EP0073024B1 - Laminated wall of a hollow body and process for manufacturing the same - Google Patents

Laminated wall of a hollow body and process for manufacturing the same Download PDF

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Publication number
EP0073024B1
EP0073024B1 EP82107582A EP82107582A EP0073024B1 EP 0073024 B1 EP0073024 B1 EP 0073024B1 EP 82107582 A EP82107582 A EP 82107582A EP 82107582 A EP82107582 A EP 82107582A EP 0073024 B1 EP0073024 B1 EP 0073024B1
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EP
European Patent Office
Prior art keywords
layer
wall according
hollow body
metal
powder
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Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
Expired
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EP82107582A
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German (de)
French (fr)
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EP0073024A3 (en
EP0073024A2 (en
Inventor
Werner Dr. Ing. Hüther
Axel Ing. Grad. Rossmann
Current Assignee (The listed assignees may be inaccurate. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation or warranty as to the accuracy of the list.)
MTU Aero Engines GmbH
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MTU Motoren und Turbinen Union Muenchen GmbH
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Publication of EP0073024A3 publication Critical patent/EP0073024A3/en
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    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C23—COATING METALLIC MATERIAL; COATING MATERIAL WITH METALLIC MATERIAL; CHEMICAL SURFACE TREATMENT; DIFFUSION TREATMENT OF METALLIC MATERIAL; COATING BY VACUUM EVAPORATION, BY SPUTTERING, BY ION IMPLANTATION OR BY CHEMICAL VAPOUR DEPOSITION, IN GENERAL; INHIBITING CORROSION OF METALLIC MATERIAL OR INCRUSTATION IN GENERAL
    • C23C—COATING METALLIC MATERIAL; COATING MATERIAL WITH METALLIC MATERIAL; SURFACE TREATMENT OF METALLIC MATERIAL BY DIFFUSION INTO THE SURFACE, BY CHEMICAL CONVERSION OR SUBSTITUTION; COATING BY VACUUM EVAPORATION, BY SPUTTERING, BY ION IMPLANTATION OR BY CHEMICAL VAPOUR DEPOSITION, IN GENERAL
    • C23C28/00—Coating for obtaining at least two superposed coatings either by methods not provided for in a single one of groups C23C2/00 - C23C26/00 or by combinations of methods provided for in subclasses C23C and C25C or C25D
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B22—CASTING; POWDER METALLURGY
    • B22F—WORKING METALLIC POWDER; MANUFACTURE OF ARTICLES FROM METALLIC POWDER; MAKING METALLIC POWDER; APPARATUS OR DEVICES SPECIALLY ADAPTED FOR METALLIC POWDER
    • B22F7/00—Manufacture of composite layers, workpieces, or articles, comprising metallic powder, by sintering the powder, with or without compacting wherein at least one part is obtained by sintering or compression
    • B22F7/06—Manufacture of composite layers, workpieces, or articles, comprising metallic powder, by sintering the powder, with or without compacting wherein at least one part is obtained by sintering or compression of composite workpieces or articles from parts, e.g. to form tipped tools
    • B22F7/08—Manufacture of composite layers, workpieces, or articles, comprising metallic powder, by sintering the powder, with or without compacting wherein at least one part is obtained by sintering or compression of composite workpieces or articles from parts, e.g. to form tipped tools with one or more parts not made from powder
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F02—COMBUSTION ENGINES; HOT-GAS OR COMBUSTION-PRODUCT ENGINE PLANTS
    • F02B—INTERNAL-COMBUSTION PISTON ENGINES; COMBUSTION ENGINES IN GENERAL
    • F02B77/00—Component parts, details or accessories, not otherwise provided for
    • F02B77/11—Thermal or acoustic insulation
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B22—CASTING; POWDER METALLURGY
    • B22F—WORKING METALLIC POWDER; MANUFACTURE OF ARTICLES FROM METALLIC POWDER; MAKING METALLIC POWDER; APPARATUS OR DEVICES SPECIALLY ADAPTED FOR METALLIC POWDER
    • B22F2998/00—Supplementary information concerning processes or compositions relating to powder metallurgy
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F02—COMBUSTION ENGINES; HOT-GAS OR COMBUSTION-PRODUCT ENGINE PLANTS
    • F02B—INTERNAL-COMBUSTION PISTON ENGINES; COMBUSTION ENGINES IN GENERAL
    • F02B3/00—Engines characterised by air compression and subsequent fuel addition
    • F02B3/06—Engines characterised by air compression and subsequent fuel addition with compression ignition
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F05—INDEXING SCHEMES RELATING TO ENGINES OR PUMPS IN VARIOUS SUBCLASSES OF CLASSES F01-F04
    • F05C—INDEXING SCHEME RELATING TO MATERIALS, MATERIAL PROPERTIES OR MATERIAL CHARACTERISTICS FOR MACHINES, ENGINES OR PUMPS OTHER THAN NON-POSITIVE-DISPLACEMENT MACHINES OR ENGINES
    • F05C2201/00—Metals
    • F05C2201/02—Light metals
    • F05C2201/021—Aluminium
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F05—INDEXING SCHEMES RELATING TO ENGINES OR PUMPS IN VARIOUS SUBCLASSES OF CLASSES F01-F04
    • F05C—INDEXING SCHEME RELATING TO MATERIALS, MATERIAL PROPERTIES OR MATERIAL CHARACTERISTICS FOR MACHINES, ENGINES OR PUMPS OTHER THAN NON-POSITIVE-DISPLACEMENT MACHINES OR ENGINES
    • F05C2201/00—Metals
    • F05C2201/04—Heavy metals
    • F05C2201/0433—Iron group; Ferrous alloys, e.g. steel
    • F05C2201/0448—Steel
    • Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y10—TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC
    • Y10T—TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER US CLASSIFICATION
    • Y10T29/00—Metal working
    • Y10T29/49—Method of mechanical manufacture
    • Y10T29/4998—Combined manufacture including applying or shaping of fluent material
    • Y10T29/49982—Coating
    • Y10T29/49984—Coating and casting
    • Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y10—TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC
    • Y10T—TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER US CLASSIFICATION
    • Y10T428/00—Stock material or miscellaneous articles
    • Y10T428/13—Hollow or container type article [e.g., tube, vase, etc.]
    • Y10T428/131—Glass, ceramic, or sintered, fused, fired, or calcined metal oxide or metal carbide containing [e.g., porcelain, brick, cement, etc.]
    • Y10T428/1314—Contains fabric, fiber particle, or filament made of glass, ceramic, or sintered, fused, fired, or calcined metal oxide, or metal carbide or other inorganic compound [e.g., fiber glass, mineral fiber, sand, etc.]
    • Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y10—TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC
    • Y10T—TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER US CLASSIFICATION
    • Y10T428/00—Stock material or miscellaneous articles
    • Y10T428/13—Hollow or container type article [e.g., tube, vase, etc.]
    • Y10T428/131—Glass, ceramic, or sintered, fused, fired, or calcined metal oxide or metal carbide containing [e.g., porcelain, brick, cement, etc.]
    • Y10T428/1317—Multilayer [continuous layer]
    • Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y10—TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC
    • Y10T—TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER US CLASSIFICATION
    • Y10T428/00—Stock material or miscellaneous articles
    • Y10T428/29—Coated or structually defined flake, particle, cell, strand, strand portion, rod, filament, macroscopic fiber or mass thereof
    • Y10T428/2913—Rod, strand, filament or fiber
    • Y10T428/2918—Rod, strand, filament or fiber including free carbon or carbide or therewith [not as steel]

