EP0038314B1 - Wärmetauschereinheit zum Vorwärmen von Zementrohmehl - Google Patents

Wärmetauschereinheit zum Vorwärmen von Zementrohmehl Download PDF

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Publication number
EP0038314B1
EP0038314B1 EP81890016A EP81890016A EP0038314B1 EP 0038314 B1 EP0038314 B1 EP 0038314B1 EP 81890016 A EP81890016 A EP 81890016A EP 81890016 A EP81890016 A EP 81890016A EP 0038314 B1 EP0038314 B1 EP 0038314B1
Authority
EP
European Patent Office
Prior art keywords
hot gas
raw meal
mixing chamber
heat exchanger
heat
Prior art date
Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
Expired
Application number
EP81890016A
Other languages
German (de)
English (en)
French (fr)
Other versions
EP0038314A1 (de
Inventor
Fritz Dipl.Ing.Dr. Kraus
Current Assignee (The listed assignees may be inaccurate. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation or warranty as to the accuracy of the list.)
Voestalpine AG
Original Assignee
Voestalpine AG
Priority date (The priority date is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the date listed.)
Filing date
Publication date
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Application filed by Voestalpine AG filed Critical Voestalpine AG
Publication of EP0038314A1 publication Critical patent/EP0038314A1/de
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Classifications

    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B04—CENTRIFUGAL APPARATUS OR MACHINES FOR CARRYING-OUT PHYSICAL OR CHEMICAL PROCESSES
    • B04C—APPARATUS USING FREE VORTEX FLOW, e.g. CYCLONES
    • B04C5/00—Apparatus in which the axial direction of the vortex is reversed
    • B04C5/24—Multiple arrangement thereof
    • B04C5/30—Recirculation constructions in or with cyclones which accomplish a partial recirculation of the medium, e.g. by means of conduits
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B04—CENTRIFUGAL APPARATUS OR MACHINES FOR CARRYING-OUT PHYSICAL OR CHEMICAL PROCESSES
    • B04C—APPARATUS USING FREE VORTEX FLOW, e.g. CYCLONES
    • B04C5/00—Apparatus in which the axial direction of the vortex is reversed
    • B04C5/12—Construction of the overflow ducting, e.g. diffusing or spiral exits
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F26—DRYING
    • F26B—DRYING SOLID MATERIALS OR OBJECTS BY REMOVING LIQUID THEREFROM
    • F26B17/00—Machines or apparatus for drying materials in loose, plastic, or fluidised form, e.g. granules, staple fibres, with progressive movement
    • F26B17/10—Machines or apparatus for drying materials in loose, plastic, or fluidised form, e.g. granules, staple fibres, with progressive movement with movement performed by fluid currents, e.g. issuing from a nozzle, e.g. pneumatic, flash, vortex or entrainment dryers
    • F26B17/101—Machines or apparatus for drying materials in loose, plastic, or fluidised form, e.g. granules, staple fibres, with progressive movement with movement performed by fluid currents, e.g. issuing from a nozzle, e.g. pneumatic, flash, vortex or entrainment dryers the drying enclosure having the shape of one or a plurality of shafts or ducts, e.g. with substantially straight and vertical axis
    • F26B17/102—Machines or apparatus for drying materials in loose, plastic, or fluidised form, e.g. granules, staple fibres, with progressive movement with movement performed by fluid currents, e.g. issuing from a nozzle, e.g. pneumatic, flash, vortex or entrainment dryers the drying enclosure having the shape of one or a plurality of shafts or ducts, e.g. with substantially straight and vertical axis with material recirculation, classifying or disintegrating means
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F27—FURNACES; KILNS; OVENS; RETORTS
    • F27B—FURNACES, KILNS, OVENS, OR RETORTS IN GENERAL; OPEN SINTERING OR LIKE APPARATUS
    • F27B7/00—Rotary-drum furnaces, i.e. horizontal or slightly inclined
    • F27B7/20—Details, accessories, or equipment peculiar to rotary-drum furnaces
    • F27B7/2016—Arrangements of preheating devices for the charge
    • F27B7/2025—Arrangements of preheating devices for the charge consisting of a single string of cyclones
    • F27B7/2033—Arrangements of preheating devices for the charge consisting of a single string of cyclones with means for precalcining the raw material

