EP0057168B1 - Assembling elements for provisional stairways - Google Patents

Abstract

Elements to be assembled to form in situ a temporary stair, from a pair of planks (1,1') or longitudinally sawn boards, or identical cross-section, intended for serving as stringers and which elements consist of steps (2), identical with one another, the steps being self-locking one by means of another onto and against the planks (1,1'), with the exception of the top step which has to be wedged against these planks (1,1'); each step (2) rests, at each side at the front, on the upper edge of a plank and, at the rear, is brought against the lower edge of the plank by a pair of flats (14,14') terminating in a hook (16) and mounted freely pivotal in the step placed next above.

Description

The present invention relates to elements to be assembled to make in situ a temporary staircase, for example a staircase as used on building construction sites to reach the first floor when the walls of the ground floor are finished.

We know that on construction sites this type of temporary staircase is currently carried out on site from two large planks, split wood, between which we nail formwork boards, sawn to the desired dimensions, to make the steps and the 'we possibly border this staircase with a railing, side railing either on one or on both sides, by means of beams and planks.

A staircase thus produced can, of course, be solid; it nevertheless presents a certain number of drawbacks and dangers; in rainy weather, the surface of the steps becomes slippery, often made of recycled wood; the steps no longer always have the desired resistance and are sometimes partially split.

On the other hand, after use and at least at the end of the site, these temporary staircases are completely destroyed and only the planks are sometimes recovered.

Stairs are also known where the steps are assembled by hanging on the stringers or on the upper steps (patent DE-C / No 251967). The object of the present invention is to propose elements to be assembled, offering all the guarantees of solidity, steps provided with a non-slip surface, elements of a particularly simple and rapid assembly.

These elements to be assembled to make a temporary staircase in situ, from a pair of planks or split wood, of identical size, intended to serve as stringer consisting of steps identical to each other, are characterized by self-locking steps, one thanks to the other, on and against the planks, with the exception of the first which it is necessary to wedge against the planks, steps each composed of at least two tubes on two of which comes take a ribbed sheet, forming the non-slip surface of the tread proper, tubes held, at each of their ends, of reduced diameter, by a dish provided with openings in which these ends of reduced diameter of the tubes are slid, thus forming flat flanges, tubes of which two spaced apart by at least a distance substantially greater than the thickness of the planks are extended by a nozzle of a length substantially greater than the thickness of a plank, nozzles held and fixed to the tubes that it s extend on each side and nozzles on which either are slid first a spacer whose length is just slightly greater than the thickness of the planks and then a first simple washer, then a special washer, or either nozzles to which is attached a second complementary external dish forming a flange; and in addition on each of the two front nozzles, of each step, on which is also mounted in free pivoting, by one end, a finished dish, at the other end by a hook part intended to take on the step's nozzle placed just below, in such a way that each step on each side poses at the front by a nozzle and / or the spacer glided over it on the upper edge of a plank and at the rear to the other nozzle and / or the spacer slid over it brought back, against the lower edge of this said plank, by the dish ending with a hook of the step placed above, with the exception of the first step from the top, including the spine rear and / or the spacer slid on it is to be held against the lower edge of said log, otherwise clamped between the flange and the two single washers or the complementary outer flange.

Preferably, the provisional staircase according to the invention is provided with other elements to be assembled, railing uprights on which it is possible to provide for making, by means of simple boards, the railing proper or handrail, or even fix elements to be assembled on these uprights, forming a handrail for the staircase.

• à la fig. 1, une vue générale schématique d'un escalier provisoire conforme à l'invention selon une forme possible de réalisation;
• à la fig. 2, une vue partielle agrandie en détaché, des pièces formant les marches selon la fig. 1;
• à la fig. 3, une vue agrandie de l'élément complet à assembler selon une forme de réalisation des marches;
• à lafig. 4, une vue identique à la fig. 3 d'une autre forme de réalisation des marches;
• à la fig. 5, une vue partielle en perspective de l'élément à assembler complémentaire, un montant de garde-corps;
• à la fig. 6, une vue partielle en coupe transversale en arraché partiel du montant montré à la fig. 5, glissé sur un élément formant marche;
• à la fig. 7, une vue partielle de côté d'un escalier provisoire comportant un montant de garde-corps;
• à la fig. 8, une vue agrandie du montant de garde-corps à hauteur de planche formant main courante;
• à la fig. 9, une vue agrandie partielle, coupe médiane horizontale dans une partie des pièces formant une marche, selon la fig. 1;
• à la fig. 10, une vue latérale de profil dans une marche d'appui accrochée à une marche suivante.

