EP0054167A2 - Apparatus for manufacturing a concrete panel - Google Patents

Abstract

1. Apparatus for the manufacture of concrete panels (1) having a fixed concreting station, pallets (2) movable through the concreting station, front and back and side stops (3) provided at the concreting station that can be placed on a pallet that has been moved into the concreting station to make up a-composite frame, and then taken away again, and having pushing devices (6) to which the side stops are fixed, characterised by the combination of the following features : a) the front and back stops are also fixed to pushing devices (6), b) the stops (3) are movable by the pushing devices (6) in the horizontal direction at right angles to their framing surfaces (31), c) each pushing device (6) is arranged on a slide or carriage (51 to 54) and can be moved by this parallel to the framing surface (31) of the stop (3) that it serves to move, d) the stops (3) are movable in succession on the pallet (2) in such a way that one end face (32) of each stop abuts against the framing face (31) of another stop.

Description

The invention relates to a method for producing a concrete slab, in which shelves are placed on a pallet to delimit the concrete slab, between the concrete shelves and, if necessary, reinforcements are placed, the concrete on the pallet is then shaken and compacted and then cured, and a Device for this.

Pre-fabricated parts are used on a large scale in newer construction technology. Such concrete parts can be completely prefabricated, but so-called element panels are also known, which are still filled with concrete in the building and thus practically constitute formwork. Such element panels are used in particular for the production of building ceilings.

Such prefabricated concrete slabs and in particular element slabs are manufactured in that on a pallet so-called stops are attached to the boundary surfaces of the concrete slab. These form the limits for the liquid concrete mass. The smoothed concrete mass poured onto the pallet is compacted by shaking and then hardened. So that the stands keep their position when shaken, they are firmly arranged on the pallet. Various methods are used for this. For example, in the case of rectangular concrete slabs, two of the shelves can be welded, while the other shelves are fixed after adjustment. Other options are attachments using magnets or swiveling arms. Reinforcement is then placed on the pallets in the space between the shelves, if this is necessary according to the construction of the respective concrete slab. The concrete is then poured in.

After filling and compacting the concrete by shaking, the concrete must harden. This usually happens at normal air temperatures. A large number of pallets and a large space are then required for production. Another option is to guide the pallets filled with concrete through a hardening tunnel, in which hardening is accelerated.

In the known methods, the side shelves remain on the pallets during curing, which means that a number of shelves corresponding to the number of sides of the concrete slab must be provided for each individual pallet. This also means that a relatively large amount of manual work is required, the shutdowns to assemble, adjust and remove. The shelves cannot simply remain on the pallet after the finished concrete slab has been excavated, since the pallet must be cleaned after the concrete slab has been excavated. The shutdowns would interfere with the cleaning process.

The invention has for its object to provide a method for the production of concrete slabs, in which the assembly and removal of stops is saved and the number of necessary stops is reduced.

This object is achieved with a method described at the outset, which is designed according to the invention in the manner specified in the characterizing part of patent claim 1.

Further advantageous refinements of the method according to the invention and preferred devices for carrying them out result from the subclaims.

The invention takes advantage of the fact that after shaking and compacting the concrete, the concrete mass on the pallet is so stiff that the shutdowns can be removed without the concrete mass threatening to diverge. The stops can therefore be removed after the concrete applied to the pallet has been compacted and used to produce the next concrete slab.

In order to avoid having to adjust and fasten the shelves by hand, it is provided that the shelves are fastened to pushing devices and brought into the intended position by means of these pushing devices. To make a concrete slab consequently moved a pallet with a corresponding transport device, for example with a roller conveyor, into a loading position. The racks are then moved onto the pallet using pushing devices. The concrete mass is then poured between the shelves, the pallet is shaken and the concrete is thereby compacted. During the shaking process, the shelves are on the pallet. They are then pulled back again with the pushing devices and the pallet can be moved out of the loading position on the transport device and brought into the curing station. After the concrete has hardened, the slab is simply removed from this pallet, the pallet can be easily cleaned without the need for special assembly measures to remove deposits.

The shelves are preferably moved one after the other onto the pallet in such a way that each shelf abuts with one long side against an end face of another shelf. With this means it is possible to produce concrete slabs of different sizes without having to replace the shelves. The part of a shelf that is not used to delimit the concrete slab extends beyond the delimitation of the concrete slab and, depending on the size of the pallet used, also beyond the edge of the pallet.