Definitions

  • the invention relates to a heat exchanger unit for preheating cement raw meal with a riser pipe receiving a hot gas flow, which serves as a mixing chamber for the raw meal supplied via a feed line with the hot gas flow and opens into a cyclone dust collector, which has a discharge line, preferably an immersion pipe, for discharging the above Hot gas flow largely freed from raw meal and has an outlet line for the separated raw meal below.
  • Rotary kilns are in themselves very well suited for the firing of cement clinker, but the processes of preheating and calcining the raw meal in such a rotary kiln are inevitably too slow and too complex, so that efforts are made to preheat and calcine the raw meal as far as possible outside the rotary kiln.
  • so-called calcinators are arranged upstream of the rotary kilns, in which the preheated raw meal is mixed with fuel in order to be able to supply the raw meal with the amount of heat required for expelling the carbon dioxide from the limestone component when the fuel is burned.
  • the hot exhaust gases from these calciners are used to preheat the raw meal, which allows the waste heat to be used accordingly.
  • the preheated cement raw meal is fed to the hot gas flow and mixed with it in order to obtain good heat transfer from the hot gas to the raw meal.
  • the hot gas loaded with the raw meal is then fed via a riser pipe to a cyclone dust collector as raw gas, from which the clean gas is drawn off at the top via an immersion pipe, while the separated raw meal emerges at the bottom via a corresponding line. It is of course not possible to separate the raw meal from the hot gas in a cyclone dust collector.
  • the hot gas stream cleaned except for a residual amount of raw meal is understood. Since the preheating in such a heat exchanger unit is not sufficient, several such heat exchanger units are usually connected in series, the hot gas cleaned from the raw meal from the cyclone dusting device downstream with respect to the raw meal flow being used to heat up the raw meal stream originating from an upstream cyclone dust collector.
  • a riser pipe is connected to the dip tube of the cyclone dust collector, which leads as a raw gas supply line in the respective upstream cyclone dust collector.
  • the outlet line of this cyclone dust collector for the separated raw meal usually ends as a down pipe in the raw gas supply line designed as a riser to the upstream cyclone dust collector, so that the raw meal is gradually heated.
  • the heat transfer from the hot gas to the raw meal occurs mainly in the area of the riser pipes, an intimate mixing between the hot gas flow and the raw meal being sought.
  • the risers therefore form mixing rooms in which this mixture takes place.
  • the efficiency of the known heat exchanger units remains comparatively low, so that several such heat exchanger units have to be connected in series in order to achieve the desired raw meal temperatures.
  • the arrangement of the jet pump ensures that the powdered iron ore does not come to a standstill in any part of the system due to the suction effect generated by the jet pump and is always kept in motion by the gas flow carrying it, so that the material is sintered and baked even at high temperatures Temperature is avoided. Due to the jet pump, a turbulent hot gas flow is again aimed at, which supports the tearing apart of brought together material particles and improves the mixture between the hot gas flow and the good particles. Nevertheless, the heat transfer falls short of expectations.
  • the invention is therefore based on the object of avoiding these deficiencies and of improving a heat exchanger unit of the type described at the outset in such a way that the heat transfer from the hot gas to the raw meal is improved, and a more economical efficiency can thus be ensured.
  • the invention solves the stated problem in that the riser pipe forms a diffuser which adjoins the mixing chamber at the top and converts the hot gas flow into a laminar flow.
  • the invention is based on the knowledge that the turbulent gas flow required for a good mixing of hot gas and raw meal has to be calmed down and converted into a laminar flow in order to create optimal reaction conditions.
  • the hot gas can be converted into a strictly ordered direct current in the diffuser, in which the heat exchange can take place quickly and undisturbed.
  • the laminar flow which is ensured by the diffuser and prevents wall detachment, can therefore actually be seen as a decisive improvement over the conventional heat exchanger units.
  • the shape and dimensioning of the diffuser can be determined very well in advance depending on the expected gas quantities and the temperature profile with the help of the Bernoullian flow equation. Based on the given conditions, it can be assumed that the opening angle of the diffuser can be between 12 and 20 ° without fear of a transition from the laminar flow to a turbulent flow.
  • the riser tube below the mixing chamber can form a nozzle which merges into the mixing chamber and which accelerates it accordingly of the hot gas flow and thus ensures rapid and good mixing of the raw meal with the hot gas in the mixing room.
