EP0052758A2 - Article abrasif et flexible, par exemple en forme d'arc, bande, disque ou analogue - Google Patents

Article abrasif et flexible, par exemple en forme d'arc, bande, disque ou analogue Download PDF

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Publication number
EP0052758A2
EP0052758A2 EP81108578A EP81108578A EP0052758A2 EP 0052758 A2 EP0052758 A2 EP 0052758A2 EP 81108578 A EP81108578 A EP 81108578A EP 81108578 A EP81108578 A EP 81108578A EP 0052758 A2 EP0052758 A2 EP 0052758A2
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EP
European Patent Office
Prior art keywords
abrasive
binder
abrasive according
mass
adjusting
Prior art date
Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
Withdrawn
Application number
EP81108578A
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German (de)
English (en)
Other versions
EP0052758A3 (fr
Inventor
Walter Klingspor
Current Assignee (The listed assignees may be inaccurate. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation or warranty as to the accuracy of the list.)
Individual
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Individual
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Filing date
Publication date
Application filed by Individual filed Critical Individual
Publication of EP0052758A2 publication Critical patent/EP0052758A2/fr
Publication of EP0052758A3 publication Critical patent/EP0052758A3/fr
Withdrawn legal-status Critical Current

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    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B24—GRINDING; POLISHING
    • B24D—TOOLS FOR GRINDING, BUFFING OR SHARPENING
    • B24D3/00—Physical features of abrasive bodies, or sheets, e.g. abrasive surfaces of special nature; Abrasive bodies or sheets characterised by their constituents
    • B24D3/02—Physical features of abrasive bodies, or sheets, e.g. abrasive surfaces of special nature; Abrasive bodies or sheets characterised by their constituents the constituent being used as bonding agent
    • B24D3/20—Physical features of abrasive bodies, or sheets, e.g. abrasive surfaces of special nature; Abrasive bodies or sheets characterised by their constituents the constituent being used as bonding agent and being essentially organic
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B24—GRINDING; POLISHING
    • B24D—TOOLS FOR GRINDING, BUFFING OR SHARPENING
    • B24D11/00—Constructional features of flexible abrasive materials; Special features in the manufacture of such materials
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B24—GRINDING; POLISHING
    • B24D—TOOLS FOR GRINDING, BUFFING OR SHARPENING
    • B24D3/00—Physical features of abrasive bodies, or sheets, e.g. abrasive surfaces of special nature; Abrasive bodies or sheets characterised by their constituents
    • B24D3/02—Physical features of abrasive bodies, or sheets, e.g. abrasive surfaces of special nature; Abrasive bodies or sheets characterised by their constituents the constituent being used as bonding agent
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B24—GRINDING; POLISHING
    • B24D—TOOLS FOR GRINDING, BUFFING OR SHARPENING
    • B24D3/00—Physical features of abrasive bodies, or sheets, e.g. abrasive surfaces of special nature; Abrasive bodies or sheets characterised by their constituents
    • B24D3/02—Physical features of abrasive bodies, or sheets, e.g. abrasive surfaces of special nature; Abrasive bodies or sheets characterised by their constituents the constituent being used as bonding agent
    • B24D3/20—Physical features of abrasive bodies, or sheets, e.g. abrasive surfaces of special nature; Abrasive bodies or sheets characterised by their constituents the constituent being used as bonding agent and being essentially organic
    • B24D3/28—Resins or natural or synthetic macromolecular compounds
    • B24D3/285—Reaction products obtained from aldehydes or ketones

