EP0041077B1 - Antennenspeisesystem für eine nachführbare Antenne - Google Patents

Antennenspeisesystem für eine nachführbare Antenne Download PDF

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Publication number
EP0041077B1
EP0041077B1 EP80108118A EP80108118A EP0041077B1 EP 0041077 B1 EP0041077 B1 EP 0041077B1 EP 80108118 A EP80108118 A EP 80108118A EP 80108118 A EP80108118 A EP 80108118A EP 0041077 B1 EP0041077 B1 EP 0041077B1
Authority
EP
European Patent Office
Prior art keywords
coupling
feed system
aerial
exciter
signal
Prior art date
Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
Expired
Application number
EP80108118A
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German (de)
English (en)
French (fr)
Other versions
EP0041077A3 (en
EP0041077A2 (de
Inventor
Günter Dr.-Ing. Mörz
Current Assignee (The listed assignees may be inaccurate. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation or warranty as to the accuracy of the list.)
Bosch Telecom GmbH
Original Assignee
ANT Nachrichtentechnik GmbH
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Filing date
Publication date
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Publication of EP0041077A2 publication Critical patent/EP0041077A2/de
Publication of EP0041077A3 publication Critical patent/EP0041077A3/de
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Publication of EP0041077B1 publication Critical patent/EP0041077B1/de
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    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01P—WAVEGUIDES; RESONATORS, LINES, OR OTHER DEVICES OF THE WAVEGUIDE TYPE
    • H01P1/00—Auxiliary devices
    • H01P1/16—Auxiliary devices for mode selection, e.g. mode suppression or mode promotion; for mode conversion
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01P—WAVEGUIDES; RESONATORS, LINES, OR OTHER DEVICES OF THE WAVEGUIDE TYPE
    • H01P1/00—Auxiliary devices
    • H01P1/20—Frequency-selective devices, e.g. filters
    • H01P1/213—Frequency-selective devices, e.g. filters combining or separating two or more different frequencies
    • H01P1/2131—Frequency-selective devices, e.g. filters combining or separating two or more different frequencies with combining or separating polarisations

