EP0063662B1 - Prefabricated unit for the realization of a construction frame - Google Patents

Abstract

1. Prefabricated assembly for the erection of the vertical bearing framework of a construction, particularly for making walls or partitions, of the type comprising uprights and longitudinal girders, the uprights being adapted to be aligned vertically, resting on a lower longitudinal girder, forming lower base plate, and supporting at their top an upper longitudinal girder forming upper belt, in which the uprights 8, 10 are formed by two identical wooden posts 7, 7', 9, 9' of quadrangular section, coupled and connected by struts 13, 14, 14' and all the uprights and longitudinal girders are provided with perforations made at modular interval and forming mortise, allowing the connection of the elements by insertion of a tenon or plug in the mortises brought into register between the elements to be assembled, characterized in that the uprights, 1, 1', 2, 2' are assembled with one another, as from prefabrication, by crosspieces 3, 4, 5, 3', 4', 5' articulated by one end on one upright, being inserted between the two posts, the opposite end of each crosspiece being articulated on the adjacent upright, allowing storage of the uprights, connected together by the articulated crosspieces, in compacted position, in which the uprights are disposed parallel to one another and side by side, the whole being capable of being displaced from this compacted position to a position of extension in which the uprights are spaced apart from one another by pivoting of the articulated crosspieces and are brought into their position of separation and at suitable distance, being immobilized in this position by crosspieces then perpendicular with respect to the uprights.

Description

The present invention relates to a prefabricated assembly which can be used to obtain, with limited and unskilled labor, the installation of a support structure.

The invention relates more specifically to the establishment of structure or framework for the erection of walls intended for the manufacture of premises such as residential houses, chalets, bungalows, light constructions, workshops, generally private or public premises.

The invention essentially uses wooden frame elements formed of longitudinal elements pre-assembled by prefabrication and able to be stored and transported in the folded state, the longitudinal elements being parallel to each other; these elements are capable of being deployed in their final position in situ and assembled on site to obtain a support structure for vertical walls, walls, partitions, or horizontal, for example floor or ceiling or roof elements.

Numerous processes are known for manufacturing from elements with a wooden structure.

However, these elements, even if they are obtained by prefabrication, are made in their final dimension and are intended to be transported as such to be assembled on site at the place of construction; it follows that these elements, for example the load-bearing walls, are already provided with framework elements which must give their rigidity and their mechanical resistance to the assembly as well as the surfacing and coating elements; so that we obtain large prefabricated elements whose handling and installation require teams of several people and experienced staff if not very specialized.

The invention aims to produce light framework elements which can be stored, sold, transported and brought on site in the folded position and which can therefore be transported by a limited number of people and reduced to a team of two workers, the elements are also likely to be deployed on site and brought into their position of use without requiring specialized professional work.

It allows both professionals and amateurs to realize, without much work and without special knowledge of the load-bearing walls, thanks to the transport, assembly and implementation of a support structure according to the invention, these structures being able to receive surfacing elements as well as the frames and thus allowing the rapid erection of prefabricated buildings.

The elements according to the invention combining the advantages of a prefabrication in the factory, therefore using elements produced in series and of limited cost price, as well as the advantages of a light assembly on site from a reduced team. and allowing rapid work, make it possible to considerably lower the cost price of constructions made from the elements of the invention and also open up to new layers of unskilled amateurs the possibilities of achieving a dwelling requiring no assistance or a very limited competition of professionals.

German Patent No. 385,976 describes a collapsible structure formed of slats forming a foldable articulated cross and deployable to form a diamond trellis secured by vertical slats; this device makes it possible to constitute a fulcrum for a non-load-bearing wall but it is not sufficient to constitute itself a load-bearing structure, framework of a construction; in addition, it uses two types of elements, on the one hand the foldable spider and on the other hand the fixing slats which must be attached to each crossing of the slats, which involves considerable work.

Dutch patent n ° 72 07690 provides a folding structure formed by a set of uprights assembled by a set of crosspieces which are common to all the uprights; the angular folding of the crosspieces brings the uprights one against the other, which results in a structure which remains bulky especially in length.

British Patent No. 151,604 describes a construction in which the uprights are formed of twin posts joined by crosspieces; however, this patent does not provide for an assembly of the posts to form a deployable structure capable of passing by simple extension from a compacted position to a deployed position covering an entire surface.

