EP0075228A2 - Revêtement céramique isolant thermique et résistant aux hautes températures ainsi qu'aux chocs thermiques - Google Patents

Revêtement céramique isolant thermique et résistant aux hautes températures ainsi qu'aux chocs thermiques Download PDF

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Publication number
EP0075228A2
EP0075228A2 EP82108405A EP82108405A EP0075228A2 EP 0075228 A2 EP0075228 A2 EP 0075228A2 EP 82108405 A EP82108405 A EP 82108405A EP 82108405 A EP82108405 A EP 82108405A EP 0075228 A2 EP0075228 A2 EP 0075228A2
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EP
European Patent Office
Prior art keywords
layers
layer
coating according
metal
ceramic
Prior art date
Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
Withdrawn
Application number
EP82108405A
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German (de)
English (en)
Other versions
EP0075228A3 (fr
Inventor
Eva Dr. Poeschel
Guido Weibel
Wolfgang Schwämmlein
Current Assignee (The listed assignees may be inaccurate. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation or warranty as to the accuracy of the list.)
Battelle Institut eV
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Battelle Institut eV
Priority date (The priority date is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the date listed.)
Filing date
Publication date
Application filed by Battelle Institut eV filed Critical Battelle Institut eV
Publication of EP0075228A2 publication Critical patent/EP0075228A2/fr
Publication of EP0075228A3 publication Critical patent/EP0075228A3/fr
Withdrawn legal-status Critical Current

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Classifications

    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F02—COMBUSTION ENGINES; HOT-GAS OR COMBUSTION-PRODUCT ENGINE PLANTS
    • F02F—CYLINDERS, PISTONS OR CASINGS, FOR COMBUSTION ENGINES; ARRANGEMENTS OF SEALINGS IN COMBUSTION ENGINES
    • F02F7/00—Casings, e.g. crankcases or frames
    • F02F7/0085—Materials for constructing engines or their parts
    • F02F7/0087—Ceramic materials
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C23—COATING METALLIC MATERIAL; COATING MATERIAL WITH METALLIC MATERIAL; CHEMICAL SURFACE TREATMENT; DIFFUSION TREATMENT OF METALLIC MATERIAL; COATING BY VACUUM EVAPORATION, BY SPUTTERING, BY ION IMPLANTATION OR BY CHEMICAL VAPOUR DEPOSITION, IN GENERAL; INHIBITING CORROSION OF METALLIC MATERIAL OR INCRUSTATION IN GENERAL
    • C23C—COATING METALLIC MATERIAL; COATING MATERIAL WITH METALLIC MATERIAL; SURFACE TREATMENT OF METALLIC MATERIAL BY DIFFUSION INTO THE SURFACE, BY CHEMICAL CONVERSION OR SUBSTITUTION; COATING BY VACUUM EVAPORATION, BY SPUTTERING, BY ION IMPLANTATION OR BY CHEMICAL VAPOUR DEPOSITION, IN GENERAL
    • C23C4/00—Coating by spraying the coating material in the molten state, e.g. by flame, plasma or electric discharge
    • C23C4/02—Pretreatment of the material to be coated, e.g. for coating on selected surface areas
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F02—COMBUSTION ENGINES; HOT-GAS OR COMBUSTION-PRODUCT ENGINE PLANTS
    • F02B—INTERNAL-COMBUSTION PISTON ENGINES; COMBUSTION ENGINES IN GENERAL
    • F02B77/00—Component parts, details or accessories, not otherwise provided for
    • F02B77/11—Thermal or acoustic insulation
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F05—INDEXING SCHEMES RELATING TO ENGINES OR PUMPS IN VARIOUS SUBCLASSES OF CLASSES F01-F04
    • F05C—INDEXING SCHEME RELATING TO MATERIALS, MATERIAL PROPERTIES OR MATERIAL CHARACTERISTICS FOR MACHINES, ENGINES OR PUMPS OTHER THAN NON-POSITIVE-DISPLACEMENT MACHINES OR ENGINES
    • F05C2201/00—Metals
    • F05C2201/02—Light metals
    • F05C2201/021—Aluminium
    • Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y10—TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC
    • Y10T—TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER US CLASSIFICATION
    • Y10T428/00—Stock material or miscellaneous articles
    • Y10T428/12—All metal or with adjacent metals
    • Y10T428/12493—Composite; i.e., plural, adjacent, spatially distinct metal components [e.g., layers, joint, etc.]
    • Y10T428/12535—Composite; i.e., plural, adjacent, spatially distinct metal components [e.g., layers, joint, etc.] with additional, spatially distinct nonmetal component
    • Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y10—TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC
    • Y10T—TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER US CLASSIFICATION
    • Y10T428/00—Stock material or miscellaneous articles
    • Y10T428/12—All metal or with adjacent metals
    • Y10T428/12493—Composite; i.e., plural, adjacent, spatially distinct metal components [e.g., layers, joint, etc.]
    • Y10T428/12535—Composite; i.e., plural, adjacent, spatially distinct metal components [e.g., layers, joint, etc.] with additional, spatially distinct nonmetal component
    • Y10T428/12611—Oxide-containing component
    • Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y10—TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC
    • Y10T—TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER US CLASSIFICATION
    • Y10T428/00—Stock material or miscellaneous articles
    • Y10T428/24—Structurally defined web or sheet [e.g., overall dimension, etc.]
    • Y10T428/24942—Structurally defined web or sheet [e.g., overall dimension, etc.] including components having same physical characteristic in differing degree
    • Y10T428/2495—Thickness [relative or absolute]
    • Y10T428/24967—Absolute thicknesses specified