In order to better understand the invention, it is now described with reference to an attached drawing, which shows by way of example:

• in fig. 1, a general schematic view of a temporary staircase according to the invention according to a possible embodiment;
• in fig. 2, a partial enlarged detached view, of the parts forming the steps according to FIG. 1;
• in fig. 3, an enlarged view of the complete element to be assembled according to an embodiment of the steps;
• to lafig. 4, a view identical to FIG. 3 of another embodiment of the steps;
• in fig. 5, a partial perspective view of the complementary element to be assembled, an amount of railing;
• in fig. 6, a partial cross-sectional view in partial cutaway of the upright shown in FIG. 5, slipped on a step element;
• in fig. 7, a partial side view of a temporary staircase with a railing upright;
• in fig. 8, an enlarged view of the railing upright at board height forming a handrail;
• in fig. 9, a partial enlarged view, horizontal median section in a part of the parts forming a step, according to FIG. 1;
• in fig. 10, a side view in profile in a support step attached to a next step.

In fig. 1 there is shown a pair of planks (1, 1 '), split wood, identical overall size, which are particularly common in construction, and which have a similar thickness and width, but which can be used couples of different length; on these planks are placed steps (2) formed (fig. 2) by tubes (3, 3a, 3b) held between two flanges (4,4 '); on two tubes (3, 3a), a striped plate (5), with a non-slip surface, forms the step itself; this plate (5) has two perpendicular returns (5 ', 5 ") ensuring its attachment to the tubes (3, 3a).

It is in order to limit the depth of the plates (steps) (5), that three tubes are provided, but one could only provide two; however, as it is necessary to provide a certain distance (approximately 35 cm) between the two end tubes (3, 3b) to obtain the horizontality of the plates (5), i.e. steps, the solution of three tubes (3, 3a, 3b) is preferable, this also makes it possible to hang a support step.

The two end tubes (3, 3b) are each extended, on both sides, by a support nozzle (6,6 ', 6a, 6'a). On these nozzles (6,6 ', 6a, 6'a) which are partially inserted and held in the tubes (3, 3b), are slid, on the one hand, spacers (7, 7', 7a, 7 ' a) whose length is just slightly greater than the thickness of the planks (1, 1 ') and, secondly, then, on the end (8, 8', 8a, 8'a) of a diameter smaller outer nozzles (6, 6 ', 6a, 6'a), simple washers (9, 9', 9a, 9'a) with corresponding opening, and finally also another special washer, also with opening corresponding, bowl-shaped with a wide, slightly inclined edge (10, 10 ', 10a, 10'a). Preferably, both the edges of the two ends (11, 11a, 11b, 11 ', 11'a, 11'b) of reduced outer diameter of the tubes (3, 3a, 3b) as those of the ends (8, 8 ', 8a, 8'a) of the nozzles (6, 6', 6a, 6'a), are, on the one hand, for the tubes, after placement of the flanges (4, 4 '), and for the nozzles, after placing the spacers (7, 7 ', 7a, 7'a) of the simple (9, 9', 9a, 9'a) and special washers (10, 10 ', 10a, 10'a), on the other hand , brought outwards using the rolling technique (see fig. 9).

As shown in fig. 2 and 3, the pair of inner flanges (4, 4 ') has three openings (12, 12a, 12b) allowing the ends (11, 11 a, 11 b) of reduced outer diameter of the tubes (3, 3') to pass through, 3 "), whereas if a pair of external flanges (13, 13 '; fig. 4) is provided, these will only have two openings (not visible as such) for the passage of the rivets or other means, holding the nozzles or the only tubes (3, 3b) which are extended.

Each of the two front nozzles (6, 6a) holds a flat (14, 14 ') slipped, by an opening (15, 15'), located at one end of these dishes on these so-called nozzles (6, 6a), these dishes (14, 14 ') ending at the other end in the form of a hook (16,16').

As shown in fig. 1, these hooks (16, 16 ') of a step (2) are intended to take on the rear nozzle (6', 6'a) of the bottom step and the length of the dishes (14,14 ') will therefore necessarily greater than the width of the planks (1.1 ').

As shown in fig. 1, the steps (2) enclose on either side a plank (1 or 1 ') between, respectively, the inner flange (4 or 4') and the simple washers (9, 9a) or (9 ', 9 'at). The spacers (7, 7a) of the front nozzles (6, 6a) of the steps (2) are supported on the planks, respectively (1, 1 '), and the spacers (7', 7'a) of the rear nozzles ( 6 ', 6'a) are brought against these planks (1.1').

In the case where there are provided elements to be assembled forming steps according to the embodiment fig. 4, that is to say comprising external flanges (13, 13 '), it is necessary to plan to thread all the steps from the first to the last on the planks (1, 1'), these being sandwiched between the two inner (4, 4 ') and outer (13, 13') flanges, which makes this embodiment less interesting.