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  • Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
  • Materials Engineering (AREA)
  • Organic Chemistry (AREA)
  • Metallurgy (AREA)
  • Chemical Kinetics & Catalysis (AREA)
  • Composite Materials (AREA)
  • Manufacturing & Machinery (AREA)
  • Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
  • Acoustics & Sound (AREA)
  • Combustion & Propulsion (AREA)
  • General Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Laminated Bodies (AREA)
  • Cylinder Crankcases Of Internal Combustion Engines (AREA)

Description

Die Erfindung bezieht sich auf eine mehrschichtige Wand gemäß dem Oberbegriff des Anspruchs 1. Die Erfindung bezieht sich ferner auf Verfahren zur Herstellung der erfindungsgemäßen mehrschichtigen Wand.The invention relates to a multi-layer wall according to the preamble of claim 1. The invention further relates to methods for producing the multi-layer wall according to the invention.

Aufgabe der Erfindung ist es, eine anfangs genannte mehrschichtige Wand zu schaffen, die thermisch und mechanisch hoch belastbar und, wenn erwünscht, gut wärmeisolierend ist.The object of the invention is to provide an initially mentioned multilayer wall which is thermally and mechanically highly resilient and, if desired, good heat insulation.

Zur Lösung dieser Aufgabe besteht die Erfindung darin, daß die mehrschichtige Hohlkörperwand wie im Kennzeichen des Anspruchs 1 angegeben auf gebaut ist.To achieve this object, the invention consists in that the multilayer hollow body wall is constructed as indicated in the characterizing part of claim 1.

