EP0074361B1 - Sail with variable propulsing and lifting effects - Google Patents

Sail with variable propulsing and lifting effects Download PDF

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Publication number
EP0074361B1
EP0074361B1 EP82900642A EP82900642A EP0074361B1 EP 0074361 B1 EP0074361 B1 EP 0074361B1 EP 82900642 A EP82900642 A EP 82900642A EP 82900642 A EP82900642 A EP 82900642A EP 0074361 B1 EP0074361 B1 EP 0074361B1
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EP
European Patent Office
Prior art keywords
sail
tubes
sail according
framework
tube
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Expired
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EP82900642A
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German (de)
French (fr)
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EP0074361A1 (en
Inventor
Roland Claude Joseph Le Bail
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LE BAIL Roland Claude Joseph
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Individual
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Priority to AT82900642T priority Critical patent/ATE17557T1/en
Publication of EP0074361A1 publication Critical patent/EP0074361A1/en
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    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B63—SHIPS OR OTHER WATERBORNE VESSELS; RELATED EQUIPMENT
    • B63H—MARINE PROPULSION OR STEERING
    • B63H8/00—Sail or rigging arrangements specially adapted for water sports boards, e.g. for windsurfing or kitesurfing
    • B63H8/20—Rigging arrangements involving masts, e.g. for windsurfing
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B63—SHIPS OR OTHER WATERBORNE VESSELS; RELATED EQUIPMENT
    • B63H—MARINE PROPULSION OR STEERING
    • B63H8/00—Sail or rigging arrangements specially adapted for water sports boards, e.g. for windsurfing or kitesurfing
    • B63H8/10—Kite-sails; Kite-wings; Control thereof; Safety means therefor
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B63—SHIPS OR OTHER WATERBORNE VESSELS; RELATED EQUIPMENT
    • B63H—MARINE PROPULSION OR STEERING
    • B63H8/00—Sail or rigging arrangements specially adapted for water sports boards, e.g. for windsurfing or kitesurfing
    • B63H8/40—Arrangements for improving or maintaining the aerodynamic profile of sails, e.g. cambers, battens or foil profiles

Definitions

  • the present invention relates to a new type of sail for gear such as windsurfing, sand yachting, sailing boat and more generally for all board sports such as for example skiing and ice skating and casters.
  • the sails currently used have the characteristic, whatever their shape, of using the force of the wind by pivoting around a vertical axis; the propellant component then being perpendicular to this axis.
  • the present sail belongs to this new type of sail capable of orienting itself along the three axes in order to obtain propulsive and lift effects at will.
  • the present invention relates to a sail which has a stable convex profile of the gull wing type. Indeed, a concave profile always tends to turn over in strong wind since if one moves it away from its position of equilibrium where the two halves of the sail offer the same surface, perpendicular to the wind, one of the halves receives more and more wind while the other receives less and less, unlike a convex “V” profile which always tends to bring the sail back to its equilibrium position.
  • a convex “V” profile facilitates the flow of air, and during gusts, it tends to close, thereby dampening the swings in the wind.
  • a sail with variable propulsive and lift effects comprising support and return elements allowing changes of edge, and comprising a single wing without thickness and mounted on a frame having a leading edge of shaped “V diverging towards the rear known from document DE-A-2833616 is characterized in that it has a strongly curved central section, in the vicinity of the top of the leading edge, concave in the wind and progressively continuing more straight towards its end and a trailing edge joining the two ends of the leading edge of said rear end to form two divergent sides.
  • the central section can be slightly convex and its rear end to present an asymmetrical S shape.
  • the sail may have a support element remote from the wing under the latter and two return bars diverging forward from said rear end, for example forming a triangular system with the support bar.
  • the sail comprises a framework of substantially rigid elongated elements, in particular tubular, and a wing stretched over the framework with, preferably, a set of pre-cambered slats concave to the wind near the leading edge.
  • the connections between the frame elements can advantageously be flexible to facilitate a certain deformability of the sail, the shape of which is maintained by its own tension.
  • FIG. 1 is a side view and from below
  • FIG. 2 is a view from below
  • FIG. 3 is a front view with a small rotation
  • Figures 4 and 5 are detail views.
  • the sail 1 with a stable convex profile in the form of gull's alleys is made up of a set of trapezoidal portions of fabric made up together giving it the general appearance of a sector of a circle and provided with two transparent windows 2 for good operator's vision.
  • the sail 1 is stretched over a light alloy frame composed of: two border tubes 3 fitted into a curved front tube 4, a central tube 7 slightly bent along an “S” profile serving to form the convex transverse “V” profile by the action of the two stretching tubes 5 on the link 12 and finally a curved support tube 6.
  • the border tubes 3 pass inside strips of leather respectively secured by means of the screws 15 of the stretching tubes 5 and of the support tube 6 before fitting into the interior of the curved front tube 4 bearing on the stops 17; the tanks 16 hold the tubes 5 and the tube in position 6.
  • the detail 12 in FIG. 5 shows the stretching of the sail using the cords 19 passing through the eyelet 18.
  • the sail can be used alone or optionally connected to a mast 20 of the vehicle to be propelled.
  • the mast 20 can for example be connected to the machine by a first ball joint 21 while the other end is connected to the sail by a sleeve 22 sliding on the support bar 6 with a second ball joint 23.
  • edge changes are made by planking the sail followed by passing it over the operator's head with immediate wind pickup on the other edge; this technique is much easier and faster than the conventional way of changing edges by tilting the mast backwards and passing the operator in front of it, as is done with the current sails of windsurfers.
  • the multiple possible orientations of the sail make it possible to create a propulsive force having the effect of pulling the machine forward and upwards and this more or less large lift depending on the desired size of the sail must also allow high speeds due to the resulting aqua-planning effect for light vehicles.