  • the measure also serves the same purpose, in that the feed pipe of the raw meal, designed as a downpipe, opens into the lower third of the mixing room height.
  • the raw meal is supplied to the hot gas in countercurrent via the feed line and entrained by the hot gas in cocurrent. If the transition area from countercurrent to cocurrent is placed in the lower third of the mixing room height, particularly violent mixing can be ensured without the subsequent calming in the diffuser being endangered.
  • FIG. 1 shows a system for producing cement schematically in the block diagram
  • Fig. 2 shows a heat exchanger unit according to the invention in a simplified longitudinal section.
  • the raw meal to be treated is fed via a line 1 that can be shut off to a multi-stage heat exchanger which consists of three heat exchanger units 2, 3 and 4.
  • the raw meal emerging from the last heat exchanger unit 4 and preheated to approximately 800 to 850 ° C. is fed via a line 5 to a calciner 6, to which fuel can be supplied in order to generate additional quantities of heat.
  • This fuel is mixed with the preheated raw meal in the calciner 6, so that the amount of heat released when the fuel is burned can be released to the raw meal. This initiates the deacidification of the limestone, which ends when a temperature level of about 900 ° C is reached becomes.
  • the raw meal entrained in the hot exhaust gas stream passes from the calciner 6 into a cyclone sprayer 7, from where it is fed to the rotary kiln 8.
  • the hot exhaust gas which has largely been cleaned of the solids, passes from the cyclone sprayer 7 into a riser pipe 9, in which it is mixed with the raw meal originating from the heat exchanger unit 3.
  • the hot gas loaded with the raw meal ends in a cyclone sprayer 10 of the heat exchanger unit 4, from which the hot gas freed from the raw meal in turn is fed to a cyclone sprayer 12 of the heat exchanger unit 3 via a riser pipe 11 in which the hot gas is loaded with the raw meal from the heat exchanger unit 2 .
  • the process is repeated until the cooled hot gas is blown off via a fan 13.
  • the largely pre-calcined raw meal from the cyclone duster 7 is further heated in the rotary kiln 8 to approx. 1400 ° C. in order to initiate the chemical conversion of the raw material components to the clinker minerals, which firing process is exothermic.
  • the fired cement clinker is then cooled in the usual way to approximately ambient temperature, but the usual cooler provided for this purpose is not shown for reasons of clarity.
  • the exhaust gas from the rotary kiln 8 is at least partially passed via a line 14 through the housing 15 of a beater mill 16, in which the fuel supplied to the calciner 6 via a fuel feed 17 is comminuted.
  • the comminuted fuel is captured by the furnace exhaust gas and conveyed from below into the calciner 6, where the fuel is mixed with the raw meal from line 5 in the manner already described.
  • the amount of oxygen required for the combustion of the fuel is covered from the residual oxygen still contained in the furnace exhaust gas and preferably from the oxygen of the cooling air heated during clinker cooling, which can be fed to the calciner 6 via the feed lines 18 and 19.
  • the individual heat exchanger units according to FIG. 2 are designed in a special way, namely that the riser pipe 9, 11 of the individual heat exchanger units forms a diffuser 21, which adjoins the mixing chamber 20 upwards, before it is tangential in the Cyclone duster 10, 12 of the respective heat exchanger unit opens.
  • the raw meal which is fed into the hot gas stream via a feed line 22 designed as a downpipe in the lower third of the mixing space 20 formed by the riser pipe 9, 11 emerges and is intimately mixed with this, is passed with the hot gas flow through the diffuser 21, where the initially turbulent hot gas flow is calmed and converted into a laminar flow, which ensures a particularly good heat exchange between the hot gas and the raw meal.
  • the hot gas loaded with the raw meal passes into the respective cyclone sprayer 10, 12 of the corresponding heat exchanger unit, where the raw meal is separated and discharged via an outlet line which, when several heat exchanger units are connected in series, as feed line 22 of the raw meal into the subsequent heat exchanger unit serves.
  • the hot gas freed from the raw meal is drawn off from the cyclone dust collector via an immersion tube 23 and is used to heat the raw meal in an upstream heat exchanger unit 3.
  • the immersion tube 23 connects to a correspondingly designed riser pipe, in which the feed line 22 for the raw meal again opens .
  • the riser pipe 11 forms a nozzle 24 below the mixing chamber 20, which in the exemplary embodiment represents the transition between the immersion pipe 23 and the mixing chamber 20.
  • the arrangement of the nozzle 24 produces a flow which supports the mixing of hot gas and raw meal without the heat exchange being hindered because after the mixing space 20 the flow in the diffuser 21 is appropriately calmed down.
  • risers 9, 11 run vertically in the drawing, such a course does not necessarily have to be predetermined.
  • the riser pipes could be arranged at an incline and saved on overall height.
  • the feed lines 22 could open tangentially in the mixing space 20.