Die dort genannte keramische Innenschicht bzw. deren keramischer Werkstoff ist also von der Art, daß sie bzw. er große Temperaturen und/oder großen Verschleiß bzw. große Reibung ertragen kann. Die dort genannteThe ceramic inner layer mentioned there or its ceramic material is of the type that it can withstand high temperatures and / or large wear or large friction. The one mentioned there

Halteschicht bzw. deren faserverstärkter Werkstoff ist von der Art, daß sie bzw. er der Wand große Festigkeit oder Festigkeiten anderer Art als die Verschleißfestigkeit verleiht, insbesondere große Zugfestigkeit, vorzugsweise zur Aufnahme eines Drucks eines im Innenraum des hohlen Körpers befindlichen Fluids. Die betreffenden Zugkräfte (sie weisen beim hohlen Umdrehungskörper in Umfangsrichtung) werden von Verstärkungsfasern dieser Halteschicht aufgenommen, die dann durch diese Zugkräfte unter Faserlängszugspannung stehen. Solche Verstärkungsfasern sind insbesondere Umfangsfasern, d. h. in Umfangsrichtung gewickelte bzw. verlaufende Verstärkungsfasern. Auch schräg zur Umfangsrichtung verlaufende, sich kreuzende Verstärkungsfasern können vorgesehen werden. Es soll die keramische Innenschicht durch diese Halteschicht unter Druckvorspannung (die betreffenden Druckkräfte weisen beim hohlen Umdrehungskörper in Umfangsrichtung) gesetzt sein, so daß wesentlich höhere Innendrücke ertragen werden als bei einem hohlen Körper, dessen Wand nur aus keramischem Werkstoff besteht. Die keramische Innenschicht ist dann also bei Innendruck nicht zu sehr auf Zug belastet, was sie evtl. nicht aushalten würde. Die genannte Druckvorspannung kann auch so groß gemacht werden, daß die keramische Innenschicht bei kleineren Innendrücken nur unter Druckspannung steht; Druckspannung kann sie besser ertragen als Zugspannung. Ferner kann diese Halteschicht einen hohen Elastizitätsmodul, eine äußerst geringe Wärmedehnung und eine relativ große Temperaturbeständigkeit aufweisen. Zur Wärmeisolierung ist die genannte Isolierkeramik-Zwischenschicht zwischen den beiden anderen genannten Schichten vorgesehen. Durch diese Zwischenschicht kann die Wärmeleitung nach außen vermindert werden und somit die Wärme innen gehalten und auch eine Überhitzung der Halteschicht und eine Abnahme der Festigkeit der Halteschicht verhindert werden. Dank dieser Zwischenschicht läßt sich die Wand bei thermischer Belastung mit geringer Kühlleistung auf einer für den Werkstoff der Halteschicht erträglichen Temperatur halten.The holding layer or its fiber-reinforced material is of the type that it gives the wall great strength or strengths other than wear resistance, in particular great tensile strength, preferably for absorbing a pressure of a fluid located in the interior of the hollow body. The relevant tensile forces (they point in the circumferential direction in the case of the hollow body of revolution) are absorbed by reinforcing fibers of this holding layer, which are then under longitudinal fiber tension due to these tensile forces. Such reinforcing fibers are in particular circumferential fibers, i.e. H. reinforcing fibers wound or extending in the circumferential direction. Reinforcing fibers which cross at an angle to the circumferential direction can also be provided. It is the ceramic inner layer through this holding layer under pressure preload (the relevant compressive forces point in the hollow revolution body in the circumferential direction), so that much higher internal pressures are tolerated than with a hollow body whose wall consists only of ceramic material. The ceramic inner layer is then not subjected to too much tension under internal pressure, which it might not be able to withstand. The compressive stress mentioned can also be made so large that the ceramic inner layer is only under compressive stress at lower internal pressures; It can withstand compressive stress better than tensile stress. Furthermore, this holding layer can have a high modulus of elasticity, an extremely low thermal expansion and a relatively high temperature resistance. For thermal insulation, the insulating ceramic intermediate layer is provided between the two other layers mentioned. By means of this intermediate layer, the heat conduction to the outside can be reduced and thus the heat can be kept inside and overheating of the holding layer and a decrease in the strength of the holding layer can be prevented. Thanks to this intermediate layer, the wall can be kept at a temperature which is tolerable for the material of the holding layer under thermal load with low cooling capacity.

Ausbildungen und Weiterentwicklungen der erfindungsgemäßen Wand sind insbesondere in den Unteransprüchen 2 bis 6 aufgeführt.Training and further developments of the wall according to the invention are listed in particular in subclaims 2 to 6.

