EP0057635A2 - Method, self supporting screens and installations for the improvement of the efficiency of the methods of making prestressed concrete products - Google Patents

Abstract

Method according to which mobile and self-supporting head screens (Et) are used for closing the molds (m) at both ends and for anchoring the frames (a); the products are demolded with transfer of the prestressing forces to the head screens, then when the concrete has acquired an additional resistance compared to that existing at the time of demolding, the prestressing forces are transferred to the concrete by adhesion and recovers freestanding screens (And).

Description

The invention relates to a method, to devices, to mold-carrying structures and to installations making it possible to improve the efficiency of the processes for the production of prestressed concrete products by adherent reinforcements.

It is known that the production of prestressed concrete products often imposes the pouring and hardening of concrete in the molds and a particular requirement for the operations of placing, tensioning and relaxing the reinforcements (wires or strands).

Therefore, the effectiveness of any process for the manufacture of prestressed concrete elements is mainly determined by the cycle of use of the molds and by means used for the establishment, tensioning and expansion reinforcements.

In the so-called "ground benches" processes, the molds are used only once a day, which makes industrial exploitation of these processes ineffective.

The "chain" processes manage to use the molds up to twice a day but, since the said molds have the width of the product to be produced, the operations of placing, tensioning and relaxing the reinforcements are laborious, especially for short products.

The "float chain" process, which has certain facilities for hardening concrete, has so far been provided with means for the production of prestressed concrete elements.

The "rotary hall" and "rotary drum" processes have still unexploited reserves both for the rapid rotation of the molds and for the various technological processes.

The object of the invention is to provide these methods with a method, devices, mold-carrying structures and installations making it possible to improve their efficiency.

According to the invention, the method for improving the efficiency of the manufacturing processes, mentioned above, uses mobile and self-supporting screens, group positioning and tensioning devices, new load-bearing structures. molds and concrete hardening and demoulding installations which on the one hand simplify the respective technological processes and ensure a non-negligible reduction in losses of reinforcements (wires or strands) and which on the other hand allow to advance, in certain case, demolding by transferring via said screens the prestressing force at the end of the elements and to continue hardening of the demolded elements still a period after which, the concrete having an increased resistance, the transfer of the prestressing by adhesion between reinforcements and concrete becomes more efficient.

• - écrans de tête, mobiles par rapport aux moules et autoportants par rapport aux efforts de mise en tension et de précontrainte
• - écrans de séparation, mobiles et autoportants ;
• - dispositifs de mise en place en groupe des armatures ;
• - dispositifs de mise en tension en groupe des armatures, par coulissement en biais par rapport aux moules ;
• - dispositifs de mise en tension en groupe par parallélogramme déformable ;
• - dispositifs de mise en tension en groupe par. glissement en parallèle ;
• - dispositifs de mise en tension en groupe par basculement ;
• - bancs de moules, fixes ou mobiles, autoportants par rapport aux efforts de mise en tension, dotés d'écrans mobiles autoportants et, dans certains cas, de' dispositifs de mise en tension en groupe ;
• - structures porteuses de moules équipées d'un ou plusieurs moyens décrits ci-avant ;
• - installations de traitement thermique de choc dotées de couvercles notamment métalliques et de chambres de chauffage intensif ;
• - installations de transfert des couvercles par gravitation ;
• - installations de démoulage à fonctions multiples : transfert des couvercles, démoulage en paquet, transfert des produits démoulés et, dans certains cas, nettoyage et huilage ;
• - installation de refroidissement des produits démoulés.

According to the invention, the devices, the supporting structures and the installations, making it possible to improve the efficiency of the various methods of manufacturing prestressed concrete products, mainly consist of:

• - head screens, movable with respect to molds and self-supporting with respect to tensioning and prestressing efforts
• - separation screens, mobile and freestanding;
• - devices for grouping reinforcement;
• - group tensioning devices for reinforcements, by sliding at an angle to the molds;
• - group tensioning devices by deformable parallelogram;
• - group tensioning devices par. sliding in parallel;
• - group tensioning devices by tilting;
• - mold benches, fixed or mobile, self-supporting with respect to tensioning efforts, provided with self-supporting mobile screens and, in some cases, 'group tensioning devices;
• - mold-carrying structures equipped with one or more means described above;
• - shock thermal treatment installations with covers, in particular of metal, and intensive heating chambers;
• - gravity lids transfer facilities;
• - multipurpose demolding installations: transfer of covers, demoulding in packages, transfer of demolded products and, in some cases, cleaning and oiling;
• - cooling installation for demolded products.

Preferably, the head screens for the group tensioning of the reinforcements, movable relative to the molds, have on the one hand either two walls according to the profile of the product to be produced, reinforced with ribs in order to make them self-supporting with respect to the tensioning forces and with respect to the prestressing forces, that is to say a single self-supporting part with respect to said forces and on the other hand means for anchoring the reinforcements and means allowing their rapid attachment to the various devices of group tensioning so that, provided with holes for the passage of the reinforcements, said screens facilitate the operations of setting up, tensioning and demolding, ensuring the reduction of reinforcement losses and taking charge of the prestressing efforts for the required time, after demolding.

In the case of tensioning wire by wire of the reinforcements, the head screens consist of a self-supporting framework with respect to the stressing and prestressing forces, framework provided on the one hand with means for anchoring the reinforcements and of a wall according to the product to be produced and on the other hand of sloping sliding means relative to the ends of the molds and of locking means relative thereto so that on the one hand said screens make it possible to automate the demolding operation and so that, on the other hand, they facilitate installation, reduce the losses of reinforcements and take charge of the prestressing forces after demolding.

Preferably, the mobile and self-supporting separation screens are constituted in the same way as the head screens, not being fitted with means for hooking and sliding, but in certain cases with temporary blocking means inside the mussels.

Preferably, the devices for placing the reinforcements in a group comprise several arms, with tilting head, one of which is fixed and the other or the other are movable along the molds so that, in the "arms tight" position ( at one of the two ends of the molds), the screens are fixed, freestanding or not, on said heads, and the frames are threaded through said screens and so that, in the "arms apart" position, the set "screen-frames" in the molds.

Advantageously, the group tensioning devices by sliding at an angle with respect to the molds have axes sliding inside the sleeves, the latter being fixed at an angle to the ends of the structure for taking charge of the tensioning force, axes provided with means for hooking the head screens and for sliding means, so that, by their approximation relative to the molds, they ensure slow expansion frames, facilitate demoulding in a package and free the head screens which remain pressed against the ends of the demolded products.

Preferably, the group tensioning devices by deformable parallelogram comprise on the one hand a series of connecting rods provided with means for hooking the head screens, linked by ordinary articulations to a series of connecting rods by articulation at the ends of the structure for taking charge of the tensioning forces, and on the other hand the locking means so that the assembly described works as a deformable parallelogram which, in the stretched position, is self-locking and which, by unlocking, ensures the slow tensioning of the frames, facilitates demolding and frees the head screens which come out pressed against the ends of the demolded products.

Preferably, the group tensioning devices by sliding in parallel with respect to the molds comprise on the one hand arms provided with fixing means on the two ends of the structure for taking charge of the tensioning force, and on the other hand sliding beams provided with means for hooking the head screens and rods for tensioning.

Advantageously, the group tensioning devices by tilting comprise on the one hand arms provided with tilting means, mounted at the two ends of the structure for taking charge of the tensioning force, and on the other hand resistance beams provided with means for fixing to the tilting arms, means for hanging the head screens and means for blocking said screens. In certain cases, when the slackening of the reinforcements is called upon to aid the exit of the products from the molds, said rocking arms are mounted on the heads of the support structure by means of biasing devices.