Landscapes

  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
  • General Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Furnace Details (AREA)
  • Curing Cements, Concrete, And Artificial Stone (AREA)
EP81890016A 1980-04-10 1981-01-27 Wärmetauschereinheit zum Vorwärmen von Zementrohmehl Expired EP0038314B1 (de)

Applications Claiming Priority (2)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
AT193480A AT364303B (de) 1980-04-10 1980-04-10 Waermetauschereinheit zum vorwaermen von zementrohmehl
AT1934/80 1980-04-10

Publications (2)

Publication Number Publication Date
EP0038314A1 EP0038314A1 (de) 1981-10-21
EP0038314B1 true EP0038314B1 (de) 1983-09-21

Family

ID=3524179

Family Applications (1)

Application Number Title Priority Date Filing Date
EP81890016A Expired EP0038314B1 (de) 1980-04-10 1981-01-27 Wärmetauschereinheit zum Vorwärmen von Zementrohmehl

Country Status (4)

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EP (1) EP0038314B1 (da)
AT (1) AT364303B (da)
DE (1) DE3160897D1 (da)
DK (1) DK160281A (da)

Families Citing this family (1)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
DE202016102385U1 (de) * 2016-05-04 2016-05-24 Outotec (Finland) Oy Zyklon und Tauchrohr zur Separation von Partikeln aus einem Gas

Citations (2)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
DE1272324B (de) * 1960-02-08 1968-07-11 Yukio Nogiwa Zyklonenanlage zum Erhitzen von feinkoernigem Gut
DE1508576A1 (de) * 1966-04-13 1969-10-30 Kloeckner Humboldt Deutz Ag Gegenstrom-Querstromwaermetauscher

Family Cites Families (1)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
DE2801161B2 (de) * 1978-01-12 1981-06-25 Babcock Krauss-Maffei Industrieanlagen GmbH, 8000 München Verfahren und Brennen von Sintergut aus karbonatischen Rohstoffen wie z.B. Zementklinker

Patent Citations (2)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
DE1272324B (de) * 1960-02-08 1968-07-11 Yukio Nogiwa Zyklonenanlage zum Erhitzen von feinkoernigem Gut
DE1508576A1 (de) * 1966-04-13 1969-10-30 Kloeckner Humboldt Deutz Ag Gegenstrom-Querstromwaermetauscher

Also Published As

Publication number Publication date
DE3160897D1 (en) 1983-10-27
EP0038314A1 (de) 1981-10-21
DK160281A (da) 1981-10-11
AT364303B (de) 1981-10-12
ATA193480A (de) 1981-02-15

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