Definitions

  • the invention relates to a flexible abrasive, which in the field in question is often referred to as "coated abrasive".
  • a flexible abrasive can e.g. in the form of sheets, bands, disks or the like. It usually consists of a flexible base, for example made of paper or tissue, and a layer of binder is first applied to this base, on which the abrasive grain is then sprinkled. A cover layer is then usually applied, which in many cases consists of the same material as the binder layer.
  • this binder is a thermoset, and it can advantageously be a modifiable phenolic resin, epoxy resin or polyester resin or the like.
  • binders are known.
  • the abrasive produced so far is “flexed".
  • This flexing means that the abrasive is usually flexed sequentially in two different directions, i.e. is practically broken by being guided over rollers with a small radius of curvature or over curved edges.
  • An abrasive produced and flexed in this way can then be referred to as a flexible abrasive, the flexibility of the abrasive serving to enable the abrasive to adapt to different contours of the workpiece to be ground.
  • Abrasives produced and flexed in the manner described have generally proven themselves. However, a major disadvantage is that the life of the abrasive is comparatively short because there is only a single layer of abrasive grain. This layer wears out relatively quickly.
  • this layered structure breaks open in the subsequent flexing in an unpredictable manner, so that there is an unpredictable grinding effect and essentially an uneven grinding effect.
  • abrasive grains can break out, especially if they are located at breaking points which are formed during flexing.
  • an abrasive with multiple layers of abrasive grain is comparatively expensive to manufacture because multiple passes through the manufacturing facility are required.
  • agglomerates which for example have an essentially spherical shape.
  • agglomerates made entirely of spheroidal corundum.
  • a base body for example made of plastic, in which abrasive grains are partially embedded in such a way that they protrude outwards from the base body (DE-OS 26 08 273).
  • DE-OS 26 08 273 abrasive grains are partially embedded in such a way that they protrude outwards from the base body
  • DE-AS 23 48 338 It is also known to design the base body as a hollow body (DE-AS 23 48 338). A longer service life can possibly be expected when using these known designs, in particular because the abrasive grains are practically present in several layers one above the other.
  • the present invention is based on a flexible abrasive with a flexible base on which a plurality of abrasive bodies are arranged in a predetermined pattern.
  • a flexible abrasive is characterized in that the abrasive bodies are formed from a mass consisting of a binder and abrasive grain and are glued to the base before the binder hardens.
  • the invention creates a flexible abrasive in which the individual abrasive bodies contain abrasive grains in several layers one above the other, so that a long service life of the abrasive is ensured. It has surprisingly been found that even if the abrasive bodies are arranged directly on the flexible base, sufficient adhesion of the individual abrasive bodies to the base could be achieved by the adhesive effect of the binder alone.
  • the further important advantage is an abrasive according achieved that a flexing of the abrasive prior to Inbeutton D imitate is not required because the abrasive bodies are arranged directly on the base, which itself already has the required flexibility. By fixing the abrasive bodies in a certain arrangement on the base, free zones or areas are created which ensure that the natural flexibility of the base is retained even after the manufacturing process. The finished abrasive therefore has about the same flexibility as the starting product used.
  • an abrasive according to the invention can preferably be carried out by preparing a flowable or spreadable mass of binder and abrasive grain and applying it to the flexible base in the form of individual abrasive bodies before the binder hardens.
  • the mass prepared from binder and abrasive grain can be pressed into a grid or sieve placed on the base, for example in the form of a perforated plate or the like.
  • the grid, sieve or the like is then removed from the base.
  • the height of the abrasive body can be determined by the thickness of the grid, screen or the like.
  • the grid, sieve or the like can be made of metal or plastic, for example.
  • the flowable or spreadable mass of binder and abrasive grain which has previously been prepared, has thixotropic properties such that the mass flows only when a mechanical force or mechanical pressure is applied to it.
  • thixotropic properties When using a mass of binder and abrasive grain with thixotropic properties, it is in particular easier to remove the grid, sieve or the like after pressing the mass mentioned into the openings of the paster, sieve or the like.
  • a flexible abrasive according to the invention can be in the form of sheets, tapes and discs or the like.
  • an abrasive wheel is shown in FIGS. 1 and 2.
  • the flexible abrasive according to FIGS. 1 and 2 has. a flexible base 1 made of paper, tissue or the like. Such documents are known.
  • a plurality of abrasive bodies 2 consisting of binder and abrasive grain are arranged on the base 1.
  • the abrasive bodies 2 can be arranged in different patterns. For example, it has proven to be advantageous for an abrasive belt to arrange the abrasive bodies 2 in rows which are spaced apart from one another and are at an angle of 30 ° to the direction of movement of the abrasive belt.
  • Each abrasive body 2 consists of the mass formed from binder and abrasive grain and thus contains abrasive grain in a plurality of layers one above the other. As a result, the service life of a flexible abrasive according to the invention is comparatively long.
  • the shape of the abrasive body 2 can be different.
  • the abrasive bodies 2 can have a quadrangular shape, the shape of round, ie cylindrical knobs or the like.
  • the height of the abrasive bodies as well as their cross-sectional dimensions and the distance between adjacent abrasive bodies 2 can change depending on the application conditions, the size of the abrasive grain, etc.
  • round, ie cylindrical knobs for example the diameter of the knobs in a range from 0.5 to 10 mm, the height of the knobs in a range from 0.1 to 5 mm, and the spacing of the knobs from one another are in the range of 0.5 to 5 mm.