Definitions

  • the invention relates to heat-insulating, high-temperature and thermal shock-resistant coating based on flame or plasma-sprayed ceramic materials.
  • High-temperature resistant coatings based on zirconium dioxide and / or zirconium silicate and nickel-aluminum or nickel-chromium alloys are known.
  • the concentration of the metal component is gradually changed from layer to layer in such a way that the concentration of metal is the lowest on the side facing the heat source.
  • the main disadvantage of such coatings is that their thickness is limited, since the individual layers of oxidic or silicate nature can only be sprayed up to certain layer thicknesses.
  • the thermal shock resistance of these coatings is limited and decreases with increasing layer. As a result, they are limited in their heat-insulating effect, which depends on the thickness.
  • the present invention is therefore based on the object of providing a largely heat-insulating, high-temperature and thermal shock-resistant coating of metallic substrates.
  • Claim 12 relates to the use of the coating according to the invention in combustion chambers of drive units with a reducing or oxidizing atmosphere.
  • the functional, heat-insulating coating does not consist of a monolithic individual layer, the thickness of which is limited to approximately 1-2 mm and over Different adhesion promoter layers must be permanently bonded to the base material, but consist of alternating layers of ceramic and cermet and / or ceramic and metal and / or cermet and metal. With this structure, larger layer thicknesses and thus better thermal insulation can be achieved. Despite the metal content in the invention. Moderate laminate - especially in the case of a structure made of very thin laminate layers - is the thermal insulation at higher temperatures of the same order of magnitude as that of the monolithic ceramic coatings according to the prior art. The mechanical resilience, e.g. on impact, as well as the thermal shock resistance are significantly improved compared to the ceramic coatings.
  • Zirconium dioxide stabilized with magnesium oxide, calcium oxide or yttrium oxide is preferably used in the coating according to the invention.
  • the decisive factor in the choice of the stabilizing oxide additive is the thermal load that occurs later in use.
  • yttrium oxide-stabilized zirconium dioxide can be used.
  • calcium oxide or magnesium oxide is sufficient.
  • zirconium oxide layers zirconium silicate layers or layers consisting of mixtures of zirconium dioxide and silicate can also be used.
  • the porosity of the ceramic layers is approximately 3-15% by volume.
  • the cermet layers consist e.g. made from stabilized zirconium dioxide and / or zirconium silicate and from a metal component.
  • Nickel-aluminum or nickel-chromium-aluminum alloys are preferably used as metals.
  • the metal layers also present in the laminate preferably consist of the same alloys that are also present in the cermet layers.
  • Coatings of high resilience and resistance to thermal shock are obtained by means of layers of the layer sequences according to the invention which are as thin as possible.
  • the total thickness of the laminate is preferably between 0.2 and 10 mm, the individual layers having a thickness between 5 and 1000 ⁇ m, preferably 50 to 200 ⁇ m.
  • the minimum achievable layer thickness is specified by the grain size of the powder used and is approximately in the range of 5 ⁇ m.
  • the individual layers can have the same or different thicknesses.
  • the repeating metal and cermet layers can have equal thicknesses, while the thickness of the repeating ceramic layers gradually increases towards the top layer.