Für den Anspruch 2 gilt ebenfalls all das, was über die Wand bzw. ihre drei Schichten im Anschluß an die Angabeder Erfindung, d. h. an den diesbezüglichen Hinweis auf das Kennzeichen des Anspruchs 1 ausführlich ausgeführt ist, nur daß jetzt die metallische Halteschicht bzw. deren Metall von der Art ist, daß sie bzw. das Metall nun der Wand große Festigkeit oder Festigkeiten anderer Art als die Verschleißfestigkeit verleiht, insbesondere große Zugfestigkeit, und nur daß jetzt die genannten Zugkräfte von dieser metallischen Haiteschicht aufgenommen werden können und die keramische Innenschicht durch diese metallische Halteschicht unter eine genannte Druckvorspannung gesetzt werden kann. Ferner sind bei der Halteschicht aus Metall die Festigkeit, z.B. die Zugfestigkeit, der Elastizitätsmodul und die Temperaturbeständigkeit öfter kleiner und ist dort die Wärmedehnung öfter größer als bei faserverstärkten Werkstoffen, was auch für hochwarmfesten Stahl als bevorzugtes Halteschicht-Metall - siehe den Anspruch 4 - gelten kann. Insbesondere wegen dieser öfter kleineren Temperaturbeständigkeit und größeren Wärmedehnung ist die Isolierkeramik-Zwischenschicht vorgesehen. Die im Anspruch 3 genannten keramischen Werkstoffe der keramischen Innenschicht weisen hohe Temperaturfestigkeit und hohe Verschleiß- bzw. Abriebfestigkeit auf, undsiehe den Anspruch 5 - kohlenstoffaserverstärkter Graphit, für die Halteschicht, weist große Zugfestigkeit auf. Die im Anspruch 6 angegebenen Werkstoffe für die Zwischenschicht sind gut wärmeisolierend. Der faserverstärkte Werkstoff (Einbettungswerkstoff, Matrix) der Halteschicht ist insbesondere organischer Werkstoff oder Metall.For claim 2 also applies everything that about the wall or its three layers following the disclosure of the invention, i. H. to the relevant reference to the characterizing part of claim 1 is detailed, only that now the metallic holding layer or its metal is of the type that it or the metal now gives the wall great strength or strengths of a type other than wear resistance, in particular great tensile strength, and only that the aforementioned tensile forces can now be absorbed by this metallic shark layer and the ceramic inner layer can be placed under the aforementioned compressive stress by means of this metallic retaining layer. Furthermore, the strength, e.g. the tensile strength, the modulus of elasticity and the temperature resistance are often lower and the thermal expansion there is often greater than in the case of fiber-reinforced materials, which can also apply to high-temperature steel as the preferred holding layer metal - see claim 4. In particular because of this often lower temperature resistance and greater thermal expansion, the insulating ceramic intermediate layer is provided. The ceramic materials of the ceramic inner layer mentioned in claim 3 have high temperature resistance and high wear or abrasion resistance, and see claim 5 - carbon fiber reinforced graphite, for the holding layer, has great tensile strength. The materials specified in claim 6 for the intermediate layer are good heat insulation. The fiber-reinforced material (embedding material, matrix) of the holding layer is in particular organic material or metal.

Die keramische Innenschicht kann insbesondere dadurch unter eine genannte Druckvorspannung gesetzt werden, daß gemäß dem Anspruch 7 vorgegangen wird. Z.B. werden also die drei Schichten als feste Hohlkörper hergestellt und der Zwischenschicht-Hohlkörper auf den Innenschicht-Hohlkörper und der Halteschicht-Hohlkörper auf den Zwischenschicht-Hohlkörper aufgeschrumpft. Dieses Verfahren ist z.B. zur Herstellung des Rohrs (siehe den Überbegriff des Anspruchs 1) geeignet. Das Verfahren ist relativ einfach durchzuführen.The ceramic inner layer can, in particular, be placed under a specified compressive stress by proceeding according to claim 7. E.g. the three layers are thus produced as solid hollow bodies and the intermediate layer hollow body is shrunk onto the inner layer hollow body and the holding layer hollow body onto the intermediate layer hollow body. This method is e.g. suitable for producing the tube (see the preamble of claim 1). The procedure is relatively simple to carry out.