Definitions

  • the invention relates to an antenna feed system for circularly polarized signals with an exciter whose aperture cross section is symmetrical to at least one main axis, and a device for coupling higher wave types as storage signals for tracking the antenna, the excitation of which is proportional to the deviation of the antenna main axes from a received circularly polarized beacon signal .
  • Future communications satellites will be required to illuminate a very specific area of the earth and, as little as possible, shine onto neighboring areas, especially when it comes to supplying neighboring countries with TV programs.
  • the alignment of the transmitting antenna must be stabilized.
  • G. Mörz Analysis and synthesis of electromagnetic wave fields in reflector antennas with the help of multi-type waveguides, Diss. D82, TH- Aachen (1978), p. 46 ff.
  • the transmitting antenna also serves as a receiving antenna for a beacon signal which is emitted by a beacon station arranged in the center of the prescribed illumination area.
  • the invention is based on the object of creating an antenna feed system for circularly polarized signals with an exciter, the aperture cross section of which is symmetrical to at least one main axis, in the manner mentioned at the outset, the two filing signals suitable for antenna tracking and obtained with simple means after the multimode -Monopul principle generated, it has a high polarization purity of the transmitted message signals and affects the required minimum attenuation of the message signals as little as possible.
  • the object is achieved in that a polarization converter, which contains amplitude and phase compensation devices, is arranged between the exciter and the device for coupling higher wave types, that the coupling of the higher wave types in a polarization switch connected to the polarization converter for separating two orthogonally polarized signals happens, which has two message signal inputs and outputs assigned to the two polarization directions for coupling the basic wave types and two outputs for coupling two different fields, which are created by additive and subtractive superimposition of two higher wave types and which contain the storage information of the antenna from the desired direction in Cartesian orientation .
  • the coupling structure for coupling the higher wave types is not arranged in the exciter, but behind it, does not interfere with the excitation of the hybrid modes advantageously used by grooved exciters (see DE-C-26 16 125). They are preferably used because they best meet the high requirements with regard to area efficiency and freedom from cross-polarization, as well as the adjustment of the lobe shapes in the E and H sections of the radiation diagrams.
  • a further advantage of this antenna feed system is the arrangement of the polarization converter between the exciter and the coupling structure. On the one hand, it does not interfere with the excitation of the hybrid modes and, on the other hand, it is possible to provide it with means for the interference effects of the exciter on the two storage signals and compensate for the polarization purity of the transmitted message signals.
  • Figure la shows the field types that are excited in the excitation horn with a rectangular or elliptical cross section and smooth wall.
  • the shaft types H 11 and E 11 there are the two shaft types H 11 and E 11 and with the elliptical cross section, the shaft types H 21 and E 01 (based on the designation of the shaft types in the circular waveguide).
  • the wave types H 11 and E 11 or H 21 and E 01 are superposed in a certain way.
  • the necessary transition from the throat cross section to the cross section of the polarization switch converts the higher wave types containing the storage information into the corresponding wave types of the input waveguide of the polarization switch (e.g. into the H 11 and E 11 waves) .
  • the beacon signal B is deposited Ax
  • the two wave types in the polarization switch are superimposed in phase opposition with mode couplers, resulting in a field in the x direction.
  • the beacon signal is deposited Ay
  • the two wave types are superposed in phase, which, as can be seen from FIG. 1, results in a resulting field in the y direction. Only when the two higher wave types are superposed in the phase direction described above are the coupled signals independent of one another in their storage information.
  • the rectangular exciter horn has a groove structure
  • two wave types are no longer excited, which are superimposed on one another to obtain independent placement signals, but instead the hybrid shaft type HE 21 is obtained with x placement and the HE 12 hybrid shaft type with y placement, each with clear placement information.
  • This case should not be dealt with in any more detail, however, since no major changes need to be made to the feed system.
  • each type of hybrid shaft in turn breaks down into the types of shaft H 11 and E 11 described above.
  • FIG. 2 shows the block diagram of an antenna feed system for circularly polarized signals, the exciter 1 of which is symmetrical only with respect to a main axis of the aperture area, in this embodiment it is rectangular.
  • a polarization converter 2, to which a polarization switch 3 with mode coupling is connected, is arranged behind the exciter with the interposition of a transition to cross-sectional adaptation.
  • the transmission signal S is fed into the input a of the polarization switch 3.
  • the storage signals ⁇ 1 and ⁇ 2 are present at the outputs b and c, which generally contain mixed storage information rather than unambiguous information.
  • the mixing of the storage information is due to different transmission properties of the higher wave types in the waveguides, which has the consequence that the phase-correct superposition of the wave types and thus also the independence of the storage signals is lost. There is an interference that contributes to the coupling of the storage signals. given by the different propagation constants of the excitation horn for the two higher wave types.
  • the different phase rotations of the excitation horn in both its main planes have a disruptive effect on the circularly polarized message signals to be transmitted.
  • the incoming circularly polarized field is elliptically distorted by the different phase rotations.
  • Another interference may result from a different antenna gain in the two main planes of the horn.
  • the circular polarization deteriorates to an elliptical one.
  • Gain and phase differences can also be caused by the reflector material of the antenna.
  • the polarization converter 2 located behind the exciter 1 in which these disturbances occur contains means for compensating for the described amplitude and phase errors.
  • a specific embodiment of such a special polarization converter is described below.
  • This polarization converter and the subsequent polarization switch 3 likewise effect coupling of the storage signals by differently influencing the H 11 and E 11 waves. But irrespective of the individual causes of coupling, the signals ⁇ 1 and ⁇ 2 at the outputs b and c of the polarization switch are decoupled again with a mode coupler by means of a downstream correction coupler 4, for example in the form of a directional coupler normally used. The unmixed storage signals Ax and ⁇ y are then at the outputs of the correction coupler.
  • the correction coupler can be dispensed with if the exciter fulfills certain phase conditions for the higher wave types.
  • the desired superposition of the higher wave types H 21 and E 01 , the then the decoupled storage signals ⁇ x and Ay appear directly at the outputs of the polarization switch 3, are predetermined by the length of the excitation horn. It is therefore possible to generate a field configuration by means of a specific length specification of the excitation horn, which compensates for the interference from the exciter, polarization converter and polarization switch.
  • the length of the horn must be selected so that the individual fields H 21 and E 01 to be overlaid cause a mutual phase angle of 0 ° or a multiple of 180 ° for the corresponding waves at the mode couplings.
  • This phase relationship can also be set by specifying the length of the exciter horn throat, which does not necessarily have to have the same cross-sectional shape as the exciter aperture.