  • the ceramic layers can have the same layer thickness, while the thickness of the metal and cermet layers gradually decreases towards the cover layer. It is also possible to provide ceramic layers which gradually become thicker towards the top layer with metal layers or cermet layers gradually thinning towards the top layer. A further modification can be achieved by continuously reducing the metal content in the cermetic layers towards the cover layer.
  • the side of the coating facing the heat source is preferably provided with a ceramic, corrosion- or wear-resistant layer.
  • known layer systems consist of a metallic substrate 1, a metallic adhesive layer 2, usually several cermetic intermediate layers 3 and a ceramic cover layer 4.
  • the coefficients of thermal expansion of substrate 1 and ceramic cover layer 4 generally have considerable differences. To compensate for this, as many cermetic intermediate layers 3 as possible are provided between substrate 1 and cover layer 4. However, the overall layer thickness is limited in such an arrangement. In known systems, such total layer thicknesses of about 2 mm are achieved. If one goes beyond this thickness, the thermal shock resistance, which must be present, decreases considerably.
  • the coating according to the invention results from FIG. 2.
  • the layer structure according to the invention gives coatings which can withstand high thermal loads, are resistant to thermal shock and are heat-insulating. The resistance to thermal shock increases with decreasing thickness of the individual layers of the layer sequence or the laminate.
  • the layers provided according to FIG. 2 are applied by means of flame or plasma spraying known per se, cf. H.S. Ingham and A.P. Shopärd, Metco Flame Spray Handbook, Volume III, Plasma Flame Process, Metco Ltd., Chobham, Woking, England 1965. Flame or plasma spraying also offers the possibility of using the coating according to the invention in relatively complex components, for example non-planar surfaces, depressions having piston heads, tube walls or the like
  • layers 5 and 6 can also consist of cermet and metal.
  • the layer sequence between cover layer 4 and adhesive layer 2 can consist of a four-layer or six-layer sequence of ceramic cermet, and / or ceramic metal and / or cermet metal.
  • Example 1 metal / cermet laminate structure
  • a cylindrical core shape made of aluminum was heated, sodium chloride solution was sprayed on and further heated to 300 ° C.
  • the thermal barrier coatings according to Table 1 were then applied using the plasma gun. Nickel was applied as the outermost layer, which made it possible to solder the pipe segment into the intended tubular component.
  • Pipe No. 1 was made up of five layer sequences, tube No. 2 from 11 and tube No. 3 from 20 layer sequences.
  • the tubes had a 50 ⁇ m thick nickel layer on the outside.
  • pipe no. 1 and no. 2 did not withstand the thermal stresses when cooling after the soldering. Satisfactory results were achieved with the third pipe section, with a total wall thickness of 1.2 mm.
  • Example 2 (ceramic / cermet - laminate structure):
  • Piston plate No. 1 had six layer sequences, piston plate No. 2, 12 layer sequences and piston plate No. 3 finally 24 layer sequences.
  • the last layer in each case had a layer thickness of 200 ⁇ m in deviation from Table 2. All three piston crowns were subjected to a test run of 10 hours in a diesel engine (1 cylinder test engine MWM KD 12E) without the coating being damaged.
  • Example 3/4 metal / ceramic and ceramic / cermet / ceramic / metal laminate structure
  • the layer sequence given in Table 3 was sprayed onto one inlet and one outlet valve (diameter 50 mm). Since both thermal and mechanical loads act on valves, additional metallic layers were installed in the layer sequence to further improve the impact resistance. This structure is shown in Table 4. The valves were also subjected to a test run of 100 h in the test engine described, without the coatings being damaged.

