceased
  • 1982-10-14 DE DE8282305456T patent/DE3264933D1/de not_active Expired
  • 1982-10-14 JP JP57179172A patent/JPS5953808B2/ja not_active Expired
  • 1982-10-14 EP EP82305456A patent/EP0077639B1/en not_active Expired
  • 1982-10-14 ES ES516500A patent/ES516500A0/es active Granted

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