EP0025509A1 - Procédé de transmission stéréophonique et moyens pour la mise en oeuvre de ce procédé - Google Patents

Procédé de transmission stéréophonique et moyens pour la mise en oeuvre de ce procédé Download PDF

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Publication number
EP0025509A1
EP0025509A1 EP19800104718 EP80104718A EP0025509A1 EP 0025509 A1 EP0025509 A1 EP 0025509A1 EP 19800104718 EP19800104718 EP 19800104718 EP 80104718 A EP80104718 A EP 80104718A EP 0025509 A1 EP0025509 A1 EP 0025509A1
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EP
European Patent Office
Prior art keywords
transmission
signals
frequency
head
filter
Prior art date
Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
Granted
Application number
EP19800104718
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German (de)
English (en)
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EP0025509B1 (fr
Inventor
Peter Schöne
Helmut Lamparter
Jürgen Oelmann
Current Assignee (The listed assignees may be inaccurate. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation or warranty as to the accuracy of the list.)
SCHOENE, PETER, DR.-ING.
Original Assignee
Schone Peter Dr-Ing
Priority date (The priority date is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the date listed.)
Filing date
Publication date
Priority claimed from DE19792932330 external-priority patent/DE2932330A1/de
Priority claimed from DE19792944851 external-priority patent/DE2944851C2/de
Priority claimed from DE19803001007 external-priority patent/DE3001007C2/de
Priority claimed from DE19803003852 external-priority patent/DE3003852C2/de
Application filed by Schone Peter Dr-Ing filed Critical Schone Peter Dr-Ing
Priority to AT80104718T priority Critical patent/ATE5458T1/de
Publication of EP0025509A1 publication Critical patent/EP0025509A1/fr
Application granted granted Critical
Publication of EP0025509B1 publication Critical patent/EP0025509B1/fr
Expired legal-status Critical Current

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    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H04—ELECTRIC COMMUNICATION TECHNIQUE
    • H04S—STEREOPHONIC SYSTEMS 
    • H04S1/00—Two-channel systems
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H04—ELECTRIC COMMUNICATION TECHNIQUE
    • H04R—LOUDSPEAKERS, MICROPHONES, GRAMOPHONE PICK-UPS OR LIKE ACOUSTIC ELECTROMECHANICAL TRANSDUCERS; DEAF-AID SETS; PUBLIC ADDRESS SYSTEMS
    • H04R5/00—Stereophonic arrangements
    • H04R5/027—Spatial or constructional arrangements of microphones, e.g. in dummy heads

