EP0072020B1 - Condenseur ouvert - Google Patents

Condenseur ouvert Download PDF

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Publication number
EP0072020B1
EP0072020B1 EP82107213A EP82107213A EP0072020B1 EP 0072020 B1 EP0072020 B1 EP 0072020B1 EP 82107213 A EP82107213 A EP 82107213A EP 82107213 A EP82107213 A EP 82107213A EP 0072020 B1 EP0072020 B1 EP 0072020B1
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EP
European Patent Office
Prior art keywords
steam
heat exchange
liquid
elements
columns
Prior art date
Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
Expired
Application number
EP82107213A
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German (de)
English (en)
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EP0072020A1 (fr
Inventor
Karl-Wilhelm Thomas
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Individual
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Individual
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Publication date
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Application filed by Individual filed Critical Individual
Publication of EP0072020A1 publication Critical patent/EP0072020A1/fr
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Classifications

    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F28—HEAT EXCHANGE IN GENERAL
    • F28B—STEAM OR VAPOUR CONDENSERS
    • F28B3/00—Condensers in which the steam or vapour comes into direct contact with the cooling medium
    • F28B3/06—Condensers in which the steam or vapour comes into direct contact with the cooling medium by injecting the steam or vapour into the cooling liquid

Definitions

  • the invention relates to a method for low-noise introduction of large amounts of steam into a flowing liquid for heating it, in which the steam is passed through heat exchange elements of a heat exchanger, in which the liquid, at least at the outlet end of the heat exchange element or elements, is guided essentially axially parallel to the latter is. Furthermore, the invention relates to a device for performing this method with a heat exchanger having heat exchange elements, in which the liquid is guided in the aforementioned manner.
  • a method for heating water by means of water vapor in which the water vapor is passed through an open tube bundle, past which the liquid to be heated flows parallel to the axis.
  • the device provided for this purpose is operated or is dimensioned with regard to the length and the diameter of the tubes such that all of the water vapor is completely relaxed and condensed at the end of the tube bundle at the latest.
  • the invention is therefore based on the object of finding a method of the type mentioned which operates with less noise and has a considerably larger control range with stable operation, and to provide a device for carrying out this method, the outlay in terms of apparatus being comparatively low.
  • this object is achieved according to the invention in that the steam and the liquid are exposed to such temperature and flow conditions that the emerging steam in the form of connected, stable steam columns connected to the heat exchange elements into the liquid parallel to the flow reaches in.
  • a device for carrying out this method is characterized according to the invention in that the heat exchange surface and the openings of the heat exchange element (s) are designed in such a way that the emerging steam in the form of continuous, stable steam columns connected to the heat exchange elements into the liquid parallel to the liquid Flow into it.
  • the principle of complete condensation within a tube bundle flowed around by the medium to be heated is deliberately deviated here by introducing the steam in the form of a coherent, stable steam column - but not in the form of small bubbles - parallel to the flow of the medium to be heated.
  • the interface which forms between the steam column and this medium outside the tube bundle thus acts as a heat exchange surface without a partition, the steam column surprisingly dissolving after a certain distance without condensation and thus without making a lot of noise.
  • heat exchange surfaces for example the tube bundle
  • the heat exchange surfaces can be kept relatively small, since part of the heat exchange surfaces is formed by the interface between the steam column and the medium to be heated.
  • Both direct current and counter-current operation are possible.
  • the disadvantage of countercurrent operation compared to direct current operation that the condensate admixed has to be cooled with relatively warmer liquid, is offset by the advantage of the larger average temperature difference in countercurrent. If necessary, the advantages or disadvantages predominate can be calculated.
  • the heat exchange elements can be cylindrical or box-shaped. A forced redirection of the liquid flow can be carried out within the bundle.
  • the steam In order to achieve high performance, the steam must be introduced into a flowing liquid. Normally, a pump and corresponding guide elements around the heat exchange elements (often identical to the housing) are required. But it can also be a convection flow should be sufficient. Since the state in which the steam column emerges vertically upwards or downwards is the most stable, a vertical arrangement of the heat exchange elements is preferred. In the case of very long heat exchange elements, support against one another may be necessary in order to prevent the individual elements from hitting or sagging. A screen mesh can also perform this task.
  • An inner chamfer or outer chamfer is particularly useful for thick-walled pipes.
  • the largest control range and the greatest steam output can be achieved with vertical installation and steam guidance from top to bottom.
  • the device can be produced inexpensively from standard pipeline parts; they are also available in stainless steel quality.