Preferably, the self-supporting mold banks have a metal frame furnished with shells, capable of taking charge of the tensioning efforts, equipped with mobile and self-supporting screens and, in certain cases, group tensioning devices, frame can be provided with rolling means.

The mobile and self-supporting screens, the group setting-up and tensioning devices and the self-supporting benches of molds, described above, make it possible to improve on the one hand the supporting structures of the molds and on the other hand the concrete hardening and demoulding installations for various processes.

Thus, the self-supporting mold banks of a certain length can either be fixed to the ground, or in particular moved in manufacturing circuits "in chain" of ordinary type or of type using rotation.

For the "float chain" process, self-supporting floating structures can be produced with respect to the tensioning forces, provided with group tensioning devices and equipped either with a smooth platform or with mold batteries. with mobile and self-supporting screens.

For the "rotary hall" and "rotary drum" processes, processes using rotation with a horizontal axis, the method and the various devices make it possible to produce new load-bearing structures which pass the banks of self-supporting molds or bats ries of ordinary molds through a shock heat treatment installation and present them facing a multi-function demolding installation, so that the products demoulded in a package, provided in some cases with self-supporting screens, are transferred through a chamber cooling on an evacuation chain where freestanding screens can be recovered.

• - La figure 1 de ces dessins est une vue en perspective des écrans, mobiles et autoportants, conçus pour la mise en tension en groupes des armatures et pour permettre la coupure de celles-ci après démoulage.
• - La figure 2 est une vue en perspective des écrans, mobiles et autoportants, conçus d'une seule pièce pour la mise en tension en groupe des armatures avec ou sans la coupe finale de celles-ci.
• - La figure 3 est une vue en perspective de deux écrans de tête, mobiles et autoportants, conçus pour la mise en tension fil par fil des armatures.
• - La figure 4 est une coupe longitudinale d'une structure autoportante dotée d'écrans de tête, mobiles et autoportants, conçus de manière à servir d'une part à la mise en tension fil par fil et de manière à réaliser, dans certains cas, la mise en tension en groupe par rangée de moules.
• - La figure 5 est une vue en perspective d'un dispositif de mise en place en groupe des armatures à l'aide desdits écrans autoportants.
• - La figure 6 est une coupe longitudinale à travers un banc de moules autoportants, doté d'une part d'écrans autoportants et de dispositifs de mise en tension en groupe par coulissement en biais et d'autre part, dans certains cas, de moyens propres de roulement.
• - La figure 7 est une coupe transversale suivant 1-1 (figure 6) à travers ledit banc autoportant.
• - La figure 8 est une vue en plan d'une chaîne équipée de bancs de moules autoportants et d'une installation de traitement thermique de choc.
• - La figure 9 est une coupe longitudinale à travers un banc autoportant pour la fabrication de dalles alvéolées, doté d'écrans autoportants pour la mise en tension fil par fil.
• - La figure 10 est une coupe à travers un circuit de fabrication du type "chaine polyvalente" équipé de bancs autoportants selon la figure 9.
• - La figure 11 est une coupe longitudinale à travers un banc de moules autoportant, conçu pour la fabrication de poteaux pour lignes électriques, banc doté d'écrans autoportants de mise en tension en groupe et monté sur une chaine à axe vertical.
• - La figure 12 est une vue en plan d'une chaine rotative, à axe vertical, équipée de bancs de moules autoportants, selon la figure 11, et dotée d'une installation de traitement thermique de choc.
• - La figure 13 est une coupe longitudinale à travers un banc de moules autoportant, doté d'écrans autoportants et de dispositifs de mise en tension en groupe par parallélogramme déformable, banc doté de moyens propres de roulement et monté sur une structure permettant son déplacement selon un circuit du type "hall rotatif".
• - La figure 14 est une coupe transversale d'une chaine rotative à axe horizontal, équipée de bancs de moules auto^portants et dotée des installations du type utilisé dans le procédé "hall rotatif".
• - La figure 15 est une coupe longitudinale à travers une structure flottante autoportante, dotée de dispositifs de mise en tension en groupe, notamment par coulissement en parallèle, et d'une plate-forme lisse montée sur des plots élastiques et équipée d'écrans autoportants.
• - La figure 16 est une coupe transversale suivant I-I (figure 15) à travers ladite structure flottante.
• - La figure 17 est une coupe longitudinale à travers un banc de moules autoportant,, doté d'écrans autoportants pour la mise en tension fil par fil des armatures, banc équipé d'un couvercle métallique enfermant le béton dans les moules.
• - La figure 18 est une coupe transversale suivant I-I (figure 17) à travers ledit banc autoportant.
• - La figure 19 est une coupe transversale d'un "hall rotatif" doté d'une part d'une structure rotative équipée de bancs de moules autoportants (figures 17 et 18), et doté d'autre part d'un dispositif de mise en place en groupe d'une installation de traitement thermique de choc à la vapeur, d'une installation de démoulage à fonctions multiples et d'une installation de refroidissement disposée à l'horizontale.
• - La figure 20 est une coupe longitudinale à travers une structure rotative du type "hall rotatif", autoportante par rapport aux efforts de mise en tension, structure dotée de dispositifs de mise en tension en groupe par basculement et équipée de batteries de moules ordinaires dotées d'écrans autoportants.
• - La figure 21 est une coupe transversale d'un "hall rotatif", doté d'une part de ladite structure autoportante (figure 20), et d'autre part d'une installation de traitement thermique de choc, d'une installation de démoulage à fonctions multiples et d'une installation de refroidissement disposée en pente à l'extérieur.
• - La figure 22 est une coupe transversale de l'installation de refroidissement disposée en pente à l'extérieur du "hall rotatif" (figure 21).
• - La figure 23 est une coupe longitudinale d'un "hall rotatif" doté d'une part d'une structure équipée elle-même d'écrans autoportants de mise en tension fil par fil et d'autre part d'une installation de transfert des couvercles par gravitation et d'une installation de refroidissement en pente disposée à l'intérieur du hall.
• - La figure 24 est une coupe transversale du "hall rotatif" (figure 23).
• - La figure 25 est une coupe transversale d'un "tambour rotatif flottant" équipé de bancs de moules autoportants, selon l'une des solutions décrites ci-avant, et doté d'un dispositif de mise en place en groupe, d'une installation de traitement thermique de choc à couvercles basculants, d'une installation de démoulage à fonctions multiples et d'une installation rotative de refroidissement.
• - La figure 26 est une coupe longitudinale à travers le "tambour rotatif" (figure 25).
• - La figure 27 est une coupe transversale d'une structure du type "tambour rotatif", autoportants par rapport aux efforts de mise en tension, structure dotée principalement de dispositifs de mise en tension en groupe par basculement et d'une installation de traitement thermique de choc incorporée.
• - La figure 28 est une coupe longitudinale à travers la structure ci-dessus (figure 24).
• - La figure 29 est une coupe transversale à travers l'installation de démoulage à fonctions multiples.

The invention consists, apart from the provisions set out above, of certain other provisions which will be explicitly discussed below, in connection with several preferred embodiments described with reference to the attached drawings, but which are in no way intended limiting.