  • the horn throat has a circular cross section (see DE-A-29 39 562.8). The cross section of the horn throat must then be adapted to the cross section of the polarization transducer with a waveguide transition.
  • the received signal E At the output d of the polarization switch 3 is the received signal E, which is broken down in a downstream crossover 5 into the reference signal 1: from the beacon signal and a possibly additionally transmitted message signal N.
  • a control variable for tracking the antenna can be derived from the comparison between the reference signal Z and the storage signals Ax and Ay derived from the beacon signal.
  • an interference signal S 1 appears , which is composed of undesired portions of the transmission signal S reflected in the exciter or on the antenna reflector b.
  • This reflected interference signal S is separated by the crossover 5 from the received signal and received by an absorber 7.
  • FIG. 3a, b show the implementation of a polarization converter with means for polarization conversion for amplitude and phase compensation.
  • FIG. 3a shows the front view
  • FIG. 3b shows the longitudinal section A-A of the polarization converter.
  • the coupling means are adjusted in their combination in the polarization converter that a fed-in, linearly polarized wave at the output of the polarization converter is split into broadband into two orthogonal waves (Ex, Ey) with the same amplitude and 90 ° phase difference (3.01 dB coupling).
  • the means for polarization conversion and amplitude compensation consist of two bevels 8 and 9 with grooves 8 'and 9', which are arranged in two diagonally opposite corners of the square polarization converter, and one which engages in grooves 8 'and 9'.
  • the bevels have an inductive effect and the diagonal dielectric plate has a capacitive character.
  • These two capacitive and inductive coupling means together have an almost frequency-independent coupling behavior. In practice, it can happen that the antenna-related gain difference is frequency-dependent, so that the amplitude compensation must also be made frequency-dependent.
  • the bevels 8, 9 and the plate 10 can be constructed in steps over the length ( ⁇ / 4 transformers).
  • the amplitude compensation is achieved by dimensioning the coupling means described above, which lie in diagonal planes, in such a way that an uneven splitting of a wave fed into the two main planes of the quadratic polarization converter is achieved.
  • the output shaft is not circular, but elliptically polarized, the main axes of the polarization ellipse lying parallel to the central axes of the square output cross section of the polarization converter.
  • the wave components Ex and Ey of the elliptical polarized wave are 90 ° out of phase with each other, but are no longer the same in amount.
  • the amounts of the wave components Ex and Ey can thus be influenced in such a way that a difference in amount between Ex and Ey, caused, for example, by different antenna gains in the x and y planes, can be compensated for; ie the elliptically polarized output wave of the polarization converter in turn generates a circularly polarized field in the radiation field of the exciter in the main beam direction.
  • a phase compensation is provided in the polarization converter, which compensates for phase shifts between Ex and Ey caused by a rectangular or elliptical exciter.
  • the phase compensation is provided by a further dielectric plate 11, which is arranged either horizontally or vertically, in front of the diagonally extending plate 10, depending on whether Ex is to be influenced in relation to Ey or Ey in relation to Ex in phase. Deviating from this, e.g. the phase correction can also be carried out with a rectangular waveguide section placed at the start of the excitation side in front of the square polarization converter, in which a side length is reduced compared to that of the polarization converter (not shown in the drawing). Both means - dielectric plate and rectangular waveguide section - can be used together to compensate for the frequency response of the phase error. Depending on the amount and direction of the frequency response, one or the other compensation means must predominate.
  • This polarization switch with mode coupling begins with a square waveguide 12 in which the two orthogonally polarized waves of the H 10 and H 01 type exist.
  • the polarization converter must be connected to this.
  • two coupling windows 13 and 14 are arranged, which are embedded in the E position transversely to the square waveguide.
  • the width of the coupling window is about half as large as the side length of the square waveguide cross section.
  • the energy of the H 10 shaft that is coupled out at the coupling windows is passed on via a rectangular hollow body 15, 16.
  • Both rectangular waveguides 15 and 16 open into a waveguide branch (double-T branching) which, according to the designation in the block diagram in FIG. 2, forms the input a for the transmission signal S and a waveguide gate b for energy components of the higher wave types H 11 and E 11 .
  • the signal coupled to the waveguide b has been designated 41 in FIG.
  • the coupling window 13 and 14 are each provided with an electrically conductive rod 17 and 18, which is inserted into the side walls of the square waveguide 12. They are a countermeasure to suppress the resonances of higher waveforms that usually occur due to the enlargement of the waveguide space at the level of the coupling window.
  • the signal of the H oj type is passed through a separating structure 19 in the square waveguide 12 to the output d, at which the received signal appears.
  • the door structure 19 consists of a plate arranged between the upper and lower walls of the square waveguide, which, viewed in the direction of expansion, begins near the rear edges of the coupling window. Towards the front, the separating plate 19 is approximately circularly tapered on both sides and extends into a tip 20. This enables the H 10 -type wave arriving from the square waveguide 12 to be deflected into the rectangular waveguides 15 and 16 with low resistance and reflection.
  • the directional damping of the coupling arrangement for the H 11 and E 11 shaft can be influenced over the length of the tip 20. Their length is set to the highest directional damping.
  • the signal coupled here has been designated 42 in FIG. 2, the block diagram of the entire antenna feed system.
  • FIGS. 5a, b and c a possible structural design of the antenna feed system will be described with reference to FIGS. 5a, b and c.
  • the names of the individual elements of the antenna feed system correspond to those of the block diagram in FIG. 2.
  • the polarization converter 2 with amplitude and phase compensation is connected to the exciter 1.
  • the polarization switch 3 with mode coupling with the input a for the transmission signal S, the outputs b and c for the storage signals ⁇ 1 and ⁇ 2, which are generally still coupled and which are broken down into the uncoupled storage signals Ax and Ay with the aid of the correction coupler 4, and the output d for the received signal E.
  • the reference signal ⁇ is split off from the received signal with the crossover 5.
  • the interference signal S 1 and a possibly additional transmitted message signal N which, which is not shown here, would still have to be separated from the interference signal via a further crossover.
  • the interference signal S 1 is finally fed to an absorber not included in the drawing.
  • the correction coupler 4 can only fulfill its function if its coupling damping is adapted to the coupling of the storage signals ⁇ 1 and ⁇ 2 and a defined phase relationship of 90 ° is set at its input. This phase relationship is e.g. by selecting the length of the waveguide leading from the waveguide output b to the correction coupler 4.
  • the components of the antenna feed system can also be formed from a round waveguide.
  • the arrangement of the antenna feed system according to the invention naturally also works with a round exciter as the limit case of the elliptical exciter; in this case there is no need for amplitude and phase compensation in the polarization converter.
  • a receive signal can also be obtained from the transmit input a or a transmit signal can be fed into the output N.