Definitions

  • the invention relates to a stereophonic transmission method by means of a dummy head and a headphone and to a stereophonic transmission system for carrying out the method.
  • head-mounted transmission systems include a dummy head at the beginning of the transmission chain and headphones at the end of the transmission chain.
  • the following embodiment has found its way into practice: At the location of the photograph there is an artificial head which emulates the entire acoustic conditions on a natural head as well as possible (for example an artificial head according to DE-PS 19 27 401), i.
  • the microphone signals of this artificial head should correspond as closely as possible to the ear signals of a natural head.
  • These microphone signals are recorded on a sound carrier (e.g., record, tape) and / or transmitted on a transmission link (e.g., stereophonic broadcasting channel). Playback is via standard headphones.
  • a sound carrier e.g., record, tape
  • a transmission link e.g., stereophonic broadcasting channel
  • the advantages of the invention are that the proposed artificial head recording technique can be used to a much greater extent than before due to their unrestricted compatibility with space-based recording technology. Secondly, the reproducibility is greatly increased because the stereosimals transmitted at the interface between the recording and reproduction sides are unrestrictedly loud speaker reproduction, ie for the type of reproduction that is most widespread. Third, customization makes headphone playback much more natural. Fourth, the transmission characteristics of the involved transmission elements can be standardized and matched to one another in a simple manner. Overall, the invention allows faithful transmission of sound events, ie a transmission that records and reproduces the sound events at the same time, true to the original, as well as without disturbing intrinsic noises.
  • the basic approach of head-related stereophony is that the natural spatial hearing should be reproduced with the help of a dummy head and a headphone.
  • the aim is to produce the same ear signals in the auditory canal of a subject by means of the head-related stereophony, as they would occur in natural hearing, if the head of the Subject should be located directly on the location of the artificial head.
  • the head-related stereophonic movement results in a spatial imaging of sound sources of a quality not previously achieved by any other stereophonic technique.
  • the first prerequisite is already well met in the current state of the art (see, for example, the KU 80 artificial head manufactured and sold by Neumann GmbH, Berlin). By replicating the geometry of the head, neck and pinna and by coupling two microphones in the ear canals, two micropreserved signals are obtained whose directional differences are in good agreement with the directional interaural differences of a middle listener.
  • the second condition is not yet satisfactory Fulfills. Comparing the natural hearing with artificial head stereophony of the prior art with respect to the ear signals in the auditory canal of the listener, significant deviations are shown. These deviations are very clearly audible and lead to aberrations regarding the timbre and the localization of sound sources. This applies to the same extent / frontal and lateral sound incidence. The reason for this lies in the combination of the transfer functions of headphones and artificial head.
  • the headset used in its transfer function complies with the requirements of DIN 45500 for high-quality headphones.
  • Such a free field-distorted headset in the auditory canal of a subject produces the same ear signals as a loudspeaker with frequency-independent transmission function, which is a few meters in front of the subject.
  • the headphone has the same transmission function as the external human ear.
  • the free-field corrected headphones thus simulate the outer ear function for frontal sound incidence.
  • the invention provides remedy by the first characterizing feature of claim 1.
  • a suitable for carrying out the method according to the invention filter arrangement results from the claim 3.
  • Particularly advantageous embodiments of the filter assembly according to claim 3 are characterized in claim 4.
  • the artificial head is compensated in opposite directions, so that the Obertragungsfunktion the entire receiving side dummy head assembly A, including the microphones A1 with downstream filter assembly A2 frequency independent for frontal sound incidence.
  • the subject has a largely natural listening experience due to the outer ear carrying capacity of the free field equalized headphone.
  • Another advantage is that the freehand matched (equalized) artificial head signals by means of the method according to the invention impart a greatly improved hearing impression even when reproduced by means of loudspeakers, as could be ascertained by practical experiments.
  • Fig. 2 the frequency response of the Obertragungsmasses is shown to illustrate the problem already outlined above for a balfeldeldzerrten headphones and in Fig. 3 for a dummy head type KU 80 Neumann GmbH, Berlin respectively.
  • the Oberferung underlying der.Erfindung is now to compensate for the frequency response of the artificial head for frontal sound incidence in opposite directions by means of a filter assembly, as indicated in Fig. 3 with the dashed curve.
  • this measure is in the Obertragungskette of artificial head headphones for frontal Sound incidence only the reproduced by the headphone frequency response of the free field transmission of the outer ear of FIG. 2 effectively, so that the subject has a largely natural hearing.
  • filter arrangement consists of the chain connection of a bandpass 10 and two bandstops 20, 30, wherein the circuit components 10, 20 and 30 are separated by vertical dashed Lienien.