In order to produce concrete slabs of any size, it is provided that the pushing devices with the racks located on them are mounted on trolleys or sledges, these trolleys or sledges being movable against one another.

In order to enable the latter arrangement to enable the pallet to be brought into the loading position undisturbed by the rails or the carriages or sleds on them, the transport device is in a position which is below the loading position of the pallet. The pallet is thus moved under the shelves to this lower position, then lifted into the loading position with a lifting device. It can be provided that in this position its top is already in contact with the stops, but it can also be provided that the stops themselves are additionally lowered. After shaking and compacting the concrete, the pallet is lowered again and moved out again under the shelves.

In most cases, concrete slabs must be provided with reinforcements that protrude beyond the actual concrete slab. If these reinforcements are not to protrude from the top of such a concrete slab, but rather, for example, from the middle of a narrow side, then supports are used in a further development of the invention which are in two or more parts. In this case, the shutdowns consist of individual bars that are arranged one above the other. The bottom beam is first moved onto the pallet, then the reinforcement is inserted so that the protruding ends of the reinforcement rest on the bottom beam. Then an upper bar is placed on the protruding ends of the reinforcements. In order to ensure in this type of production that no concrete can flow out between the individual beams of such a stand, it can be provided that the individual beams have recesses at the corresponding locations, into which insert the individual ends of the reinforcement. The stops then tightly enclose the reinforcement and concrete cannot flow out.

Since it is necessary in this procedure that the longitudinal iron spacing of the reinforcements must be kept constant, it is proposed according to a further development of the invention, the beams of such a multi-part parking on those surfaces where these beams come into contact with the protruding ends of the reinforcement to provide an elastically deformable layer. The beams of such a reinforcement are compressed after the reinforcement has been inserted, so that the layers on the beams deform and close tightly around the ends of the reinforcement. Instead of providing the individual bars with an elastic layer, it can also be provided that the bars themselves consist of elastic material. The process is therefore independent of the longitudinal iron distance.

When the concrete mass is shaken and compacted, the pallet is placed on a vibrating stand. Since the pallet makes vertical movements when shaken, it must be ensured that the shelves do not stand out from the pallet and that concrete can emerge from the side. For this purpose, it is provided that the stops have a knife-like approach, which is directed at an obtuse angle against the top of the pallet and rests on it. This knife-like approach has resilient properties, so that when the pallet swings vertically, the end of this approach is always on the top of the pallet and closes there in a sealing manner. Since this knife-like approach is subject to wear over time, it is provided that a correspondingly shaped bar is removably attached to the parking space.

In the case of multi-part shelves which consist of elastic material, the bottom bar has a corresponding prismatic cross-section, so that the roof edge of the prism rests on the top of the pallet.

In order to prevent the vibrations from being transmitted to the pushing devices to which the racks are attached when the pallet is shaken, a vibrating metal is attached between each rack and the associated pushing device.

If the pallet is not to be moved from below into its loading position, but only moved in one plane, it is provided that one of the shelves is raised or lowered so that the pallet provided with the concrete slab is moved over or below this shelf can.

In the following, the invention and the device used for its implementation will now be described and explained in more detail using the exemplary embodiments shown in the figures.

• Fig. 1 eine Draufsicht auf eine erfindungsgemäße Vorrichtung,
• Fig. 2 einen Längsschnitt durch eine erfindungsgemäße-Vorrichtung,
• Fig. 3 einen Querschnitt durch eine erfindungsgemäße Vorrichtung,
• Fig. 4 eine erste Ausführungsform einer Abstellung,
• Fig. 5 eine zweite Ausführungsform einer Abstellung.

Show it:

• 1 is a plan view of a device according to the invention,
• 2 shows a longitudinal section through a device according to the invention,
• 3 shows a cross section through a device according to the invention,
• 4 shows a first embodiment of a shutdown,
• Fig. 5 shows a second embodiment of a shutdown.

FIG. 1 shows a top view of an arrangement with which the method according to the invention can be carried out. Two roller conveyors 71, 72 can be seen, on which a pallet 2 can be moved under rails 55 into a position which is below the loading position. On the rails 55 there are carriages or sleds which carry pushers 6. The stops 3 are located on these pushers 6. In the production of rectangular concrete slabs shown in the example, four pairs of rails 55 and corresponding carriages or slides 5 are arranged around the loading position, the direction of movement of which is parallel to the side surfaces of the concrete slab to be produced. running. As can be seen in FIG. 1, the shelves 3 are moved onto the pallet 2 in such a way that a long side 31 of such a shelf abuts an end face 32 of another shelf. As can be seen in FIG. 1, any size of concrete slab can be produced with this means by appropriately advancing the stands 3 by means of the feed device 6.