• - Figure 1 of these drawings is a perspective view of screens, mobile and self-supporting, designed for the tensioning in groups of the frames and to allow the cutting thereof after demolding.
• - Figure 2 is a perspective view of screens, mobile and self-supporting, designed in one piece for the group tensioning of the frames with or without the final cut thereof.
• - Figure 3 is a perspective view of two head screens, mobile and self-supporting, designed for tensioning wire by wire of the frames.
• - Figure 4 is a longitudinal section of a self-supporting structure with head screens, mobile and self-supporting, designed so as to serve on the one hand for the tensioning wire by wire and so as to achieve, in some cases , group tensioning by row of molds.
• - Figure 5 is a perspective view of a device for grouping the reinforcement using said self-supporting screens.
• - Figure 6 is a longitudinal section through a bench of self-supporting molds, provided with screens self-supporting and group tensioning devices by sliding at an angle and on the other hand, in certain cases, own rolling means.
• - Figure 7 is a cross section along 1-1 (Figure 6) through said self-supporting bench.
• - Figure 8 is a plan view of a chain equipped with self-supporting mold banks and a thermal shock treatment installation.
• - Figure 9 is a longitudinal section through a self-supporting bench for the manufacture of honeycomb slabs, with self-supporting screens for tensioning wire by wire.
• FIG. 10 is a section through a manufacturing circuit of the "multipurpose chain" type equipped with self-supporting benches according to FIG. 9.
• - Figure 11 is a longitudinal section through a self-supporting bench of molds, designed for the manufacture of poles for power lines, bench with self-supporting screens for group tensioning and mounted on a chain with vertical axis.
• - Figure 12 is a plan view of a rotary chain, with a vertical axis, equipped with self-supporting mold banks, according to Figure 11, and provided with a thermal shock treatment installation.
• - Figure 13 is a longitudinal section through a bench of self-supporting molds, with self-supporting screens and group tensioning devices by deformable parallelogram, bench with own rolling means and mounted on a structure allowing its movement according a "rotary hall" type circuit.
• - Figure 14 is a cross section of a rotatable chain with horizontal axis, equipped with mussel beds self ^p ortants and with installations of the type used in the process "rotary hall".
• - Figure 15 is a longitudinal section through through a self-supporting floating structure, equipped with group tensioning devices, in particular by sliding in parallel, and with a smooth platform mounted on elastic pads and equipped with self-supporting screens.
• - Figure 16 is a cross section along II (Figure 15) through said floating structure.
• - Figure 17 is a longitudinal section through a self-supporting bench of molds, with self-supporting screens for tensioning wire by wire of the frames, bench equipped with a metal cover enclosing the concrete in the molds.
• - Figure 18 is a cross section along II (Figure 17) through said self-supporting bench.
• - Figure 19 is a cross section of a "rotary hall" with on the one hand a rotary structure equipped with self-supporting mold banks (Figures 17 and 18), and on the other hand with a setting device in place as a group of a thermal shock treatment steam installation, a multi-function demolding installation and a cooling installation arranged horizontally.
• FIG. 20 is a longitudinal section through a rotary structure of the "rotary hall" type, self-supporting with respect to the tensioning forces, structure provided with group tensioning devices by tilting and equipped with ordinary mold batteries provided with freestanding screens.
• - Figure 21 is a cross section of a "rotary hall", provided on the one hand with said self-supporting structure (FIG. 20), and on the other hand with an impact heat treatment installation, with an installation for multipurpose demoulding and a cooling installation sloping outside.
• - Figure 22 is a cross section of the cooling installation arranged on a slope outside the "rotating hall" (Figure 21).
• - Figure 23 is a longitudinal section of a "rotating hall" provided on the one hand with a structure itself equipped with self-supporting screens for tensioning wire by wire and on the other hand with a transfer installation gravitational covers and a sloping cooling system located inside the hall.
• - Figure 24 is a cross section of the "rotating hall" (Figure 23).
• - Figure 25 is a cross section of a "floating rotating drum" equipped with self-supporting mold banks, according to one of the solutions described above, and provided with a device for group placement, a installation for shock heat treatment with tilting covers, a multi-function demolding installation and a rotary cooling installation.
• - Figure 26 is a longitudinal section through the "rotary drum" (Figure 25).
• - Figure 27 is a cross section of a structure of the "rotary drum" type, self-supporting with respect to the tensioning forces, structure provided mainly with group tensioning devices by tilting and a heat treatment installation shock incorporated.
• - Figure 28 is a longitudinal section through the above structure (Figure 24).
• - Figure 29 is a cross section through the multi-function demolding installation.

The method which is the subject of the invention uses mobile and self-supporting screens And, for closing the m molds at both ends and for anchoring the reinforcements to (wires or strands), mobile and self-supporting screens of separation Es, devices for setting up in group MP, devices for tensioning in group MT, using which one can either make benches of self-supporting molds Ba, or directly equip certain supporting structures of molds to improve on the one hand the technological processes of setting up, tensioning and relaxation with at the same time the reduction of losses of reinforcements and so as to realize on the other hand new structures carrying molds, equipped with benches of self-supporting molds or ordinary bm mold batteries, structures which pass the molds through an impact heat treatment installation using covers C (FIG. 8), in particular metal, for closing the molds and a fixed chamber F, along the path molds, with intensive heating means, at the end of which a multi-function installation D, unhooks and transfers said covers, produces in a second te mps the release of the products P, in a package, with slow transfer of the prestressing forces to the head screens and then performs the installation of the demolded products, fitted with said screens, in front of a cooling installation R, so that, after the passage of said products through this last installation, they arrive on a discharge chain where the self-supporting screens are recovered and the transfer of the prestressing forces to the concrete is thus carried out by adhesion, the latter having acquired an additional resistance compared to to that existing at demolding.

The Etl head screens (FIGS. 1, 6, 7, 15, 16, 20 and 27), designed for group tensioning of the reinforcements and for enabling them to be cut after demolding, comprise on the one hand two front walls 1, according to the profile of the product to be manufactured and mounted relative to each other at a distance allowing said cutting, walls provided with holes for the passage of said frames and covers 2, (removable or fixed and provided with holes t for cutting frames), and reinforced with vertical ribs 3a, and / or horizontal 3b , in order to make them self-supporting both in relation to the tensioning forces and in relation to the prestressing forces, and on the other hand comprise means 4, for anchoring the reinforcements and means 5, for rapid attachment to the various devices in group tensioning, so that said screens, movable relative to the molds, facilitate the operations of setting up, tensioning and demolding, reduce the losses of reinforcements and can take charge of the prestressing efforts over time wanted after demolding.

The head screens Et2 (FIG. 2), also designed for group tensioning, consist of a single part 6, in particular cast according to the profile of the product to be produced, a part provided with means 4 for anchoring, and hooking means 5, and provided in certain cases with holes and / or cavities t for cutting the reinforcements when this operation is necessary, so that said screens, movable relative to the molds, provide the same functional advantages as Etl screens.

The head screens Et3, (FIGS. 3, 5, 17 and 26), designed for tensioning wire by wire of the reinforcements, include a resistance plate 7, self-supporting both with respect to the stressing forces and with respect to the prestressing efforts, plate provided on the one hand with means 4, for anchoring the reinforcements and a wall 8, according to the profile of the product to be produced, wall which penetrates inside the molds over a length ensuring rapid fixing and watertight and, in some cases, cutting the reinforcements through holes and / or cavities t, and on the other hand provided with means 9, for sloping sliding relative to the ends of the molds and means 10 (FIG. 17) for locking relative to the latter, so that on the other hand, said screens, movable relative to the molds, make it possible, as a function of the slope given to the sliding means, to carry out demolding quite simply by unlocking the means 10, and in such a way that on the other hand said screens facilitate placing in place, ensure the reduction of reinforcement losses, and can take charge of the prestressing efforts, the time required after demolding.