  • the abrasive body 2 is adequately adhered to the base 1 if the mass of binder and abrasive grain forming the abrasive body 2 is applied directly to the base 1, ie without an adhesive layer being arranged in between.
  • it may, for example, depending on the material used for di l flexible backing material, also in certain cases be advantageous prior to applying the group consisting of binder and abrasive grain mass to the backing layer, a adhesive or applying an adhesion-promoting layer.
  • a flowable or spreadable mixture of binder and abrasive grain of the desired grain size is first produced. This mixture is then pressed into the openings of a grid, sieve, perforated plate or the like, which was previously placed on the base.
  • This grid, sieve, perforated plate or the like has openings in a pattern which corresponds to the pattern in which the abrasive bodies 2 are to be arranged on the base 1.
  • Appropriate grids, sieves, perforated sheets or the like consist of metal, plastic or a similar material
  • the procedure is advantageously such that the height of the abrasive body 2 is determined by the thickness of the grid, sieve, perforated plate or the like .
  • the process of applying the mass of binder and abrasive grain to the base 1 is simplified and at the same time it is ensured that the abrasive body 2 formed all the same ge desired height.
  • thixotropic properties mean the property that the mass of binder and abrasive grain is only is flowable when exposed to mechanical stress. If the mass of binder and abrasive grain has thixotropic properties as defined above, it no longer has the ability or the desire to flow after being applied to the base 1. This facilitates the formation of the abrasive bodies 1 with the desired shape and the desired dimensions and also the subsequent removal of the grid, sieve, perforated plate or the like.
  • Binders known in the field of abrasives such as epoxy resin, polyurethane, urea resin, melamine resin, phenolic resin, polyester resin and inorganic binders such as water glass, phosphate binder, silicate binder, etc. can be used to form the mass from the binder and abrasive grain.
  • the abrasive grain is used in the required grain size.
  • Appropriate mixing ratios of abrasive grain and binder are in the range between 0.5: 1 and 3.0: 1, the finer grain size of the abrasive grain being used with a larger mixing ratio such that the optimum grinding performance and service life are obtained with each grain size.
  • the information on the mixing ratio relates to the binder and 100% solids content.
  • the thixotropic agents that can be used include alkali sulfates, alkali chlorides, alkali nitrates, bentonites, silicon dioxide, and talc.
  • auxiliaries for adjusting the viscosity can also be added to the mixture of binder and abrasive grain.
  • Suitable auxiliaries for adjusting the viscosity are e.g. Light spar, cryolite, potassium tetrafluoroborate, solvents such as esters, alcohols, water, ketones, halogenated hydrocarbons, etc. It should be understood here that, for example, the type of solvent used depends on the type of binder used. For a water-soluble binder, such as a phenolic resin, water is of course taken as the solvent.
  • additives can also be added to the mixture of binder and abrasive grain, for example to adjust the porosity or to improve the grinding performance by adding grinding-active fillers.
  • the basic type of additive used in turn depends on the type of binder used. For example, if the binder is a phenolic resin, polyisocyanates or halogenated hydrocarbons can be used as additives to adjust the porosity. If an epoxy resin is used as the binder, the porosity adjuster can be azodicarbonamide or ethanol. On the other hand, if the binder is a polyurethane, water can be used as an additive for adjusting the porosity.
  • the fillers customary in the abrasive industry can be used as grinding-active fillers, for example cryolite, potassium tetrafluoroborate, potassium sulfate, pyrite, halogenated organic compounds and sulfur-containing organic compounds. It is also possible to achieve a porosity using microencapsulated substances, for example microencapsulated oil, which has the abrasive properties or aggressiveness during the grinding process is very strongly influenced, and as a result an active grinding filler can be added at the same time.
  • microencapsulated substances for example microencapsulated oil, which has the abrasive properties or aggressiveness during the grinding process is very strongly influenced, and as a result an active grinding filler can be added at the same time.
  • a wetting agent to the mixture of binder and abrasive grain, i.e. a means which, when the mass of binder and abrasive grain is applied to the flexible base, ensures that the mass completely wets the material of the base.
  • Suitable wetting agents are, for example
  • Polyethylene glycols sulfurized castor oil, fatty alcohol sulfonates or silicone oils.
  • adhesion promoters include polyamino amide and saturated and unsaturated polyesters.
  • the entire abrasive body can be provided with a coating of a binder.
  • the coating binder then covers both the individual abrasive bodies and the zones in between. So that the flexibility of the finished abrasive on the backing is not adversely affected, this coating should only be applied in an appropriate amount, or the coating binder itself could be elastic (e.g. polyurethane).
  • the flow behavior of the mass of binder and abrasive grain with additives it should be noted that it is for the rheological behavior and the good processability It is important for the mass that the yield point, the thixotropy and the viscosity have certain values. These values are achieved by suitable selection of the type and grain size, ie the fineness of the fillers, thixotropic agents and solvents. Of course, the flow behavior of the mass also depends on the type of binder used, ie the resin used, and on the grain size of the abrasive grain.
  • the binder and the abrasive grain are first mixed in a mixer until a homogeneous mixture is obtained.
  • the additives namely the hardener, the thixotropic agent, the viscosity adjuster, which also serves as a solvent for the epoxy resin, and the colorant are then added and mixed in.
  • the mixture is then immediately ready for use and can be used, for example, in the manner described above a grid, sieve or the like can be applied to a flexible base.
  • the parts specified are always parts by weight.
  • mixture or mass prepared may also be can remain for a few days until it is processed, at least if one-component binders are used.
  • the range of applicable grain sizes or particle sizes is in the range from 10 to 2000 ⁇ m.
  • the particular grain size that is used depends on the intended use.