  • the tube sheets can be made from standard flanges on NC machines. If necessary, the apparatus can also be inserted into a corresponding piping system without its own housing.
  • the open tube bundle condenser as is shown schematically in FIG. 1, essentially consists of a plug-in tube bundle 1 which projects into a housing 2.
  • the upper part of the apparatus is very similar to a classic heat exchanger.
  • the liquid enters or exits through the connector 4 attached to the side of the housing.
  • the main difference occurs in the lower area of the apparatus.
  • the tubes 3 do not end in a tube sheet 5 as above, but open out freely.
  • Steam is fed through the nozzle 7. If the liquid enters at 4 and exits the nozzle 6, there is direct current operation, it enters at 6 and exits at 4, counter-current operation. Regardless of whether the operation is carried out in cocurrent or countercurrent operation, very stable steam columns 8 can protrude from the tubes 3 into the liquid at low temperature differences between liquid and steam.
  • Vertical tube bundles 1 are preferred.
  • a particularly compact steam column is obtained when steam is introduced from top to bottom; in the opposite case, the steam column is drawn out longer.
  • the pipes 3 can run out bluntly; in order to generate as little eddy as possible, it can be advantageous to chamfer the pipes inside or outside.
  • FIG. 2 shows a tube bundle 1 with a different design.
  • flat chambers are present here.
  • support fabrics to improve the mechanical stability or baffles to divert the flow around the tubes; they are not drawn here.
  • the flow around the tubes should run largely parallel and with little swirl to the tubes. Since the pressure differences inside and outside the flat chamber are very small, the wall thickness can be very low.
  • FIGS. 3 and 4 Typical applications are shown in FIGS. 3 and 4. The same features have the same reference numerals in both figures.
  • the steam heater 20 is operated in countercurrent, in FIG. 4 in cocurrent for heating an agitator tank 21.
  • the water 22 in the heating jacket 23 of the agitator tank 21 is circulated through pipes 24 through the centrifugal pump 25 and conveyed through the heater 20.
  • the cascade temperature control 26 opens the valve 27 and steam 28 flows into the heater 20.
  • a pressure control 29 keeps the pressure in the system constant by discharging excess condensate (possibly also cooling water) via valve 30. If the product temperature in the agitator tank 21 is to be lowered, the temperature control 26 closes the steam valve 27 and opens the cooling water valve 31.
  • the housing also made of stainless steel, had a nominal width of 100.
  • a 10 m3 agitator tank was heated by means of pressurized water heating circuits by introducing 400 kg of water vapor / h.
  • the water circulation was around 25 m 3 / h, the water temperature before steam introduction 25 ° C, the maxi times allowed water circulation temperature was 130 ° C, the water pressure at the entrance to the heater 4.2 bar, the steam pressure 5 bar.
  • the noise level during operation was 70 dBA. It was not measurably increased by the introduction of steam.
  • a noise level of 98 dBA is measured at the beginning of the heating process and a noise level of 80 dBA is still measured at the end of the heating process.
  • Another advantage of the heater according to the invention is the relatively low pressure drop on the liquid side and the very large steam control ratio.
  • the pressure loss without steam input was less than 0.1 bar; with conventional warmers it is 0.6 bar.
  • the permissible steam control ratio is 1: 7, in special versions up to 1:60.
  • the steam input varied between 0 and 400 kg / h; the steam control ratio is practically infinite. Via an enlarged valve, steam input of 1200 kg / h was achieved without the noise increasing. The upper limit of performance has not yet been reached.
  • FIGS. 5 and 6 Another form of the device according to the invention is shown in FIGS. 5 and 6.
  • This is a flat chamber bundle 40, similar to that in Fig. 2, in a rectangular housing 41.
  • the steam enters laterally through the flange 42 and the liquid flows through the housing 41 in cocurrent from top 43 to bottom 44 or in countercurrent from 44 after 43.
  • the steam enters the cage 45 at the flange 42; this has the function of carrying the flat chamber heat exchanger elements 46 and of ensuring the steam distribution.
  • Rings 44 are installed within the flat chambers 46, which are intended to prevent the flat chambers from being pressed together, but to allow steam to pass through.
  • Rings 48 are in turn to ensure a minimum distance between the flat chambers 46 between the flat chambers 46.
  • Knobs 49 on the outside of the flat chambers also have the same function. In addition, these knobs 49 still serve to improve the heat transfer.
  • the flat chambers and the rings are pressed together with the yoke 50.
  • a tube condenser can also be operated for heating without forced circulation. Cooler liquid is drawn in through the openings 61 at the bottom of the housing 62, into which the heat exchange elements 63 open at the top extend, by steam injection via the flange 60. There is a convection flow.
  • stable steam columns can be formed, which extend upwards into the liquid from the heat exchange elements 63.
  • steam and liquid flows should always be routed in parallel near the ends of the heat exchange elements. The steam should flow into the liquid as vertically as possible. In the case of a horizontal steam column, the end of the column is bent upward due to the lower vapor density, steam bubbles being torn out of the columns and being able to cavitate, at least in the case of large steam outputs and thus long steam columns.