The Et4 head screens (Figures 4, 9, 15 and 23), on the one hand, have the same type of frame for anchoring the frames as the Etl screens, but they have feet 9a, sliding in slope, intimately welded to said frame so that, by equipping said feet, with locking devices 10a, said screens are used for tensioning wire by wire of the reinforcements, ensure automatic demolding and so that by equipping said pieces with traction means 11, in particular by screwing, the screens Et4, can ensure on the one hand the group tensioning of the buttoned wires f and on the other hand the automatic demolding.

The mobile and self-supporting separation screens Es (FIGS. 5 and 20), provided, in certain cases, with temporary fixing means relative to the molds, are constituted in the same way as the head screens, without obviously being provided with means anchoring and hanging.

The devices for placing in a group MP, (FIGS. 5, 19 and 25), comprise two or more arms 12, one of which is fixed 12a, and at least one sliding arm, carrier 12b, arms provided with tilting heads 13, and, for the arms 12b, of means 14, of long rolling molds so that, in the "tight arms" position (at one of the two ends of the molds), the screens are fixed using known means on said heads and the frames are threaded through said screens, blocking them on the screens fixed to the support arm and so that, in the "arms apart" position, the "screen-frames" assembly is tilted in the molds.

The group tensioning devices by bias bias MT1, (FIGS. 6 and 7), comprise sliding axes 15, inside the sleeves 15a, fixed at an angle on the two ends of the self-supporting benches or self-supporting structures, using gussets 16, axes provided on the one hand with sleeves 17, ensuring the adjustable fixing of the means 18, for attaching the head screens, and on the other hand with means 19, ensuring the back and forth movement. comes, so that, by the sliding with spacing relative to the molds, one realizes the tensioning in group of the reinforcements and so that, by their sliding in opposite direction with approximation, one ensures on the one hand the slow relaxation reinforcements with the support of the prestressing forces by the self-supporting screens which thus remain pressed against the ends of the demolded products and on the other hand the demolding of said products is facilitated.

The group tensioning devices by deformable parallelogram MT2 (FIG. 13) include a series of connecting rods 20, provided with hooking means 21, head screens, linked by ordinary articulations 22, to a series of connecting rods 20a , for fixing by articulation at the ends of the structure for taking charge of tensioning forces, and on the other hand for locking means 23, so that the assembly described works as a deformable parallelogram which, in the stretched position, is self-locking and which, by unlocking, ensures the slow relaxation of the armatures, facilitates demolding and frees the head screens which thus remain plated at the ends of the demolded products.

The devices for tensioning by sliding in parallel MT3 (FIGS. 15) include a few sliding doors 24, of high resistance, provided with hooking means 25, and locking means 26, head screens, and some parts. 27, sliding, beams linked by means of one or more rods 28, provided in particular with screwing means 29, to arms 30, fixed at the two ends of the benches or of the self-supporting structures, using removable means 31, so that, by the screwing operation of the rods, the tensioning is carried out in a group and so that, by unscrewing, the prestressing forces are taken over by said self-supporting screens which remain thus plated at the ends of the unmolded products.

The MT4 tilting group tensioning devices (Figures 20, 21, 27 and 28) include arms 32, mounted using pins 33, and two gussets 34, at the two ends of the self-supporting benches or self-supporting structures, arms fitted with beams 35, provided with means 36, for fixing to said arms, means 37, for attaching the head screens and means 38, for blocking said screens, so that, by tightening the arms using in particular tie rods 39, provided with means 40, screwing and means 41, for protection, the reinforcements are slowly and grouped under tension and so that, by loosening, the forces of tensioning in prestressing efforts supported by the same screens which remain pressed against the ends of the demolded products.

In certain cases, the arms can be tilted 32, on the structures for taking charge of the tensioning forces, by means of available sitifs 42, allowing the bias to slide so as to facilitate the release of the products into packages.

The Bal self-supporting benches (FIGS. 6, 7 and 8), designed for the manufacture of products with group tensioning, comprise on the one hand a framework for taking charge of the tensioning forces constituted in particular at using two main resistance beams 43, provided in certain cases with rails 44, for the distribution of the concrete and using a series of transverse beams 45, provided either with plates 46, for fixing the vibrators 47, or of parts 48, facilitating the attachment of the removable compacting means, and on the other hand one or more batteries of ordinary bm molds, mounted head to head by welding, either in a removable manner, so that said benches equipped with devices group tensioning, mobile and self-supporting screens and, in some cases, own rolling means 49, can be used with increased efficiency in "ground", "chain" and "rotary" processes.

The Ba2 self-supporting benches (Figures 17, 18, 19, 25 and 26), designed in particular for the production of linear products with tensioning wire by wire, include on the one hand a series of beams for taking charge tensioning, formed using longitudinal beams 50, on which are welded two by two the side walls of the molds 51, linked in advance by a metal profile 52, beams transversely reinforced by the bottom of the molds 51a, and by beams 53, serving at the same time for fixing the compacting means, and provided with sloping sliding parts 54, so that, by equipping said benches with self-supporting screens, in particular of the Et3 or Et4 type, and in certain in the case of own rolling means 49, they can be used with increased efficiency "on the ground", "in chain" or by "rotation".

The self-supporting benches Ba3, (FIGS. 9 and 10), designed for the manufacture of surface products (slabs, floors, etc.), include a framework 55, for taking charge of the tensioning forces covered with a smooth sheet metal 55a , and equipped in certain cases with own rolling means 49, framework provided with a series of niches 56, having the front walls 56a, sloping so as to be able to receive the head screens Et4, in a position fixed to one ends and in a variable position, depending on the length of the products, at the other end.

Mobile and self-supporting screens, group placement and tensioning devices and self-supporting benches allow, according to the method described, to produce new mold-carrying structures and new shock heat treatment, mold release and cooling which improve the efficiency of the known processes for the manufacture of prestressed concrete products by adherent reinforcements.

Thus, the self-supporting benches, equipped with self-supporting screens and, in some cases, group tensioning devices, can be, in particular for small production units, fixed "to the ground" either head to head or side beside.

The benches can be moved "in chain" either head to head, in particular on rollers, or side by side using own rolling means, or finally by rotation with vertical axis or horizontal axis.

FIG. 8 shows a chain equipped with benches of self-supporting molds provided with own rolling means, benches moving on rails in a manufacturing circuit, in horizontal plane, closed by means of two head ferries 57, so as to pass the molds filled with concrete and closed with covers C, through two adjacent chambers F1, of intensive heating in a tunnel and to present them at the demoulding station d, below an installation Dl, consisting either of an overhead crane, or in particular of a gantry 58, provided with a cantilever beam false 58a, and lifting and hooking means, which performs on the one hand the transfer of the covers between the demoulding station d and the introduction station i in the tunnel, and on the other hand the transfer of the demolded products to said tunnel where cooling r, finishing and evacuation are carried out successively e.