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  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
  • Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
  • Chemical Kinetics & Catalysis (AREA)
  • Polishing Bodies And Polishing Tools (AREA)
EP81108578A 1980-11-20 1981-10-20 Article abrasif et flexible, par exemple en forme d'arc, bande, disque ou analogue Withdrawn EP0052758A3 (fr)

Applications Claiming Priority (2)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
DE3043796 1980-11-20
DE19803043796 DE3043796A1 (de) 1980-11-20 1980-11-20 Flexibles schleifmittel, beispielsweise in form von boegen, baendern, scheiben o.dgl.

Publications (2)

Publication Number Publication Date
EP0052758A2 true EP0052758A2 (fr) 1982-06-02
EP0052758A3 EP0052758A3 (fr) 1984-02-01

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Application Number Title Priority Date Filing Date
EP81108578A Withdrawn EP0052758A3 (fr) 1980-11-20 1981-10-20 Article abrasif et flexible, par exemple en forme d'arc, bande, disque ou analogue

Country Status (4)

Country Link
EP (1) EP0052758A3 (fr)
JP (1) JPS57114367A (fr)
DE (1) DE3043796A1 (fr)
ES (1) ES8500701A1 (fr)

Cited By (6)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
EP0163521A2 (fr) * 1984-06-01 1985-12-04 Ferro Corporation Tampon de polissage pour lentille ophtalmique
EP0480219A2 (fr) * 1990-10-12 1992-04-15 Didier-Werke Ag Procédé de fabrication d'une roue abrasive
WO1996010471A1 (fr) * 1994-09-30 1996-04-11 Minnesota Mining And Manufacturing Company Article abrasif revetu, procede de preparation de cet article, et son procede d'utilisation
WO1998030361A1 (fr) * 1997-01-08 1998-07-16 Norton Company Procede de rotogravure pour la formation de surfaces abrasives a motifs
US8131157B2 (en) * 2007-01-22 2012-03-06 Finisar Corporation Method and apparatus for generating signals with increased dispersion tolerance using a directly modulated laser transmitter
US10456888B2 (en) 2014-10-28 2019-10-29 Bando Chemical Industries, Ltd. Abrasive material and production method of abrasive material