Landscapes

  • Variable-Direction Aerials And Aerial Arrays (AREA)
  • Waveguide Aerials (AREA)
  • Aerials With Secondary Devices (AREA)
  • Waveguide Switches, Polarizers, And Phase Shifters (AREA)
EP80108118A 1980-05-30 1980-12-22 Antennenspeisesystem für eine nachführbare Antenne Expired EP0041077B1 (de)

Applications Claiming Priority (2)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
DE3020514 1980-05-30
DE19803020514 DE3020514A1 (de) 1980-05-30 1980-05-30 Antennenspeisesystem fuer eine nachfuehrbare antenne

Publications (3)

Publication Number Publication Date
EP0041077A2 EP0041077A2 (de) 1981-12-09
EP0041077A3 EP0041077A3 (en) 1981-12-16
EP0041077B1 true EP0041077B1 (de) 1985-02-20

Family

ID=6103553

Family Applications (1)

Application Number Title Priority Date Filing Date
EP80108118A Expired EP0041077B1 (de) 1980-05-30 1980-12-22 Antennenspeisesystem für eine nachführbare Antenne

Country Status (5)

Country Link
US (1) US4365253A (ja)
EP (1) EP0041077B1 (ja)
JP (1) JPS5724105A (ja)
CA (1) CA1164088A (ja)
DE (2) DE3020514A1 (ja)