In FIG. 10, a manufacturing circuit of the two-way "multi-purpose chain" type 59 is shown, superimposed in vertical plane, circuit equipped with self-supporting mold banks, in particular of the Ba3 type, and equipped with an installation shock thermal treatment comprising covers C, closing the molds and an intensive heating chamber-tunnel F2, and on the other hand means D2, for transferring said covers between the demoulding station d and the concreting station b, for demolding and transferring the demolded products p above said chamber F2, for cooling, so that by providing the concreting station with a device for introducing tubes 60, through the screens Et4, it is possible to compacting the concrete in two stages, the last of which is done "bench-closed", an operation which allows the extraction of said tubes, by traction combined with a few rotational movements in both directions, without danger of erasing the concrete during the extraction of tubes or after.

In FIGS. 11 and 12, a rotary chain with a vertical axis is shown, equipped on the one hand with self-supporting benches Ba4, in particular for the manufacture of poles for electric lines, and on the other hand provided with a rotary table 61, which passes, by its rotation step by step, said benches fixed on elastic pads 62, and closed with covers C, through towards a circular chamber F3, of intensive heating and presents them at the exit of the latter at the demolding station d, below an installation D3, which, using a rotary gantry with central pivot 63, and on the outside foot 63a, rolling on a circular rail 64, performs on the one hand the transfer of the covers between the stations d and i, and on the other hand the demolding and the transfer of the demolded products between said demolding station and the station cooling r, and between it and the evacuation station e.

FIGS. 13 and 14 show a rotary chain with a horizontal axis, provided with a fixed structure having two head gantries 65, equipped with circular guides 66, and connected on the one hand by the working platforms 67, and on the other hand by the walls 68, of the heating chamber F4, provided with heating means, in particular by infrared radiators 69, (electric or gas) so that the benches of molds Ba, equipped with own rolling means 70, and closed by means of covers C, are moved in a rotary circuit, a circuit which can be combined with demolding and cooling installations of the types described below for the "rotary hall" process.

For the "float chain" process, it is possible to design floating structures, self-supporting with respect to the tensioning forces, formed using in particular floating and resistance tubes 71, stiffened by head walls 72, and by various gussets 73, and provided with buffer 74, so that by equipping said structures with group tensioning devices or self-supporting screens Et4, and with a smooth platform pi, fixed on elastic pads 62 , and in turn equipped with self-supporting screens, they can be worn, according to said method, in a manufacturing circuit by floating or by floating and immersion, in particular for manufacturing of products having a large width and / or length.

Another preferred embodiment example is that of the "rotary hall", improved both with regard to the support structure and with regard to the heat treatment, demolding and cooling installations (FIGS. 19, 20, 21, 22, 23 and 24).

Thus, by using two rings made up of a box of high inertia, using two walls 75, made of thick sheet metal, reinforced by radial gussets 76a, and / or circular 76b, and using an insole 77a , and an outer sole 77b, the latter being able either to be provided with a tread 78, or to serve itself as a tread and, by placing said rings at the two ends of the structure, this can be produced in two variants (FIG. 19), one of which is non-load-bearing having said rings linked by a braced metal frame 79, provided with elastic studs 62, and equipped with self-supporting benches Ba, and the other self-supporting with respect to the forces of tensioning (FIG. 21), having the rings linked by a framework 80, of high resistance, capable of taking charge of the tensioning efforts and of supporting, by means of the elastic pads, the batteries of molds bm, structure equipped with either placing devices in group voltage, in particular of the MT4 type, that is of self-supporting screens of the Et4 type, so that the two types of structures described allow filtration of vibrations of increasingly small amplitudes at the stations which follow concreting, with beneficial effects for rapid hardening and final strength of concrete.

The arrangement of the two rings at the ends of the supporting structure makes it possible to produce a thermal shock installation using a series of metal covers C1, movable relative to the benches, and a chamber F4, of intensive heating, arranged in an arc of a circle between the concreting station b and the demolding station d (the latter, placed at 270 ° relative to the first), chamber provided on the one hand with a wall of heat treatment 81, placed to facilitate sealing between the two rings, wall having the upper part suspended from the roof 83 which, for its part, is placed using rollers 84, on the two rings, chamber equipped on the other hand intensive heating means either by steam 85 or by means of electric or gas infrared radiant heaters.

The metal covers C1, (FIGS. 14, 17, 18, 19 and 21), closing in one piece each bench of molds between the concreting station and the demolding station, consist of a resistance framework on the one hand 86, covered with a smooth sheet 87, and are provided on the other hand with automatic hooking-detaching means 88, on said benches by means of locking pieces 89, so that the transfer of said covers, between the demoulding station d and the concreting station b, is carried out using the demoulding installation D on the one hand, and using a short chain 90, on the other hand, and a rolling beam 91, which releases said chain and descends the covers in the vertical axis of the hall by hanging them on the bench located at the concreting station.

In some cases, the mold banks are closed using several covers C2 (FIGS. 23 and 24), made up of a smaller frame 86a, also covered by a smooth sheet 87, and provided with rollers 92, so that by fixing pieces 93 on the benches, with the head sloping, it is possible to block said covers on the bench filled at the concreting station by pushing them against each other, and so that the release and the return of the covers takes place automatically using an installation, placed in particular in the vertical plane of the hall, comprising a tilting device 94, equipped with a jack 95, linked to a rod with vertical fingers 95a, which, at each stop of the hall, unlocks said covers and deposits them by tilting it over two guide rails 96, mounted on a slope 96a, at the release station and in a loop 96b, between the latter and the concreting station, loop fixed by reinforcements 82a, and provided with oiling 97, and braking 98, so that once said loop filled with covers, these simply descend by gravity, arriving either directly in a laying device 99, above the filled bench, or in some cases at the end of said bench from where they are taken back for installation using ordinary means of handling.

The demoulding installation D4, with multiple functions (FIGS. 14, 19, 21, 24, 25 and 29), comprises on the one hand a framework, in particular tubular 100, provided with two head walls 101, means 102, back and forth, relative to the mold bank located at the demoulding station and rotation means 103, it also comprises means 104, unlocking and 105, for fitting covers C, on the chain of return 90, means 106, for demolding in a package and means 107, for transferring the demolded products, whether or not provided with self-supporting screens in front of the entrance to the various cooling installations and, in certain cases, it also includes means for cleaning and oiling of molds.

The cooling installations R, used in particular for the "rotary hall" and for the "rotary drum", are designed horizontally R1, on a slope R2, or by rotation R3.

The installation Rl (FIGS. 14 and 19), arranged horizontally between the demoulding station d, and that of evacuation e, comprises on the one hand a support floor 108, and an enclosure provided with a ceiling 109, two head walls 110, and some closure membranes 111, and furthermore comprises means for step by step transfer of the demolded products, in particular using channels 112.

The R2 installation (Figures 21, 22 and 23), arranged on a slope inside or outside the "rotating hall", comprises on the one hand a support frame 113, two main walls of thermal insulation 114, two head walls 115, closing membranes 111, and a few sliding beams 116, and on the other hand comprises a device 117, for introducing and pushing cured products at the top and a device 118, for receiving in bottom and transfer of said products to the finishing line.

The installation R3, (FIG. 25), comprises on the one hand an independent support frame 119, provided with a chamber 120, in particular circular, with thermal insulation walls 121, inside which rotates, at the using a device 122, of step-by-step rotation, a cylinder 123, provided with a few removable niches 124, having the outline of the demolded products, products which are thus transferred between the demoulding installation D, and the chain of evacuation e, with progressive cooling.

For the "rotary drum" process, the method according to the invention allows on the one hand either to equip the ordinary rotary structure with self-supporting benches of molds, or to produce a new structure, self-supporting itself with respect to the forces of tensioning, and on the other hand to provide said process with new installations so as to be able to produce fixed or mobile units by land or sea, improving the manufacture of prestressed concrete products.

