EP0073024B1 - Paroi stratifiée d'un corps creux et procédé pour sa fabrication - Google Patents

Paroi stratifiée d'un corps creux et procédé pour sa fabrication Download PDF

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Publication number
EP0073024B1
EP0073024B1 EP82107582A EP82107582A EP0073024B1 EP 0073024 B1 EP0073024 B1 EP 0073024B1 EP 82107582 A EP82107582 A EP 82107582A EP 82107582 A EP82107582 A EP 82107582A EP 0073024 B1 EP0073024 B1 EP 0073024B1
Authority
EP
European Patent Office
Prior art keywords
layer
wall according
hollow body
metal
powder
Prior art date
Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
Expired
Application number
EP82107582A
Other languages
German (de)
English (en)
Other versions
EP0073024A3 (en
EP0073024A2 (fr
Inventor
Werner Dr. Ing. Hüther
Axel Ing. Grad. Rossmann
Current Assignee (The listed assignees may be inaccurate. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation or warranty as to the accuracy of the list.)
MTU Aero Engines GmbH
Original Assignee
MTU Motoren und Turbinen Union Muenchen GmbH
Priority date (The priority date is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the date listed.)
Filing date
Publication date
Application filed by MTU Motoren und Turbinen Union Muenchen GmbH filed Critical MTU Motoren und Turbinen Union Muenchen GmbH
Publication of EP0073024A2 publication Critical patent/EP0073024A2/fr
Publication of EP0073024A3 publication Critical patent/EP0073024A3/de
Application granted granted Critical
Publication of EP0073024B1 publication Critical patent/EP0073024B1/fr
Expired legal-status Critical Current