Insbesondere bei einem komplizierter geformten hohlen Körper, aber auch z. B. bei einem Rohr, kann bezüglich der Isolierkeramik-Zwischenschicht und der Halteschicht aus Metall wie in den Ansprüchen 8, 10 und 11 angegeben vorgegangen werden. Das im Anspruch 8 genannte Aufbringen der Pulverschicht geschieht insbesondere wie im Anspruch 9 angegeben. Durch aufsintern des Metalls (Anspruch 10), insbesondere des hochwarmfesten Stahls, auf die Isolierkeramik-Zwischenschicht ergibt sich von selbst eine genannte Druckvorspannung der keramischen Innenschicht, da bei der Abkühlung nach dem Sintern die Schrumpfung des Metalls größer ist als die Schrumpfung der keramischen Innenschicht bzw. des keramischen Innenteils.Especially with a more complex shaped hollow body, but also e.g. B. in a tube, can be proceeded with respect to the insulating ceramic intermediate layer and the holding layer made of metal as specified in claims 8, 10 and 11. The application of the powder layer mentioned in claim 8 takes place in particular as specified in claim 9. By sintering the metal (claim 10), in particular the high-temperature steel, onto the insulating ceramic intermediate layer, the compressive prestressing of the ceramic inner layer arises by itself, since upon cooling after sintering, the shrinkage of the metal is greater than the shrinkage of the ceramic inner layer or of the ceramic inner part.

Die Erfindung wird insbesondere bei einer Dieselmotor-Vorbrennkammer, einer Verbrennungsmotor-Zylinderlaufbuchse, einem heißgasberührten Gehäuse oder Gehäuseteil, einem Wälzlagerring und einem Gleitlager, z. B. bei Lagerschalen desselben, als genanntem hohlem Körper angewendet. Diese Einrichtungen bzw. Teile sind thermisch und mechanisch (insbesondere durch genannten Innendruck und/ oder Reibung) erheblich belastet. Ferner ist bei ihnen meist eine gute Wärmeisolation erwünscht, insbesondere bei der genannten Vorbrennkammer und der genannten Zylinderlaufbuchse zur Kleinhaltung der Verluste des Motors.The invention is particularly in a diesel engine pre-combustion chamber, an internal combustion engine cylinder liner, a housing or housing part in contact with hot gas, a rolling bearing ring and a plain bearing, for. B. applied to bearing shells of the same, as a hollow body. These devices or parts are thermally and mechanically stressed (in particular by the internal pressure and / or friction mentioned). Furthermore, good thermal insulation is usually desired with them, especially in the case of the above-mentioned pre-combustion chamber and the cylinder liner mentioned to keep the losses of the engine small.

In der Zeichnung sind zwei Ausführungsbeispiele der erfindungsgemäßen mehrschichtigen Wand bei einer Vorbrennkammer und einer Zylinderlaufbuchse eines Dieselmotors in einem Längsschnitt dargestellt.In the drawing, two exemplary embodiments of the multi-layer wall according to the invention in a pre-combustion chamber and a cylinder liner of a diesel engine are shown in a longitudinal section.

Die Vorbrennkammer 22 und die Zylinderlaufbuchse 23 sind hohle Umdrehungskörper. Die Vorbrennkammer 22 befindet sich in einer Bohrung eines Zylinderkopfs 13 aus Stahl. Sie bzw. ihre Wand besteht aus einer wärmefesten, keramischen Innenschicht 10 aus Siliziumkarbid (SiC), einer Isolierkeramik-Schicht 11 aus Magnesiumaluminiumsilikat (MAS) und einer Halteschicht 12 aus kohlenstoffaserverstärktem Graphit. Die keramische Innenschicht 10 verläuft, zur Zylinderlaufbuchse 23 hin gesehen, so, daß der Innenraum der Vorbrennkammer 22 sich zuerst kegelstumpfförmig verengt, anschließend, zur Bildung eines bauchigen Brennraums 19, sich kegelstumpfförmig erweitert und dann beckenartig zusammenzieht, um daran anschließend zylindrisch zu verlaufen. Die Halteschicht 12 bzw. also die Vorbrennkammer 22 ist außen längs den beiden Kegelstümpfen zylindrisch, um sich dann ebenfalls beckenartig zusammenzuziehen und dann zylindrisch zu verlaufen. Die genannte Zylinderkopfbohrung hat die gleiche Form und die gleichen Abmessungen.The pre-combustion chamber 22 and the cylinder liner 23 are hollow revolution bodies. The pre-combustion chamber 22 is located in a bore in a steel cylinder head 13. It or its wall consists of a heat-resistant, ceramic inner layer 10 made of silicon carbide (SiC), an insulating ceramic layer 11 made of magnesium aluminum silicate (MAS) and a holding layer 12 made of carbon fiber reinforced graphite. The ceramic inner layer 10 extends, as seen towards the cylinder liner 23, so that the interior of the pre-combustion chamber 22 first narrows in the shape of a truncated cone, then, to form a bulbous combustion chamber 19, widens in the shape of a truncated cone and then contracts like a basin, in order then to run cylindrical. The holding layer 12 or thus the pre-combustion chamber 22 is cylindrical on the outside along the two truncated cones, in order then also to contract like a basin and then to run cylindrical. The cylinder head bore mentioned has the same shape and the same dimensions.