Figures 27 and 28 show a structure self-supporting rotary, consisting of an axial beam 126, of support and rotation, linked by two head walls 127, and by some radial bracing elements 128, to a series of peripheral beams 129, for taking charge of the forces of tensioning, beams also braced in a circular direction, using the elements 130, and equipped on the one hand either with self-supporting screens Et4, or with tensioning devices in group MT4, and with ordinary mold batteries bm, fitted with self-supporting screens And, and also equipped with a shock thermal treatment installation comprising tilting covers C3, fixed to the structure or to the batteries, a series of intensive heating chambers F5, nested in the within said structure, and a rotating device 131, steam supply, so that said structure constitutes the centerpiece of factory ^to a fixed, movable or floating in the manufacture of prestressed concrete products.

A final example of embodiment is that of a floating plant of the "rotating drum" type (FIGS. 25 and 26), comprising either a self-supporting structure equipped with batteries of ordinary molds, provided with tilting C3 lids, for closure, or a structure non-load-bearing 132, equipped with self-supporting benches also equipped with tilting closing lids, structures mounted using two a-pui and rotation devices 133, in a hull 134, in particular in reinforced concrete, hull provided on the one hand with some consoles 135, for mounting and with two walls 136, for supporting said structures and for transverse reinforcement, shell provided on the other hand with a metal frame having the lower part 137, securely fixed to its walls and the upper part 138, removable or even sliding in the lower part, in order to reduce the height during transport so that by equipping with a from the said plant, a device for setting up an MP group, a concreting installation with a fixed buffer hopper 139, and with a mobile distribution hopper 140, a chamber F6, intensive heating and an installation rotary cooling R3, also demountable for transport, and that on the other hand providing said plant with a series of appendices, including steam boiler, generator, maintenance workshop, laboratory, stores, office , sanitary, etc., we obtain an autonomous floating unit of very high efficiency which allows at the same time to reduce the distance of transport as well for the raw materials (sand and aggregates on site) as for the finished products.

Claims (31)