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  • Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Combustion & Propulsion (AREA)
  • Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
  • Ocean & Marine Engineering (AREA)
  • Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
  • Fluid Mechanics (AREA)
  • Professional, Industrial, Or Sporting Protective Garments (AREA)
  • Toys (AREA)
  • Mold Materials And Core Materials (AREA)
  • Laminated Bodies (AREA)

Abstract

New sail for sailing boards, snow skies, ice skates and roller skates and more generally to all slide sports. The sail (1) with a stable convex profile having the shape of the wings of a gull is comprised of a fabric having the shape of a circle sector provided with two transparent windows (2) and tensioned on a light alloy frame comprising two edge tubes (3) nested in a curved front tube (4), a slightly bent central tube (7) forming a 'V' by the action of two sail tautening tubes (5) on the connection (12) and, a curved supporting tube (6). The sail is tensionned by means 'velcro' attachments at its extremities (9) and by precambered battens (8) also attached by 'velcro' (10). The sail presenting only one side to the wind may be constructed with rigid materials so as to further increase the aerodynamic efficiency.

Description

La présente invention concerne un nouveau type de voile pour des engins tels que la planche à voile, le char à voile, le bateau à voile et plus généralement pour tous les sports de glisse tels que par exemple le ski et le patin à glace et à roulettes.The present invention relates to a new type of sail for gear such as windsurfing, sand yachting, sailing boat and more generally for all board sports such as for example skiing and ice skating and casters.

Les voiles actuellement utilisées ont pour caractéristique, quelle que soit leur forme, de se servir de la force du vent en pivotant autour d'un axe vertical ; la composante propulsive étant alors perpendiculaire à cet axe.The sails currently used have the characteristic, whatever their shape, of using the force of the wind by pivoting around a vertical axis; the propellant component then being perpendicular to this axis.