We can be satisfied with a temporary staircase simply composed of a pair of stringers and steps or on the contrary, provided with one or two railings, that is to say on one or both sides of the temporary staircase.

This body guard on a lateral side generally identical to that on the other lateral side of the temporary staircase can be made in the usual way to what is currently done on building construction sites, that is to say -to say by means of wooden elements, beams nailed to the planks (1,1 ') forming the vertical uprights and boards then fixed to these uprights forming the handrail.

Preferably, however, complementary elements to be assembled are used, railing uprights (17) (FIGS. 5 to 8), elements formed by a straight hollow profile, for example as shown, rectangular, provided on the side (17a ) intended to rest against a log (1) at its lower end, with a cutout (18) longitudinal upwards, allowing the lower part of its side (17a) of the upright (17) to form a jumper on the special washer (1 O'a) of the rear nozzle (6'a) of a step, while the washer (9'à) comes against the inner face of the side (17a) of the upright (17), and at height determined, a teardrop-shaped opening (19), the enlarged spherical lower part (20) of which is at least of a diameter large enough to allow the special washer (10a) of the upper step to enter, while the narrowed right part (21) of this opening (19) has a width less than the large diameter of the special washer (10a), but greater re to that of its small diameter, so that this special washer (10a), slipped on the front nozzle (6a), having passed through the opening (19) at its widened part (20) by lowering the upright ( 17), its side (17a), will form a jumper on the special washer (10a) and the side (17) will be held between, at the same time, by the simple washer (9a) and special (10a) of an upper step , and the simple (9'a) and special (10'a) washer of a lower step.

At the upper part of the upright (17), there is provided a means of fixing a board (22) forming the railing or handrail; this means can be a simple hole right through through the upright (17) allowing for example the passage of a rope intended to hold the boards forming the railing; but preferably, as shown in figs. 5 and 8, a means is provided to grip and hold the board (22) at the upper part of the inner side (17a) of the upright (17); this means consists of two half-coils (23, 23a), cylinders with bulged head, the lower (23) fixed, the other, the upper (23a) mobile, in a vertical eyelet (24) of the upright and upper coil (23a) capable of 'be blocked (for example a wing nut not shown) in this eyelet (24) after being brought back (arrow 24') on the edge of the board (22).

Preferably, in order to perfectly maintain the first upper head step (2), that is to say to block its rear nozzle or the spacer slid over it, provision is made to hang on it (fig. 10), a step d 'support (25), these two steps (2 and 25) forming a landing step; the support step (25) being simply constituted by a non-slip plate (26), of the same width as the plates (5) forming the steps (2); plate (26) fixed on two flanges (27) arranged in a hook, that is to say it comprises a groove (28) horizontal allowing the support step (25) to be hooked by this groove (28) to the rear tube (3b) free from the head step (2). To give sufficient rigidity to the support step (25), the hook flanges (27) are formed by angles whose horizontal side (27 ') is substantially longer than the vertical side (27 ") having the groove ( 28); however, the plate (26) has at the front, over a certain depth and over its entire width, a free tongue (26 ') which can be applied to the plate (5) of the step (2) Furthermore, the vertical sides (27 ") of the flanges also not extending rearward over the entire depth, the step (25) can also rest against the floor of the floor (not shown) which will join the staircase, so that the landing step, that is to say the upper step (2) and the supporting step (25) attached to it, rests on the floor of this floor and in fact they are pulled up.

If a supporting step (25) is more particularly provided for the leading step, in order to maintain the latter and form a landing step, provision may also be made to hang a supporting step (25) identical to that shown, or shallower depth, at each of the other steps of the staircase.

Claims (7)