  • the bandpass filter 10 and the band-stop filters 20, 30 are in the form of bridge T-links.
  • the transverse branch of the bandpass filter 10 comprises a parallel resonant circuit with an inductance L 1 , a capacitance C 1 and a resistor R 1 , further comprising a series resistor R 2 .
  • the bridge branch of the bandpass 10 comprises a series resonant circuit with an inductance L 3 , a capacitance C 3 and a resistor R 3 , and a parallel resistor R 4 .
  • the longitudinal branch of the bandpass 10 comprises two ohmic resistors R. This also applies to the longitudinal branches of the two band-stop filters 20 and 30 in the same way.
  • the shunt branch comprises a series resonant circuit with an inductance L 5 , a capacitance C 5 and an ohmic resistance R 5 .
  • the bridge branch of the band-stop filter 20 comprises a parallel resonant circuit with an inductance L 6 , a capacitance C 6 and an ohmic resistance R 6 .
  • the shunt branch comprises a series resonant circuit with an inductance L 7 , a capacitance C 7 and an ohmic resistance R 7 .
  • the bridge branch of the band-stop filter 30 comprises a parallel resonant circuit with an inductance L 8 , a capacitance C 8 and a resistor R 8 .
  • the input 11 of the filter arrangement according to FIG. 4 is preceded by an ohmic resistance Rg for impedance matching.
  • a practically realized filter arrangement according to FIG. 4 had a switch-on attenuation of 37 dB for a broadband signal. Due to the exclusive use of passive components, the filter arrangement according to FIG. 4 shows practically no intrinsic noise.
  • the mode of operation of the filter arrangement according to FIG. 4 is best seen from the frequency response according to FIG. 3 (dashed curve).
  • the bandpass 10 causes the increase in the frequency response at 10 kHz, while the band-stop filters 20, 30 cause the reductions at 1.4 kHz and 4.2 kHz.
  • the modified method takes into account the frequency dependence of the headphone in that the amplitude frequency response of the matching filter is inverse to the sum of the free field transmission dimensions of the artificial head and the headphone.
  • Fig. 5 the different frequency responses of headphones with frequency-dependent and frequenzunabhangigem free field transmission measure are shown for illustrative purposes.
  • the sum of this frequency response and the frequency response of a dummy head type KU 80 Neumann GmbH, Berlin results in the frequency response shown in Fig. 6 with a solid line.
  • the underlying underlying assumption now consists in compensating this frequency response sum of artificial head and headphone in opposite directions with the aid of a filter arrangement, as indicated in FIG. 5 by the dashed curve.
  • the frequency response of the free field transmission rate of the outer ear becomes effective in the transmission chain from artificial head to headphone for frontal sound incidence, so that the listener has a largely natural hearing impression.
  • the filter arrangement shown in Fig. 4 is also suitable.
  • the task of achieving an improvement of the signal-to-noise ratio in the method according to the invention is achieved by the first characterizing feature of claim 1.
  • microphones which have a resonance point in the frequency range between 5 and 12 kHz. This may be electret microphones or condenser microphones.
  • a passive bandstop filter can be used for the filter arrangement for screening the remaining top elevations. All components, such as amplifiers, filters and power supply can be installed in an advantageous manner in the artificial head, whereby a simple, clear handling is achieved.
  • the curve shown in Fig. 7 shows the frequency response of a known electret microphone, which has a resonance peak in the range between 2 and 12 kHz. The point of resonance is chosen so that it fits the particular artificial head used.
  • Fig. 8 When installing two, in Fig.? with their frequency response illustrated electret microphones in an artificial head results in the drawn in Fig. 8 in solid line frequency response of the free field transmission for frontal sound incidence. As can be seen from this, this frequency response has essentially only an upper elevation with a maximum at about 4 kHz. The harmonics following this elevation in both directions are negligible rbar.
  • the elevation shown can be sieved off with the aid of a filter arrangement which has the frequency response shown in FIG. 8 with a dashed line.
  • a suitable filter arrangement for example, is the passive bandstop filter illustrated in FIG. 9, which has a T-branch and a bridge branch as well as a series-connected series resistor and a downstream parallel resistor for resistance matching.
  • the T branch comprises in its longitudinal section two series resistors R and in its transverse section a serial resistor R damped series LC circuit.
  • the bridge branch of the filter arrangement according to FIG. 9 consists of a parallel LC circuit damped by a parallel resistor R.
  • a signal branch for processing a stereo L or R signal is shown, which consists of the ladder circuit of a microphone 20, a high-pass filter 30, an operational amplifier 40 and the filter assembly 10.
  • the microphone 20 is an electret microphone with a frequency response according to FIG. 7 or a condenser microphone with a comparable frequency response.
  • the inverting input of the operational amplifier 40 is connected to set the amplification factor with a series resistor R 1 .
  • the amplifier output is over a negative feedback resistor R 2 to the inverting input of the operational amplifier 40 ge g closely coupled.
  • a filter assembly 10 for example, the embodiment shown in Fig. 9 with a passive bandstop into consideration.