Die Vorbrennkammer 22 ist, damit die Halteschicht 12 aufgebracht werden kann, aus drei axial aufeinanderfolgenden Teilen zusammengesetzt, wobei die Teilebenen beim Zusammenstoß der beiden Kegelstümpfe und beim großen Beckendurchmesser liegen. Jeweils wird die keramische Innenschicht 10 als festes Teil hergestellt, die Isolierkeramik-Zwischenschicht 11 durch Aufbringen einer Schicht sinterfähigen Isolierkeramikpulvers aus Magnesiumaluminiumsilikat (MAS) auf den keramischen Innenkörper 10 durch isostatisches Pressen oder durch Umspritzen (Spritzguß) und Sintern dieser Pulverschicht hergestellt und die Halteschicht 12 als festes Teil hergestellt und auf die Isolierkeramik-Zwischenschicht 11 aufgeschrumpft.The pre-combustion chamber 22 is composed of three axially successive parts so that the holding layer 12 can be applied, the part planes being at the collision of the two truncated cones and with the large basin diameter. In each case, the ceramic inner layer 10 is produced as a solid part, the insulating ceramic intermediate layer 11 is produced by applying a layer of sinterable insulating ceramic powder made of magnesium aluminum silicate (MAS) to the ceramic inner body 10 by isostatic pressing or by overmolding (injection molding) and sintering this powder layer, and the holding layer 12 produced as a solid part and shrunk onto the insulating ceramic intermediate layer 11.

Ein Einsatzstück 14 drückt die drei Vorbrennkammer-Teile in der Zylinderkopfbohrung mittels nicht dargestellter, das Einsatzstück 14 mit dem Zylinderkopf 13 verbindender, achsparalleler Schrauben gegeneinander und gegen das Becken des Zylinderkopfs 13. Der Ausströmzylinder der Vorbrennkammer 22 ragt etwas in den Brennraum 20 des Motorzylinders hinein, weist dort auf dem Umfang gleichmäßig verteilt angeordnete, etwa radiale Ausströmkanäle 15 auf und geht mit seinen drei Schichten 10 bis 12 in eine also ebenfalls dreischichtige, ihn abschließende Stirnwand über.An insert piece 14 presses the three pre-combustion chamber parts in the cylinder head bore by means of screws (not shown) connecting the insert piece 14 to the cylinder head 13 against one another and against the basin of the cylinder head 13. The outflow cylinder of the pre-combustion chamber 22 protrudes somewhat into the combustion chamber 20 of the engine cylinder , there has approximately radial outflow channels 15 arranged uniformly distributed over the circumference and merges with its three layers 10 to 12 into a three-layer end wall that also closes it.

Die Zylinderlaufbuchse 23 ist ein Hohlzylinderkörper und sitzt in einem Motorblock 21, mit dem, was nicht dargestellt ist, der Zylinderkopf 13 verschraubt ist. Die Zylinderlaufbuchse 23 bzw. ihre Wand besteht aus einer wärme- und verschleiß- bzw. abriebfesten, keramischen Innenschicht 16 aus Siliziumkarbid (SiC), einer Isolierkeramik-Schicht 17 aus Aluminiumtitanat (AITi03) und einer Halteschicht 18 aus hochwarmfesten Stahl. Die Schichten 16 und 17 werden einzeln als feste Teile hergestellt, und das Teil 17 wird auf das Teil 16 aufgeschrumpft. Die Halteschicht 18 wird dann durch Aufbringen eines sinterfahigen Pulvers aus hochwarmfesten Stahl auf das Teil 17 durch isostatischen Pressen oder durch Umspritzen (Spritzguß) und Sintern dieser Pulverschicht hergestellt.The cylinder liner 23 is a hollow cylinder body and sits in an engine block 21, with which, not shown, the cylinder head 13 is screwed. The cylinder liner 23 or its wall consists of a heat and wear or abrasion resistant, ceramic inner layer 16 made of silicon carbide (SiC), an insulating ceramic layer 17 made of aluminum titanate (AITi0 3 ) and a holding layer 18 made of high-temperature steel. The layers 16 and 17 are manufactured individually as solid parts, and the part 17 is shrunk onto the part 16. The holding layer 18 is then produced by applying a sinterable powder made of high-temperature steel to the part 17 by isostatic pressing or by overmolding (injection molding) and sintering this powder layer.