FIG. 2 shows a longitudinal section through a device according to the invention. One carriage 51, 52 each run on rail pairs 55. There is a pushing device on each carriage 51, 52, which is shown in FIG. 2 as a rod. A rack 3 is attached to them. Between them is the not yet hardened concrete slab 1. The pallet 2 is seated on vibrating jacks 8. With the aid of a lifting device 9, which is in particular a piston-cylinder arrangement, the pallet including the vibrating trestles 8 can be lowered from the loading position and lowered onto the roller conveyors 71, 72. It can be moved from this position under the carriage or carriage 53, 54 not shown in FIG. 2.

FIG. 3 shows a cross section through a device with which the method according to the invention can be carried out. The pallet 2 is from the left on the roller conveyors 71, 72 to a vibrating stand which is in the lowered state. 8 opened. The vibrating block 8 is then raised with a hydraulic device 9, so that the upper side of the pallet 2 touches the lower edges of the positions 3. This state is shown in Figure 3.

FIG. 4 shows a cross section through a single rack that is attached to a feed device. The feed device is a piston-cylinder device 64, a vibrating metal 61 being attached to the piston. In turn, the storage 3 is attached to this vibrating metal 61. It has a bar 62 on its underside, which is provided with a knife-like extension 63. The cutting edge 65 of this extension 63 lies on the top 21 of the pallet 2. As can further be seen from FIG. 4, the front surface 38 of the rack 3 is inclined at a small angle, approximately 2 °, from the vertical. The bar 62 is fastened with screws 66 to the shelf so that it can be easily replaced. This is necessary because when the concrete is shaken, the knife-like attachment 63 grinds on the surface of the pallet 2.

FIG. 5 shows a further embodiment for a shutdown used in the device according to the invention. This embodiment is used in particular in cases where the concrete slab is provided with reinforcements 4 which protrude from the side surfaces of the concrete slab. The shutdown is formed in two parts in the case shown. It consists of a lower bar 33, which has a prismatic shape in its underside, the “roof edge” 69 resting on the top 21 of the pallet 2. This "roof edge" 69 fulfills the same task as the knife-like extension 63 in FIG. 4. On the lower bar 33 there is a layer 37 made of elastically deformable material. This layer can be made of rubber, but it can also be made of another deformable material, e.g. made of foam rubber. The ends 41 of the reinforcement 4, which should protrude beyond the side surfaces of the concrete slab, are located between the beams 33 and 34 of the rack. The beam 34 is also provided with an elastic layer 37. The beams 33 and 34 sealingly enclose the end 41 of the reinforcement 4, so that no concrete can flow out. If the weight of the upper bar 34 is not sufficient for sealing closure, a spring 39 shown in dashed lines in FIG. 5 can be provided. This spring 39 may also be suitable for preventing the two beams 33 and 34 from opening or divergence when the concrete is shaken.

The arm 34 is pivotable about a joint 35. This makes it possible to place the reinforcement 4 unhindered vertically on the pallet from above. The joint 35 is located on a plate 36, which has a swing Metal 61 is connected to the piston rod 64 of a piston cylinder device, which is the feed device in the sense of the invention.

Furthermore, it is shown that the front surface 38 of the shelf 3 is inclined to the vertical, the angle of inclination in the example shown is approximately 4 °.

Instead of being provided with an elastic layer 37, the beams 33, 34 can consist entirely of elastic material. In this case, since the elastic material can have sufficient damping properties, the oscillating metal 61, which is attached between the stop 3 and the piston cylinder device 64, can be dispensed with in such a configuration.