The published German patent No. 2 825 563 provides for a wooden supporting structure provided with rows of perforations making it possible to provide multiple and rapid fastening positions without however providing deployment systems for a compacted structure.

The invention relates to a prefabricated assembly for the erection of the vertical framework supporting a construction, in particular for the production of walls or partitions, of the type comprising uprights and side members, the uprights being able to be aligned vertically, in resting on a lower spar, forming a low sole, and supporting at their top an upper spar forming a high beam, in which the uprights are formed by two identical wooden posts of quadrangular section, twinned and joined by spacers and all the uprights and side members are provided with perforations made at modular intervals and forming a mortise, allowing the connection of the elements by insertion of a tenon or dowel in the mortises aligned between the elements to be assembled and characterized in that the uprights are assembled together , from prefabrication by crosspieces articulated by one end on an upright being inserted between the two posts the opposite end of each crosspiece being articulated on the neighboring upright, allowing the storage of the uprights, connected together by the articulated crosspieces, in the compacted position, in which the uprights are arranged parallel to each other and side by side, the assembly being capable of being moved from this compacted position to a deployment position in which the uprights are spaced from each other by pivoting of the articulated crosspieces and are brought in their spacing position and at a suitable distance, being immobilized in this position by crosspieces then perpendicular to the uprights.

• La figure 1 représente une vue en perspective d'une ossature montée.
• La figure 2 montre une vue schématique d'une première forme de réalisation de l'invention et le passage de la position de repli vers la position déployée.
• La figure 3 montre une vue éclatée d'une cloison réalisée à partir d'une armature ou ossature selon l'invention.

Other characteristics and advantages of the invention will emerge from the description which follows and which is given in relation to a particular embodiment presented by way of nonlimiting example and with reference to the appended drawings.

• Figure 1 shows a perspective view of a mounted frame.
• Figure 2 shows a schematic view of a first embodiment of the invention and the passage from the folded position to the deployed position.
• Figure 3 shows an exploded view of a partition made from a frame or frame according to the invention.

In Figure 2 we see a foldable frame for the establishment of a vertical wall such as a load-bearing wall or partition.

The frame consists of a plurality of longitudinal elements arranged here vertically and each constituting an upright 1, 1 ', 2, 2'.

These uprights are interconnected by arms or cross hinges articulated at each end on the uprights.

These crosspieces 3, 3 ', 4, 4', 5, 5 'make it possible to ensure, by their articulation, the passage of the reinforcing element from a folded position which is shown on the left of FIG. 1 and from FIG. 3 to a deployed position which is represented on the right of FIG. 1 and of FIG. 3.

In the folded position the crosspieces are brought against the uprights while in the deployed position the crosspieces play their role and are brought perpendicular to the uprights and ensure that the said uprights are kept at the correct spacing.

It can be seen here that the load-bearing reinforcement can therefore advantageously be produced with very light elements since it only comprises the framework, without any connection from the prefabrication stage with the surfacing and insulation elements; and this frame can be transported and stored in conditions requiring only a small footprint while brought on site it is quickly and error-free deployed and ready for assembly without calculations or measurements being necessary, the deployment ensuring the spacing necessarily correct amounts between them.

As can be seen in FIG. 3, the uprights are preferably produced in the form of two twin elements, for example two parallel posts 7 and 7 'together forming the upright 8, or 9, 9' forming by their assembly the upright 10.

The two posts 7 and 7 'are assembled by spacers 11, 11', 12 which are arranged along the length of the half uprights.

At each end there is a spacer 13 or lower spacer and a spacer 14 or upper spacer; the end spacers project beyond the end of the uprights as seen for example for the upper spacer 14 'at the end of the upright 10.

The projecting end of the outer spacers is inserted between two parallel rails which constitute the connecting beams of the uprights in their assembly and mounting position.

The lower spar 15 constitutes the lower sole and it assembles the uprights at their base, while the upper spar 16 constitutes the upper smooth and it ensures the connection to the top of the same uprights.

Thus, the uprights brought into a suitable spacing position thanks to the articulated crosspieces are connected not only by said crosspieces but also by upper and lower beams thereby ensuring perfect cohesion of the frame obtained.