Nachfolgend wird beispielhaft ein erfindungsgemäßes Verfahren zur Herstellung einer Zylinderlaufbuchse aus SiC/MAS und Nimonic 90R angegeben. Zunächst wird ein Keramikrohr aus drucklos gesintertem SiC mit den Maßen Innendurchmesser 70 mm, Außendurchmesser 80 mm und Länge 100 mm hergestellt. Dieses Rohr wird durch Kaltisostatpressen mit einer solchen Glaspulverschicht umgeben, die durch Wärmebehandlung in eine MAS-Schicht überführbar ist. Die Herstellung eines solchen Glaspulvers wird beschrieben in "Properties of Cordierit Glass-Ceramics Produced by Sintering and Crystallization of Glass Powder" by Claes I. Helgesson in Science of Ceramics Vol. 8 1979, Seiten 347 bis 361, veröffentlicht von The British Ceramic Society. Die fertige MAS-Schicht wird spanabhebend bearbeitet, so daß ein SiC-Rohr mit einer Außenschicht von ca. 5 mm Dicke aus MAS entsteht. Dieser Verbundkörper aus keramischer Innen- und MAS-Zwischenschicht wird nun mit einer 5 mm dicken Schicht aus Kohlenstoffasern in Umfangsrichtung gewickelt und mit zur rückstandsreichen Verkokung geeignetem Harz (Phenole, Polyimide, Polyphenylene) imprägniert. Das Harz wird unter Sauerstoffabschluß (üblicherweise unter Schutzgas) bei Temperaturen bis 1000°C verkokt. Das Imprägnieren und Verkoken wird zwei bis fünf mal wiederholt. Anschließend erfolgt eine Graphitierung durch Erhitzen unter Schutzgas auf 2000°C während einer Dauer von 10 Stunden. Anstelle der Kohlefaser können auch mit Borkarbid beschichtete Borfasern zur Anwendung kommen in einer Mätrix von Aluminium, wobei vorzugsweise Aluminium 6061 F oder Aluminium 2024 F verwendet wird. In diesem Fall erfolgt eine Wärmebehandlung bei einer Temperatur von 560° C unter einem Arbeitsdruck von 15 bar.A method according to the invention for producing a cylinder liner from SiC / MAS and Nimonic 90 R is given below by way of example. First, a ceramic tube made of pressure-free sintered SiC with the dimensions inner diameter 70 mm, outer diameter 80 mm and length 100 mm is produced. This tube is surrounded by cold isostat presses with a glass powder layer which can be converted into a MAS layer by heat treatment. The preparation of such a glass powder is described in "Properties of Cordierite Glass-Ceramics Produced by Sintering and Crystallization of Glass Powder" by Claes I. Helgesson in Science of Ceramics Vol. 8 1979, pages 347 to 361, published by The British Ceramic Society. The finished MAS layer is machined so that an SiC tube with an outer layer of approximately 5 mm thickness is made of MAS. This composite body made of ceramic inner and MAS intermediate layer is now wrapped with a 5 mm thick layer of carbon fibers in the circumferential direction and impregnated with resin (phenols, polyimides, polyphenylenes) suitable for residue-rich coking. The resin is under Oxygenation (usually under protective gas) coked at temperatures up to 1000 ° C. The impregnation and coking are repeated two to five times. This is followed by graphitization by heating under protective gas to 2000 ° C for a period of 10 hours. Instead of carbon fiber, boron carbide-coated boron fibers can also be used in a matrix of aluminum, preferably aluminum 6061 F or aluminum 2024 F being used. In this case, heat treatment is carried out at a temperature of 560 ° C under a working pressure of 15 bar.

Anstelle einer faserverstärkten Halteschicht kann eine solche aus Metall aufgebracht werden.Instead of a fiber-reinforced holding layer, one made of metal can be applied.

Die äußere Halteschicht besteht aus wärmebeständigem Stahl wie z. B. X 10 CrNiTi 1810, Inconel 718R Oder C 263 oder Mimonic 90R. Die Verbindung der äußeren Halteschicht mit dem aus Innenschicht und Zwischenschicht bestehenden Verbundkörper erfolgt vorzugsweise durch Schrumpfen, indem ein Rohr aus Nimonic 90 mit einem Außendurchmesser von 100 mm, Innendurchmesser 90,4 mm ± 50 um, Länge 100 mm hergestellt wird, auf 600° C erhitzt wird und auf den Verbundkörper aufgeschoben wird. Beim Abkühlen erfolgt dann die Schrumpfverbindung.The outer holding layer consists of heat-resistant steel such as. B. X 10 CrNiTi 1810, Inconel 718 R O the C 263 or Mimonic 90 R. The connection of the outer holding layer with the composite body consisting of inner layer and intermediate layer is preferably carried out by shrinking, in that a tube made of Nimonic 90 with an outer diameter of 100 mm, inner diameter 90.4 mm ± 50 μm, length 100 mm is produced at 600 ° C. is heated and is pushed onto the composite body. The shrink connection then takes place on cooling.