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Classifications

    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C23—COATING METALLIC MATERIAL; COATING MATERIAL WITH METALLIC MATERIAL; CHEMICAL SURFACE TREATMENT; DIFFUSION TREATMENT OF METALLIC MATERIAL; COATING BY VACUUM EVAPORATION, BY SPUTTERING, BY ION IMPLANTATION OR BY CHEMICAL VAPOUR DEPOSITION, IN GENERAL; INHIBITING CORROSION OF METALLIC MATERIAL OR INCRUSTATION IN GENERAL
    • C23C—COATING METALLIC MATERIAL; COATING MATERIAL WITH METALLIC MATERIAL; SURFACE TREATMENT OF METALLIC MATERIAL BY DIFFUSION INTO THE SURFACE, BY CHEMICAL CONVERSION OR SUBSTITUTION; COATING BY VACUUM EVAPORATION, BY SPUTTERING, BY ION IMPLANTATION OR BY CHEMICAL VAPOUR DEPOSITION, IN GENERAL
    • C23C28/00—Coating for obtaining at least two superposed coatings either by methods not provided for in a single one of groups C23C2/00 - C23C26/00 or by combinations of methods provided for in subclasses C23C and C25C or C25D
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B22—CASTING; POWDER METALLURGY
    • B22F—WORKING METALLIC POWDER; MANUFACTURE OF ARTICLES FROM METALLIC POWDER; MAKING METALLIC POWDER; APPARATUS OR DEVICES SPECIALLY ADAPTED FOR METALLIC POWDER
    • B22F7/00—Manufacture of composite layers, workpieces, or articles, comprising metallic powder, by sintering the powder, with or without compacting wherein at least one part is obtained by sintering or compression
    • B22F7/06—Manufacture of composite layers, workpieces, or articles, comprising metallic powder, by sintering the powder, with or without compacting wherein at least one part is obtained by sintering or compression of composite workpieces or articles from parts, e.g. to form tipped tools
    • B22F7/08—Manufacture of composite layers, workpieces, or articles, comprising metallic powder, by sintering the powder, with or without compacting wherein at least one part is obtained by sintering or compression of composite workpieces or articles from parts, e.g. to form tipped tools with one or more parts not made from powder
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F02—COMBUSTION ENGINES; HOT-GAS OR COMBUSTION-PRODUCT ENGINE PLANTS
    • F02B—INTERNAL-COMBUSTION PISTON ENGINES; COMBUSTION ENGINES IN GENERAL
    • F02B77/00—Component parts, details or accessories, not otherwise provided for
    • F02B77/11—Thermal or acoustic insulation
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B22—CASTING; POWDER METALLURGY
    • B22F—WORKING METALLIC POWDER; MANUFACTURE OF ARTICLES FROM METALLIC POWDER; MAKING METALLIC POWDER; APPARATUS OR DEVICES SPECIALLY ADAPTED FOR METALLIC POWDER
    • B22F2998/00—Supplementary information concerning processes or compositions relating to powder metallurgy
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F02—COMBUSTION ENGINES; HOT-GAS OR COMBUSTION-PRODUCT ENGINE PLANTS
    • F02B—INTERNAL-COMBUSTION PISTON ENGINES; COMBUSTION ENGINES IN GENERAL
    • F02B3/00—Engines characterised by air compression and subsequent fuel addition
    • F02B3/06—Engines characterised by air compression and subsequent fuel addition with compression ignition
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F05—INDEXING SCHEMES RELATING TO ENGINES OR PUMPS IN VARIOUS SUBCLASSES OF CLASSES F01-F04
    • F05C—INDEXING SCHEME RELATING TO MATERIALS, MATERIAL PROPERTIES OR MATERIAL CHARACTERISTICS FOR MACHINES, ENGINES OR PUMPS OTHER THAN NON-POSITIVE-DISPLACEMENT MACHINES OR ENGINES
    • F05C2201/00—Metals
    • F05C2201/02—Light metals
    • F05C2201/021—Aluminium
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F05—INDEXING SCHEMES RELATING TO ENGINES OR PUMPS IN VARIOUS SUBCLASSES OF CLASSES F01-F04
    • F05C—INDEXING SCHEME RELATING TO MATERIALS, MATERIAL PROPERTIES OR MATERIAL CHARACTERISTICS FOR MACHINES, ENGINES OR PUMPS OTHER THAN NON-POSITIVE-DISPLACEMENT MACHINES OR ENGINES
    • F05C2201/00—Metals
    • F05C2201/04—Heavy metals
    • F05C2201/0433—Iron group; Ferrous alloys, e.g. steel
    • F05C2201/0448—Steel
    • Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y10—TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC
    • Y10T—TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER US CLASSIFICATION
    • Y10T29/00—Metal working
    • Y10T29/49—Method of mechanical manufacture
    • Y10T29/4998—Combined manufacture including applying or shaping of fluent material
    • Y10T29/49982—Coating
    • Y10T29/49984—Coating and casting
    • Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y10—TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC
    • Y10T—TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER US CLASSIFICATION
    • Y10T428/00—Stock material or miscellaneous articles
    • Y10T428/13—Hollow or container type article [e.g., tube, vase, etc.]
    • Y10T428/131—Glass, ceramic, or sintered, fused, fired, or calcined metal oxide or metal carbide containing [e.g., porcelain, brick, cement, etc.]
    • Y10T428/1314—Contains fabric, fiber particle, or filament made of glass, ceramic, or sintered, fused, fired, or calcined metal oxide, or metal carbide or other inorganic compound [e.g., fiber glass, mineral fiber, sand, etc.]
    • Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y10—TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC
    • Y10T—TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER US CLASSIFICATION
    • Y10T428/00—Stock material or miscellaneous articles
    • Y10T428/13—Hollow or container type article [e.g., tube, vase, etc.]
    • Y10T428/131—Glass, ceramic, or sintered, fused, fired, or calcined metal oxide or metal carbide containing [e.g., porcelain, brick, cement, etc.]
    • Y10T428/1317—Multilayer [continuous layer]
    • Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y10—TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC
    • Y10T—TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER US CLASSIFICATION
    • Y10T428/00—Stock material or miscellaneous articles
    • Y10T428/29—Coated or structually defined flake, particle, cell, strand, strand portion, rod, filament, macroscopic fiber or mass thereof
    • Y10T428/2913—Rod, strand, filament or fiber
    • Y10T428/2918—Rod, strand, filament or fiber including free carbon or carbide or therewith [not as steel]