1. Method for improving the efficiency of the processes for the production of prestressed concrete products by adhesive reinforcement, characterized by the fact: - using mobile and self-supporting screens (And) for closing the molds (m) at both ends and for anchoring the frames (a) (wire or strand); - After tensioning the reinforcements and molding the concrete in the molds, and after hardening, in particular by passing the molds thus filled through a heat treatment installation, the products (b) are removed from the mold in packages, with transfer prestressing efforts at the head screens (And); - that the demolded products, fitted with said head screens, are then passed through a cooling installation (R); - And that after the passage of the products through this cooling installation, the concrete having acquired an additional resistance compared to that existing at the time of demolding, the transfer of the prestressing forces to the concrete is carried out by adhesion, and the freestanding screens (And). 2. Method according to claim 1, characterized in that a reinforcement is carried out in a group (a)., Using head screens and group establishment devices (Mp) and that a group tensioning of these reinforcements is carried out using group tensioning devices (MT), and that, if necessary, mobile and self-supporting separation screens (Es) are provided the end screens (And), according to the desired length for concrete products. 3. Method according to claim 2, character sed by the fact that we use self-supporting mold banks (Ba) equipped with said mobile and self-supporting end screens (And) and possibly separation (Es), and group tensioning devices (MT). 4. Method for improving the efficiency of the processes for the production of prestressed concrete products by adhesive reinforcement, characterized in that mobile and self-supporting screens (Ee) for closing the molds (m) are used at both ends and for anchoring the reinforcements (a) (wire or strand), mobile and self-supporting separation screens (Es), group placement devices (MP), group tensioning devices (MT), with the help of which one can either make self-supporting benches of molds (Ba) or directly equip certain mold-carrying structures so as to improve on the one hand the technological process of setting up, tensioning and stretching with at the same time reduction of armature losses and in order to produce new mold-carrying structures, equipped with self-supporting mold banks or ordinary mold batteries (bm), structures which allow the passage of mussels on a thermal shock treatment installation using covers (C), in particular metallic, for closing the molds and a fixed chamber (F), along the trajectory of the molds, provided with intensive heating means, at the end of which an installation with multiple functions (D) unhooks and transfers the said covers, carries out in the second stage the demolding of the products (p) in packages, with slow transfer of the prestressing forces to the head screens and performs in the third stage the laying of the demolded products, provided with said screens, in front of a cooling installation (R) so that, after the passage of said produced through this last installation, they arrive on a discharge chain where we recover the self-supporting screens and we thus carry out the transfer of the prestressing forces to the concrete by adhesion, the latter having acquired an additional resistance compared to that existing at demolding. 5. Self-supporting screen (And 1) for closing the mold heads and for anchoring the reinforcements, for implementing a method according to claim 1 or 4, characterized in that it comprises, on the one hand, two front walls (1), according to the profile of the product to be manufactured and mounted relative to each other at a distance allowing the cutting of the frames, walls provided with holes for the passage of the frames and covers ( 2) (removable or fixed and provided with holes t for cutting the frames), these walls comprising reinforcements capable of making them self-supporting, in particular with respect to the prestressing forces, said screen comprising, on the other hand, anchoring means (4) armatures and quick attachment means (5) to a group tensioning device, so that this screen movable relative to the mold facilitates the setting up and the mid-e in group tension reinforcements, in particular constituted by buttoned threads (f), ai nsi only demolding, and can take charge of the prestressing efforts after demolding, for the required time. 6. Self-supporting head screen (Et 2) for implementing a method according to claim 1 or 4, characterized in that it is made in one piece (6), in particular cast, according to the profile of the product to be manufactured, part provided with anchoring means (4) and attachment means (5), and possibly provided with holes and / or cavities (t) for cutting the reinforcements. 7. Self-supporting head screen (Et 3) for placing using a method according to claim 1 or 4, characterized in that it comprises a resistance plate (7), self-supporting both with respect to the tensioning forces and with respect to the prestressing forces, plate provided with a portion of means for anchoring the reinforcements and of a wall (8) whose contour corresponds to that of the product to be produced, a wall which can penetrate inside the mold over a length ensuring rapid and tight fixing, and on the other hand provided with sloping sliding means (9) relative to the ends of the mold and locking means (10) relative thereto, so that for the tensioning wire by wire the losses are reduced , group installation is facilitated and automatic demoulding is ensured, the aforementioned plate being able to take charge of the prestressing forces for the required time after the demolding of the various products, this resistance plate (7) being able to include dice and / or cavities (t) for the c open frame. 8. Self-supporting head screen (Et 4) for the implementation of a method according to claim 1 or 4, characterized in that it comprises a framework sufficiently resistant to be self-supporting both with respect to the prestressing forces and by in relation to the tensioning efforts, for anchoring the reinforcements, this framework being provided with at least one foot (9a) for sliding in a slope, this foot being provided, in turn, either with locking means (10 a), or traction and blocking means (11), so that said screen can be used both for group tensioning and for tensioning wire by wire, allowing, in both cases, an automatic demolding and taking charge of prestressing efforts. 9. Group fitting device (MP) of the reinforcements for the implementation of a method according to the Claim 2, characterized in that it comprises at least two arms (12), one of which is fixed (12a) and of which the other (s) (12b) are sliding support arms, these arms (12) being provided with tilting heads (13) and, for the sliding arms (12 b), rolling means (14) along the molds, the assembly being such that, in the "tight arms" position, the self-supporting screens are fixed on said heads (13), and the frames (a) are threaded through said screens, and that, in the "arms apart" position, the "screen-frames" assembly is tilted in the molds. 10. Group tensioning device (MT 1) for implementing the method according to claim 3, characterized in that it comprises sliding pins (15), inside sleeves (15 a ) fixed at an angle on the two ends of a self-supporting bench or of a self-supporting structure, these axes being provided with a part of sleeves (17) allowing an adjustable fixing of the hooking means (18) of the head screens and , on the other hand, means (19) ensuring a back-and-forth movement so that, by sliding obliquely with spacing relative to the mold, the reinforcements are tensioned and that by sliding in opposite direction with approximation, it ensures, on the one hand, the slow relaxation of the reinforcements with the taking charge of the prestressing forces by the self-supporting screens which remain thus pressed at the ends of the demolded products and, on the other hand, an easy demoulding of said products. 11. Group tensioning device (MT 2) for implementing a method according to claim 2 or 3, characterized in that it comprises connecting rods (20) provided with attachment means (21 ) head screens, linked by articulation (22). to other connecting rods (20 a) for articulation fixing at the ends of a structure for taking charge of tensioning, this tensioning device further comprising self-locking means (23) so that the assembly works as a deformable parallelogram which, in the stretched position, ensures the tensioning and which, by unlocking, ensures the slow relaxation of the frames, facilitates demolding and frees the head screens which remain pressed against the ends of the demolded products. 12. Group tensioning device (MT 3) for implementing a method according to claims 2, 3 or 4, characterized in that it comprises at least one sliding beam (24) of high resistance provided with means for hooking (25) and blocking (26) the screens of heads and sliding parts (27), the beam (s) (24) being linked by means of one or more rods (28) , provided in particular with screwing means (29), to arms (30) fixed to the two ends of a self-supporting bench or of a self-supporting structure, using removable means (31), so that by the screwing the rods, the tensioning is carried out and, by unscrewing, the prestressing forces are taken over by the self-supporting screens which thus remain pressed against the ends of the demolded products. 13. Group tensioning device (MT 4) for implementing a method according to claim 2, 3 or 4, characterized in that it comprises tilting arms (32) mounted at the two ends d '' a self-supporting bench or a self-supporting structure, these arms being fitted with beams (35) provided with fixing means (36) to said arms, hooking means (37) for the head screens and blocking means (38 ) of said screens so that, by tightening the arms, in particular using tie rods (39) provided with screwing means (40), the reinforcements are slowly put in tension and that, by loosening, the tensioning efforts in prestressing efforts supported by the screens which are thus pressed at the ends of the demolded products, the aforementioned tilting arms (32) being able to be mounted, if necessary, on devices (42) allowing sliding in bias so as to facilitate demolding. 14. Self-supporting bench (Ba 1) for the implementation of a method according to claim 3 or 4, in particular for the manufacture of products requiring group tensioning, characterized in that it comprises on the one hand a framework for taking charge of the tensioning forces and comprising, where appropriate, rails (44) for the distribution of concrete, and means (45, 46, 48) for fixing vibrators (47) or the '' attachment of removable compacting means, and on the other hand one or more batteries of ordinary molds (bm) mounted head to head, this self-supporting bench equipped with group tensioning devices, mobile and self-supporting screens and , where appropriate, own rolling means (49), which can be used in various manufacturing processes. 15. Self-supporting bench (Ba 2) for the implementation of a method according to claim 3 or 4, in particular for the manufacture of products requiring tensioning wire by wire, characterized in that it comprises, on the one hand, a series of longitudinal members for taking charge of the tensioning forces, in particular formed by means of longitudinal beams (50) on which are fixed, in particular by welding, the side walls of the molds (51) linked to the beforehand by a metal profile (52), these longitudinal members being reinforced transversely by the bottom of the molds (51a) and by beams (53) also serving for fixing compacting means, and that, on the other hand, the bench freestanding has sloping sliding parts (54) intended to cooperate with complementary oblique surfaces provided on the self-supporting screens (in particular of the Et 3 or Et 4 type), this self-supporting bench being able to be equipped with own rolling means (49). 16. Self-supporting bench (Ba 3) for the implementation of a method according to claim 3 or 4, in particular for the manufacture of surface products such as slabs, floors, panels ... characterized in that it comprises a frame (55) for taking charge of the tensioning forces, covered with a smooth sheet (55a) and possibly equipped with own rolling means (49), this frame being provided with a series of niches (56 ) having front walls (56 a) sloping so as to be able to receive head screens (Et 4) comprising complementary inclined surfaces, in a fixed position at one end of this bench and in a variable position, according to the length of the products, at the other end. 17. Production line for prestressed concrete products, for the implementation of a method according to claim 3 or 4, characterized in that it is equipped on the one hand with self-supporting mold banks and that it is on the other hand provided with a closed production circuit in horizontal plane using two overhead ferries (57), so as to pass the benches filled with concrete and closed with lids, in particular metallic (C) , through two adjacent chambers (F1), of intensive heating in a tunnel and so as to present them at the demolding station (d) below an installation (Dl), consisting either of an overhead crane, or in particular of '' a gantry (58), equipped with a cantilever beam (58a), and lifting and hooking means, which performs on the one hand the transfer of the covers between the demoulding station (d) and the introduction station (i) in the tunnel, and on the other hand the transfer of the demolded products to said tunnel where successively performs cooling (r), finishing and evacuation (e). 