EP0057635B1 - Method, self supporting screens and installations for the improvement of the efficiency of the methods of making prestressed concrete products - Google Patents

Method, self supporting screens and installations for the improvement of the efficiency of the methods of making prestressed concrete products Download PDF

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Publication number
EP0057635B1
EP0057635B1 EP82400136A EP82400136A EP0057635B1 EP 0057635 B1 EP0057635 B1 EP 0057635B1 EP 82400136 A EP82400136 A EP 82400136A EP 82400136 A EP82400136 A EP 82400136A EP 0057635 B1 EP0057635 B1 EP 0057635B1
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EP
European Patent Office
Prior art keywords
supporting
self
screens
reinforcements
hand
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EP82400136A
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German (de)
French (fr)
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EP0057635A3 (en
EP0057635A2 (en
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Mircéa Borcoman
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    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B28—WORKING CEMENT, CLAY, OR STONE
    • B28B—SHAPING CLAY OR OTHER CERAMIC COMPOSITIONS; SHAPING SLAG; SHAPING MIXTURES CONTAINING CEMENTITIOUS MATERIAL, e.g. PLASTER
    • B28B23/00—Arrangements specially adapted for the production of shaped articles with elements wholly or partly embedded in the moulding material; Production of reinforced objects
    • B28B23/02—Arrangements specially adapted for the production of shaped articles with elements wholly or partly embedded in the moulding material; Production of reinforced objects wherein the elements are reinforcing members
    • B28B23/04—Arrangements specially adapted for the production of shaped articles with elements wholly or partly embedded in the moulding material; Production of reinforced objects wherein the elements are reinforcing members the elements being stressed
    • B28B23/06—Arrangements specially adapted for the production of shaped articles with elements wholly or partly embedded in the moulding material; Production of reinforced objects wherein the elements are reinforcing members the elements being stressed for the production of elongated articles
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B28—WORKING CEMENT, CLAY, OR STONE
    • B28B—SHAPING CLAY OR OTHER CERAMIC COMPOSITIONS; SHAPING SLAG; SHAPING MIXTURES CONTAINING CEMENTITIOUS MATERIAL, e.g. PLASTER
    • B28B15/00—General arrangement or layout of plant ; Industrial outlines or plant installations
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B28—WORKING CEMENT, CLAY, OR STONE
    • B28B—SHAPING CLAY OR OTHER CERAMIC COMPOSITIONS; SHAPING SLAG; SHAPING MIXTURES CONTAINING CEMENTITIOUS MATERIAL, e.g. PLASTER
    • B28B23/00—Arrangements specially adapted for the production of shaped articles with elements wholly or partly embedded in the moulding material; Production of reinforced objects
    • B28B23/02—Arrangements specially adapted for the production of shaped articles with elements wholly or partly embedded in the moulding material; Production of reinforced objects wherein the elements are reinforcing members
    • B28B23/04—Arrangements specially adapted for the production of shaped articles with elements wholly or partly embedded in the moulding material; Production of reinforced objects wherein the elements are reinforcing members the elements being stressed
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B28—WORKING CEMENT, CLAY, OR STONE
    • B28B—SHAPING CLAY OR OTHER CERAMIC COMPOSITIONS; SHAPING SLAG; SHAPING MIXTURES CONTAINING CEMENTITIOUS MATERIAL, e.g. PLASTER
    • B28B5/00—Producing shaped articles from the material in moulds or on moulding surfaces, carried or formed by, in, or on conveyors irrespective of the manner of shaping
    • B28B5/10—Producing shaped articles from the material in moulds or on moulding surfaces, carried or formed by, in, or on conveyors irrespective of the manner of shaping in moulds carried on the circumference of a rotating drum
    • B28B5/12—Producing shaped articles from the material in moulds or on moulding surfaces, carried or formed by, in, or on conveyors irrespective of the manner of shaping in moulds carried on the circumference of a rotating drum intermittently rotated

Definitions

  • the object of the invention is to provide these methods with a method, self-supporting screens and installations making it possible to improve their efficiency.
  • the self-supporting mold banks have a metal frame furnished with shells capable of taking charge of the tensioning efforts, equipped with mobile and self-supporting screens and, in certain cases, group tensioning devices, frame can be provided with rolling means.
  • the mobile and self-supporting screens, the group setting-up and tensioning devices and the self-supporting benches of molds, described above, make it possible to improve, on the one hand, the load-bearing structures of the molds and, on the other hand, the concrete hardening and demoulding facilities for the various processes.
  • the mobile and self-supporting separation screens Es (FIGS. 5 and 20), provided, in certain cases, with temporary fixing means relative to the molds, are constituted in the same way as the head screens, without obviously being provided with means anchoring and hanging.
  • the group tensioning devices by deformable parallelogram MT2 (FIG. 13), comprise a multitude of skies 20, provided with hooking means 21, head screens, linked by ordinary articulations 22, to a series of connecting rods 20a , for fixing by articulation at the ends of the structure for taking charge of tensioning forces, and on the other hand for locking means 23, so that the assembly described works as a deformable parallelogram which, in the stretched position, is self-locking and which, by unlocking, ensures the slow relaxation of the armatures, facilitates demolding and frees the head screens which thus remain pressed against the ends of the demolded products.
  • the devices for tensioning by sliding in parallel MT3 include a few sliding beams 24, of high resistance, provided with hooking means 25, and locking means 26, head screens, and a few parts 27 , sliding, beams linked via one or more rods 28, provided in particular with screwing means 29, to arms 30, fixed at the two ends of the benches or self-supporting structures, using removable means 31 , so that, by the screwing operation of the rods, the group is tensioned and so that, by unscrewing, the prestressing forces are taken over by said self-supporting screens which remain thus pressed against the ends of demolded products.
  • FIG. 8 shows a chain equipped with self-supporting mold benches provided with own rolling means, benches moving on rails in a manufacturing circuit, in horizontal plane, closed by means of two head conveyors 57, so as to pass the molds filled with concrete and closed by means of covers C, through two adjacent chambers F1, of intensive heating in a tunnel and to present them at the demolding station from below an installation D1, consisting either of an overhead crane, or in particular of a gantry 58, equipped with a?

Description

L'invention est relative à une méthode, a des écrans autoportants et à des installations permettant d'améliorer l'efficacité des Arocédés pour la fabrication des produits en béton précontraint par armatures adhérentes.The invention relates to a method, to self-supporting screens and to installations making it possible to improve the efficiency of Arocédés for the manufacture of prestressed concrete products by adherent reinforcement.

On sait que la fabrication des produits en béton précontraint impose souvent le coulage et le durcissement du beton dans les moules et une exigence particulière pour les opérations de mise en place mise en tension et en détension des armatures (fils ou torons).We know that the production of prestressed concrete products often imposes the pouring and hardening of concrete in the molds and a particular requirement for the setting up operations in tension and in tensioning of the reinforcements (wires or strands).

De ce fait, l'efficacité de n'importe quel procédé pour la fabrication des éléments en beton précontraint est déterminée principalement par le cycle d'utilisation des moules et par des moyens utilisés pour la mise en place, la mise en tension et la detension des armatures.Therefore, the efficiency of any process for the manufacture of prestressed concrete elements is mainly determined by the cycle of use of the molds and by means used for the establishment, the tensioning and the tensioning reinforcements.

Dans les procedés dits "bancs au sol", les moules sont utilisés une seule fois par jour, ce qui rend inefficace l'exploitation industrielle de ces procédés.In the so-called "ground benches" processes, the molds are used only once a day, which makes industrial exploitation of these processes ineffective.

Les procédés "en chaîne" arrivent à utiliser les moules jusqu'à deux fois par jour, mais du fait que lesdits moules ont la largeur du produit à fabriquer, les opérations de mise en place, mise en tension et détension des armatures sont laborieuses, surtout pour des produits courts.The "chain" processes manage to use the molds up to twice a day, but the fact that said molds have the width of the product to be produced, the operations of placing, tensioning and relaxing the reinforcements are laborious, especially for short products.

Le procédé "chaîne à flotteurs" (voir la demande de brevet EP-A-0007852) qui dispose de certaines facilités pour le durcissement du béton, n'a été pas doté à ce jour de moyens pour la fabrication d'eléments en béton précontraint.The "float chain" process (see patent application EP-A-0007852) which has certain facilities for hardening concrete, has not been provided to date with means for the production of prestressed concrete elements .

Les procédés "hall rotatif" et "tambour rotatif" (Voir les demandes des brevet FR-A 2 305 284 et EP-A-0012 069, respectivement) ont des réserves encore non exploitées tant pour la rotation rapide des moules que pour les divers processus technologiques.The "rotary hall" and "rotary drum" processes (See patent applications FR-A 2 305 284 and EP-A-0012 069, respectively) have reserves that are not yet exploited both for the rapid rotation of the molds and for the various technological processes.

Par ailleurs, on connaît des moyens pour la mise en tension en groupe des armatures dans la fabrication de produits précontraints en beton (voir la demande de brevet FR-A-2 166 656).Furthermore, means are known for group tensioning of reinforcements in the manufacture of prestressed concrete products (see patent application FR-A-2 166 656).

L'invention a pour but de mettre à la disposition de ces procédés une méthode, des écrans autoportants et des installations permettant d'améliorer leur efficacité.The object of the invention is to provide these methods with a method, self-supporting screens and installations making it possible to improve their efficiency.

La méthode conforme à l'invention, pour l'amélioration de l'efficacité des procédés de fabrication ci-avant cités, est mentionnée, de façon essentielle, dans la partie caractéristique de la revendication 1. Des étapes auxiliaires sont mentionnées dans les revendications 2 et 3. Ainsi, selon l'invention, on utilise des écrans mobiles et autoportants, des dispositifs de mise en place et de mise en tension en groupe, de nouvelles structures porteuses des moules et des installations de durcissement du béton et de démoulage qui, d'une part, simplifient les processus technologiques respectifs et assurent une diminution non-négligeable des pertes d'armature (fils ou torons) et qui, d'autre part, permettent de devancer, dans certains cas, le démoulage en transférant par l'intermédiaire desdits écrans la force de précontrainte au bout des éléments et de continuer le durcissement des éléments démoulés sur encore une période après laquelle, le béton ayant une résistance accrue, le transfert de la précontrainte par adhérence entre armatures et béton devient plus efficace.The method according to the invention, for improving the efficiency of the abovementioned manufacturing processes, is mentioned, essentially, in the characteristic part of claim 1. Auxiliary steps are mentioned in claims 2 and 3. Thus, according to the invention, mobile and self-supporting screens are used, group positioning and tensioning devices, new mold-carrying structures and concrete hardening and demoulding installations which, on the one hand, simplify the respective technological processes and ensure a non-negligible reduction in losses of reinforcement (wires or strands) and which, on the other hand, allow to advance, in certain cases, the demolding by transferring by the intermediate of said screens the prestressing force at the end of the elements and to continue the hardening of the demolded elements over another period after which, the concrete having an increased resistance, the transfer of the prestressing by adhesion between reinforcement and concrete becomes more effective.

Une variante de la méthode conforme à l'invention est mentionnée dans la partie caractéristique de la revendication 4.A variant of the method according to the invention is mentioned in the characteristic part of claim 4.

Un autre aspect de l'invention vise un écran autoportant pour la fermeture des têtes de moules et pour l'ancrage des armatures en vue de la mise en oeuvre d'une méthode selon la revendication I ou la revendication 4, écran qui est constitué comme indiqué dans la partie caractérisante de la revendication 5 ou de la revendication 6, ou de la revendication 7 ou de la revendication 8.Another aspect of the invention relates to a self-supporting screen for closing the mold heads and for anchoring the reinforcements with a view to implementing a method according to claim I or claim 4, a screen which is constituted as indicated in the characterizing part of claim 5 or claim 6, or claim 7 or claim 8.