Claims (21)

1) Process for the production of a concrete slab, in which shelves for delimitation of the concrete slab are opened on a pallet, between which shelves, concrete and, if necessary, reinforcements are (are) put, the concrete on the pallet is then shaken and compacted and then hardens characterized in that a pallet (2) with a transport device (7) is moved into a loading position, that racks (3) fastened to pushing devices (6) are moved onto the pallet (2) in such a way that they reach the predetermined area of the concrete slab ( 1) limit that after filling and shaking the concrete, the racks (3) are pulled off again by means of the pushing devices (6) and the pallet (2) is removed from the loading position and moved to a curing station. 2) Method according to claim 1, characterized in that the shelves (3) are moved one after the other onto the pallet (2) such that each shelf (3) with its long side (31) against an end face (32) of another shelf (3 ) bumps (see Fig. 1). 3) Method according to claim 1 or 2, characterized in that when removing the pallet (2) from the loading position, a rack (3) is raised and the pallet (2) is moved under it. 4) Method according to claim 1 or 2, characterized in that the pallet (2) on a transport device (7 (is moved into a position below the loading position, that it is lifted into the loading position with a lifting device (9) and after shaking the concrete is lowered again and moved away. 5) Method according to claim 1 or 2, characterized in that when inserting a reinforcement (4) on those sides of the pallet (2) on which the reinforcement (4) is led out of the concrete slab (1), two- or multi-part shelves (3) are used and the ends (41) of the reinforcements (4) are brought between the individual beams (33) of the respective rack (3). 6) Device for carrying out a method according to claim 1, with a transport device (7) for moving the pallet and with racks movable onto the pallet, characterized by an arrangement of slides or carriages (5,51-54) movable on rails (55) , a pushing device (6) being located on each carriage or carriage (5, 51-54), to each of which a holder (3) is attached, the longitudinal direction of the holder (3) being essentially perpendicular to the direction of advance of the associated pushing device (6) and essentially parallel to the direction of movement of the carriage or slide (5). 7) Device according to claim 6, characterized in that one or more of the sledges or carriages (5,51-54) can be raised or lowered to such an extent that the pallet (2) carrying the concrete slab (1) is located on the transport device (7) ) can be passed under or over this carriage or carriage (51). 8) Device according to claim 6, characterized by two spaced roller conveyors (71,72), the distance between which is less than the length or width of a pallet (2), and which are located below the height of the shelves (3) so that under the shelves (3) a pallet carrying a concrete slab can be passed, and through a liftable vibrating block (8) which is arranged between the roller conveyors (71, 72) and which is in the lowered state below the level of the roller conveyors (71, 72). 9) Device according to one of claims 6 to 8, characterized in that the trolleys or carriages (5,51-54) carrying the stands (3) can be automatically returned to a starting position by a return device (56). 1o) Device according to claim 9, characterized in that the return devices (56) have spring balancers. 11) Device according to one of claims 6 to 1 ₀ , characterized in that between the shelves (3) and the thrust devices (6) carrying them, a vibrating metal (61) is arranged (Fig. ₄ , ₅ ). 12) Device according to one of claims 6 to 11, characterized in that the shelves (3) have on their underside a removable, with a knife-like attachment (63) provided bar (62), the knife-like attachment (63) at an obtuse angle is directed against the top of the pallet (21). (Fig. ₄ -) 13) Device according to one of claims 6 to 12, characterized in that a rack (3) consists of several, stackable bars (33,34). 14) Device according to one of claims 6 to 13, characterized in that one or more stands (3) consist of two or more bars (33, 34), the bars being arranged one above the other and the bottom bar (33) being fixed to one The plate (36) and the further beams (34) are fastened to this plate (36) by means of a joint (35), the plate (36) being connected to the pushing device (6) via a vibrating metal (61). 15) Device according to one of claims 13, 14, characterized in that the beams (33, 34) have recesses adapted to the reinforcement on the surfaces on which they come into contact with the reinforcement (4). 16) Device according to one of claims 13 to 15, characterized in that the beams (33, 34) have elastically deformable material (37) on the surfaces with which they come into contact with the reinforcement (4). 17) Device according to claim 16, characterized in that the bars (33, 34) have a layer of rubber-like material, in particular of closed-cell foam. 18) Device according to one of claims 6 to 17, characterized in that the feed devices located on the carriage or carriage (5) have piston-cylinder devices (64). 19) Device according to one of claims 6 to 18, characterized in that the lifting device '(9) has a piston-cylinder device. 2 ₀ ) Device according to one of claims 6 to 19, characterized in that the front surface (38) of a shelf (3) is inclined at an angle to the vertical. (Fig. 3). 21) Device according to claim 2 ₀ , characterized in that the angle is approximately 2 ° -4 °.

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