The lower and upper rails respectively are themselves made up of two twin battens 36, 37, 39, 40 which are arranged at the same spacing as the posts so that the uprights are superimposed perpendicularly on the beams and the end spacer. respectively 13, 14, is thus inserted into the interior space which separates the parallel battens forming the spar.

The locking of the end spacers 13 and 14 is obtained by bolting, keying or fitting a dowel.

To this end, the side members have suitably spaced from the mortises while the end spacers of the uprights also include a mortise which is notably visible on the spacer 14 'of the upright 10; the spacing of the mortises 17, 17 ', 18, 18' of the longitudinal members is such that when the uprights are brought into the deployed position, the channels passing through the end spacers 13, 14 come into alignment with a corresponding perforation on the longitudinal member which which allows the installation of bolts ensuring the joining of the uprights and side members.

It can also be seen in FIG. 3 that the arms or crosspieces of the uprights consist of rods mounted at one end on a joint crossing the two twin elements of the upright.

The supporting structure according to the invention allows the insertion of a frame, for example a window.

For this purpose, the intermediate uprights are easily shifted from their normal place to separated positions, clearing the opening; all the uprights and crosspieces being made from wooden elements, it is easy to move these uprights by shortening the crosspieces to the appropriate length so as to ensure the positioning of the displaced uprights at the correct spacing necessary for the installation a frame and these posts or uprights remaining linked to the entire frame.

A lintel respectively lower 22 and upper 23 can be inserted between the uprights and the legs 24, can advantageously reinforce the lower space separating the two lateral uprights below the frame intended to be put in place.

It can be seen in FIG. 3 that the interior space between the uprights by virtue of the twin structure of the latter remains available for the insertion and installation of pipes carrying fluids 25, 25 ′ or currents 26; mattresses or plates of insulating material 27 can also advantageously be positioned in the interior space separating the uprights.

And respectively exterior surfacing panels 28, for example plywood or fiber cement, as well as the interior wall 29, made of reinforced plaster, are put in place.

Cross members forming bracing legs 42 will advantageously be placed diagonally using in particular the perforations 17, 17 'of the side members and / or uprights.

Figure 1 shows a perspective view of a supporting frame of a construction seen from an outside angle.

The left part of the figure shows the end of the load-bearing wall which can be built under the same conditions as the reinforcement shown in

FIG. 4, the upright 10 being shown in the two figures, respectively 4 and 1.

FIG. 1 illustrates a particular development of the invention and is constituted by a longitudinal lintel running either over the entire length of the load-bearing wall or at the level of the openings or frames requiring load recovery.

The lintel 43 consists of two parallel vertical blades 44 and 44 'respectively, which rest on the end of the posts forming the bottom wall; for this purpose, each blade comprises towards the outside stiffening strips respectively upper 46 and lower 47; it can be seen in FIG. 1 that the cleat 47 and blade 44 'assembly rests on the end of the posts 10' and 8 'respectively.

On the other side, the symmetrical blade 44 is also associated with a lower cleat and an upper cleat resting on the posts of. amounts.

The end spacer 50 belonging to the corner post 10 'enters the interior space separating the two blades 44, 44' and also ensures their bracing.

The lintel formed by the two blades 44, 44 ′ can advantageously and according to a characteristic of the invention, be reinforced by an inner fur disposed in the form of a wooden plank inserted longitudinally and parallel between the two blades thereby ensuring the reinforcement that may be necessary , for example in the case of construction in height, the wall having to support an upper floor.

The lintel 43 can advantageously be itself surmounted by a spar identical to the spar 16 of FIG. 4 and constituted by two cleats or parallel rails held by the assembly plate 49.

Thus, the lintel constitutes a particularly flexible complement since it can be used from the two parallel blades used alone or with an inner reinforcement fur; and the lintel can also be arranged either over the entire length of the construction, or over only a part of this length; the uprights being provided in the area not surmounted by the lintel, with a suitable height allowing them to catch up with the top rail 48, 49.

It can be seen that it is possible, in accordance with the invention, to produce structures or frameworks for the construction of load-bearing walls or not; in the case of a load-bearing wall, the latter could advantageously be completed on the outside by a lining forming a facing wall, for example of stones or bricks; but the framework can also be used for the establishment of interior walls of premises, allowing in particular good conditions of sound and thermal insulation.