Encore un autre aspect de l'invention vise une installation pour la fabrication de produits en béton précontraint par armatures adhérentes, pour la mise en oeuvre de la méthode de la revendication 1 qui se caractérisé en ce qu'elle comporte des écrans mobiles et autoportants selon l'une quelconque des revendications 5 à 8.Yet another aspect of the invention relates to an installation for the manufacture of prestressed concrete products by adhesive reinforcement, for the implementation of the method of claim 1 which is characterized in that it comprises mobile and self-supporting screens according to any one of claims 5 to 8.

Avantageusement, une installation conforme à l'invention pour la mise en oeuvre du procédé de la revendication 2 est constituée comme indiqué dans la revendication 10.Advantageously, an installation according to the invention for implementing the method of claim 2 is constituted as indicated in claim 10.

Avantageusement, une installation conforme à l'invention pour la mise en oeuvre du procédé de la revendication 3 est constituée comme indiqué dans la revendication 11.Advantageously, an installation according to the invention for implementing the method of claim 3 is constituted as indicated in claim 11.

Avantageusement une installation conforme à l'invention pour la mise en oeuvre du procédé de la revendication 4 est constituée comme indiqué dans la revendication 12.Advantageously, an installation in accordance with the invention for implementing the method of claim 4 is constituted as indicated in claim 12.

De préférence les dispositifs de mise en place en groupe des armatures comportant plusieurs bras, à tête basculante, dont l'un fixe et l'autre ou les autres mobiles au long des moules de manière que, dans la position "bras serrés" (à l'une des deux extrémités des moules), on fixe les écrans, autoportants ou non, sur lesdites têtes et on enfile les armatures e travers lesdits écrans et de manière que, dans la position "bras écartés", on bascule l'ensemble "écrans-armatures" dans les moules.Preferably the devices for grouping the reinforcement comprising several arms, with tilting head, one of which is fixed and the other or the other are movable along the molds so that, in the "arms tight" position (at one of the two ends of the molds), the screens are fixed, freestanding or not, on the said heads and the frames are threaded through the said screens and so that, in the "arms apart" position, the assembly is tilted " screen-frames "in the molds.

Avantageusement, les dispositifs de mise en tension en groupe par coulissement en biais par rapport aux moules comportent des axes coulissant à l'intérieur des manchons, ceux-ci se trouvant fixés en biais aux extrémités, de la structure de prise en charge de la force de mise en tension, axes dotés de moyens d'accrochage des écrans de tête et de moyens de coulissement, de manière que, par leur rapprochement par rapport aux moules, ils assurent la détension lente des armatures, facilitent le démoulage en paquet et liberent les écrans de tête qui restent plaqués aux extrémités des produits démoulés.Advantageously, the group tensioning devices by sliding at an angle with respect to the molds have axes sliding inside the sleeves, the latter being fixed at an angle to the ends of the force-taking structure. of tensioning, axes provided with means for hooking the head screens and sliding means, so that, by their approximation relative to the molds, they ensure the slow expansion of the reinforcements, facilitate demolding in packages and release the head screens which remain pressed against the ends of the demolded products.

Avantageusement, les dispositifs de mise en tension en groupe par basculement comportent d'une part, des bras dotés de moyens de basculement, montés aux deux extrémités de la structure de prise en charge de la force de mise en tension et, d'autre part, des poutres de résistance pourvues de moyens de fixation aux bras basculants, de moyens d'accrochage des écrans de tête et de moyens de blocage desdits écrans. Dans certains cas, lorsque la détension des armatures est appelée à aider la sortie des produits hors des moules, on monte lesdits bras basculants sur les têtes de la structure porteuse par l'intermédiaire d'appareils de glissement en biais.Advantageously, the group tensioning devices by tilting comprise, on the one hand, arms provided with tilting means, mounted at the two ends of the structure for taking charge of the setting force. in tension and, on the other hand, resistance beams provided with means for fixing to the tilting arms, means for hooking the head screens and means for blocking said screens. In certain cases, when the slackening of the reinforcements is called upon to aid the exit of the products from the molds, said rocking arms are mounted on the heads of the support structure by means of biasing devices.

De préférence, les bancs de moules autoportants comportent une ossature métallique garnie de coquilles capable de prendre en charge les efforts de mise en tension, équipée d'écrans mobiles et autoportants et, dans certains cas, de dispositifs de mise en tension en groupe, ossature pouvant être dotée de moyens de roulement.Preferably, the self-supporting mold banks have a metal frame furnished with shells capable of taking charge of the tensioning efforts, equipped with mobile and self-supporting screens and, in certain cases, group tensioning devices, frame can be provided with rolling means.

Les écrans mobiles et autoportants, les dispositifs de mise en place et de mise en tension en groupe et les bancs de moules autoportants, ci-avant décrits, permettent d'améliorer, d'une part, les structures porteuses des moules et, d'autre part, les installations de durcissement du béton et de démoulage des divers procédés.The mobile and self-supporting screens, the group setting-up and tensioning devices and the self-supporting benches of molds, described above, make it possible to improve, on the one hand, the load-bearing structures of the molds and, on the other hand, the concrete hardening and demoulding facilities for the various processes.

Ainsi, les bancs de moules autoportants d'une certaine longueur peuvent être soit fixés au sol, soit notamment déplacés dans des circuits de fabrication "en chaîne" de type ordinaire ou de type utilisant la rotation.Thus, the self-supporting mold banks of a certain length can either be fixed to the ground, or in particular moved in "chain" manufacturing circuits of the ordinary type or of the type using rotation.

Pour les installations mettant en oeuvre les procédés "hall rotatif" et "tambour rotatif" procédés utilisant la rotation à axe horizontal, la méthode et les divers dispositifs permettent de réaliser des nouvelles structures porteuses qui passent les bancs de moules autoportants ou des batteries de moules ordinaires à travers une installation de traitement thermique de choc et les présentent face à une installation de démoulage à fonctions multiples, de manière que les produits démoulés en paquet, munis dans certains cas d'écrans autoportants, soient transférés à travers une chambre de refroidissement sur une chaîne d'évacuation où peuvent être récupérés les écrans autoportants.For installations implementing the "rotary hall" and "rotary drum" processes using the horizontal axis rotation, the method and the various devices make it possible to produce new load-bearing structures which pass the self-supporting mold banks or mold batteries ordinary through a shock heat treatment installation and present them facing a multi-function demolding installation, so that the products demoulded in a package, provided in some cases with self-supporting screens, are transferred through a cooling chamber to an evacuation chain where freestanding screens can be recovered.

L'invention consiste, mises à part les dispositions exposées ci-dessus, en certaines autres dispositions dont il sera explicitement question ci-après, à propos de plusieurs exemples préférentiels de réalisation décrits avec référence aux dessins ci-annexés, mais qui ne sont nullement limitatifs.