Un certain nombre de brevets qui décrivent de nouvelles voiles capables de se régler suivant les trois dimensions ont cependant été déposés. Le plus ancien brevet et sans aucun doute celui qui décrit le mieux les caractéristiques de ces nouvelles voiles est celui déposé par Rudow Rummler le 14 janvier 1935 aux Etats-Unis dont le numéro est 2170 914 ; les figures 1 à 10 sont en particulier très explicites. Deux autres brevets américains, celui de Hugh Perrin, déposé le 15 mai 1968 dont le numéro est 3 455 261 décrit une voile cerf- volant à l'aide des figures de 1 à 5, et celui de Spivack déposé le 9 décembre 1975 propose une voile pour patins à glace. Un brevet français déposé par Jean-Paul Lenoble en février 1972 dont le numéro est 2 173 389 reprend avec force détails et quelques montages particuliers essentiellement les mêmes principes de voilure déjà bien décrits par le brevet américain de Rudow Rummler. Un autre brevet américain déposé par Grey M. Gurley en mars 1978 dont le numéro est 4 077 345 particularise le type de voile précédent en l'orientant autour d'un axe oblique fixé à l'avant d'un bateau. Enfin, un dernier brevet allemand déposé par Gunter M. Voss en février 1980 et dont le numéro est 2833616 qui correspond au préambule de la revendication 1 de la présente demande concerne une voile spécialisée aux planches à voile.A certain number of patents which describe new sails capable of adjusting according to the three dimensions have however been filed. The oldest patent and undoubtedly the one that best describes the characteristics of these new sails is that filed by Rudow Rummler on January 14, 1935 in the United States whose number is 2170 914; Figures 1 to 10 are in particular very explicit. Two other American patents, that of Hugh Perrin, deposited on May 15, 1968 whose number is 3,455,261 describes a kite sail with the aid of Figures 1 to 5, and that of Spivack deposited on December 9, 1975 proposes a sail for ice skates. A French patent filed by Jean-Paul Lenoble in February 1972 whose number is 2,173,389 takes up with great detail and some particular assemblies essentially the same principles of wing already well described by the American patent of Rudow Rummler. Another American patent deposited by Gray M. Gurley in March 1978 whose number is 4,077,345 particularizes the previous type of sail by orienting it around an oblique axis fixed to the front of a boat. Finally, a last German patent filed by Gunter M. Voss in February 1980 and whose number is 2833616 which corresponds to the preamble of claim 1 of the present application relates to a specialized sail for windsurfing boards.

La présente voile appartient à ce nouveau type de voile capable de s'orienter suivant les trois axes afin d'obtenir à volonté des effets propulseurs et de sustentation. Cependant, à la différence de tous les brevets précédemment cités, qui décrivent tous des voiles à forme transversale concave. La présente invention a pour objet une voile qui a un profil convexe stable du type aile de goéland. En effet, un profil concave a toujours tendance à se retourner par fort vent puisque si on l'écarte de sa position d'équilibre où les deux moitiés de la voile offrent la même surface, perpendiculairement au vent, une des moitiés reçoit de plus en plus de vent tandis que l'autre en reçoit de moins en moins à l'inverse d'un profil convexe en « V » qui tend toujours à ramener la voile à sa position d'équilibre. En outre, un profil convexe en « V facilite l'écoulement de l'air, et lors de rafales, il a tendance à se refermer en amortissant de ce fait les sautes de vent.The present sail belongs to this new type of sail capable of orienting itself along the three axes in order to obtain propulsive and lift effects at will. However, unlike all the previously cited patents, which all describe sails with a concave transverse shape. The present invention relates to a sail which has a stable convex profile of the gull wing type. Indeed, a concave profile always tends to turn over in strong wind since if one moves it away from its position of equilibrium where the two halves of the sail offer the same surface, perpendicular to the wind, one of the halves receives more and more more wind while the other receives less and less, unlike a convex “V” profile which always tends to bring the sail back to its equilibrium position. In addition, a convex “V” profile facilitates the flow of air, and during gusts, it tends to close, thereby dampening the swings in the wind.

Selon l'invention, une voile à effets propulseurs et de sustentation variable, comportant des éléments de soutien et de rappel permettant les changements de bord, et comportant une voilure unique sans épaisseur et montée sur une ossature présentant un bord d'attaque de forme en « V divergente vers l'arrière connue du document DE-A-2833616 est caractérisée en ce qu'elle comporte une section centrale fortement courbée, au voisinage du sommet du bord d'attaque, de façon concave au vent et se poursuivant de façon progressivement plus rectiligne vers son extrémité et un bord de fuite joignant les deux extrémités du bord d'attaque de ladite extrémité arrière pour former deux pans divergents.According to the invention, a sail with variable propulsive and lift effects, comprising support and return elements allowing changes of edge, and comprising a single wing without thickness and mounted on a frame having a leading edge of shaped “V diverging towards the rear known from document DE-A-2833616 is characterized in that it has a strongly curved central section, in the vicinity of the top of the leading edge, concave in the wind and progressively continuing more straight towards its end and a trailing edge joining the two ends of the leading edge of said rear end to form two divergent sides.

La section centrale peut être légèrement convexe et son extrémité arrière pour présenter une forme de S dissymétrique.The central section can be slightly convex and its rear end to present an asymmetrical S shape.