Landscapes

  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
  • General Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Heat-Exchange Devices With Radiators And Conduit Assemblies (AREA)
  • Physical Or Chemical Processes And Apparatus (AREA)
  • Vaporization, Distillation, Condensation, Sublimation, And Cold Traps (AREA)

Claims (3)

1. Procédé pour introduire avec peu de bruit de grandes quantités de vapeur dans un liquide qui s'écoule en vue de le chauffer, qui consiste à faire passer la vapeur dans des éléments d'échange de chaleur d'un échangeur de chaleur, dans lesquels le liquide est conduit, au moins à l'extrémité de sortie de l'élément d'échange de chaleur ou des éléments d'échange de chaleur, sensiblement parallèlement à l'axe de celui-ci ou de ceux-ci, caractérisé en ce qu'il consiste à soumettre la vapeur et le liquide à des conditions de température et d'écoulement telles que la vapeur, qui sort sous forme de colonnes de vapeur stables, continues et se raccordant aux éléments d'échange de chaleur, arrive dans le liquide en étant parallèle au courant.
2. Installation pour la mise en oeuvre du procédé suivant la revendication 1, comprenant un échangeur de chaleur présentant un élément d'échange de chaleur dans lequel le liquide est conduit au moins à l'extrémité de sortie de l'élément d'échange de chaleur, sensiblement parallèlement à l'axe de celui-ci ou de ceux-ci, caractérisée en ce que les surfaces d'échange de chaleur et les ouvertures de l'élément d'échange de chaleur, ou des éléments d'échange de chaleur (3, 46, 63), sont agencées de manière que la vapeur, qui sort sous forme de colonnes de vapeur (8) stables, continues et se raccordant aux éléments d'échange de chaleur, arrive dans le liquide en étant parallèle à l'écoulement.
3. Installation suivant la revendication 2, caractérisée en ce que les colonnes de vapeur (8) arrivent verticalement dans le liquide.
EP82107213A 1981-08-12 1982-08-10 Condenseur ouvert Expired EP0072020B1 (fr)

Applications Claiming Priority (2)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
DE3131785 1981-08-12
DE19813131785 DE3131785A1 (de) 1981-08-12 1981-08-12 Offener kondensator

Publications (2)

Publication Number Publication Date
EP0072020A1 EP0072020A1 (fr) 1983-02-16
EP0072020B1 true EP0072020B1 (fr) 1985-01-16

Family

ID=6139111

Family Applications (1)

Application Number Title Priority Date Filing Date
EP82107213A Expired EP0072020B1 (fr) 1981-08-12 1982-08-10 Condenseur ouvert

Country Status (2)

Country Link
EP (1) EP0072020B1 (fr)
DE (2) DE3131785A1 (fr)

Cited By (1)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
CN105387515A (zh) * 2015-12-22 2016-03-09 杨金伟 一种无压力智能热水供应系统

Families Citing this family (1)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
CN105222606B (zh) * 2015-09-22 2017-03-29 江苏中圣压力容器装备制造有限公司 一种高效闪蒸气（bog）再冷凝器

Family Cites Families (6)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
DE711432C (de) * 1938-07-22 1941-10-01 Karl Meienberg Oberflaechenkondensator
DE1451129A1 (de) * 1964-09-03 1969-05-14 Brown Boveri Krupp Reaktor Verfahren zum gleichzeitigen Kuehlen von Gemischen aus kondensierbaren Daempfen und unkondensierbaren Gasen
DE2102744A1 (en) * 1971-01-21 1972-08-03 Fritz Voltz Sohn Heat exchanger - with flattened oval heat transfer tubes
DE2336632C3 (de) * 1973-07-18 1978-03-23 Metallgesellschaft Ag, 6000 Frankfurt Wärmeaustauschvorrichtung
DE2439562A1 (de) * 1974-08-17 1976-02-26 Bayer Ag Dampf-kondensat-waermeaustauscher
DE2511763A1 (de) * 1975-03-18 1976-10-07 Mueller Ruediger E Dipl Ing Duese fuer direkte dampf- bzw. dampf- luftgemisch-kondensation zur verminderung von kondensationsschlaegen und deren auswirkungen

Cited By (1)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
CN105387515A (zh) * 2015-12-22 2016-03-09 杨金伟 一种无压力智能热水供应系统

Also Published As

Publication number Publication date
EP0072020A1 (fr) 1983-02-16
DE3261959D1 (en) 1985-02-28
DE3131785A1 (de) 1983-03-03

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