  • - La figure 1 de ces dessins est une vue en perspective des écrans, mobiles et autoportants, conçus pour la mise en tension en groupes des armatures et pour permettre la coupure de celles-ci après démoulage.
  • - La figure 2 est une vue en perspective des écrans, mobiles et autoportants, conçus d'une seule pièce pour la mise en tension en groupe des armatures avec ou sans la coupe finale de celles-ci.
  • - La figure 3 est une vue en perspective de deux écrans de tête, mobiles et autoportants, conçus pour la mise en tension fil par fil des armatures.
  • - La figure 4 est une coupe longitudinale d'une structure autoportante dotée d'écrans de tête, mobiles et autoportants, conçus de manière à servir d'une part à la mise en tension fil par fil et de manière à réaliser, dans certains cas, la mise en tension en groupe par rangée de moules.
  • - La figure 5 est une vue en perspective d'un dispositif de mise en place en groupe des armatures à l'aide desdits écrans autoportants.
  • - La figure 6 est une coupe longitudinale à travers un banc de moules autoportants, doté d'une part d'écrans autoportants et de dispositifs de mise en tension en groupe par coulissement en biais et d'autre part, dans certains cas, de moyens propres de roulement.
  • - La figure 7 est une coupe transversale suivant 1-1 (figure 6) à travers ledit banc autoportant.
  • - La figure 8 est une vue en plan d'une chaîne équipée de bancs de moules autoportants et d'une installation de traitement thermique de choc.
  • - La figure 9 est une coupe longitudinale à travers un banc autoportant pour la fabrication de dalles alvéolées, doté d'écrans autoportants pour la mise en tension fil par fil.
  • - La figure 10 est une coupe à travers un circuit de fabrication du type "chaîne polyvalente" équipé de bancs autoportants selon la fiQwe 9.
  • - La figure 11 est une coupe longitudinale à travers un banc de moules autoportant, conçu pour la fabrication de poteaux pour lignes électriques, banc dote d'écrans autoportants de mise en tension en groupe et monté sur une chaîne à axe vertical.
  • - La figure 12 est une vue en plan d'une chaîne rotative, à axe vertical, équipée de bancs de moules autoportants, selon la figure 11, ..,'i: dotée d'une installaiion de traitement thermique de choc.
  • - La figure 13 est une coupe longitudinale à travers un banc de moules autoportant, doté d'écrans autoportants et de dispositifs de mise en tension en groupe par parallélogramme déformable, banc doté de moyens propres de roulement et monté sur une structure permettant son déplacement selon un circuit du type "hall rotatif".
  • - La figure 14 est une coupe transversale d'une chaîne rotative à axe horizontal, équipée de bance de moules autoportants et dotée des installations du type utilisé dans le procédé "hall rotatif".
  • - La figure 15 est une coupe longitudinale à travers une structure flottante autoportante, dotée de dispositifs de mise en tension en groupe, notamment par coulissement en parallèle, et d'une plate-forme lisse montée sur des plots élastiques et équipée d'écrans autoportants.
  • - La figure 16 est une coupe transversale suivant, I-I (figure 15) à travers ladite structure flottante.
  • - La figure 17 est une coupe longitudinale à travers un banc de moules autoportant, doté d'écrans autoportants pour la mise en tension fil par fil des armatures, banc équipé d'un couvercle métallique enfermant le béton dans les moules.
  • - La figure 18 est une coupe transversale suivant 1-1 (figure 17) à travers ledit banc autoportant.
  • - La figure 19 est une coupe transversale d'un "hall rotatif" doté d'une part d'une structure rotative equipée de bancs de moules autoportants (figures 17 et 18), et doté d'autre part d'un dispositif de mise en place en groupe d'une installation de traitement thermique de choc à la vapeur, d'une installation de démoulage à fonctions multiples et d'une installation de refroidissement disposée à l'horizontale.
  • - La figure 20 est une coupe longitudinale à travers une structure rotative du type "hall rotatif", autoportante par rapport aux efforts de mise en tension, structure dotée de dispositifs de mise en tension en groupe par basculement et équipée de batteries de moules ordinaires dotées d'écrans autoportants.
  • - La figure 21 est une coupe transversale d'un "hall rotatif" doté d'une part de ladite structure autoportante (figure 20), et d'autre part d'une installation de traitement thermique de choc, d'une installation de démoulage à fonctions multiples et d'une installation de refroidissement
    Figure imgb0001
    pente à l'extérieur.
  • - La flùJre 22 est une coupe transversale de l'installation de refroidissement disposée en pente à l'extérieur du "hall rotatif" (figure 21).
  • - La figure 23 est une coupe longitudinale d'un "hall rotatif" doté d'une part d'une structure équipée elle-même d'écrans autoportants de mise en tension fil par fil et d'autre part d'une installation de transfert des couvercles par gravitation et d'une installation de refroidissement en pente disposée à l'intérieur du hall.
  • - La figure 24 est une coupe transversale du "hall rotatif" (figure 23).
  • - La figure 25 est une coupe transversale d'un "tambour rotatif flottant" équipé de bancs de moules autoportants, selon l'une des solutions décrite ci-avant, et doté d'un dispositif de mise en placs -n groupe, d'une installation de traitement thermique de choc à couvercles basculants, d'une installation de démoulage à fonctions multiples et d'une installation rotative de refroidissement.
  • - La figure 26 est une coupe longitudinale à travers le "tambour rotatif" (figure 25).
  • - La figure 27 est une coupe transversale d'une structure du type "tambour rotatif" autoportants par rapport aux efforts de mise en tension, structure dotée principalement de dispositifs de mise en tension en groupe par basculement et d'une installation de traitement thermique de choc incorporée.
  • - La figure 28 est une coupe longitudinale à travers la structure ci-dessus (figure 24).
  • - La figure 29 est une coupe transversale à travers l'installation de démoulage à fonctions multiples.
The invention consists, apart from the provisions set out above, of certain other provisions which will be explicitly discussed below, in connection with several preferred embodiments described with reference to the attached drawings, but which are in no way intended limiting.
  • - Figure 1 of these drawings is a perspective view of screens, mobile and self-supporting, designed for the tensioning in groups of the frames and to allow the cutting thereof after demolding.
  • - Figure 2 is a perspective view of screens, mobile and self-supporting, designed in one piece for the group tensioning of the frames with or without the final cut thereof.
  • - Figure 3 is a perspective view of two head screens, mobile and self-supporting, designed for tensioning wire by wire of the frames.
  • - Figure 4 is a longitudinal section of a self-supporting structure with head screens, mobile and self-supporting, designed so as to serve on the one hand for the tensioning wire by wire and so as to achieve, in some cases , group tensioning by row of molds.
  • - Figure 5 is a perspective view of a device for grouping the reinforcement using said self-supporting screens.
  • - Figure 6 is a longitudinal section through a bench of self-supporting molds, provided on the one hand with self-supporting screens and group tensioning devices by sliding at an angle and on the other hand, in some cases, with means own rolling.
  • - Figure 7 is a cross section along 1-1 (Figure 6) through said self-supporting bench.
  • - Figure 8 is a plan view of a chain equipped with self-supporting mold banks and a thermal shock treatment installation.
  • - Figure 9 is a longitudinal section through a self-supporting bench for the manufacture of honeycomb slabs, with self-supporting screens for tensioning wire by wire.
  • - Figure 10 is a section through a manufacturing circuit of the "multipurpose chain" type equipped with self-supporting benches according to fiQwe 9.
  • - Figure 11 is a longitudinal section through a self-supporting bench of molds, designed for the manufacture of poles for power lines, bench equipped with self-supporting group tensioning screens and mounted on a chain with vertical axis.
  • - Figure 12 is a plan view of a rotary chain, with a vertical axis, equipped with self-supporting mold banks, according to Figure 11, .., 'i: provided with a shock heat treatment installation.
  • - Figure 13 is a longitudinal section through a self-supporting bench of molds, with self-supporting screens and group tensioning devices by deformable parallelogram, bench with its own rolling means and mounted on a structure allowing its movement according a "rotary hall" type circuit.
  • - Figure 14 is a cross section of a rotary chain with horizontal axis, equipped with bance of self-supporting molds and provided with installations of the type used in the "rotary hall" process.
  • - Figure 15 is a longitudinal section through a self-supporting floating structure, provided with group tensioning devices, in particular by sliding in parallel, and a smooth platform mounted on elastic pads and equipped with self-supporting screens .
  • - Figure 16 is a following cross section, II (Figure 15) through said floating structure.
  • - Figure 17 is a longitudinal section through a self-supporting bench of molds, with self-supporting screens for the tensioning wire by wire of the frames, bench equipped with a metal cover enclosing the concrete in the molds.
  • - Figure 18 is a cross section along 1-1 (Figure 17) through said self-supporting bench.
  • - Figure 19 is a cross section of a "rotary hall" provided on the one hand with a rotary structure equipped with self-supporting mold benches (Figures 17 and 18), and on the other hand provided with a setting device in place as a group of a thermal shock treatment steam installation, a multi-function demolding installation and a cooling installation arranged horizontally.
  • FIG. 20 is a longitudinal section through a rotary structure of the "rotary hall" type, self-supporting with respect to the tensioning forces, structure provided with group tensioning devices by tilting and equipped with ordinary mold batteries provided with freestanding screens.
  • - Figure 21 is a cross section of a "rotating hall" provided on the one hand with said self-supporting structure (Figure 20), and on the other hand with an impact heat treatment installation, with a demolding installation with multiple functions and a cooling system
    Figure imgb0001
    slope outside.
  • - The flù J re 22 is a cross section of the cooling installation arranged in a slope outside the "rotary hall" (Figure 21).
  • - Figure 23 is a longitudinal section of a "rotating hall" provided on the one hand with a structure itself equipped with self-supporting screens for tensioning wire by wire and on the other hand with a transfer installation gravity covers and a sloping cooling system located inside the hall.
  • - Figure 24 is a cross section of the "rotating hall" (Figure 23).
  • - Figure 25 is a cross section of a "floating rotating drum" equipped with self-supporting mold banks, according to one of the solutions described above, and provided with a positioning device -n group, of an impact heat treatment installation with tilting covers, a multi-function demolding installation and a rotary cooling installation.
  • - Figure 26 is a longitudinal section through the "rotary drum" (Figure 25).
  • - Figure 27 is a cross section of a structure of the "rotary drum" type self-supporting with respect to the tensioning forces, structure provided mainly with group tensioning devices by tilting and a heat treatment installation of incorporated shock.
  • - Figure 28 is a longitudinal section through the above structure (Figure 24).
  • - Figure 29 is a cross section through the multi-function demolding installation.

Conformément à l'invention on utilise des écrans mobiles et autoportants Et, de fermeture des moules m aux deux extrémités et d'ancrage des armatures a (fils ou torons), des écrans mobiles et autoportants de séparation Es, des dispositifs de mise en place en groupe MP, des dispositifs de mise en tension en groupe MT, à l'aide desquels on peut soit réaliser des bancs de moules autoportants Ba, soit équiper directement certaines structures porteuses des moules de manière à améliorer d'une part les processus technologiques de mise en place, mise en tension et détension avec en même temps la réduction des pertes d'armatures et de manière à réaliser d'autre part de nouvelles structures porteuses de moules, équipées de bancs de moules autoportants ou de batteries de moules bm ordinaires, structures qui passent les moules à travers une installation de traitement thermique de choc utilisant des couvercles C (figure 8), notamment métalliques, pour la fermeture des moules et une chambre fixe F, suivant la trajectoire des moules, dotée de moyens de chauffage intensif, au bout de laquelle une installation à fonctions multiples D, décroche et transfère lesdits couvercles, réalise dans un deuxieme temps le démoulage des produits P, en paquet, avec transfert lent des efforts de précontrainte aux écrans de tête et effectue dans un troisième temps la pose des produits démoulés, munis desdits écrans, devant une installation de refroidissement R, de manière que, après le passage desdits produits à travers cette dernière installation, ils arrivent sur une chaîne d'évacuation où l'on récupère les écrans autoportants et on réalise ainsi le transfert des efforts de précontrainte au béton par adhérence, celui-ci ayant acquis une résistance supplémentaire par rapport à celle existant au démoulage.In accordance with the invention, mobile and self-supporting screens are used And, for closing the molds m at the two ends and for anchoring the reinforcements a (wires or strands), mobile and self-supporting screens for separation Es, positioning devices in group MP, tensioning devices in group MT, with the help of which one can either produce self-supporting benches of molds Ba, or directly equip certain bearing structures of the molds so as to improve on the one hand the technological processes of setting up, tensioning and tensioning with at the same time the reduction of losses of reinforcements and so as to produce on the other hand new structures carrying molds, equipped with benches of self-supporting molds or batteries of ordinary bm molds, structures which pass the molds through an impact heat treatment installation using covers C (FIG. 8), in particular metal, for closing the molds and a fixed chamber F, following the trajectory of the molds, provided with intensive heating means, at the end of which a multi-function installation D, unhooks and transfers the said covers, realizes in the second time the release of the products P, in a package, with slow transfer of the efforts of prestressing at the head screens and in a third step laying the molded products, provided with said screens, in front of a cooling installation R, so that, after the passage of said products through this last installation, they arrive on a chain of evacuation where the self-supporting screens are recovered and the prestressing forces are thus transferred to the concrete by adhesion, the latter having acquired an additional resistance compared to that existing at demolding.

Les écrans de tête Et1, (figures 1, 6, 7, 15, 16, 20 et 27), conçus pour la mise en tension en groupe des armatures et pour permettre la coupure de celles-ci après démoulage, comportent d'une part deux parois frontales 1, suivant le profil du produit à fabriquer et montées l'une par rapport à l'autre à une distance permettant ladite coupure, parois pourvues de trous pour le passage desdites armatures et des couvercles 2, (démontables ou fixes et pourvus de trous t pour la coupure des armatures), et renforcées à l'aide de nervures verticales 3a, ou/et horizontales 3b, afin de les rendre autoportantes tant par rapport aux efforts de mise en tension que par rapport aux efforts de précontrainte, et comportent d'autre part des moyens 4, d'ancrage des armatures et des moyens 5, d'accrochage rapide aux divers dispositifs de mise en tension en groupe, de manière que lesdits écrans, mobiles par rapport aux moules, facilitent les opérations de mise en place, mise en tension et démoulage, diminuent les pertes d'armatures et puissent prendre en charge les efforts de précontrainte le temps voulu après le démoulage.The head screens Et1, (FIGS. 1, 6, 7, 15, 16, 20 and 27), designed for the group tensioning of the reinforcements and to allow them to be cut after demolding, comprise on the one hand two front walls 1, according to the profile of the product to be manufactured and mounted with respect to each other at a distance allowing said cut-off, walls provided with holes for the passage of said frames and covers 2, (removable or fixed and provided holes t for cutting the reinforcements), and reinforced with vertical ribs 3a, and / or horizontal 3b, in order to make them self-supporting both in relation to the tensioning forces and in relation to the prestressing forces, and furthermore comprise means 4, for anchoring the reinforcements and means 5, for quick attachment to the various group tensioning devices, so that said screens, movable relative to the molds, facilitate the setting operations. in place, tensioning and demolding, decreases nt the losses of reinforcements and can take charge of the prestressing efforts the required time after demolding.

Les écrans de tête Et2, (figure 2), conçus eux aussi pour la mise en tension en groupe, sont constitués d'une seule pièce 6, notamment coulée suivant le profil du produit à fabriquer, pièce dotée de moyens 4 d'ancrage, et de moyens 5 d'accrochage, et pourvue dans certains cas de trous et/ou cavités t pour la coupure des armatures lorsque cette opération est nécessaire, de manière que lesdits écrans, mobiles par rapport aux moules, assurent les mêmes avantages fonctionnels que les écrans Et1.The head screens Et2 (FIG. 2), also designed for group tensioning, consist of a single part 6, in particular cast according to the profile of the product to be produced, a part provided with means 4 for anchoring, and hooking means 5, and provided in certain cases with holes and / or cavities t for cutting the reinforcements when this operation is necessary, so that said screens, movable relative to the molds, provide the same functional advantages as the screens Et1.