Cited By (1)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
DE3604432A1 (de) * 1986-02-13 1987-08-20 Licentia Gmbh Modenkoppler fuer monopulsanwendungen

Families Citing this family (15)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US4504805A (en) * 1982-06-04 1985-03-12 Andrew Corporation Multi-port combiner for multi-frequency microwave signals
US4491810A (en) * 1983-01-28 1985-01-01 Andrew Corporation Multi-port, multi-frequency microwave combiner with overmoded square waveguide section
DE3381303D1 (de) * 1983-06-18 1990-04-12 Ant Nachrichtentech Viertornetzwerk fuer mikrowellenantennen mit monopulsnachfuehrung.
CA1286142C (en) * 1985-09-26 1991-07-16 Noboru Kato Process for producing fish-paste products
DE3840450A1 (de) * 1988-12-01 1990-06-07 Telefunken Systemtechnik Modenkoppler fuer monopulsanwendungen
DE3843259C1 (ja) * 1988-12-22 1990-03-15 Ant Nachrichtentechnik Gmbh, 7150 Backnang, De
US5175562A (en) * 1989-06-23 1992-12-29 Northeastern University High aperture-efficient, wide-angle scanning offset reflector antenna
US5109232A (en) * 1990-02-20 1992-04-28 Andrew Corporation Dual frequency antenna feed with apertured channel
GB9618744D0 (en) * 1996-09-09 1996-10-23 Cambridge Ind Ltd Improved waveguide for use in dual polarisation probe system
US20020153962A1 (en) 1996-09-09 2002-10-24 Baird Andrew Patrick Waveguide for use in dual polarisation probe system
FR2763749B1 (fr) * 1997-05-21 1999-07-23 Alsthom Cge Alcatel Source d'antenne pour l'emission et la reception d'ondes hyperfrequences polarisees
JP4060228B2 (ja) 2003-04-04 2008-03-12 三菱電機株式会社 導波管形偏分波器
DE102008044895B4 (de) * 2008-08-29 2018-02-22 Astrium Gmbh Signal-Verzweigung zur Verwendung in einem Kommunikationssystem
DE102013011651A1 (de) * 2013-07-11 2015-01-15 ESA-microwave service GmbH Antennen-Speisesystem im Mikrowellenbereich für Reflektorantennen
CN106207379A (zh) * 2016-07-20 2016-12-07 周丹 设有封装部的rfid电子天线标签

Family Cites Families (8)

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Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
FR1115046A (fr) * 1954-11-23 1956-04-18 Csf Perfectionnement aux dispositifs produisant une polarisation circulaire en ondes ultra-haute fréquence
DE2055443C3 (de) * 1970-11-11 1982-02-25 Licentia Patent-Verwaltungs-Gmbh, 6000 Frankfurt Polarisationswandler für Mikrowellen
DE2212996C3 (de) * 1972-03-17 1980-09-25 Licentia Patent-Verwaltungs-Gmbh, 6000 Frankfurt Einem beweglichen Sender nachfuhrbare Horn antenne
FR2302601A1 (fr) * 1975-02-28 1976-09-24 Thomson Csf Dispositif d'extr
US4030048A (en) * 1976-07-06 1977-06-14 Rca Corporation Multimode coupling system including a funnel-shaped multimode coupler
DE2651935B2 (de) * 1976-11-13 1980-09-04 Licentia Patent-Verwaltungs-Gmbh, 6000 Frankfurt Breitbandige Polarisations-Weiche
US4077039A (en) * 1976-12-20 1978-02-28 Bell Telephone Laboratories, Incorporated Launching and/or receiving network for an antenna feedhorn
US4258366A (en) * 1979-01-31 1981-03-24 Nasa Multifrequency broadband polarized horn antenna

Cited By (1)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
DE3604432A1 (de) * 1986-02-13 1987-08-20 Licentia Gmbh Modenkoppler fuer monopulsanwendungen

Also Published As

Publication number Publication date
JPS5724105A (en) 1982-02-08
EP0041077A3 (en) 1981-12-16
CA1164088A (en) 1984-03-20
JPH0369201B2 (ja) 1991-10-31
US4365253A (en) 1982-12-21
EP0041077A2 (de) 1981-12-09
DE3020514A1 (de) 1981-12-10
DE3070235D1 (en) 1985-03-28

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