18. Manufacturing line using a circuit of the "multipurpose chain" type, for the implementation of a method according to claim 3 or 4, characterized in that it is equipped with self-supporting benches (in particular of the Ba3 type), and provided on the one hand with an impact heat treatment installation, comprising covers (C), for closing the molds and an intensive heating chamber-tunnel (F2), and on the other hand with means (D2) for transfer of said covers between the demoulding station (d) and the concreting station (b), demolding and transfer of the demolded products above the slow cooling tunnel, so that by providing the concreting station with a device for introducing the tubes (60), through the screens (Et4), the concrete can be compacted in two stages, the first of which is "bench-closed", an operation which allows the extraction of said tubes , by traction combined with a few rotational movements in both directions, without danger of erasure concrete during or after tube extraction. 19. Rotary chain in horizontal plane, for the implementation of a method according to claim 3 or 4, characterized in that it is equipped on the one hand with self-supporting benches (Ba4), in particular for the manufacture of posts for power lines, and also provided with a rotary table (61), which passes, by its rotation step by step, said benches fixed on elastic studs and closed with covers (C), through a circular chamber (F3), of intensive heating and presents them at the exit of this one at the demoulding station, below an installation (D3), which, using a rotary gantry with central pivot (63), and on an external foot (63a), rolling on a circular rail, performs on the one hand the transfer of the necks loops between the stations (d) and (i) and on the other hand the demolding and the transfer of the demolded products between said demolding station and the cooling station (r), and between the latter and the evacuation station ( e). 20. Rotary chain in vertical plane for the implementation of a method according to any one of claims 2 to 4, characterized in that it is provided with a fixed structure having two head gantries (65), equipped with circular guides (66), and linked on the one hand by the working platforms (67), and on the other hand by the walls (68), of the heating chamber (F4), provided with means of heating, in particular by infrared radiant heaters (69), so that the mold banks (Ba), fitted with own rolling means (70), and closed with covers (C), are moved in a rotary circuit, circuit which can be combined with demolding and cooling installations. 21. Floating structures that can be fitted to a "float chain", for the implementation of a method according to any one of claims 1 to 4, characterized in that they are self-supporting, under tensioning forces, using a few high-resistance tubes (71), stiffened by head walls (72), and by various gussets (73), and provided with buffers so that by equipping said structures with tensioning devices group or screens self ^p ortants (Et4), and a smooth platform (pl) fixed on elastic studs (62) and equipped in turn self-supporting screens for tensioning group, they can be worn in a product manufacturing circuit having a large width and / or length. 22. Plant of the "rotary hall" type for implementing a method according to any one of claims 1 to 4, characterized in that it has the two rings arranged at the ends of the hall so to be able to be provided on the one hand with new load-bearing structures and on the other hand with more efficient heat treatment, demolding and cooling installations. 23. Rotary structure according to claim 21, characterized in that the two rings, arranged at the ends, are constituted by a box of high inertia, by means of two walls (75), made of thick sheet metal, reinforced by radial gussets (76a) and / or circular (76b), and using an inner sole (77a), and an outer sole (77b), the latter being able to be provided with a tread (78), either serve itself as a tread so that, by linking these two rings by a metal frame (79), lighter, one obtains a rotary structure which is not load-bearing with respect to the tensioning forces, structure carrying benches of self-supporting molds, and so that, by linking said rings by a framework (80), of high resistance and by providing them with group tensioning devices (in particular of the MT4 type), are self-supporting tensioning screens wire by wire (Et4), we obtain a self-supporting structure, carrier structure e of ordinary mold batteries, so that the two types of structures described allow filtration of vibrations of increasingly small amplitudes at the stations which follow concreting, with beneficial effects for the rapid hardening and the final strength of the concrete . 24. Installation for thermal shock treatment, for implementing the method according to any one of claims 1 to 4 or for a production line according to claim 18 or 19, characterized in that it uses a series of covers metallic (CI), closing in one piece each bench of molds between the concreting station and the demoulding station, covers made up on the one hand of a resistance framework (86), covered with a smooth sheet (87) , and endowed on the other hand, automatic hooking and unhooking means (88), on said benches by means of a few locking pieces (89), so that the transfer of said covers, between the demolding station and the concreting station , is carried out using on the one hand the demolding installation (D), using on the other hand a short chain (90), and a rolling beam (91), which releases said chain and lowers the covers in the vertical axis of the hall by hanging them on the bench located at the concreting station. 25. Installation for shock thermal treatment, for implementing the method according to any one of claims 1 to 4 or for a production line according to claim 18 or 19, characterized in that it comprises on the one hand a fixed interior heating chamber and several mobile chambers (F5), nested in the rotary structure itself towards the outside, in a solution which simultaneously ensures the closure of the plant, and by the fact that '' it also uses a few covers (C2), of a smaller size, each provided with four rollers (92), locking and rolling so that by fixing on the benches some pieces (43), with with the head sloping, it is possible to block said covers on the bench filled at the concreting station by pushing them against each other, and so that the release and return of the covers is carried out automatically using an installation, placed in particular in the vertical plane of the hall, comprising a tilting device (94), equipped with a jack (95), linked to a rod with vertical fingers (95a), which, at each stop of the hall, unlocks said covers and deposits them by its tilting on two guide rails (96), mounted on a slope (96a), at the release station and in a loop (96b), between the latter and the concreting station, loop fixed by a few reinforcements (82a), and provided with oiling means (97), and braking (98), so that once said loop filled with covers, these simply descend by gravity, arriving either directly in a laying device (99), above the filled bench , or in some cases at the end of said bench from where they are taken up for installation using ordinary handling means. 26. demolding installation (D4), with multiple functions, for implementing the method according to any one of claims 1 to 4 or for a production line according to claim 18 or 19, characterized in that it comprises on the one hand, a framework, in particular tubular (100), provided with two head walls (101), means (102), of reciprocating movement, relative to the mold bank located at the demolding station and rotation means (103), and by the fact that it also comprises means (104), for unlocking and (105), for fitting covers (C1), on the return chain (90) , means (106) for demolding in packages and means (107) for transferring the demolded products, whether or not provided with self-supporting screens in front of the entrance to the various cooling installations. 27. Cooling installation (R1), for implementing the method according to any one of claims 1 to 4 or for a production line according to claim 18 or 19, characterized in that it is arranged at the horizontal between the demoulding station (d) and the discharge chain (e) on a clean floor, being provided with passage means (112), products demoulded in packages and step by step and, in some cases, walls and closure membranes. 28. Cooling installations (R2), for implementing the method according to any one of claims 1 to 4 or for a production line according to claim 18 or 19, characterized in that it is arranged in a slope, either inside or outside the rotary hall, being provided with an introduction and pushing device at the top (117), a few support and sliding beams (116), a few guide beams (116a), means receiving and evacuating bottom (118), and in some cases of closing walls and membranes. 29. Self-supporting structure for the "rotary drum" process for implementing the method according to any one of claims 1 to 4 or for a production line according to claim 18 or 19, characterized in that it is consisting of an axial beam (126), of support and rotation, linked by two head walls (127), and by some radial bracing elements (128), to a series of peripheral beams (129), of grip in charge of tensioning forces, beams also braced in the circular direction, using the elements (130), and equipped on the one hand either with self-supporting screens (Et4), or with tensioning devices in group (MT4), and batteries of ordinary molds (bm). endowed with self-supporting screens (And), and equipped on the other hand with a shock thermal treatment installation comprising tilting covers (C3), fixed to the structure or batteries, a series of intensive heating chambers (F5), nestled inside said structure, and a rotary device (131), for supplying steam, so that said structure constitutes the centerpiece of a fixed, mobile or floating factory for the manufacture of prestressed concrete products. 30. Rotary cooling installation (R3) for implementing the method according to any one of claims 1 to 4 or for a production line according to claim 18 or 19, characterized in that it comprises on the one hand an independent support frame (119), provided with a chamber (120), in particular circular, with thermal insulation walls (121), the interior of which rotates, by means of a device (122), of rotation step by step, a cylinder (123), provided with a few removable niches (124), having the outline of the demolded products, products which are thus transferred between the demolding installation (D), and the evacuation chain (e), with progressive cooling. 31. Floating plant of the "rotary drum" type, for half-implementation of the method according to any one of claims 1 to 4 or for production line according to claim 18 or 19, characterized in that it comprises either a self-supporting structure equipped with batteries of molds (bm) equipped with self-supporting screens (Et), and closing covers of the tilting type (B3), or a non-supporting structure equipped with benches of self-supporting molds (Ba), provided with, also, of tilting covers for closing the concrete, structures mounted using two support and rotation devices (133), in a shell (134), in particular in reinforced concrete, shell provided on the one hand with a few mounting brackets (135), and two walls (136), for supporting structures and transverse reinforcement, shell provided on the one hand with a metal frame having the lower part (137), firmly fixed to its walls and the upper part (138), removable or sliding to reduce the high ur during transport, so that by equipping on the one hand said plant with group placement devices (MP), a concreting installation with fixed buffer hopper and mobile distribution hopper, with a chamber (F6), of intensive heating, in particular with steam, and of a rotary cooling installation (R3), which can also be dismantled for transport, and so that, on the other hand, providing said factory with a series including steam boiler, generator, maintenance workshop, laboratory, stores, office, sanitary, etc., we obtain a self floating unit a very high yield standard which at the same time reduces the transport distance for both raw materials (sands and aggregates on site) and for finished products.

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