Les écrans de tête Et3, (figures 3, 5, 17 et 26), conçus pour la mise en tension fil par fil des armatures, comportent une plaque de résistance 7, autoportante tant par rapport aux efforts de mise en tension que par rapport aux efforts de précontrainte, plaque dotée d'une part de moyens 4, d'ancrage des armatures et d'une paroi 8, suivant le profil du produit à fabriquer, paroi qui pénètre à l'intérieur des moules sur une longueur assurant la fixation rapide et étanche et, dans certains cas, la coupure des armatures par l'intermédiaire de trous et/ou cavités t, et dotée d'autre part de moyens 9, de glissement en pente par rapport aux extrémités des moules et de moyens 10 (figure 17) de blocage par rapport à celles-ci, de manière que d'une part lesdits écrans, mobiles par rapport aux moules, permettent, en fonction de la pente donnée aux moyens de glissement, d'effectuer le démoulage tout simplement par le déblocage des moyens 10, et de manière que d'autre part lesdits écrans facliitent la mise en place, assurent la réduction des pertes d'armatures, et puissent prendre en charge les efforts de précontrainte, le temps voulu après le démoulage.The head screens Et3, (FIGS. 3, 5, 17 and 26), designed for tensioning wire by wire of the reinforcements, include a resistance plate 7, self-supporting both with respect to the stressing forces and with respect to the prestressing efforts, plate provided on the one hand with means 4, for anchoring the reinforcements and a wall 8, according to the profile of the product to be produced, wall which penetrates inside the molds over a length ensuring rapid fixing and watertight and, in certain cases, cutting the reinforcements by means of holes and / or cavities t, and also provided with means 9, for sliding in slope relative to the ends of the molds and means 10 (FIG. 17) blocking with respect to them, so that on the one hand said screens, movable with respect to the molds, allow, as a function of the slope given to the sliding means, to carry out demolding quite simply by unlocking means 10, and in such a way that said screens fac l iite nt the installation, ensure the reduction of losses of reinforcements, and can take charge of the prestressing efforts, the required time after demolding.

Les écrans de tête Et4, (figures 4, 9, 15 et 23), comportent d'une part le même type d'ossature pour l'ancrage des armatures que les écrans Et1, mais ils sont dotés de pieds 9a, de glissement en pente, soudés intimement à ladite ossature de manière que, en équipant lesdits pieds, de dispositifs de blocage 10a, lesdits écrans servent à la mise en tension fil par fil des armatures, assurent le démoulage automatique et de manière qu'en équipant lesdites pièces de moyens de traction 11, notamment par vissage, les écrans Et4 puissent assurer d'une part la mise en tension en groupe des fils boutonnés f et d'autre part le démoulage automatique.The head screens Et4, (FIGS. 4, 9, 15 and 23), comprise on the one hand the same type of framework for anchoring the reinforcements as the screens Et1, but they are provided with feet 9a, sliding in slope, intimately welded to said frame so that, by equipping said feet, with locking devices 10a, said screens are used for tensioning wire by wire of the reinforcements, ensure automatic demolding and so that by equipping said pieces with traction means 11, in particular by screwing, the screens Et4 can on the one hand ensure group tensioning of the buttoned wires f and on the other hand automatic demolding.

Les écrans mobiles et autoportants de séparation Es, (figures 5 et 20), dotés, dans certains cas, de moyens de fixation temporaire par rapport aux moules, sont constitués de la même façon que les écrans de tête, sans être évidemment pourvus de moyens d'ancrage et d'accrochage.The mobile and self-supporting separation screens Es (FIGS. 5 and 20), provided, in certain cases, with temporary fixing means relative to the molds, are constituted in the same way as the head screens, without obviously being provided with means anchoring and hanging.

Les dispositifs de mise en place en groupe MP, (figures 5, 19 et 25), comportent deux ou plusieurs bras 12, dont un fixe 12a, et au moins un bras coulissant, porteur 12b, bras dotés de têtes basculantes 13, et, pour les bras 12b, de moyens 14, de roulement au long des moules de manière que, dans la position "bras serrés" (à l'une des deux extrémités des moules), on fixe les écrans à l'aide de moyens connus sur lesdites têtes et on enfile les armatures à travers lesdits écrans, en les bloquant sur les écrans fixés au bras porteur et de manière que, dans la position "bras écartés", on bascule l'ensemble "écrans-armatures" dans les moules.The devices for placing in a group MP, (FIGS. 5, 19 and 25), comprise two or more arms 12, one of which is fixed 12a, and at least one sliding arm, carrier 12b, arms provided with tilting heads 13, and, for the arms 12b, means 14, for rolling along the molds so that, in the "tight arms" position (at one of the two ends of the molds), the screens are fixed using known means on said heads and the frames are threaded through said screens, blocking them on the screens fixed to the support arm and so that, in the "arms apart" position, the "screen-frames" assembly is tilted in the molds.

Les dispositifs de mise en tension en groupe par coulissement en biais MT1, (figures 6 et 7), comportent des axes coulissants 15, à l'intérieur des manchons 15a, fixés en biais sur les deux extrémités des bancs autoportants ou des structures autoportantes, à l'aide de goussets 16, axes dotés d'une part de manchons 17, assurant la fixation réglable des moyens 18, d'accrochage des écrans de tête, et d'autre part de moyens 19, assurant le mouvement de va-et-vient, de manière que, par le coulissement avec écartement par rapport aux moules, on réalise la mise en tension en groupe des armatures et de manière que, par leur coulissement en sens inverse avec rapprochement, on assure d'une part la détension lente des armatures avec la prise en charge des efforts de précontrainte par les écrans autoportants qui restent ainsi plaqués aux extrémités des produits démoulés et on facilite d'autre part le démoulage desdits produits.The group tensioning devices by bias bias MT1, (FIGS. 6 and 7), comprise sliding axes 15, inside the sleeves 15a, fixed at an angle on the two ends of the self-supporting benches or self-supporting structures, using gussets 16, axes provided on the one hand with sleeves 17, ensuring the adjustable fixing of the means 18, for hooking the head screens, and on the other hand with means 19, ensuring the back-and-forth movement comes, so that, by the sliding with spacing relative to the molds, one realizes the tensioning in group of the reinforcements and so that, by their sliding in opposite direction with approximation, one ensures on the one hand the slow relaxation reinforcements with the support of the prestressing forces by the self-supporting screens which thus remain pressed against the ends of the demolded products and on the other hand the demolding of said products is facilitated.

Les dispositifs de mise en tension en groupe par parallélogramme déformable MT2, (figure 13), comportent une sérise de cielles 20, dotées de moyens d'accrochage 21, des écrans de tête, liées par articulations ordinaires 22, à une série de bielles 20a, de fixation par articulation aux extrémités de la structure de prise en charge des efforts de mise en tension, et d'autre part de moyens de blocage 23, de manière que l'ensemble décrit travaille comme un parallélogramme déformable qui, en position tendue, s'autoverrouille et qui, par déverrouillage, assure la détension lente des armatures, facilite le démoulage et libère les écrans de tête qui restent ainsi plaqués aux extrémités des produits démoulés.The group tensioning devices by deformable parallelogram MT2, (FIG. 13), comprise a serie of skies 20, provided with hooking means 21, head screens, linked by ordinary articulations 22, to a series of connecting rods 20a , for fixing by articulation at the ends of the structure for taking charge of tensioning forces, and on the other hand for locking means 23, so that the assembly described works as a deformable parallelogram which, in the stretched position, is self-locking and which, by unlocking, ensures the slow relaxation of the armatures, facilitates demolding and frees the head screens which thus remain pressed against the ends of the demolded products.

Les dispositifs de mise en tension par glissement en parallèle MT3, (figures 15), comportent quelques poutres glissantes 24, de haute résistance, dotées de moyens d'accrochage 25, et de blocage 26, des écrans de tête, et de quelques pièces 27, de glissement, poutres liées par l'intermédiaire d'une ou plusieurs tiges 28, dotées notamment de moyens de vissage 29, à des bras 30, fixés aux deux extrémités des bancs ou des structures autoportantes, à l'aide de moyens démontables 31, de manière que, par l'opération de vissage des tiges, on réalise la mise en tension en groupe et de manière que, par le dévissage, on réalise la prise en charge des efforts de précontrainte par lesdits écrans autoportants qui restent ainsi plaqués aux extrémités des produits démoulés.The devices for tensioning by sliding in parallel MT3 (FIGS. 15) include a few sliding beams 24, of high resistance, provided with hooking means 25, and locking means 26, head screens, and a few parts 27 , sliding, beams linked via one or more rods 28, provided in particular with screwing means 29, to arms 30, fixed at the two ends of the benches or self-supporting structures, using removable means 31 , so that, by the screwing operation of the rods, the group is tensioned and so that, by unscrewing, the prestressing forces are taken over by said self-supporting screens which remain thus pressed against the ends of demolded products.

Les dispositifs de mise en tension en groupe par basculement MT4, (figures 20, 21, 27 et 28), comportent des bras 32, montés à l'aide d'axes 33, et de deux goussets 34, aux deux extrémités des bancs autoportants ou des structures autoportantes, bras équipés de poutres 35, dotées de moyens 36, de fixation auxdits bras, de moyens 37, d'accrochage des écrans de tête et de moyens 38, de blocage desdits écrans, de manière que, par le serrage des bras à l'aide notamment de tirants 39, dotés de moyens 40, de vissage et de moyens 41, de protection, on réalise la mise en tension lente et en groupe des armatures et de manière que, par desserrage, on transforme les efforts de mise en tension en efforts de précontrainte prise en charge par les mêmes écrans qui restent ainsi plaqués aux extrémités des produits demoulés.The MT4 tilting group tensioning devices (Figures 20, 21, 27 and 28) include arms 32, mounted using pins 33, and two gussets 34, at the two ends of the self-supporting benches or self-supporting structures, arms fitted with beams 35, provided with means 36, for fixing to said arms, means 37, for attaching the head screens and means 38, for blocking said screens, so that, by tightening the arm using in particular tie rods 39, provided with means 40, for screwing and means 41, for protection, the implementation is carried out slow and group tension of the reinforcements and in such a way that, by loosening, the tensioning forces are transformed into prestressing forces supported by the same screens which remain thus pressed at the ends of the molded products.

Dans certains cas, on peut monter les bras basculant 32, sur les structures de prise en charge des efforts de mise en tension, par l'intermédiaire de dispositifs 42, permettant le coulissement en biais de manière à faciliter le démoulage en paquet des produits.In certain cases, the tilting arms 32 can be mounted on the structures for taking charge of the tensioning forces, by means of devices 42, allowing sliding at an angle so as to facilitate release of the products from the package.

Les bancs autoportants Ba1, (figures 6, 7 et 8), conçus pour la fabrication des produits avec la mise en tension en groupe, comportent d'une part une ossature de prise en charge des efforts de mise en tension constituée notamment à l'aide de deux poutres principales de résistance 43, pourvues dans certains cas de rails 44, pour la distribution du béton et à l'aide d'une série de poutres transversales 45, pourvues soit de plaques 46, pour la fixation des vibrateurs 47, soit de pièces 48, facilitant l'accrochage des moyens amovibles de compactage, et d'autre part une ou plusieurs batteries de moules ordinaires bm, montés tête à tête par soudure, soit d'une façon démontable, de manière que lesdits bancs équipés de dispositifs de mise en tension en groupe, d'écrans mobiles et autoportants et, dans certains cas, de moyens propres de roulement 49, puissent être utilisés avec efficacité accrue dans les procédés "au sol", "en chaîne" et "rotatifs".The self-supporting benches Ba1, (Figures 6, 7 and 8), designed for the manufacture of products with group tensioning, comprise on the one hand a framework for taking charge of the tensioning forces constituted in particular at using two main resistance beams 43, provided in certain cases with rails 44, for the distribution of the concrete and using a series of transverse beams 45, provided either with plates 46, for fixing the vibrators 47, or of parts 48, facilitating the attachment of the removable compacting means, and on the other hand one or more batteries of ordinary bm molds, mounted head to head by welding, either in a removable manner, so that said benches equipped with devices group tensioning, mobile and self-supporting screens and, in some cases, own rolling means 49, can be used with increased efficiency in the "ground", "chain" and "rotary" processes.