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  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
  • Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
  • General Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
  • Combustion & Propulsion (AREA)
  • Plasma & Fusion (AREA)
  • Ceramic Engineering (AREA)
  • Acoustics & Sound (AREA)
  • Chemical Kinetics & Catalysis (AREA)
  • Materials Engineering (AREA)
  • Metallurgy (AREA)
  • Organic Chemistry (AREA)
  • Coating By Spraying Or Casting (AREA)
  • Laminated Bodies (AREA)
  • Other Surface Treatments For Metallic Materials (AREA)
EP82108405A 1981-09-23 1982-09-11 Revêtement céramique isolant thermique et résistant aux hautes températures ainsi qu'aux chocs thermiques Withdrawn EP0075228A3 (fr)

Applications Claiming Priority (2)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
DE19813137731 DE3137731A1 (de) 1981-09-23 1981-09-23 Hochtemperatur- und thermoschockbestaendige kompaktwerkstoffe und beschichtungen
DE3137731 1981-09-23

Publications (2)

Publication Number Publication Date
EP0075228A2 true EP0075228A2 (fr) 1983-03-30
EP0075228A3 EP0075228A3 (fr) 1984-04-25

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Family Applications (1)

Application Number Title Priority Date Filing Date
EP82108405A Withdrawn EP0075228A3 (fr) 1981-09-23 1982-09-11 Revêtement céramique isolant thermique et résistant aux hautes températures ainsi qu'aux chocs thermiques

Country Status (5)

Country Link
US (1) US4471017A (fr)
EP (1) EP0075228A3 (fr)
JP (1) JPS58140380A (fr)
CA (1) CA1186568A (fr)
DE (1) DE3137731A1 (fr)

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EP0123952A2 (fr) * 1983-04-29 1984-11-07 Goetze Ag Revêtement résistant à l'usure
EP0136741A1 (fr) * 1983-08-24 1985-04-10 KOLBENSCHMIDT Aktiengesellschaft Piston pour moteurs à combustion interne
EP0170359A1 (fr) * 1984-07-02 1986-02-05 Energy Conversion Devices, Inc. Revêtement à multicouches
EP0183638A1 (fr) * 1984-11-28 1986-06-04 United Technologies Corporation Procédé pour appliquer une couche métallocéramique à gradation continue à des substrats métalliques
EP0217991A1 (fr) * 1985-10-04 1987-04-15 Repco Limited Revêtement céramique
EP0221873A2 (fr) * 1985-11-08 1987-05-13 Oktan Aktiebolag Machine à combustion interne ne nécessitant qu'un indice d'octane peu élevé
WO1988008926A1 (fr) * 1987-05-08 1988-11-17 Oktan Ab Agencement pour les surfaces de la chambre de combustion d'un moteur a combustion interne
EP0367434A2 (fr) * 1988-11-01 1990-05-09 Fosbel International Limited Soudage d'un cermet
WO1993024672A1 (fr) * 1992-05-29 1993-12-09 United Technologies Corporation Revetement en ceramique formant une barriere thermique pour pieces soumises a des cycles thermiques rapides
US5534308A (en) * 1993-02-04 1996-07-09 Mtu Motoren-Und Turbinen-Union Munchen Gmbh Ceramic, Heat insulation layer on metal structural part and process for its manufacture
RU2493813C2 (ru) * 2011-12-27 2013-09-27 Федеральное государственное бюджетное образовательное учреждение высшего профессионального образования "Тольяттинский государственный университет" Способ получения металлокерамических покрытий на поверхности зубных протезов
AT517589A4 (de) * 2015-07-03 2017-03-15 Ge Jenbacher Gmbh & Co Og Kolben für eine Brennkraftmaschine
CN112111702A (zh) * 2020-10-13 2020-12-22 中国南方电网有限责任公司超高压输电公司柳州局 一种高致密度、耐腐蚀梯度金属陶瓷复合涂层及其喷涂方法
DE102022127482A1 (de) 2022-10-19 2024-04-25 Htm Reetz Gmbh Verfahren zur Herstellung einer Wärmedämmung für einen Hochtemperatur-Rohrofen und Wärmedämmung für einen Hochtemperatur-Rohrofen