La voile peut présenter un élément de soutien éloigné de la voilure sous celle-ci et deux barres de rappel divergeant en avant à partir de ladite extrémité arrière, formant par exemple un système triangulaire avec la barre de soutien.The sail may have a support element remote from the wing under the latter and two return bars diverging forward from said rear end, for example forming a triangular system with the support bar.

De préférence, la voile comporte une ossature en éléments allongés sensiblement rigides, notamment tubulaires, et une voilure tendue sur l'ossature avec, de préférence, un ensemble de lattes précambrées concaves au vent près du bord d'attaque. Les liaisons entre les éléments d'ossature peuvent être avantageusement souples pour faciliter une certaine déformabilité de la voile dont la forme est maintenue par sa propre tension.Preferably, the sail comprises a framework of substantially rigid elongated elements, in particular tubular, and a wing stretched over the framework with, preferably, a set of pre-cambered slats concave to the wind near the leading edge. The connections between the frame elements can advantageously be flexible to facilitate a certain deformability of the sail, the shape of which is maintained by its own tension.

Afin de bien décrire une réalisation possible de la voile selon l'invention, celle-ci est représentée sous trois angles : la figure 1 est une vue de côté et par dessous, la figure 2 est une vue de dessous, la figure 3 est une vue de face avec une petite rotation et les figures 4 et 5 sont des vues de détails.In order to properly describe a possible embodiment of the sail according to the invention, it is represented from three angles: FIG. 1 is a side view and from below, FIG. 2 is a view from below, FIG. 3 is a front view with a small rotation and Figures 4 and 5 are detail views.

La voile 1 à profil convexe stable en forme d'allés de goéland est constituée d'un ensemble de portions trapézoïdales de tissu consues entre elles lui donnant l'aspect général d'un secteur de cercle et munie de deux fenêtres transparentes 2 pour la bonne vision de l'opérateur. La voile 1 est tendue sur une armature en alliage léger composée de : deux tubes de bordure 3 emboîtés dans un tube frontal courbé 4, un tube central 7 légèrement cintré suivant un profil en « S » servant à former le profil transversal convexe en « V par l'action des deux tubes d'étarquage 5 sur la liaison 12 et enfin un tube de soutien courbé 6. Le raidissement de la toile et le maintien de l'emboîtage des tubes de bordure 3 dans le tube frontal courbé 4 se fait en tirant sur les manches contenant ces tubes de bordure et en refermant les « Velcro » 9 des bouts d'aile. « Velcro » est une marque déposée désignant des bandes textiles auto-adhérentes permettant des ouvertures et fermetures rapides répétées. La voile 1 est en outre tendue dans le sens longitudinal par les lattes 8 pré-cambrées, maintenues par des « Velcro 10, qui avec les manches contenant les tubes 3 et 4 donnent à l'ensemble une bonne pénétration dans l'air. La figure 4 montre le détail 13 : les tubes de bordure 3 passent à l'intérieur de bandes de cuir respectivement solidaires grâce aux vis 15 des tubes d'étarquage 5 et du tube de soutien 6 avant de s'emboîter à l'intérieur du tube frontal courbé 4 en prenant appui sur les butées 17 ; les baques 16 maintiennent en position les tubes 5 et le tube 6. Le détail 12 sur la figure 5 montre l'étarquage de la voile à l'aide de la cordelettes 19 passant dans l'oeillet 18.The sail 1 with a stable convex profile in the form of gull's alleys is made up of a set of trapezoidal portions of fabric made up together giving it the general appearance of a sector of a circle and provided with two transparent windows 2 for good operator's vision. The sail 1 is stretched over a light alloy frame composed of: two border tubes 3 fitted into a curved front tube 4, a central tube 7 slightly bent along an “S” profile serving to form the convex transverse “V” profile by the action of the two stretching tubes 5 on the link 12 and finally a curved support tube 6. The stiffening of the fabric and the maintenance of the fitting of the border tubes 3 in the curved front tube 4 is done by pulling on the sleeves containing these border tubes and closing the "Velcro" 9 of the wing tips. "Velcro" is a registered trademark designating self-adhesive textile bands allowing rapid repeat openings and closings. The sail 1 is further stretched in the longitudinal direction by the pre-arched slats 8, maintained by “Velcro 10, which with the sleeves tale The tubes 3 and 4 give the assembly good penetration into the air. FIG. 4 shows detail 13: the border tubes 3 pass inside strips of leather respectively secured by means of the screws 15 of the stretching tubes 5 and of the support tube 6 before fitting into the interior of the curved front tube 4 bearing on the stops 17; the tanks 16 hold the tubes 5 and the tube in position 6. The detail 12 in FIG. 5 shows the stretching of the sail using the cords 19 passing through the eyelet 18.