Les bancs autoportants Ba2, (figures 17, 18, 19, 25 et 26), conçus notamment pour la fabrication des produits linéaires avec la mise en tension fil par fil, comportent d'une part une série de longerons de prise en charge des efforts de mise en tension, constitués à l'aide de poutres longitudinales 50, sur lesquelles on soude deux par deux ies parois latérales des moules 51, liées d'avance par un profil métallique 52, longerons renforcés transversalement par le fond des moules 51 a, et par des poutres 53, servant en même temps à la fixation des moyens de compactage, et dotés de pièces de glissement en pente 54, de manière que, en équipant lesdits bancs d'écrans autoportants, notamment de type Et3 ou Et4, et dans certains cas de moyens propres de roulement 49, on peut les utiliser avec efficacite accrue "au sol", "en chaîne" ou par "rotation".The Ba2 self-supporting benches (Figures 17, 18, 19, 25 and 26), designed in particular for the production of linear products with tensioning wire by wire, include on the one hand a series of beams for taking charge tensioning, formed using longitudinal beams 50, on which are welded two by two ies side walls of the molds 51, linked in advance by a metal profile 52, side members reinforced transversely by the bottom of the molds 51 a, and by beams 53, serving at the same time for fixing the compacting means, and provided with sloping sliding parts 54, so that, by equipping said benches with self-supporting screens, in particular of the Et3 or Et4 type, and in certain cases of own rolling means 49, they can be used with increased efficiency "on the ground", "in chain" or by "rotation".

Les bancs autoportants Ba3, (figures 9 et 10), conçus pour la fabrication de produits de surface (dalles, planchers, etc), comportent une ossature 55, de prise en charge des efforts de mise en tension couverte d'une tôle lisse 55a, et équipée dans certains cas de moyens propres de roulement 49, ossature pourvue d'une série de niches 56, ayant les parois frontales 56a, en pente de manière à pouvoir recevoir les écrans de tête Et4, dans une position fixe à l'une des extrémités et dans une position variable, selon la longueur des produits, à l'autre extrémite.The self-supporting benches Ba3, (FIGS. 9 and 10), designed for the manufacture of surface products (slabs, floors, etc.), include a framework 55, for taking charge of the tensioning forces covered with a smooth sheet metal 55a , and equipped in certain cases with own rolling means 49, framework provided with a series of niches 56, having the front walls 56a, sloping so as to be able to receive the head screens Et4, in a position fixed to one from the ends and in a variable position, depending on the length of the products, to the other end.

Les écrans mobiles et autoportants, les dispositifs de mise en place et de mise en tension en groupe et les bancs autoportants permettent, selon la méthode décrite, de réaliser de nouvelles structures porteuses de moules et de nouvelles installations de traitement thermique de choc, démoulage et refroidissement qui améliorent l'efficacité des procédés connus pour la fabrication des produits en béton précontraint par armatures adhérentes.Mobile and self-supporting screens, group placement and tensioning devices and self-supporting benches allow, according to the method described, to produce new mold-carrying structures and new shock heat treatment, mold release and cooling which improve the efficiency of the known processes for the manufacture of prestressed concrete products by adherent reinforcements.

Ainsi, les bancs autoportants, équipés d'écrans autoportants et, dans certains cas, de dispositifs de mise en tension en groupe, peuvent être, notamment pour des petites unités de production, fixés "au sol" soit tête à tête, soit côte à côte.Thus, the self-supporting benches, equipped with self-supporting screens and, in some cases, group tensioning devices, can be, in particular for small production units, fixed "to the ground" either head to head or side by side. side.

Les bancs peuvent être déplacés "en chaîne" soit tête à tête, notamment sur des rouleaux, soit côte à côte à l'aide de moyens propres de roulement, soit enfin par rotation à axe vertical ou à axe horizontal.The benches can be moved "in chain" either head to head, in particular on rollers, or side by side using own rolling means, or finally by rotation with vertical axis or horizontal axis.

A la figure 8, on montre une chaîne équipée de bancs de moules autoportants dotés de moyens propres de roulement, bancs se déplaçant sur des rails dans un circuit de fabrication, en plan horizontal, fermé à l'aide de deux transbordeurs de tête 57, de manière à passer les moules remplis de béton et fermés à l'aide de couvercles C, à travers deux chambres adjacentes F1, de chauffage intensif en tunnel et à les présenter au poste de démoulage d'au-dessous d'une installation D1, constituée soit d'un pont roulant, soit notamment d'un portique 58, doté d'un? poutre en porte-à-faux 58a, et de moyens de; levage et d'accrochage, qui effectue d'une part le transfert des couvercles entre le poste de démoulage d et le poste d'introduction en tunnel, et d'autre part le transfert des produits démoulés sur ledit tunnel où l'on réalise successivement le refroidissement r, la finition et l'évacuation e.FIG. 8 shows a chain equipped with self-supporting mold benches provided with own rolling means, benches moving on rails in a manufacturing circuit, in horizontal plane, closed by means of two head conveyors 57, so as to pass the molds filled with concrete and closed by means of covers C, through two adjacent chambers F1, of intensive heating in a tunnel and to present them at the demolding station from below an installation D1, consisting either of an overhead crane, or in particular of a gantry 58, equipped with a? cantilever beam 58a, and means of; lifting and hanging, which performs on the one hand the transfer of the covers between the demoulding station d and the tunnel introduction station, and on the other hand the transfer of the demolded products to said tunnel where one successively performs cooling r, finishing and evacuation e.

Sur la figure 10, on montre un circuit de fabrication du type "chaîne polyvalente" à deux voies 59, superposées en plan vertical, circuit équipé de bancs de moules autoportants, notamment du type Ba3, et doté d'une part d'une installation de traitement thermique de chni comportant des couvercles C, de fermeture d.;S moules et une chambre-tunnel de chauffage intensif F2, et d'autre part de moyens D2, de transfert desdits couvercles entre le poste de démoulage d et le poste de bétonnage b, de démoulage et de transfert des produits démoulés p au-dessus de ladite chambre F2, pour le refroidissement, de manière qu'en dotant le poste de bétonnage d'un dispositif d'introduction des tubes 60, à travers les écrans Et4, on puisse réaliser le compactage du béton en deux temps, dont le dernier s'effectue "banc-fermé" opération qui permet l'extraction desdits tubes, par traction combinée à quelques mouvements de rotation dans les deux sens, sans danger d'effacement du béton pendant l'extraction des tubes ou après.In FIG. 10, a manufacturing circuit of the two-way "multipurpose chain" type 59 is shown, superimposed in vertical plane, circuit equipped with self-supporting mold banks, in particular of the Ba3 type, and equipped with an installation heat treatment of chni comprising covers C, closing d.; S molds and a chamber-tunnel of intensive heating F2, and on the other hand means D2, of transfer of said covers between the release station d and the station concreting b, demolding and transfer of the demolded products p above said chamber F2, for cooling, so that by providing the concreting station with a device for introducing the tubes 60, through the screens Et4 , the concrete can be compacted in two stages, the last of which is carried out "bench-closed" operation which allows the extraction of said tubes, by traction combined with a few rotational movements in both directions, without danger of erasure concrete during the extraction of tubes or after.

Sur les figures 11 et 12, est représentée une chaîne rotative à axe vertical, équipée d'une part de bancs autoportants Ba4, notamment pour la fabrication de poteaux pour lignes électriques, et dotée d'autre part d'une table rotative 61, qui passe, par sa rotation pas à pas, lesdits bancs fixes sur des plots élastiques 62, et fermés à l'aide de couvercles C, à trade produits ayant une largeur et/ou une longueur importante.In FIGS. 11 and 12, a rotary chain with a vertical axis is shown, equipped on the one hand with self-supporting benches Ba4, in particular for the manufacture of poles for power lines, and on the other hand provided with a rotary table 61, which passes, by its rotation step by step, said benches fixed on elastic pads 62, and closed using C covers, to trade products having a large width and / or length.

Un autre exemple préférentiel de réalisation est celui du "hall rotatif", amélioré tant en ce qui concerne la structure porteuse qu'en ce qui concerne les installations de traitement thermique, de démoulage et de refroidissement (figures 19, 20, 21, 22, 23 et 24).Another preferred embodiment example is that of the "rotary hall", improved both with regard to the support structure and with regard to the heat treatment, demolding and cooling installations (FIGS. 19, 20, 21, 22, 23 and 24).

Ainsi, en utilisant deux anneaux constitués en caisson de forte inertie, à l'aide de deux parois 75, en tôle épaisse, renforcée par des goussets radiaux 76a, et/ou circulaires 76b, et à l'aide d'une semelle intérieure 77a, et d'une semelle extérieure 77b, cette dernière pouvant soit être dotée d'un bandage de roulement 78, soit servir elle-même de bandage de roulement et, en plaçant lesdits anneaux aux deux extrémités de la structure, celle-ci peut être réalisée en deux variantes (figure 19), dont l'une non-portante ayant lesdits anneaux liés par une ossature métallique contreventée 79, dotée de plots élastiques 62, et équipée de bancs autoportants Ba, et l'autre autoportante par rapport aux efforts de mise en tension (figure 21 ayant les anneaux liés par une ossature 80, de forte résistance, capables de prendre en charge les efforts de mise en tension et de supporter, par l'intermédiaire des plots élastiques, les batteries de moules bm, structure équipée soit de dispositifs de mise en tension en groupe, notamment du type MT4, soit d'écrans autoportants du type Et4, de manière que les deux types de structures décrites permettent la filtration des vibrations d'amplitudes de plus en plus peï'tes aux postes qui suivent le bétonnage, avec des effets bénéfiques pour le durcissement rapide et la résistance finale du beton.Thus, by using two rings made up of a box of high inertia, using two walls 75, made of thick sheet metal, reinforced by radial gussets 76a, and / or circular 76b, and using an insole 77a , and an outer sole 77b, the latter being able either to be provided with a tread 78, or to serve itself as a tread and, by placing said rings at the two ends of the structure, this can be produced in two variants (FIG. 19), one of which is non-load-bearing having said rings linked by a braced metal frame 79, provided with elastic studs 62, and equipped with self-supporting benches Ba, and the other self-supporting with respect to the forces of tensioning (figure 21 having the rings linked by a framework 80, of strong resistance, capable of taking charge of the tensioning efforts and of supporting, by means of the elastic studs, the batteries of molds bm, structure equipped either setting devices voltage group, including MT4 type or free standing screens Et4 type, so that the two types of structures described allow vibration amplitudes filtration increasingly pei 'to your posts after concreting with beneficial effects for rapid hardening and final strength of the concrete.

La disposition des deux anneaux aux extrémités de la structure porteuse permet de réaliser une installation thermique de choc utilisant une série de couvercles métalliques CI, mobiles par rapport aux ba'1f- ';, et une chambre F4, de chauffage intense, disposée en arc de cercle entre le poste de bétonnage b et le poste de démoulage d (ce dernier, placé à 270° par rapport au premier), chambre dotée d'une part d'une paroi de traitement thermique 81, placée pour faciliter l'étanchéite entre les deux anneaux, paroi ayant la partie supérieure suspendue à la toiture 83 qui, elle, est posée à l'aide de galets 84, sur les deux anneaux, chambre équipée d'autre part de moyens de chauffage intensif soit à la vapeur 85, soit à l'aide de radiants infrarouges électriques ou à gaz.The arrangement of the two rings at the ends of the supporting structure makes it possible to produce a thermal shock installation using a series of metallic covers CI, movable relative to the ba'1f- '; and a chamber F4, of intense heating, arranged in an arc of circle between the concreting station b and the demolding station d (the latter, placed at 270 ° relative to the first), chamber provided on the one hand with a heat treatment wall 81, placed to facilitate the sealing between the two rings, wall having the upper part suspended from the roof 83 which, for its part, is placed using rollers 84, on the two rings, chamber equipped on the other hand with intensive heating means, either by steam 85, either using electric or gas infrared heaters.