1. Assembly parts for making a temporary staircase in situ starting from a pair of boards or planks (1,1'), of identical dimensions, intended as stringers, consisting of steps identical one to the other, characterized by steps (2) automatically locking one another, on and against the planks (1, 1'), with the exception of the first, which needs to be adjusted against the planks, steps (2) of which each consists of at least two tubes (3, 3a, 3b) over two of which a plate (5) is affixed of chequered sheet metal, forming the non-slip surface of the step properly called so, tubes (3, 3a, 3b) held at each of their ends, which are of reduced diameter (11, 11 a, 11 b, 11', 11'a, 11'b), by a flat bar (4, 4') provided with holes (12, 12a, 12b, 12', 12'a, 12'b), into which these reduced-diameter tube ends (3, 3a, 3b) are inserted, flat bars (4, 4') thus forming supports, tubes (3, 3b) of which two are spaced apart by a distance at least appreciably greater than the width of the planks (1, 1'), are extended by a bush (6,6', 6a, 6'a) of length at least greater than the thickness of one plank, bushes (6, 6', 6a, 6'a) held on and attached to the tubes (3, 3b) which they extend on each side, and bushes which either first have a brace (7, 7', 7a, 7'a) slipped on to them of which the length is just slightly greater than the thickness of the planks and subsequently a first simple disc (9,9',9a, 9'a), then a special disc (10, 10', 10a, 10'a), or bushes (6, 6', 6a, 6'a) to which is attached a second flat supplementary external bar (13, 13') forming a support and on each of the two front bushes (6, 6a) of each step, on which is also fitted, pivoting freely on one end, a flat bar (14, 14') terminating at one end in a catch (16, 16') intended to attach to the bush (6', 6'a) on the step just underneath, in such manner that each step (2) on each side rests, in the front, by means of a bush (6, 6a) and/or brace (7, 7a) slipped on to it, on the upper edge of a plank (1,1') and at the back upon the other bush (6', 6'a) and/or brace (7', 7'a) slipped on to it, held against the lower edge of the said plank (1,1') by the flat bar (14, 14') terminating in a catch (16, 16') of the step above, except for the first step from the top of which the rear bush (6', 6'a) and/or the brace (7', 7'a) slipped on to it is to be held against the lower edge of the said plank, moreover enclosed between the support (4,4') and the two simple discs (9, 9', 9a, 9'a) or the additional support (13, 13').

2. Parts to be assembled in accordance with claim 1, characterized by the fact that each of the steps (2) consists of three tubes (3, 3a, 3b) of which the first two (3, 3a) are used to hold the sheet metal (5), the latter having two perpendicular downward folds (5', 5") and tubes, of which the first (3) and last (3b) are extended on each side by bushes (6,6', 6a, 6'a) slipped into and held in such tubes (3, 3b).

3. Parts to be assembled in accordance with any one of the claims 1 or 2, characterized by the fact that both the edges of the end having the reduced diameter (11, 11 a, 11 b, 11', 11'a, 11'b) of the tubes (3, 3a, 3b), and the edges of the ends having reduced diameter (8, 8', 8a, 8'a) of the bushes (6, 6', 6a, 6'a) are taken towards the outside on the one hand, for the tubes (3, 3a, 3b), after positioning of the supports (4, 4'), and for the bushes (6, 6', 6a, 6'a) after positioning the catches (16,16') of the braces (7, 7', 7a, 7'a) of the simple discs (9, 9', 9a, 9'a) and of the special discs (10, 10', 10a, 10'a) shaped like a pan with slightly inclined wide edge.

4. Parts to be assembled in accordance with claim 3, characterized by the fact that, apart from the step (2), they include hand-rail uprights (17), each of such uprights taking the form of a straight hollow section provided on the (17a) side, and intended to rest against a plank (1,1'), on the one hand, at the lower end, with a longitudinal indentation (18) pointing upwards, enabling side (17a) of the upright (17) to form a fork over the special discs (10',10'a) of the rear bushes (6', 6'a) of the steps (2), while the simple discs (9', 9'a) of these same bushes go against the inside face of the side (17a) of the upright (17), and on the other hand, at a given height, of an aperture (19) in the form of a drop of water of which the wider lower spherical part (20) is of a diameter at least sufficiently great to receive the special discs (10, 10a) of the front bushes (6, 6a) of the upper step (2), while the narrow part (21 ) of the aperture (19) has a width smaller than the outside diameter of the special discs (10, 10a) but greater than the small diameter of such said special discs (10, 1 Oa), in such manner that, after having pressed the upright (17) down, its side (17a) likewise makes a fork over the special discs (10, 10a) of the front bushes (6, 6'a) of the upper step (2).

5. Parts to be assembled in accordance with claim 4, characterized by the fact that each of the uprights (17), atthetop on the side (17a), has two half-bobbins (23, 23a), cylinders with enlarged heads, of which one, the lower (23) is fixed, and the other, the upper (23a) is movable in a vertical slot (24) provided on the side (17a) of the upright and half-bobbin (23a) capable of being locked in such slot, after it has been brought against the edge of a board (22) enclosed between the two half-bobbins (23, 23a).

6. Parts to be assembled in accordance with any one of the claims 1 to 5, characterized by the fact that a support step (25) is additionally attached to the upper to step (2), steps together forming the landing step (2 and 25), support step (25) simply made up of a non-slip plate (26) of the same width as plates (5), plate (26) fixed on two supports (27) arranged in the form of a hook, that is, having a horizontal groove (28) catching the support step (25) by such groove (28) on the rear free tube (3b) of the top step (2) and support (27) not extending over the whole depth of the plate (26) of the step (25), leaving a small tongue (26') free to rest on the plate (5) of the top step (2).

7. Parts to be assembled in accordance with claim 6, characterized by the fact that a support step (25) is attached to one or several steps (2) other than the top upper step.

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