Families Citing this family (2)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
JPS5924965A (ja) * 1982-07-30 1984-02-08 Harumitsu Yasuda 研摩布紙の製造方法
JP2002264026A (ja) * 2001-03-09 2002-09-18 Nihon Kenshi Co Ltd 研磨布

Citations (17)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
GB420912A (en) * 1932-06-22 1934-12-06 Degussa Improvements in and relating to abrasive smoothing or polishing cloths, paper and the like, and methods of manufacturing the same
US2001911A (en) * 1932-04-21 1935-05-21 Carborundum Co Abrasive articles
GB454251A (en) * 1934-03-29 1936-09-28 Carborundum Co Improvements in or relating to the manufacture of porous bonded abrasive articles
FR845383A (fr) * 1937-10-30 1939-08-21 Matières minérales synthétiques, liants destinés à leur fabrication, agglomérés fabriqués à l'aide de ces liants et procédé de préparation de ces divers produits
FR881239A (fr) * 1941-12-17 1943-04-19 Nouveau procédé de fabrication et d'utilisation des compositions abrasives
FR1015354A (fr) * 1949-04-02 1952-09-16 Utensili Smerigli Abrasivi Soc Procédé pour la fabrication d'articles abrasifs souples
US2673146A (en) * 1950-05-09 1954-03-23 Raybestos Manhattan Inc Manufacture of felted-fiber reinforced abrasive products
FR1286109A (fr) * 1960-03-02 1962-03-02 Osborn Mfg Co Composition et procédé pour la fabrication de meules usantes et articles similaires
FR2032233A5 (en) * 1969-02-24 1970-11-20 Minnesota Mining & Mfg Abrasive wheels, rings, leaves or discs
US3631638A (en) * 1969-06-17 1972-01-04 Nippon Toki Kk Process for the manufacture of a grinding stone
FR2138739A1 (fr) * 1971-05-20 1973-01-05 Norton Co
FR2220349A1 (fr) * 1973-03-10 1974-10-04 Feldmuehle Anlagen Prod
US3925034A (en) * 1973-05-14 1975-12-09 Res Abrasive Products Inc Resin bonded grinding wheel containing gas-filled thermoplastic resin beads and method of making it
DE2607551A1 (de) * 1976-02-25 1977-09-01 Resicoat Gmbh Pulvermischung zur herstellung von schleifkoerpern sowie daraus hergestellte schleifkoerper und verfahren zur herstellung derselben
DE2654911A1 (de) * 1976-04-22 1977-11-03 Ortner Verfahren zum herstellen von formkoerpern aus expandiertem kunststoff mit eingelagerten koernigen stoffen, insbesondere von schleifkoerpern
DE2654912A1 (de) * 1976-04-21 1977-11-03 Ortner Verfahren zur herstellung von schleifkoerpern
EP0004454A2 (fr) * 1978-03-23 1979-10-03 Robert Michael Barron Outils abrasifs revêtus