Les couvercles métalliques C1, (figures 14, 17, 18, 19 et 21), fermant d'une seule pièce chaque banc de moules entre le poste de bétonnage et celui de démoulage, sont constitués d'une part d'une ossature de résistance 86, couverte d'une tôle lisse 87, et sont dotés d'autre part de moyens d'accrochage-décrochage automatique 88, sur lesdits bancs par l'intermédiaire de pièces de blocage 89, de manière que le transfert desdits couvercles, entre le poste de démoulage d et le poste de bétonnage b, s'effectue à l'aide d'une part de l'installation de démoulage D, et à l'aide d'autre part d'une courte chaîne 90, et d'une poutre roulante 91, qui dégage ladite chaîne et descend les couvercles dans l'axe vertical du hall en les accrochant sur le banc se trouvant au poste de bétonnage.The metal covers C1, (FIGS. 14, 17, 18, 19 and 21), closing in one piece each bench of molds between the concreting station and the demolding station, consist of a resistance framework on the one hand 86, covered with a smooth sheet 87, and are provided on the other hand with automatic hooking-detaching means 88, on said benches by means of locking pieces 89, so that the transfer of said covers, between the demoulding station d and the concreting station b, is carried out using the demoulding installation D on the one hand, and using a short chain 90, on the other hand, and a rolling beam 91, which releases said chain and descends the covers in the vertical axis of the hall by hanging them on the bench located at the concreting station.

Dans certains cas, on ferme les bancs de moules à l'aide de plusieurs couvercles C2, (figures 23 et 24), constitués d'une ossature moins importante 86a, couverte elle aussi par une tôle lisse 87, et dotés de galets 92, de manière qu'en fixant sur les bancs des pièces 93, avec la tête en pente, on puisse réaliser le blocage desdits couvercles sur le banc rempli au poste de bétonnage en les poussant les uns contre les autres, et de manière que le déblocage et le retour dés couvercles s'effectuent automatiquement à l'aide d'une installation, placée notamment dans le plan vertical du hall, comportant un dispositif basculant 94, équipé d'un vérin 95, lié à une tige à doigts verticaux 95a, qui, à chaque arrêt du hall, débloque lesdits couvercles et les dépose par son basculement sur deux rails-guidage 96, montés en pente 96a, au poste de déblocage et en boucle 96b, entre celui-ci et le poste de bétonnage, boucle fixée par des renforts 82a, et dotée de moyens de huilage 97, et de freinage 98, de manière qu'une fois ladite boucle remplie de couvercles, ceux-ci descendent tout simplement par gravité, arrivant soit directement dans un dispositif de pose 99, au-dessus du banc rempli, soit dans certains cas au bout dudit banc d'où ils sont repris pour la pose à l'aide de moyens ordinaires de manutention.In some cases, the mold banks are closed using several covers C2 (FIGS. 23 and 24), made up of a smaller frame 86a, also covered by a smooth sheet 87, and provided with rollers 92, so that by fixing pieces 93 on the benches, with the head sloping, it is possible to block said covers on the bench filled at the concreting station by pushing them against each other, and so that the release and the return of the covers takes place automatically using an installation, placed in particular in the vertical plane of the hall, comprising a tilting device 94, equipped with a jack 95, linked to a rod with vertical fingers 95a, which, at each stop in the hall, unlocks said covers and deposits them by tilting on two guide rails 96, mounted on a slope 96a, at the release station and in a loop 96b, between it and the concreting station, loop fixed by reinforcements 82a, and provided with oiling means 97, and braking means 98, so that once said loop is filled with covers, these simply descend by gravity, arriving either directly in a laying device 99, above the filled bench, or in some cases at the end of said bench from where they are taken up for installation using ordinary means of handling.

L'installation de démoulage D4, à fonctions multiples (figures 14, 19, 21, 24, 25 et 29), comporte d'une part une ossature, notamment tubulaire 100, dotée de deux parois de tête 101, de moyens 102, de va-et-vient, par rapport au banc de moules se trouvant au poste de démoulage et de moyens de rotation 103, elle comporte d'autre part dés moyens 104, de déverrouillage et 105, de pose des couvercles C, sur la chaîne de retour 90, des moyens 106, de démoulage en paquet et des moyens 107, de transfert des produits démoules, munis d'écrans autoportants devant l'entrée des divérses installations de réfroidissement et, dans certains cas, elle comporte égalemént des moyens de nettoyage et huilage des moules.The demoulding installation D4, with multiple functions (FIGS. 14, 19, 21, 24, 25 and 29), comprises on the one hand a framework, in particular tubular 100, provided with two head walls 101, means 102, back and forth, relative to the mold bank located at the demoulding station and rotation means 103, it also comprises means 104, unlocking and 105, for fitting covers C, on the chain of return 90, means 106, demoulding in a package and means 107, for transferring the demolded products, provided with self-supporting screens in front of the entrance to the various cooling installations and, in certain cases, it also includes means of cleaning and oiling the molds.

Les installations de refroidissement R, utilisées notamment pour le "hall rotatif" et pour le "tambour rotatif", sont conçues à l'horizontale RI, en pente R2, ou par rotation R3.The cooling installations R, used in particular for the "rotary hall" and for the "rotary drum", are designed horizontally RI, on a slope R2, or by rotation R3.

L'installation R1 (figures 14 et 19), disposée à l'horizontale entre le poste de démoulage d, et celui d'évacuation e, comporte d'une part un plancher support 108, et une enceinte dotée d'un plafond 109, de deux parois de tête 110, et de quelques membranes de fermeture 111, et comporte d'autre part des moyens de transfert pas à pas des produits démoulés, notamment à l'aide des chaînes 112.The installation R1 (FIGS. 14 and 19), arranged horizontally between the demoulding station d and that of the discharge e, comprises on the one hand a support floor 108, and an enclosure provided with a ceiling 109, two head walls 110, and a few closing membranes 111, and furthermore comprises means for step-by-step transfer of the demolded products, in particular using chains 112.

L'installation R2, (figures 21, 22 et 24), disposée en pente à l'intérieur ou à l'extérieur du "hall rotatif", comporte d'une part une ossature-support 113, deux parois principales d'isolation thermique 114, deux parois de tête 115, des membranes de fermeture 111, et quelques poutres de glissement 116, et comporte d'autre part un dispositif 117, d'introduction et de poussage des produits durcis en haut et un dispositif 118, de réception en bas et de transfert desdits produits sur la chaîne de finition.The R2 installation (Figures 21, 22 and 24), arranged on a slope inside or outside the "rotating hall", comprises on the one hand a framework support 113, two main thermal insulation walls 114, two head walls 115, closing membranes 111, and a few sliding beams 116, and furthermore comprises a device 117, for introducing and pushing hardened products at the top and a device 118 for receiving at the bottom and transferring said products onto the finishing line.

L'installation R3, (figure 25), comporte d'une part une ossature-support indépendante 119, dotée d'une chambre 120, notamment circulaire, à parois d'isolation thermique 121, à l'intérieur de laquelle tourne, à l'aide d'un dispositif 122, de rotation pas à pas, un cylindre 123, doté de quelques niches démontables 124, ayant le contour des produits démoulés, produits qui sont ainsi transférés entre l'installation de démoulage D, et la chaîne d'évacuation e, avec refroidissement progressif.The installation R3, (FIG. 25), comprises on the one hand an independent support frame 119, provided with a chamber 120, in particular circular, with thermal insulation walls 121, inside which rotates, at the With the aid of a device 122, of step-by-step rotation, a cylinder 123, provided with a few removable niches 124, having the outline of the demolded products, products which are thus transferred between the demoulding installation D, and the chain of evacuation e, with progressive cooling.

Pour le procédé "tambour rotatif", la méthode, selon l'invention, permet d'une part soit d'équiper la structure rotative ordinaire de bancs de moules autoportants, soit de réaliser une nouvelle structure, autoportante elle-même par rapport aux efforts de mise en tension, et d'autre part de doter ledit procédé de nouvelles installations de manière à pouvoir réaliser des unités fixes ou mobiles par voies terrestres ou maritimes, améliorant la fabrication des produits en béton precontraint.For the "rotary drum" process, the method according to the invention allows on the one hand either to equip the ordinary rotary structure with self-supporting benches of molds, or to produce a new structure, self-supporting itself with respect to the forces of tensioning, and on the other hand to endow said process with new installations so as to be able to produce fixed or mobile units by land or sea, improving the production of prestressed concrete products.

Dans les figures 27 et 28, on montre une structure rotative autoportante, constituée d'une poutre axiale 126, d'appui et de rotation, liée par deux parois de tête 127, et par quelques éléments de contreventement radial 128, à une série de poutres périphériques 129, de prise en charge des efforts de mise en tension, poutres contreventées également dans le sens circulaire, à l'aide des éléments 130, et équipée d'une part soit d'écrans autoportants Et4, soit de dispositifs de mise en tension en groupe MT4, et de batteries de moules ordinaires bm, dotées d'écrans autoportants Et, et dotée d'autre part d'une installation de traitement thermique de choc comportant des couvercles basculants C3, fixés à la structure ou aux batteries, une série de chambres de chauffage intensif F5, nichées à l'intérieur de ladite structure, et un dispositif rotatif 131, d'alimentation en vapeur, de manière que ladite structure constitue la pièce maîtresse d'une usine fixe, mobile ou flottante pour la fabrication des produits en béton précontraint.In FIGS. 27 and 28, a self-supporting rotary structure is shown, consisting of an axial beam 126, of support and rotation, linked by two head walls 127, and by a few radial bracing elements 128, to a series of peripheral beams 129, for taking charge of tensioning forces, beams also braced in the circular direction, using the elements 130, and equipped on the one hand either with self-supporting screens Et4, or with setting devices voltage in group MT4, and batteries of ordinary molds bm, fitted with self-supporting screens And, and equipped on the other hand with an impact heat treatment installation comprising tilting covers C3, fixed to the structure or to the batteries, a series of intensive heating chambers F5, nested inside said structure, and a rotary device 131, for supplying steam, so that said structure constitutes the centerpiece of a fixed, mobile or floating factory for manufacturing n prestressed concrete products.

Un dernier exemple de réalisation est celui d'une usine flottante de type "tambour rotatif", (figures 25 et 26), comportant soit une structure autoportante equipée de batteries de moules ordinaires, dotées de couvercles basculants C3, de fermeture, soit une structure non-portante 132, équipée de bancs autoportants dotés, eux aussi, de couvercles basculants de fermeture, structures montées à l'aide de deux dispositifs d'appui et de rotation 133, dans une coque 134, notammént én béton armé, coque pourvue d'une part de quelques consoles 135, de montage et de deux parois 136, de support desdites structures et de renforcement transversal, coque dotée d'autre part d'une charpente métallique ayant la partie inférieure 137, solidement fixée à ses parois et la partie supérieure 138, démontable ou même coulissante dans la partie inférieure, afin de réduire la hauteur pendant le transport de manière qu'en équipant d'une part ladite usine d'un dispositif de mise en place en groupe MP, d'une installation de bétonnage à trémietampon fixe 139, et à trémie de distribution mobile 140, d'une chambre F6, de chauffage intensif et d'une installation rotative de refroidissement R3, elle aussi, démontable pour le transport, et qu'en dotant d'autre part ladite usine d'une série d'annexes, notamment chaudière à vapeur, groupe électrogène, atelier d'entretien, laboratoire, magasins, bureau, sanitaires, etc, on obtienne une unité flottante autonome de très haut rendement qui permette en même temps de réduire la distance de transport tant pour les matières premières (sable et granulats sur place) que pour les produits finis.A final example of embodiment is that of a floating plant of the "rotary drum" type (FIGS. 25 and 26), comprising either a self-supporting structure equipped with batteries of ordinary molds, provided with tilting C3 lids, for closure, or a structure non-load-bearing 132, equipped with self-supporting benches also provided with tilting closing covers, structures mounted using two support and rotation devices 133, in a shell 134, in particular in reinforced concrete, shell provided with 'a part of some consoles 135, mounting and two walls 136, for supporting said structures and transverse reinforcement, shell provided on the other hand with a metal frame having the lower part 137, securely fixed to its walls and the part upper 138, removable or even sliding in the lower part, in order to reduce the height during transport so that, on the one hand, equipping said factory with a device for placing in group MP, with an instal Concrete lation with fixed hopper 139, and mobile distribution hopper 140, with an F6 chamber, with intensive heating and with a rotary cooling installation R3, which can also be dismantled for transport, and that by providing on the other hand, said factory of a series of annexes, in particular steam boiler, generator, maintenance workshop, laboratory, stores, office, sanitary, etc., we obtain an autonomous floating unit of very high efficiency which allows at the same time reduce the transport distance both for raw materials (sand and aggregates on site) and for finished products.