  • stereophonic microphone arrangements of various types can be used, eg coincidence stereomicrophone and Laufzeitstereomikrofon, which is common that the distance between the two microphones to each other small compared to the distance of the Mikrophonan Regulation of the Sound sources is.
  • a li and A re are the free-field transfer functions of the left and right microphone, respectively, which generally depend on the frequency f, the side angle f to a reference direction and the elevation angle d over the horizontal plane.
  • the microphone directivity (f, ⁇ , ⁇ ) is independent of the distance of the sound sources if, as required, the distance of the sound sources is large compared to the dimensions of the microphone array.
  • the stereophonic loudspeaker arrangements for reproducing spatially related stereophonic signals have in common that the distance between the two loudspeakers to the listener location is large compared to the head diameter of the listener and the loudspeaker dimensions. Of practical importance are speaker sets which are median symmetric with respect to the head position of the listener and have a base width of several meters with a base angle of about 60 °.
  • the effect of such stereophonic loudspeaker arrangements at the listener location can generally be described by the free-motion transfer function C i (f) and C 2 (f) and by the setup direction ( ⁇ 1 , ⁇ 1 ) and ( ⁇ 2 , ⁇ 2 ) of the two loudspeakers.
  • ⁇ 1 and ⁇ 2 are the side angles to a reference direction
  • ⁇ 1 and ⁇ 2 are the elevation angles above the horizontal plane respectively for the first and second loudspeakers relative to the listener location.
  • the microphone signals of only two microphones are converted by means of a decoupling during recording so that when reproduced loudspeaker of the converted signals reproduced sound event corresponds to the original, spatially distributed sound event sound, time and direction.
  • the cost of the two microphones and the decoupling arrangement is compared to the aforementioned recording device with additional support microphones and multi-channel mixing consoles much lower, the reproduced with the device according to the invention reproduction quality compared to this prior art is at least equal and even better, as been shown by practical tests h a t. This is especially true when the two microphones are arranged in an artificial head because the stereophonic signals then contain the natural spatial information.
  • the device according to FIG. 11 comprises on the receiving side two microphones 20, 30, the signals of which are fed to the inputs M li and M re of a decoupling arrangement 10.
  • the decoupled signals at the outputs L 1 , L 2 of the arrangement 10 can be recorded on a suitable, two-channel sound carrier or sent via separate Rundfunktonkanäle.
  • two speakers 40, 50 adopted.denen for spatially based stereophonic reproduction transmission members are for the two or Obertragungs-, sound channels 80 and 90 may be provided upstream to obtain a frequency-based and time-independent Schallwandlun g.
  • the loudspeakers 40, 50 have the azimuth angles ⁇ 1 and ⁇ 2 and the elevation angles C 1 and ⁇ 2 , respectively, with respect to the head 100 of a listener. Furthermore, with respect to the two microphones 20, 30, the general case is the sound pickup of a sound source S with a sound incidence direction ( ⁇ , ⁇ ) with respect to a dash-dotted line, arbitrary reference direction and the case of two sound sources S 1 and S 2 with the specific sound incidence directions ( ⁇ 1 , ⁇ 1 ) and ( ⁇ 2 , ⁇ 2 ) in Figure 11 illustrates ,
  • the decoupling arrangement 10 comprises four special transmission elements 15-18 whose transmission functions will be explained in more detail below.
  • the Obertragungsglieder 15-18 are interconnected in the form of an inverse filter, wherein the Obertragungsglied 15 are arranged in the longitudinal branch 11 of the left transmission channel and the Obertragungsglied 16 in the longitudinal branch of the right Dbertragungskanals. Between the inputs M li and M re and the Obertragungsgliedern 15 and 16, respectively, a subtraction element 13 and 14 is provided.
  • the negative input of the subtraction t3 is connected via the transmission member 18 to the output of the transmission element 16 and the output L 2 in the sense of a reverse negative feedback, while the negative input of the subtraction element 13 via the transmission member 17 to the output of the Obertragungsgliedes 15 and the output L 1 is connected in the sense of a reverse negative feedback.
  • table t indicates the transfer function [F] of the decoupling arrangement.
  • the microphone arrays are medially symmetric, so that the descriptive arrays are therefore symmetrical with respect to the major diagonal.
  • the generalized embodiment of a decoupling arrangement in the left and right Obertra- g ungskanälen M li, L 1 and M re, L 2 before and after the designated here with 10 *, "reduced" decoupling assembly further Obertragungsglieder 61, 7t and 72, respectively.
  • the transfer functions of these further transfer elements 61, 71, 62, 72, nämli.ch D li (f), E (f), D re (f) and E 2 (f) contain split-off parts of the total transfer function [F] of the decoupling arrangement 10 according to FIG.
  • the term "reduced" decoupling arrangement accordingly means the remainder of the decoupling arrangement 10 according to FIG.
  • the decoupling arrangement 10 according to FIG. 11 and the reduced decoupling arrangement 10 * according to FIG. 12 only differ by the respective transfer function of the transfer elements 15 to 18, as will be explained in detail below:
  • the transmission elements 61, 62 arranged in front of the inputs of the reduced decoupling network arrangement 10 * with the transfer function [F *] have the transfer function whereas the transmission elements 71, 72 indicated behind the outputs of the reduced decoupling arrangement 10 * have the transfer function have.