Patent Citations (17)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US2001911A (en) * 1932-04-21 1935-05-21 Carborundum Co Abrasive articles
GB420912A (en) * 1932-06-22 1934-12-06 Degussa Improvements in and relating to abrasive smoothing or polishing cloths, paper and the like, and methods of manufacturing the same
GB454251A (en) * 1934-03-29 1936-09-28 Carborundum Co Improvements in or relating to the manufacture of porous bonded abrasive articles
FR845383A (fr) * 1937-10-30 1939-08-21 Matières minérales synthétiques, liants destinés à leur fabrication, agglomérés fabriqués à l'aide de ces liants et procédé de préparation de ces divers produits
FR881239A (fr) * 1941-12-17 1943-04-19 Nouveau procédé de fabrication et d'utilisation des compositions abrasives
FR1015354A (fr) * 1949-04-02 1952-09-16 Utensili Smerigli Abrasivi Soc Procédé pour la fabrication d'articles abrasifs souples
US2673146A (en) * 1950-05-09 1954-03-23 Raybestos Manhattan Inc Manufacture of felted-fiber reinforced abrasive products
FR1286109A (fr) * 1960-03-02 1962-03-02 Osborn Mfg Co Composition et procédé pour la fabrication de meules usantes et articles similaires
FR2032233A5 (en) * 1969-02-24 1970-11-20 Minnesota Mining & Mfg Abrasive wheels, rings, leaves or discs
US3631638A (en) * 1969-06-17 1972-01-04 Nippon Toki Kk Process for the manufacture of a grinding stone
FR2138739A1 (fr) * 1971-05-20 1973-01-05 Norton Co
FR2220349A1 (fr) * 1973-03-10 1974-10-04 Feldmuehle Anlagen Prod
US3925034A (en) * 1973-05-14 1975-12-09 Res Abrasive Products Inc Resin bonded grinding wheel containing gas-filled thermoplastic resin beads and method of making it
DE2607551A1 (de) * 1976-02-25 1977-09-01 Resicoat Gmbh Pulvermischung zur herstellung von schleifkoerpern sowie daraus hergestellte schleifkoerper und verfahren zur herstellung derselben
DE2654912A1 (de) * 1976-04-21 1977-11-03 Ortner Verfahren zur herstellung von schleifkoerpern
DE2654911A1 (de) * 1976-04-22 1977-11-03 Ortner Verfahren zum herstellen von formkoerpern aus expandiertem kunststoff mit eingelagerten koernigen stoffen, insbesondere von schleifkoerpern
EP0004454A2 (fr) * 1978-03-23 1979-10-03 Robert Michael Barron Outils abrasifs revêtus

Cited By (13)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
EP0163521A2 (fr) * 1984-06-01 1985-12-04 Ferro Corporation Tampon de polissage pour lentille ophtalmique
EP0163521A3 (en) * 1984-06-01 1988-08-10 Ferro Corporation Fixed ophthalmic lens polishing pad
EP0480219A2 (fr) * 1990-10-12 1992-04-15 Didier-Werke Ag Procédé de fabrication d'une roue abrasive
EP0480219A3 (en) * 1990-10-12 1992-11-19 Didier-Werke Ag Manufacturing method for abrasive wheel
US5975988A (en) * 1994-09-30 1999-11-02 Minnesota Mining And Manfacturing Company Coated abrasive article, method for preparing the same, and method of using a coated abrasive article to abrade a hard workpiece
WO1996010471A1 (fr) * 1994-09-30 1996-04-11 Minnesota Mining And Manufacturing Company Article abrasif revetu, procede de preparation de cet article, et son procede d'utilisation
US6217413B1 (en) * 1994-09-30 2001-04-17 3M Innovative Properties Company Coated abrasive article, method for preparing the same, and method of using a coated abrasive article to abrade a hard workpiece
KR100372592B1 (ko) * 1994-09-30 2003-05-16 미네소타 마이닝 앤드 매뉴팩춰링 캄파니 코팅된연마용물품,이의제조방법및사용방법
WO1998030361A1 (fr) * 1997-01-08 1998-07-16 Norton Company Procede de rotogravure pour la formation de surfaces abrasives a motifs
CN1077831C (zh) * 1997-01-08 2002-01-16 诺顿公司 制造形成图案的磨料表面的轮转凹版印刷法
CZ300177B6 (cs) * 1997-01-08 2009-03-04 Norton Company Zpusob výroby povlakovaného brusného výrobku se vzorovaným brusným povrchem
US8131157B2 (en) * 2007-01-22 2012-03-06 Finisar Corporation Method and apparatus for generating signals with increased dispersion tolerance using a directly modulated laser transmitter
US10456888B2 (en) 2014-10-28 2019-10-29 Bando Chemical Industries, Ltd. Abrasive material and production method of abrasive material

Also Published As

Publication number Publication date
JPS57114367A (en) 1982-07-16
ES507280A0 (es) 1984-11-01
DE3043796A1 (de) 1982-07-22
EP0052758A3 (fr) 1984-02-01
ES8500701A1 (es) 1984-11-01

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