Claims (30)

1. A method for improving the efficiency of processes for manufacturing concrete products prestressed by bonded reinforcements, characterized by the fact that:
- movable and self-supporting screens (Et) for closing molds (m) at both ends and for anchoring reinforcements (a) (wires or strands) are used;
- after tensioning the reinforcements and molding concrete in molds, and after hardening by passing filled molds through a heat treatment unit, the products (b) are stripped in a stack with transfer of the prestressing forces to the end screens (Et);
- then the stripped products provided with said end screens are passed through a cooling unit (R);
- and, after the passage of products through said cooling unit, concrete having acquired an additional strength with respect to that which it had on stripping, the transfer of the prestressing forces to the concrete by bonding is effected and the self-supporting screens (Et) are recovered.
2. A method according to claim 1, characterized by the fact that the reinforcements (a) are group positioned with the aid of end screens and of group position devices (Mp), and that said reinforcements are group tensioned with the aid of group tensioning devices (MT) and some movable and self-supporting separating screens (Es) and provided, if necessary, between the end screens (Et), with respect to length wished for concrete products.
3. A method according to claim 2, characterized by the fact that self-supporting beds of molds (Ba) are used being provided with said movable and self-supporting end screens (Et) and possibly with separating screens (Es), and with group- tensioning devices (MT).
4. A method for improving the efficiency of processes for manufacturing concrete products prestressed by bonded reinforcements, characterised by the fact that it is used some movable and self-supporting screens (Ee) for closing molds (m) at both ends and for anchoring reinforcements (a) (wires or strands), some movable and self-supporting separating screens (Es) devices (MP) for group positioning reinforcements, devices (MT) for group tensioning reinforcements, by means of which it is possible either to provide self-supporting mold beds (Ba) or to equip directly certain mold-supporting structures provided with self-supporting mold beds or with sets of ordinary molds (bm) which structures allow the molds to pass through a shock heat treatment unit using covers (c), particularly metallic, for closing the molds and a fixed chamber (F), along the path of the molds, provided with intensive heating means, at the end of which a multipurpose unit (D) unhooks and transfers said covers, effects in a second stage the stripping of the products (p) in a stack, with a slow transfer of the prestressing forces to the end screens, and effects in a third stage the positioning of the stripped products, provided with said screens, in front of a cooling unit (R) so that, after the passage of said products through this latter unit, they arrive at a removal chain where the self-supporting screens are recovered and thus the transfer of the prestressing forces to the concrete by bonding is effected, the latter having acquired additional strength with respect to that which it had on stripping.
5. A self-supporting screen (Et1) for closing the ends of molds and for anchoring the reinforcements, for the implementation of a method according to claim 1 or 4, characterized by the fact that it comprises on the one hand two front walls (1) having the profile of the product to be manufactured and mounted with respect to one another at a distance enabling cutting of reinforcements (a), which walls are provided with holes for the passage of said reinforcements and of covers (2) (removable or fixed and provided with holes (t) for cutting the reinforcements), said walls comprising reinforcements adapted to make them self-supporting particularly with respect to prestressing forces, said screen including on the other hand means (4) for anchoring reinforcements and means (5) for rapid hooking to a group tensioning device, so that said screen, movable with respect to the mold, makes easy the group positioning and tensioning of reinforcements, particularly made as buttoned wires, as well as the stripping, and can take up the prestressing forces during the desired time after stripping.
6. A self-supporting end screen (Et2) for the implementation of a method according to claim 1 or 4, characterized by the fact that it is constituted by a single part (6), particularly cast, having the profile of the product to be manufactured, which part is provided with anchoring means (4) and with hooking means (5) and is possibly provided with holes and/or cavities (t) for cutting off the reinforcements.
7. A self-supporting end screen (Et3) for the implementation of a method according to claim 1 or 4, characterized by the fact that it comprises a strengthening plate (7) which is self-supporting both with respect to the tensioning forces and with respect to the prestressing forces, which plate is provided on the one hand with anchoring means for the reinforcements and with a wall (8) the outline of which corresponds to that of the product to be manufactured, which wall can extend inside the mold over a length ensuring the rapid and sealed fixing, and provided on the other hand with sliding means (9) sloped with respect to the ends of the molds and with means (10) for locking with respect thereto, so that for the wire-by-wire tensioning, losses are reduced, the group positioning is made easy and the automatic stripping is ensured, the said plate being able to take up the prestressing forces during the desired time after stripping the various products, said strengthening plate (7) possibly comprising holes and/or recesses (t) for the cutting off of the reinforcements.
8. A self-supporting end screen (Et4) for the implementation of a method according to claim 1 or 4, characterized by the fact that it comprises a framework having an adequate strengthening so as to be self-supporting with regards to prestressing forces as well as to tensioning forces, for anchoring the reinforcements, said framework being provided with at least one foot (9a) for sliding on a slope, said foot being provided in its turn either with locking means (10a) or with traction and locking means (11), so that said screen can serve both for the group tensioning and for wire-by-wire tensioning, ensuring in both cases an automatic stripping and a taking up of the prestressing forces.
9. A plant for manufacturing concrete products prestressed by bonded reinforcements, for the implementation of the method according to claim 1, characterized by the fact that it comprises movable, self-supporting screens (Et) according to any one of claims 5 to 8.
10. A plant according to claim 9, for the implementation of the method according to claim 2, characterized by the fact that it comprises furthermore devices (Mp) for group positioning reinforcements (a) of the devices (Mt) for group tensioning the reinforcements and, if necessary, movable, self-supporting separating screens (Es) disposed between the end screens (Et) with respect to the length wished for concrete products.
11. A plant according to claim 10, for the implementation of the method according, to claim 3, characterized by the fact that it comprises self-supporting beds of molds (Ba) provided with said movable, self-supporting end screens (Et) for closing molds, and possibly with separating screen (Es) and with devices (MT) for group- tensioning the reinforcements (a).
12. A plant for manufacturing concrete products prestressed by bonded reinforcements for the implementation of the method according to claim 4, characterised by the fact that it comprises movable, self-supporting screens (Ee) for closing molds at both ends and for anchoring reinforcements (a) (wires or strands), some movable and self-supporting separating screens (Es), devices (MP) for group positioning reinforcements, devices (MT) for group tensioning reinforcements, said screens and devices being adapted either to provide self-supporting beds of molds (Ba) or to equip directly certain mold-supporting structures provided with self-supporting beds of molds or with sets of ordinary molds (bm), which structures allow the molds to pass through a shock heat treatment unit using covers (c), particularly metallic, for closing the molds and a fixed chamber (F), along the path of the molds, provided with intensive heating means, said plant further comprising, at the end of said path, a multipurpose unit (D) provided with means for unhooking and means for transferring said covers, means for effecting in a second stage the stripping of the products (p) in a stack, with a slow transfer of the prestressing forces to the end screens, and means for effecting in a third stage the positioning of the stripped products, provided with said screens, in front of a cooling unit (R), said plant also comprising a removal chain located after said multipurpose unit (D), where the self-supporting screens are recovered and thus the transfer of the prestressing forces to the concrete by bonding is effected, the latter having acquired additional strength with respect to that which it had on stripping.
13. A plant according to claim 10, comprising a device (MP) for group positioning reinforcements for the implementation of a method according to claim 2, characterized by the fact that said device comprises at least two arms (12), of which one is fixed (12a) and the other or the others (12b) are sliding carrier arms, said arms being provided with tilting heads (13) and, for sliding arms (12b), with means (14) for rolling along the molds, the assembly being such that in the "arms closed" position, the self-supporting screens are fixed on said heads (13) and the reinforcements (a) are threaded through said screens, and such that in the "arms spread" position, the "screen- reinforcements" assembly is tilted into the molds.
14. A plant according to claim 11, comprising a group tensioning device (MT1) for the implementation of a method according to claim 3, characterized by the fact that said device comprises some sliding spindles (15), inside sleeves (15aJ slantwise fixed to the two ends of a self-supporting bed or of a self-supporting structure, said spindles being provided on the one hand with sleeves (17) ensuring an adjustable fixing of the hooking means (18) of the end screens, and on the other hand means (19) ensuring a reciprocal movement so that, with the slantwise sliding with separation with respect to the mold, the reinforcements are tensioned and so that, with the sliding in reverse direction with closing up, on the one hand the reinforcements are slowly loosened and the prestressing forces are taken up by the self-supporting screens which remain thus fixed at the ends of the stripped products, and so that on the other hand the stripping of said product is made easy.
15. A plant according to anyone of claims 10, 11 or 12, comprising a group tensioning device (MT4) for the implementation of a method according to claim 2, 3 or 4, characterized by the fact that said device comprises arms (32) supported at both ends of a self-supporting bed or of a self-supporting structure, said arms being provided with beams (35) provided with means (36) for fastening with said arms, with means (37) for hooking the end screens and means (38) for locking said screens so that, by tightening the arms especially by means of tie rods (39) provided with screwing means (40), the reinforcements are slowly tensioned and so that, by unscrewing, the tensioning forces are converted into prestressing forces taken up by the screens which thus remain fixed at the ends of the stripped product, said tilting arms (32) being possibly mounted on devices (42) enabling a slantwise sliding so as to make easy the stripping.
16. A plant according to claim 11 or 12, comprising a self-supporting bed (Ba2) for the implementation of a method according to claim 3 or 4, particularly for the manufacture of produts requiring a wire-by-wire tensioning, characterized by the fact that said bed comprises on the one hand a series of longitudinal girders for taking up the tensioning forces, especially made by means of longitudinal beams (50) on which the side walls of the molds (51), connected in advance by a metallic profile (52), are fixed especially by welding, said longitudinal girders being transversely reinforced with the bottom of the molds (51 a) and by beams (53) intended also for the fixing of compacting means, and that on the other hand the self-supporting bed is provided with slope sliding parts (54) intended to engage complementary slantwise surfaces provided on said self-supporting screen beds (particularly of the type ET3 or ET4), said self-supporting bed being possibly provided with particular rolling means (49).
17. A plant according to claim 11 or 12, comprising a self-supporting bed (Ba3) for the implementation of a method according to claim 3 or 4, particularly for the manufacture of surface products such as slabs, floors, panels,..., characterized by the fact that said bed comprises a framework (55) for taking up tensioning forces, covered with a smooth metal sheet (55a) and possibly provided with particular rolling means (49), said framework being provided with a series of recesses (56) having sloped front walls (56a), so as to be able to receive head screens (Et4), in a fixed position at one of the ends of said bed and in a variable position, according to the length of the products, at the other end.
18. A plant according to claim 11 or 12, comprising a manufacturing line for prestressed concrete products for the implementation of a method according to claim 1 or 4, characterized by the fact that said line is provided on the one hand with self-supporting mold beds and that it is provided on the other hand with a manufacturing circuit closed in a horizontal plane by means of two end conveyors, so as to pass the beds filled with concrete and closed with particularly metallic covers (c) through two adjacent chambers (F1) for intensive heating in a tunnel and so as to present them at the stripping station (d) above a unit (D1) constituted either by a travelling crane, or particularly by a gantry (58) provided with a cantilever beam (58a) and with lifting and hooking means which carries out on the one hand the transfer of the covers between the stripping station (d) and the tunnel insertion station (i), and on the other hand the transfer of the stripped products through said tunnel wherein successively the cooling (r), the finishing, and the removal (e) are made.
19. A plan according to claim 11 or 12, comprising a manufacturing line using a circuit of the "multipurpose line" type for the implementation of a method according to claim 3 or 4. characterized by the fact that said line is provided with self-supporting beds (notably of the Ba3 type) and provided on the one hand with a shock heat treatment installation, including covers (c) for closing the molds and a tunnel-chamber for intensive heating (F2), and on the other hand with means (D2) for the transfer of said covers between the stripping station (d) and the concreting station (b), the stripping station and the station of transfer of the stripped products above the slow cooling tunnel, so that by providing the concreting station with a device (60) for introducing tubes through the screens (Et4), it is possible to effect the compacting of the concrete in two stages, the first of which is carried out "closed bed" which operation allows the extraction of said tubes, by traction combined with some movements of rotation in two directions, without danger of removal of concrete during the extraction of the tubes or afterwards.
20. A plant according to claim 11 or 12, comprising a rotary line in a vertical plane for the implementation of a method according to anyone of claims 2 or 4, characterized by the fact that said rotary line is provided with a fixed structure having two end gantries (65) provided with circular guides (66) and connected on the one hand by working platforms (67) and on the other hand by walls (68) of the heating chamber (F4) provided with heating means, particularly by infrared heaters (69), so that the mold beds (Ba) provided with particular rolling means (70) and closed by means of covers (C) are moved in a rotary circuit, which circuit can be provided with stripping and cooling units.
21. A plant of the "rotary hall" type according to any one of claims 9 to 12 for the implementation of a method according to anyone of claims 1 to 4, characterized by the fact that it has two rings arranged at the ends of the hall so as to be able to be provided on the one hand with novel bearing structures and on the other hand with more efficient installations for heat treatment, stripping and cooling.
22. A rotary plant according to claim 21, characterized by the fact that the two rings, arranged at the ends, are constituted as a caisson of high inertia, by means of two walls (75) of thick sheet metal, reinforced by radial gussets (76a) and/or circular gussets (76b), and by means of an inner sole (77a) and an outer sole (77b), the latter being either providable with a rolling tire (78) or usable itself as a rolling tire so that, by connecting the two rings through a lighter metallic framework (79), a rotary structure non-supporting with respect to the tensioning forces is obtained, said structure carrying self-supporting mold heads, and so that, by connecting said rings by a framework (80) having a high strength, and by providing them either with group tensioning devices (particularly of the MT4 type) or with self-supporting screens (Et4) for wire-by-wire tensioning, a self-supporting structure is obtained, said structure bearing sets of ordinary molds, so that the two types of described structures enable filtration of vibrations of smaller and smaller amplitude at stations which follow concreting, with beneficial effects for the rapid hardening and final strength of the concrete.
23. A plant according to anyone of claims 9 to 12, comprising a shock heat treatment unit for the implementation of a method according to anyone of claims 1 to 4, or for the manufacture line of a plan according to claim 19, characterized by the fact that said shock heat treatment unit uses a series of metal covers (C1) closing in a single part each mold bed between the concreting station and that of the stripping, said covers being constituted on the one hand with a strengthening framework (86) covered with a smooth sheet metal (87), and provided on the other hand with automatic hooking-unhooking means (88) on said beds through some locking parts (89) so that the transfer of said covers, between the stripping station and the concreting station, is carried out by means on the one hand of the stripping unit (D), by means on the other hand of a short chain (90) and of a rolling beam (91), which disengages said chain and lowers the covers along the vertical axis of the hall by hooking them onto the bed which is at the concreting station.
24. A plant according to anyone of claims 9 to 12 comprising a shock treatment unit for the implementation of a method according to anyone of claims 1 to 4, or for a manufacture line of a plant according to claim 19, characterized by the fact that said shock heat treatment unit comprises on the one hand a fixed heating chamber towards the inside and several movable chambers, recessed in the rotary structure itself towards the outside, according to a solution which ensures at the same time the closing of the plant, and by the fact that it uses on the other hand some covers (C2) of smaller gauge, each provided with four rollers (92), for locking and for rolling so that by fixing on the beds some parts, with the sloped head, it is possible to carry out the locking of said covers on the bed filled at the concreting station by pushing them against one another and so that the unlocking and the return of the covers is made automatically by means of a unit placed particularly in the vertical plane of the hall, including a tilting device (94) provided with a jack (95), connected to a rod with vertical fingers (95a) which, on each stop of the hall, unlocks said covers and deposits them by tilting on two sloped guide rails (96a) at the unlocking looped station (96b) between the latter and the concreting station, which loop is fixed by some reinforcements 182a) and is provided with oiling means (97) and braking means (98), so that once said loop is filled with covers, the latter drop simply by gravity, and come either directly in a positioning device (99) above the filled bed, or in some cases at the end of said bed whence they are taken up again for the positioning by ordinary handling means.
25. A plant according to anyone of claims 9 to 12, comprising a multipurpose stripping unit (D4) for the implementation of a method according to anyone of claims 1 to 4, or for a manufacture line of a plant according to claim 19, characterized by the fact that said stripping unit comprises on the one hand a framework, particularly tubular (100), provided with two end walls (101), with means (102) for reciprocal movement with respect to the mold bed situated at the stripping station and with rotation means (103) and by the fact that it includes on the other hand means (104) for unlocking and (105) for positioning the covers (C1) on the return chain (90), means (106) for stackwise stripping and means (107) for transferring the stripped products, provided with self-supporting screens in front of the entrance of various cooling units.
26. A plant according to anyone of claims 9 to 12 comprising a cooling unit (RI) for the implementation of a method according to anyone of claims 1 to 4 or for a manufacture line of a plant according to claim 19, characterized by the fact that said cooling unit is arranged on the horizontal between the stripping station (d) and the removable chain (e) on a particular floor, provided with passage means (112) for the products stripped stackwise and stepwise and, in some cases, with walls withclosing diaphragms.
27. A plant according to anyone of claims 9 to 12 comprising a cooling unit (R2) for the implementation of a method according to anyone of claims 1 to 4, or for a manufacture line of a plant according to claim 19, characterized by the fact that said cooling unit is arranged on a slope either inside or outside the rotary hall, provided with a device (117) for the insertion and pushing upward, with some supporting and sliding beams (116), with some guide beam (116a), with receiving and downward removal means (118) and in some cases with walls and closing diaphragms.
28. A plant according to anyone of claims 9 to 12, comprising a self-supporting structure for the "rotary drum" process for the implementation of a method according to anyone of claims 1 to 4, or for a manufacture line of a plant according to claim 19, characterized by the fact that said self-supporting structure is constituted by an axial supporting and rotation beam (126) connected through two end walls (127) and through some radial bracing elements (128) to a series of peripheral beams (129) for taking up the tensioning forces, said beams being braced also in the circular direction by means of elements (130) and provided on the one hand either with self-supporting screens (Et4) or with group tensioning devices (MT4) and with sets of ordinary molds (bm) provided with self-supporting screens (Et), and provided on the other hand with a shock heat treatment unit comprising tilting covers (C3) fixed to the structure or to the sets, a series of intensive heating chambers (F5) recessed inside said structure, and a rotary device (131) for supply of steam, so that said structure is the main part in a fixed, movable or floating plant for the manufacture of prestressed concrete products.
29. A plant according to anyone of claims 9 to 12, comprising a rotary cooling unit (R3) for the implementation of a method according to anyone of claims 1 to 4 or for a manufacture line of a plant according to claim 19, characterized by the fact that said rotary cooling unit comprises on the one hand an independent support framework (1' . provided with a chamber (120) particularly circular, with heat insulating walls (121) inside which rotates, by means of a stepwise rotation device (122), a cylinder (123) provided with some dismountable recesses (124) having the outline of the stripped products, which products are then transferred between the stripping installation (D) and the removal chain (e) with progressive cooling.
30. A floating plant of the "rotary drum" type, according to anyone of claims 9 to 12, for the implementation of the method according to claim 1 or 4 or for a manufacture line of a plant according to claim 19, characterized by the fact that it comprises either a self-supporting structure provided with mold sets (bm) provided with selfs- supporting screens (Et) and with closing covers of the tilting type (B3), or with a non-supporting structure provided with self-suporting mold beds (Ba) also provided with tilting covers for closing the concrete, which structures being mounted by means of two support and rotation devices (113) in a shell (134), especially of reinforced concrete, which shell is provided on the one hand with some mounting consoles (135) and with two walls (136) for supporting the structures and transverse reinforcement, which shell is provided on the one hand with a metal framework having the lower part (137) firmly fixed to its walls and the upper part (138) dismountable or sliding in order to reduce the height during transportation, so that by providing on the one hand said factory with group positioning devices (MP), with a concreting unit with a fixed buffer-hopper and with a movable distributing hopper, with a chamber (F6) for intensive heating, particularly by steam, and with a rotary cooling unit (R3) also dismountable for transportation and so that by providing on the other hand said factory with a series of annexes, especially steam boiler, electrical generating set, maintenance workshop, laboratory, shops, office, sanitary means, etc..., an autonomous floating unit is obtained having very high yield which enables at the same time reduction of the distance of transportation both for the raw materials (sand and granulates on site) and for the finished products.
EP82400136A 1981-02-04 1982-01-25 Method, self supporting screens and installations for the improvement of the efficiency of the methods of making prestressed concrete products Expired EP0057635B1 (en)