  • the reduced decoupling arrangement 10 * then has the transfer function [F *]:
  • Table 2 contains the seven possible simplifications of the decoupling arrangement 60, t0 * , 70 of Fig. 12, which arise by setting certain pairs of transfer functions equal.
  • the first row of Table 2 contains the case of the decoupling arrangement 10 shown in FIG. 1, which is distinguished by the fact that all the transfer units 61, 71, 62, 72 upstream and downstream of the decoupling arrangement have the transfer function one. All decoupling arrangements according to Table 12 are equivalent in terms of the transfer function [F], but not with regard to the structural design,
  • This part of the invention relates to a circuit arrangement for adapting a raam giveaway stereophonic program signal to a headphone, as it is known as such.
  • Circuit arrangements of this type aim to simulate the direct sound through two stereo speakers, so as to produce when using headphones the same auditory events as when using speakers.
  • the circuit arrangement according to the first approach has the same circuit structure as described in DE-OS 20 07 623 (see Fig.13a) and consists of four before the summing points arranged transmission elements 1 and 2 and two delay elements 3.
  • a significant circuit simplification can be achieved in that the transmission member 1 emulates exactly half of the interaural level difference as a level increase on the facing ear, while the Mattertiagungsglied 2 emulates the other half of the interaural level difference as a drop in level at the opposite ear.
  • half the interaural level difference agrees very well with the monaural transmission measures. Therefore, this circuitry can be operated without audible tone color error along with a free field equalized headphone, i. the circuit arrangement is compatible with any headphone, the free field transmission according to DIN 45500 is independent of frequency.
  • the exact localization is ensured by the exact replica of the interaural level difference (FIG. 14) and the interaural transit time difference (FIG. 15).
  • the simplification of the circuit arrangement is made possible by the fact that the transmission functions of the transmission elements 1 and 2 are now reciprocal to each other. Therefore, the transmission elements 1 and 2 can be constructed very similarly, as illustrated with reference to FIG. 16.
  • the transmission elements 1 and 2 are realized by multistage (preferably four-stage) second order resonant circuits.
  • Fig. 16 shows the schematic diagram of such a stage in which the resonant circuit is constructed in active RC technique.
  • the network contains the ohmic resistors R x and Ry, the interchanging reverses the functions of the bandpass and the bandstop filter.
  • the multi-stage resonant circuit contains two adjustable capacitive or mechanical impedances Z which determine the resonant frequency of the circuit. By adjusting these impedances, the amount of transmission of the multi-stage resonant circuit can be adjusted to half the interaural level difference of the individual listener.
  • delay elements 3 consisting of a chain circuit of all-pass members second order.
  • four of the resonant circuits shown in FIG. 18 are provided as the delay element 3.
  • Their frequency-dependent transit time together with the frequency-dependent transit time difference of the first and second transmission element 1 and 2 forms the individual, frequency-dependent transit time difference of the hearing of a particular listener for the sound incidence direction 30 °.
  • Measurement of the interaural transfer function can be accomplished by known measurement techniques (e.g., U.S. Patent No. 4,143,244) and optimization of the filters by known optimization techniques.
  • a further simplification of the circuit arrangement results from the second approach (claim 12 and 13, Fig.17).
  • the entire interaural transfer function is modeled in the respective transverse branch.
  • band-stop filters By the chain switching of four of the resonant circuits shown in FIG. 18 as band-stop filters, both the frequency-dependent interaural level difference (FIG. 14) and the frequency-dependent inreraural transit-time difference (FIG. 15) can be simulated simultaneously.
  • a band-stop filter according to FIG. 18 can either be minimal-phase or (with the same amplitude frequency response) additional generate runtimes.
  • Each band-stop filter is determined by three independent parameters (eg, resistors R 1 , R 2, and R 3 ), so that twelve independent parameters are available for simulating the individual interaural difference in four resonant circuits.
  • This simplified circuit arrangement is so small and light that it can be installed in the bracket of a headphone.
  • To avoid localization errors in the median plane of the connected to the Wegangsanowski transducer of the headphone has no frequency-independent free field transmission, but shown in Fig.19 in solid line frequency-dependent free-field transmission G F.
  • the frequency response of the Wanaler is thus inverse to the frequency response of the circuit arrangement in the case of a frontal Hörereignisses.
  • the output signals are subject to the frequency response shown in dashed lines in FIG. 19 (comb filter effect) because of the cross-coupling.
  • the free field transmission rate of the entire headphone arrangement (circuit arrangement plus converter) is frequency-independent and corresponds to DIN 45500.
  • the display devices described in the two approaches are suitable for reproducing all spatial stereo signals, ie in particular such stereo signals of an artificial head A, which have been converted for reasons of compatibility by a decoupling filter B in space-related stereo signals.