La voile peut être utilisée seule ou facultativement reliée à un mat 20 de l'engin à propulser. Le mat 20 peut par exemple être relié à l'engin par une première rotule 21 tandis que l'autre extrémité est reliée à la voile par un manchon 22 coulissant sur la barre de soutien 6 avec une seconde rotule 23.The sail can be used alone or optionally connected to a mast 20 of the vehicle to be propelled. The mast 20 can for example be connected to the machine by a first ball joint 21 while the other end is connected to the sail by a sleeve 22 sliding on the support bar 6 with a second ball joint 23.

Dans le cas de l'utilisation de la voile pour la planche de saut où les pieds sont rendus solidaires de la planche à l'aide de petites bandes de tissu synthétique fixées à celle-ci, le saut s'effectue simplement par rétraction des jambes et contrairement aux voiles classiques, la course de l'engin peut continuer sans à coup puisque la voile reste constamment en position propulsive. La nouvelle voile a pour caractéristique de ne recevoir le vent que d'un seul côté, l'autre côté étant toujours sous le vent.When using the sail for the jump board where the feet are made integral with the board using small strips of synthetic fabric attached to it, the jump is done simply by retraction of the legs and unlike conventional sails, the race of the machine can continue smoothly since the sail remains constantly in the propelling position. The characteristic of the new sail is that it only receives the wind from one side, the other side always being downwind.

Les changements de bord se font par bordage de la voile suivi du passage de celle-ci par dessus la tête de l'opérateur avec reprise immédiate du vent sur l'autre bord ; cette technique est bien plus facile et rapide que la manière classique de changer de bord par basculement du mât vers l'arrière et passage de l'opérateur devant celui-ci, tel que cela se pratique avec les voiles actuelles de planches à voile.The edge changes are made by planking the sail followed by passing it over the operator's head with immediate wind pickup on the other edge; this technique is much easier and faster than the conventional way of changing edges by tilting the mast backwards and passing the operator in front of it, as is done with the current sails of windsurfers.

Les multiples orientations possibles de la voile permettent de créer une force propulsive ayant pour effet de tirer l'engin en avant et vers le haut et cette sustentation plus ou moins grande suivant la taille voulue de la voile doit en outre permettre de grandes vitesses dû à l'effet d'aqua- planning qui en résulte pour des engins légers.The multiple possible orientations of the sail make it possible to create a propulsive force having the effect of pulling the machine forward and upwards and this more or less large lift depending on the desired size of the sail must also allow high speeds due to the resulting aqua-planning effect for light vehicles.

Claims (13)

1. A sail having variable propelling and lifting effects, of the type to be mounted on a gliding device, or to be held by a person equiped with gliding gears, that is glide over water, over ground or snow or ice, containing elements for support and tacking (5, 6) allowing changes of direction, and composed of a unique sail without thickness mounted on a framework presenting a leading edge having a « V profile diverging rearwardly (3, 4), characterised in that it has a central section (7) highly bent in a windwardly concave manner toward its extremity (12) and a trailing edge joining the two ends of the leading edge to said rear end (12) so as to form two divergent portions.
2. A sail according to claim 1, characterised in that said central section (7) is slightly convex at its rear end so as to have a dissymetrical « S shape.
3. A sail according to claim 1 or 2, characterised in that it has a support element (6) remote from the sail below the latter and two strut bars (5) which forwardly diverge from said rear end (12).
4. A sail according to any one of the claims 1 to 3, characterised in that it comprises a framework (3, 4, 5, 7) of substantially rigid, in particular tubular, elongated elements, and a sail cloth held taut on the framework.
5. A sail according to claim 4, characterised in that the sail cloth is held taut by an assembly of pre-bent slats (8).
6. A sail according to claim 4 or 5, characterised by a framework easily assembled by means of seven light alloy tubes, namely two edge tubes (3) fitted in a curved front tube (4), and a slightly bent central tube (7) serving to form the « V • , two strut tubes (5) acting as stay-bars and a support tube (6).
7. A sail according to claim 6, characterised by a triangular system formed by two strut tubes (5) and the support tube (6) which enables the sail to be held easily and firmly in a suitable position.
8. A sail according to any one of claims 4 and 7, characterised in that the connections between the various framework elements are flexible.
9. A sail according to claim 8, characterised in that the connection (12) of the strut tubes (5) to the central tube (7) tends to close the « V » profile and consequently absorb the effect of sudden wind changes.
10. A sail according to any one of the claims 1 to 9, characterised in that it comprises two windows (2) guaranteeing the user good visibility.
11. A sail according to any one of the claims 4 to 10, characterised in that it can be assembled or taken down rapidly, owing to a combination of a fitting-together of tubes, of flexible bindings of leather or other suitable material and of rapid closing means such as the « Velcro device.
12. A sail according to any one of the claims 1 to 3, characterised in that it has a single windward side and is formed by substantially rigid materials.
13. A sail according to any one of the claims 1 to 12, employable in particular for a boat, a windsurf board, skiing and ice and roller-skating.
EP82900642A 1981-03-11 1982-03-05 Sail with variable propulsing and lifting effects Expired EP0074361B1 (en)