In general, the invention is not limited to a dimensioning and the reinforcing elements can be produced in any size and any dimension and they can thus be put in place for the construction of light constructions and of dimension reduced for example animal shelter, garden shed, etc.

In addition, the invention also makes it possible to produce light cells which can be easily transported in volume for use as a shelter or a worksite hut. The invention makes it possible in particular to produce light constructions which are easily removable and which can thus be transported from one place to another, the reinforcing elements according to the invention then being returned to their folded position and allowing transport on volume. reduced.

Claims (6)

1. Prefabricated assembly for the erection of the vertical bearing framework of a construction, particularly for making walls or partitions, of the type comprising uprights and longitudinal girders, the uprights being adapted to be aligned vertically, resting on a lower longitudinal girder, forming lower base plate, and supporting at their top an upper longitudinal girder forming upper belt, in which the uprights 8, 10 are formed by two identical wooden posts 7, 7', 9, 9' of quadrangular section, coupled and connected by struts 13, 14, 14' and all the uprights and longitudinal girders are provided with perforations made at modular interval and forming mortise, allowing the connection of the elements by insertion of a tenon or plug in the mortises brought into register between the elements to be assembled, characterized in that the uprights, 1, 1', 2, 2' are assembled with one another, as from prefabrication, by crosspieces 3, 4, 5, 3', 4', 5' articulated by one end on one upright, being inserted between the two posts, the opposite end of each crosspiece being articulated on the adjacent upright, allowing storage of the uprights, connected together by the articulated crosspieces, in compacted position, in which the uprights are disposed parallel to one another and side by side, the whole being capable of being displaced from this compacted position to a position of extension in which the uprights are spaced apart from one another by pivoting of the articulated crosspieces and are brought into their position of separation and at suitable distance, being immobilized in this position by crosspieces then perpendicular with respect to the uprights.

2. Assembly according to Claim 1, characterized in that the longitudinal girders 15, 16 are constituted by two wooden strips 36, 37, 39, 40 of section identical to that of the posts, parallel and connected to one another by at least one longitudinal plate 38, 41, the strips being spaced apart and maintained in a spaced apart relationship corresponding to the spacing of the posts, the inner space between the two longitudinal strips making it possible to receive the projecting part of the end struts 13, 14, 14' of the posts.

3. Prefabricated assembly according to Claim 1, characterized in that the uprights 1, 1', 2, 2' comprise two successive rows of crosspieces 3, 4, 5, 3', 4', 5' articulated from one upright to the adjacent upright and the pivot pins of the crosspieces being positioned substantially in the upper and lower thirds of the length of each upright.

4. Prefabricated assembly according to Claim 1 hereinabove, characterized in that the uprights 8', 10' rest on a lower longitudinal girder 45 forming a lower base plate and support an upper belt 16, via a reinforcing and load distributing lintel 43, constituted by two vertical, parallel blades 44, 44', the two coupled blades each running plumb with an alignment of the coupled posts constituting the alignment of the lower uprights, the blades being associated with longitudinal strips, respectively upper (46) and lower (47), each blade and its associated lower strip resting on the top of an alignment of posts, the upper strip 16 of the blade supporting the strip 48 of the upper belt 49 constituting an inferior purlin, the strut 50 projecting beyond the end of the uprights 10', penetrating in the space separating the two coupled blades and ensuring bracing thereof.

5. Prefabricated assembly according to Claim 4 hereinabove, characterized in that the longitudinal blades 44, 44' constituting the reinforcing lintel 43 are associated with an inner lining, inserted in the space separating the two blades and constituting an element for reinforcing said lintel, such as wooden longitudinal girder of appropriate section, or metal armature.

6. Prefabricated assembly according to Claim 5 hereinabove, characterized in that it comprises, on the one hand, horizontal crosspieces 3, 4, 5 disposed at right angles with respect to the uprights 8, 10 and ensuring the spaced apart relationship of the uprights, and, on the other hand, diagonal crosspieces 42 inserted between the posts of the successive uprights and connected at least on one upright and on another longitudinal girder, the diagonal crosspiece ensuring square cross-bracing of the assembly.

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