Priority Applications (1)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
AT82400136T ATE20848T1 (en) 1981-02-04 1982-01-25 METHODS, SELF-SUPPORTING SHAFT WALLS AND INSTALLATIONS FOR IMPROVING THE EFFICIENCY OF METHODS FOR THE MANUFACTURE OF PRECAST CONCRETE ELEMENTS.

Applications Claiming Priority (2)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
FR8102087A FR2498976A1 (en) 1981-02-04 1981-02-04 METHOD, DEVICES, MOLD-SUPPORTING STRUCTURES AND FACILITIES FOR IMPROVING THE EFFICIENCY OF PROCESSES FOR THE MANUFACTURE OF PRE-STRESSED CONCRETE PRODUCTS
FR8102087 1981-02-04

Publications (3)

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EP0057635A2 EP0057635A2 (en) 1982-08-11
EP0057635A3 EP0057635A3 (en) 1982-08-18
EP0057635B1 true EP0057635B1 (en) 1986-07-23

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US (1) US4421710A (en)
EP (1) EP0057635B1 (en)
JP (1) JPS57181816A (en)
KR (1) KR830008813A (en)
AR (1) AR228300A1 (en)
AT (1) ATE20848T1 (en)
BR (1) BR8200571A (en)
CA (1) CA1178795A (en)
DE (1) DE3272060D1 (en)
ES (1) ES8305240A1 (en)
FR (1) FR2498976A1 (en)
ZA (1) ZA82680B (en)

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Also Published As

Publication number Publication date
ZA82680B (en) 1982-12-29
DE3272060D1 (en) 1986-08-28
KR830008813A (en) 1983-12-14
AR228300A1 (en) 1983-02-15
CA1178795A (en) 1984-12-04
ES509288A0 (en) 1983-05-01
US4421710A (en) 1983-12-20
ATE20848T1 (en) 1986-08-15
EP0057635A3 (en) 1982-08-18
EP0057635A2 (en) 1982-08-11
ES8305240A1 (en) 1983-05-01
JPS57181816A (en) 1982-11-09
FR2498976A1 (en) 1982-08-06
FR2498976B1 (en) 1983-10-21
BR8200571A (en) 1982-12-07

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