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US6306515B1 (en) 1998-08-12 2001-10-23 Siemens Westinghouse Power Corporation Thermal barrier and overlay coating systems comprising composite metal/metal oxide bond coating layers
DE19942857C2 (de) * 1999-09-08 2001-07-05 Sulzer Metco Ag Wohlen Durch Plasmaspritzen erzeugte dicke Schichten auf Aluminiumoxid-Basis
JP4520626B2 (ja) * 2000-11-27 2010-08-11 池袋琺瑯工業株式会社 グラスライニングの施工方法
US6652987B2 (en) * 2001-07-06 2003-11-25 United Technologies Corporation Reflective coatings to reduce radiation heat transfer
US6655369B2 (en) * 2001-08-01 2003-12-02 Diesel Engine Transformations Llc Catalytic combustion surfaces and method for creating catalytic combustion surfaces
US6508240B1 (en) 2001-09-18 2003-01-21 Federal-Mogul World Wide, Inc. Cylinder liner having EGR coating
WO2003072845A1 (fr) * 2002-02-28 2003-09-04 Koncentra Holding Ab Pulverisation thermique d'un segment de piston
JP2005519190A (ja) * 2002-02-28 2005-06-30 マン ビーアンドダブリュ ディーゼル エー／エス 機械部品の溶射
EP1629924B1 (fr) * 2003-06-04 2012-08-01 Mitsubishi Denki Kabushiki Kaisha Buse pour usinage laser,buse de soudage ou buse contact pour soudage ; methode de fabrication de telle buse
US9771861B2 (en) 2014-09-09 2017-09-26 Avl Powertrain Engineering, Inc. Opposed piston two-stroke engine with thermal barrier
CN104438339A (zh) * 2014-10-16 2015-03-25 绍兴斯普瑞微纳科技有限公司 一种轧辊修复层及修复轧辊的方法
US9845764B2 (en) 2015-03-31 2017-12-19 Achates Power, Inc. Cylinder liner for an opposed-piston engine
JP6559454B2 (ja) * 2015-04-02 2019-08-14 株式会社東芝 レーザ溶接ヘッド
US10519854B2 (en) 2015-11-20 2019-12-31 Tenneco Inc. Thermally insulated engine components and method of making using a ceramic coating
US10578050B2 (en) 2015-11-20 2020-03-03 Tenneco Inc. Thermally insulated steel piston crown and method of making using a ceramic coating
DE102017111262A1 (de) * 2017-05-23 2018-11-29 Man Truck & Bus Ag Wärmeisoliertes Lufteinlasssystem für einen Verbrennungsmotor
CN114853486A (zh) * 2022-04-22 2022-08-05 江苏盛耐新材料有限公司 一种抗热震性复合水口砖的制备方法

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FR1500175A (fr) * 1965-08-06 1967-11-03 Montedison Spa Revêtements protecteurs sur matériaux métalliques, ferreux ou non, capables de former écran antioxydant et écran thermique, obtenus par combinaison des poudres d'unalliage métallique, d'un métal et d'un oxyde
FR2226469A1 (fr) * 1973-04-23 1974-11-15 Toyo Calorizing Ind Co
DE2521286A1 (de) * 1975-05-13 1976-11-18 Kawasaki Heavy Ind Ltd Verfahren zur drahtexplosionsspruehbeschichtung von gleitflaechen
FR2378576A1 (fr) * 1977-01-27 1978-08-25 Europ Propulsion Procede pour le depot d'une poudre sur un substrat notamment pour la realisation d'elements d'isolation multicouches