Definitions

  • the invention relates to a multi-layer wall according to the preamble of claim 1.
  • the invention further relates to methods for producing the multi-layer wall according to the invention.
  • the object of the invention is to provide an initially mentioned multilayer wall which is thermally and mechanically highly resilient and, if desired, good heat insulation.
  • the invention consists in that the multilayer hollow body wall is constructed as indicated in the characterizing part of claim 1.
  • the ceramic inner layer mentioned there or its ceramic material is of the type that it can withstand high temperatures and / or large wear or large friction. The one mentioned there
  • the holding layer or its fiber-reinforced material is of the type that it gives the wall great strength or strengths other than wear resistance, in particular great tensile strength, preferably for absorbing a pressure of a fluid located in the interior of the hollow body.
  • the relevant tensile forces (they point in the circumferential direction in the case of the hollow body of revolution) are absorbed by reinforcing fibers of this holding layer, which are then under longitudinal fiber tension due to these tensile forces.
  • Such reinforcing fibers are in particular circumferential fibers, i.e. H. reinforcing fibers wound or extending in the circumferential direction. Reinforcing fibers which cross at an angle to the circumferential direction can also be provided.
  • this holding layer under pressure preload (the relevant compressive forces point in the hollow revolution body in the circumferential direction), so that much higher internal pressures are tolerated than with a hollow body whose wall consists only of ceramic material.
  • the ceramic inner layer is then not subjected to too much tension under internal pressure, which it might not be able to withstand.
  • the compressive stress mentioned can also be made so large that the ceramic inner layer is only under compressive stress at lower internal pressures; It can withstand compressive stress better than tensile stress.
  • this holding layer can have a high modulus of elasticity, an extremely low thermal expansion and a relatively high temperature resistance.
  • the insulating ceramic intermediate layer is provided between the two other layers mentioned.
  • this intermediate layer By means of this intermediate layer, the heat conduction to the outside can be reduced and thus the heat can be kept inside and overheating of the holding layer and a decrease in the strength of the holding layer can be prevented. Thanks to this intermediate layer, the wall can be kept at a temperature which is tolerable for the material of the holding layer under thermal load with low cooling capacity.
  • the tensile strength, the modulus of elasticity and the temperature resistance are often lower and the thermal expansion there is often greater than in the case of fiber-reinforced materials, which can also apply to high-temperature steel as the preferred holding layer metal - see claim 4.
  • the insulating ceramic intermediate layer is provided.
  • the ceramic materials of the ceramic inner layer mentioned in claim 3 have high temperature resistance and high wear or abrasion resistance, and see claim 5 - carbon fiber reinforced graphite, for the holding layer, has great tensile strength.
  • the materials specified in claim 6 for the intermediate layer are good heat insulation.
  • the fiber-reinforced material (embedding material, matrix) of the holding layer is in particular organic material or metal.
  • the ceramic inner layer can, in particular, be placed under a specified compressive stress by proceeding according to claim 7.
  • the three layers are thus produced as solid hollow bodies and the intermediate layer hollow body is shrunk onto the inner layer hollow body and the holding layer hollow body onto the intermediate layer hollow body.
  • This method is e.g. suitable for producing the tube (see the preamble of claim 1). The procedure is relatively simple to carry out.
  • the invention is particularly in a diesel engine pre-combustion chamber, an internal combustion engine cylinder liner, a housing or housing part in contact with hot gas, a rolling bearing ring and a plain bearing, for. B. applied to bearing shells of the same, as a hollow body.
  • These devices or parts are thermally and mechanically stressed (in particular by the internal pressure and / or friction mentioned). Furthermore, good thermal insulation is usually desired with them, especially in the case of the above-mentioned pre-combustion chamber and the cylinder liner mentioned to keep the losses of the engine small.
  • the pre-combustion chamber 22 and the cylinder liner 23 are hollow revolution bodies.
  • the pre-combustion chamber 22 is located in a bore in a steel cylinder head 13. It or its wall consists of a heat-resistant, ceramic inner layer 10 made of silicon carbide (SiC), an insulating ceramic layer 11 made of magnesium aluminum silicate (MAS) and a holding layer 12 made of carbon fiber reinforced graphite.