Priority Applications (1)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
AT82900642T ATE17557T1 (en) 1981-03-11 1982-03-05 SAIL WITH PROPULSION EFFECT AND VARIABLE WING.

Applications Claiming Priority (2)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
FR8104814A FR2501618B1 (en) 1981-03-11 1981-03-11 VEIL WITH PROPELLANT AND VARIABLE LIFT EFFECT
FR8104814 1981-03-11

Publications (2)

Publication Number Publication Date
EP0074361A1 EP0074361A1 (en) 1983-03-23
EP0074361B1 true EP0074361B1 (en) 1986-01-22

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EP82900642A Expired EP0074361B1 (en) 1981-03-11 1982-03-05 Sail with variable propulsing and lifting effects

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US (1) US4563969A (en)
EP (1) EP0074361B1 (en)
JP (1) JPS58500363A (en)
AU (1) AU544149B2 (en)
BR (1) BR8206881A (en)
CA (1) CA1192584A (en)
DE (1) DE3268619D1 (en)
DK (1) DK493682A (en)
FR (1) FR2501618B1 (en)
NO (1) NO823745L (en)
WO (1) WO1982003053A1 (en)

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Family Cites Families (9)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US2329220A (en) * 1939-07-12 1943-09-14 Burke Rummler Sailing and sailing gear
US2537560A (en) * 1948-01-29 1951-01-09 George D Wanner Kite
FR2173389A5 (en) * 1972-02-22 1973-10-05 Lenoble Jean Paul
US3924870A (en) * 1973-09-04 1975-12-09 Mayer Spivack Hand-held sail
CA1045610A (en) * 1975-06-09 1979-01-02 Garry G. Rieberer Super-structure and newly designed safety sails for man-piloted hang gliders and kites
US4116406A (en) * 1977-06-17 1978-09-26 Hamilton Paul D Hang glider having inflatable airfoil
DE2833616A1 (en) * 1978-07-31 1980-02-28 Gunter M Voss Sail rig for sailing surfboard - has triangular sail with spars along luff and foot, kept taut by curved bar flexibly mounted on stump mast
FR2457802A1 (en) * 1979-05-28 1980-12-26 Hennebutte Georges Boat sails with inflatable portion - have aerofoil section near plain section remote from mast
FR2470725A1 (en) * 1979-11-30 1981-06-12 Dudouyt Jean Paul Sailing rig for sail-board or small boat - attaches sail to mast with aerofoil-section sheath filled with cellular plastics

Also Published As

Publication number Publication date
DK493682A (en) 1982-11-05
CA1192584A (en) 1985-08-27
AU8149282A (en) 1982-09-28
US4563969A (en) 1986-01-14
JPS58500363A (en) 1983-03-10
WO1982003053A1 (en) 1982-09-16
NO823745L (en) 1982-11-10
AU544149B2 (en) 1985-05-16
EP0074361A1 (en) 1983-03-23
FR2501618A1 (en) 1982-09-17
DE3268619D1 (en) 1986-03-06
FR2501618B1 (en) 1985-10-04
BR8206881A (en) 1983-03-01

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