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Cited By (22)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
EP0123952A3 (en) * 1983-04-29 1985-05-02 Goetze Ag Wear-resistant coating
US4612256A (en) * 1983-04-29 1986-09-16 Goetze Ag Wear-resistant coating
EP0123952A2 (fr) * 1983-04-29 1984-11-07 Goetze Ag Revêtement résistant à l'usure
EP0136741A1 (fr) * 1983-08-24 1985-04-10 KOLBENSCHMIDT Aktiengesellschaft Piston pour moteurs à combustion interne
EP0170359A1 (fr) * 1984-07-02 1986-02-05 Energy Conversion Devices, Inc. Revêtement à multicouches
EP0183638A1 (fr) * 1984-11-28 1986-06-04 United Technologies Corporation Procédé pour appliquer une couche métallocéramique à gradation continue à des substrats métalliques
EP0217991A1 (fr) * 1985-10-04 1987-04-15 Repco Limited Revêtement céramique
EP0221873A2 (fr) * 1985-11-08 1987-05-13 Oktan Aktiebolag Machine à combustion interne ne nécessitant qu'un indice d'octane peu élevé
EP0221873A3 (en) * 1985-11-08 1988-07-06 Oktan Aktiebolag An internal combustion engine having low octane number requirements
US4941439A (en) * 1987-05-08 1990-07-17 Oktan Ab Combustion chamber surfaces of an internal combustion engine
WO1988008926A1 (fr) * 1987-05-08 1988-11-17 Oktan Ab Agencement pour les surfaces de la chambre de combustion d'un moteur a combustion interne
EP0367434A2 (fr) * 1988-11-01 1990-05-09 Fosbel International Limited Soudage d'un cermet
EP0367434A3 (fr) * 1988-11-01 1991-04-10 Fosbel International Limited Soudage d'un cermet
WO1993024672A1 (fr) * 1992-05-29 1993-12-09 United Technologies Corporation Revetement en ceramique formant une barriere thermique pour pieces soumises a des cycles thermiques rapides
US5534308A (en) * 1993-02-04 1996-07-09 Mtu Motoren-Und Turbinen-Union Munchen Gmbh Ceramic, Heat insulation layer on metal structural part and process for its manufacture
US5721057A (en) * 1993-02-04 1998-02-24 Mtu Motoren-Und Turbinen-Union Munchen Gmgh Ceramic, heat insulation layer on metal structural part and process for its manufacture
RU2493813C2 (ru) * 2011-12-27 2013-09-27 Федеральное государственное бюджетное образовательное учреждение высшего профессионального образования "Тольяттинский государственный университет" Способ получения металлокерамических покрытий на поверхности зубных протезов
AT517589A4 (de) * 2015-07-03 2017-03-15 Ge Jenbacher Gmbh & Co Og Kolben für eine Brennkraftmaschine
AT517589B1 (de) * 2015-07-03 2017-03-15 Ge Jenbacher Gmbh & Co Og Kolben für eine Brennkraftmaschine
US10634090B2 (en) 2015-07-03 2020-04-28 Ge Jenbacher Gmbh & Co Og Piston for an internal combustion engine
CN112111702A (zh) * 2020-10-13 2020-12-22 中国南方电网有限责任公司超高压输电公司柳州局 一种高致密度、耐腐蚀梯度金属陶瓷复合涂层及其喷涂方法
DE102022127482A1 (de) 2022-10-19 2024-04-25 Htm Reetz Gmbh Verfahren zur Herstellung einer Wärmedämmung für einen Hochtemperatur-Rohrofen und Wärmedämmung für einen Hochtemperatur-Rohrofen

Also Published As

Publication number Publication date
EP0075228A3 (fr) 1984-04-25
CA1186568A (fr) 1985-05-07
JPS58140380A (ja) 1983-08-20
JPH0343339B2 (fr) 1991-07-02
DE3137731A1 (de) 1983-04-14
US4471017A (en) 1984-09-11

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