  • the ceramic inner layer 10 extends, as seen towards the cylinder liner 23, so that the interior of the pre-combustion chamber 22 first narrows in the shape of a truncated cone, then, to form a bulbous combustion chamber 19, widens in the shape of a truncated cone and then contracts like a basin, in order then to run cylindrical.
  • the holding layer 12 or thus the pre-combustion chamber 22 is cylindrical on the outside along the two truncated cones, in order then also to contract like a basin and then to run cylindrical.
  • the cylinder head bore mentioned has the same shape and the same
  • the pre-combustion chamber 22 is composed of three axially successive parts so that the holding layer 12 can be applied, the part planes being at the collision of the two truncated cones and with the large basin diameter.
  • the ceramic inner layer 10 is produced as a solid part
  • the insulating ceramic intermediate layer 11 is produced by applying a layer of sinterable insulating ceramic powder made of magnesium aluminum silicate (MAS) to the ceramic inner body 10 by isostatic pressing or by overmolding (injection molding) and sintering this powder layer, and the holding layer 12 produced as a solid part and shrunk onto the insulating ceramic intermediate layer 11.
  • MAS magnesium aluminum silicate
  • An insert piece 14 presses the three pre-combustion chamber parts in the cylinder head bore by means of screws (not shown) connecting the insert piece 14 to the cylinder head 13 against one another and against the basin of the cylinder head 13.
  • the outflow cylinder of the pre-combustion chamber 22 protrudes somewhat into the combustion chamber 20 of the engine cylinder , there has approximately radial outflow channels 15 arranged uniformly distributed over the circumference and merges with its three layers 10 to 12 into a three-layer end wall that also closes it.
  • the cylinder liner 23 is a hollow cylinder body and sits in an engine block 21, with which, not shown, the cylinder head 13 is screwed.
  • the cylinder liner 23 or its wall consists of a heat and wear or abrasion resistant, ceramic inner layer 16 made of silicon carbide (SiC), an insulating ceramic layer 17 made of aluminum titanate (AITi0 3 ) and a holding layer 18 made of high-temperature steel.
  • the layers 16 and 17 are manufactured individually as solid parts, and the part 17 is shrunk onto the part 16.
  • the holding layer 18 is then produced by applying a sinterable powder made of high-temperature steel to the part 17 by isostatic pressing or by overmolding (injection molding) and sintering this powder layer.
  • a method according to the invention for producing a cylinder liner from SiC / MAS and Nimonic 90 R is given below by way of example.
  • a ceramic tube made of pressure-free sintered SiC with the dimensions inner diameter 70 mm, outer diameter 80 mm and length 100 mm is produced.
  • This tube is surrounded by cold isostat presses with a glass powder layer which can be converted into a MAS layer by heat treatment.
  • the preparation of such a glass powder is described in "Properties of Cordierite Glass-Ceramics Produced by Sintering and Crystallization of Glass Powder" by Claes I. Helgesson in Science of Ceramics Vol. 8 1979, pages 347 to 361, published by The British Ceramic Society.
  • the finished MAS layer is machined so that an SiC tube with an outer layer of approximately 5 mm thickness is made of MAS.
  • This composite body made of ceramic inner and MAS intermediate layer is now wrapped with a 5 mm thick layer of carbon fibers in the circumferential direction and impregnated with resin (phenols, polyimides, polyphenylenes) suitable for residue-rich coking.
  • the resin is under Oxygenation (usually under protective gas) coked at temperatures up to 1000 ° C.
  • the impregnation and coking are repeated two to five times. This is followed by graphitization by heating under protective gas to 2000 ° C for a period of 10 hours.
  • boron carbide-coated boron fibers can also be used in a matrix of aluminum, preferably aluminum 6061 F or aluminum 2024 F being used. In this case, heat treatment is carried out at a temperature of 560 ° C under a working pressure of 15 bar.
  • the outer holding layer consists of heat-resistant steel such as. B. X 10 CrNiTi 1810, Inconel 718 R O the C 263 or Mimonic 90 R.
  • the connection of the outer holding layer with the composite body consisting of inner layer and intermediate layer is preferably carried out by shrinking, in that a tube made of Nimonic 90 with an outer diameter of 100 mm, inner diameter 90.4 mm ⁇ 50 ⁇ m, length 100 mm is produced at 600 ° C. is heated and is pushed onto the composite body. The shrink connection then takes place on cooling.
  • Another example of the use of the method according to the invention for producing a pre-combustion chamber proceeds as follows: An inner part of the pre-combustion chamber is produced from pressurelessly sintered Si 3 N 4 . A MAS layer is then applied as an intermediate layer, as in the process example just described. A powder layer made of Udimet 700 R powder (grain size 45 ⁇ m) by cold isostatic pressing at 2000 bar on the MAS layer. The green layer is then mechanically processed to a wall thickness of 6 mm. This mechanical processing is followed by sintering by heating the entire body to 1200 ° C under a protective gas for a period of 4 hours. The heating rate is 5 ° C per minute.