Ein weiteres Beispiel für die Anwendung des erfindungsgemäßen Verfahrens zur Herstellung einer Vorbrennkammer läuft wie folgt ab: Es wird ein Innenteil der Vorbrennkammer aus drucklos gesintertem Si3N4 hergestellt. Danach wird eine MAS-Schicht als Zwischenschicht aufgebracht wie in dem erst beschriebenen Verfahrensbeispiel. Zur Herstellung der äußeren Halteschicht wird eine Pulverschicht aus Udimet 700R-Pulver (Korngröße

Figure imgb0001
45 µm) durch kaltisostatisches Pressen bei 2000 bar auf die MAS-Schicht aufgebracht. Danach erfolgt eine mechanische Bearbeitung der noch grünen Schicht auf eine Wandstärke von 6 mm. Dieser mechanischen Bearbeitung schließt sich Sintern durch Erhitzen des gesamten Körpers auf 1200°C unter Schutzgas während einer Dauer von 4 Stunden an. Dabei beträgt die aufheizgeschwindigkeit 5° C pro Minute.Another example of the use of the method according to the invention for producing a pre-combustion chamber proceeds as follows: An inner part of the pre-combustion chamber is produced from pressurelessly sintered Si 3 N 4 . A MAS layer is then applied as an intermediate layer, as in the process example just described. A powder layer made of Udimet 700 R powder (grain size
Figure imgb0001
45 µm) by cold isostatic pressing at 2000 bar on the MAS layer. The green layer is then mechanically processed to a wall thickness of 6 mm. This mechanical processing is followed by sintering by heating the entire body to 1200 ° C under a protective gas for a period of 4 hours. The heating rate is 5 ° C per minute.

Claims (11)

1. Multi-layer wall of a hollow body, particularly a body of revolution e.g. of a tube or housing, characterised in that on the loading side, i.e. internally, this wall has a heat and/or wear- resistant ceramic inner layer (10), an outer supporting layer (12) of fibre reinforced material or metal and an intermediate layer (11) of heat insulating ceramic material between these layers (10, 12), the intermediate layer being shrunk or sintered onto the inner layer.
2. Multi-layer hollow body wall according to Claim 1, characterised in that the supporting layer (12) exerts an initial compressive strain on the bonded structure which consists of inner and intermediate layers (10, 11).
Multi-layer hollow body wall according to Ctaim 1 or 2, characterised in that the material of the said ceramic inner layer (10, 16) is silicon carbide (SiC) or silicon nitride (Si3n4).
4. Multi-layer hollow body wall according to Claims 1 to 3, characterised in that the metal is highly heat resistant steel.
5. Multi-layer hollow body wall according to Claims 1 to 4, characterised in that the fibre- reinforced material is carbon fibre reinforced graphite.
6. Multi-layer hollow body wall according to at least one of Claims 1 to 5, characterised in that the heat insulating ceramic material is lithium aluminium silicate (LAS), Magnesium aluminium silicate (MAS), Aluminium titanate (AITi03) or pyrolytic boron nitride (BN).
7. A method of producing the multi-layer wall according to at least one of Claims 1 to 6 characterised in that the said supporting layer (12,17) is shrunk onto the bonded member consisting of inner and intermediate layers.
8. A method of producing a multi-layer wall according to at least one of Claims 1 to 6, characterised in that the insulatingceramic intermediate layer (11) is produced by applying a layer of sinterable insulating ceramic powder and sintering it.
9. Method according to Claim 8, characterised in that the layer of powder is applied by isostatic moulding or by injection (injection moulding). 10. Method of producing the multi-layer wall according to at least one of Claims 1 to 9, characterised in that the supporting layer of metal is produced by pouring the metal around in a casting mould.
11. Method of producing a multi-layer wall according to Claim 8 or 9, characterised in that the outer ssupporting layer is produced from metal by applying a layer of sinterable metal powder to the bonded member consisting of internal and intermediate layers and then sintering the powder.
EP82107582A 1981-08-21 1982-08-19 Laminated wall of a hollow body and process for manufacturing the same Expired EP0073024B1 (en)

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