Claims (11)

1°) Paroi à plusieurs couches d'un corps creux notamment d'un corps de révolution par exemple d'un tube ou d'un boîtier, paroi caractérisée en ce que du côté des charges c'est-à-dire à l'intérieur, elle comporte une couche intérieure (10) en matière céramique réfractaire et/ou résistant à l'usure, une couche de tenue (12) extérieure en un matériau renforcé par des fibres en métal et une couche intermédiaire (11) en une matière céramique à caractéristique d'isolation thermique entre ces couches (10, 12), la couche intermédiaire étant réalisée sur la couche intérieure par rétreinte ou par frittage.
2°) Paroi de corps creux à plusieurs couches selon la revendication 1, caractérisée en ce que la couche de tenue (12) exerce une précontrainte de pression sur le corps composite constitué de la couche intérieure et de la couche intermédiaire (10,11).
3°) Paroi de corps creux à plusieurs couches selon la revendication 1 ou 2, caractérisée en ce que le matériau de la couche céramique interne (10, 16) est du carbure de silicium (SiC) ou du nitrure de silicium (Si3N4).
4°) Paroi de corps creux à plusieurs couches selon les revendications 1 à 3, caractérisée en ce que le métal est de l'acier très réfractaire.
5°) Paroi de corps creux a plusieurs couches selon les revendications 1 à 4, caractérisée en ce que le matériau renforcé par des fibres est du graphite renforcé par des fibres de carbone.
6°) Paroi de corps creux a plusieurs couches selon au moins l'une des revendications 1 à 5, caractérisée en ce que le matériau céramique à caractéristique d'isolation thermique est du silicate-lithiumaluminium (LAS), du silicate de magnésium-aluminium (MAS), du titanate d'aluminium (AITi03) ou du nitrure de bore pyrolytique (BN).
7°) Procédé pour la fabrication d'une paroi à plusieurs couches selon au moins l'une des revendications 1 à 6, caractérisé en ce que la couche de tenue (12, 17) est réalisée par rétreinte sur le corps composite formé de la couche intérieure et de la couche intermédiaire.
8°) Procédé pour la fabrication de la paroi à plusieurs couches selon au moins l'une des revendications 1 à 6, caractérisé en ce que la couche intermédiaire en céramique isolante (11) est réalisée par application d'une couche de poudre de céramique isolante susceptible de fritter et par frittage de cette couche.
9°) Procédé selon la revendication 8, caractérisé en ce que la couche de poudre est appliquée par pressage isostatique ou par pulvérisation (injection).
10°) Procédé de fabrication d'une paroi à plusieurs couches selon au moins l'une des revendications 1 à 9, caractérisé en ce que la couche de tenue est en métal fabriquée par coulée du métal dans un moule de coulée.
11°) Procédé de fabrication de la paroi à plusieurs couches selon les revendications 8 ou 9, caractérisé en ce que la couche de tenue extérieure est réalisée en métal par application d'une couche de poudre métallique susceptible de fritter sur le corps composite formé de la couche intérieure et de la couche intermédiaire et par frittage de cette poudre.
EP82107582A 1981-08-21 1982-08-19 Paroi stratifiée d'un corps creux et procédé pour sa fabrication Expired EP0073024B1 (fr)

Applications Claiming Priority (2)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
DE3133209A DE3133209C2 (de) 1981-08-21 1981-08-21 Hohler Verbundkörper, insbesondere Umdrehungskörper und Verfahren zu seiner Herstellung
DE3133209 1981-08-21

Publications (3)

Publication Number Publication Date
EP0073024A2 EP0073024A2 (fr) 1983-03-02
EP0073024A3 EP0073024A3 (en) 1985-10-16
EP0073024B1 true EP0073024B1 (fr) 1987-05-20

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Family Applications (1)

Application Number Title Priority Date Filing Date
EP82107582A Expired EP0073024B1 (fr) 1981-08-21 1982-08-19 Paroi stratifiée d'un corps creux et procédé pour sa fabrication

Country Status (3)

Country Link
US (1) US4511612A (fr)
EP (1) EP0073024B1 (fr)
DE (2) DE3133209C2 (fr)

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DE3133209A1 (de) 1983-03-10
US4511612A (en) 1985-04-16
EP0073024A3 (en) 1985-10-16
EP0073024A2 (fr) 1983-03-02
DE3133209C2 (de) 1985-04-25
DE3276360D1 (en) 1987-06-25

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