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  • Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Acoustics & Sound (AREA)
  • Signal Processing (AREA)
  • Stereophonic System (AREA)
EP19800104718 1979-08-09 1980-08-11 Procédé de transmission stéréophonique et moyens pour la mise en oeuvre de ce procédé Expired EP0025509B1 (fr)

Priority Applications (1)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
AT80104718T ATE5458T1 (de) 1979-08-09 1980-08-11 Stereophones uebertragungsverfahren und mittel zur durchfuehrung des verfahrens.

Applications Claiming Priority (8)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
DE2932330 1979-08-09
DE19792932330 DE2932330A1 (de) 1979-08-09 1979-08-09 Verfahren und filteranordnung zum stereophonen aufnehmen von schallsignalen mittels eines kunstkopfes
DE19792944851 DE2944851C2 (de) 1979-11-07 1979-11-07 Anordnung zur Aufnahme stereophoner Tonsignale
DE2944851 1979-11-07
DE3001007 1980-01-12
DE19803001007 DE3001007C2 (de) 1980-01-12 1980-01-12 Einrichtung zum Aufnehmen stereophoner Signale
DE19803003852 DE3003852C2 (de) 1980-02-02 1980-02-02 Anordnung zur Aufnahme stereophoner Tonsignale
DE3003852 1980-02-02

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Publication Number Publication Date
EP0025509A1 true EP0025509A1 (fr) 1981-03-25
EP0025509B1 EP0025509B1 (fr) 1983-11-23

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DE (1) DE3131730A1 (fr)

Cited By (5)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
DE3131730A1 (de) * 1979-08-09 1982-07-22 Kronester, Walter, Dipl.-Ing., 8000 München Raumbezogene entzerrung bei der uebertragung von kunstkopfsignalen
EP0057287A1 (fr) * 1981-01-29 1982-08-11 Georg Neumann GmbH Dispositif pour l'enregistrement et/ou la transformation de signaux stéréophoniques
WO1988007803A1 (fr) * 1987-03-21 1988-10-06 Head Stereo Gmbh Kopfbezogene Aufnahme- Und Wieder Dispositif de filtrage de signaux acoustiques
WO1990000851A1 (fr) * 1988-07-08 1990-01-25 Adaptive Control Limited Ameliorations apportees a des systemes de reproduction du son
EP0554031A1 (fr) * 1992-01-29 1993-08-04 GOVERNMENT OF THE UNITED STATES OF AMERICA as represented by THE ADMINISTRATOR OF THE NATIONAL AERONAUTICS AND SPACE ADM. Pseudo-stéréophonie avec fonction de transfert se rapportant à la tête artificielle (HRTF)

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FR621048A (fr) * 1926-09-02 1927-05-04 Materiel Telephonique Perfectionnements dans les systèmes téléphoniques bi-auriculaires
DE2007623A1 (de) * 1970-02-19 1971-09-02 Lensing J Anordnung zur Umwandlung elektroakusti scher intensitatsstereophoner Informa tionen in kopfbezughche intensitats + laufzeitstereophone Informationen
DE2548597A1 (de) * 1974-10-31 1976-05-06 Sony Corp Stereo-mikrofonanlage
US3985960A (en) * 1975-03-03 1976-10-12 Bell Telephone Laboratories, Incorporated Stereophonic sound reproduction with acoustically matched receiver units effecting flat frequency response at a listener's eardrums
DE2627437A1 (de) * 1975-06-20 1977-05-12 Victor Company Of Japan Quadrophoniesystem
US4136260A (en) * 1976-05-20 1979-01-23 Trio Kabushiki Kaisha Out-of-head localized sound reproduction system for headphone
GB2003706A (en) * 1977-08-29 1979-03-14 Victor Company Of Japan Audio signal translation for loudspeaker and headphone sound reproduction

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JPS5280001A (en) * 1975-12-26 1977-07-05 Victor Co Of Japan Ltd Binaural system
DE2944851C2 (de) * 1979-11-07 1986-06-12 Kronester, Walter, Dipl.-Ing., 8000 München Anordnung zur Aufnahme stereophoner Tonsignale
DE3001007C2 (de) * 1980-01-12 1984-04-26 Kronester, Walter, Dipl.-Ing., 8000 München Einrichtung zum Aufnehmen stereophoner Signale
DE2932330A1 (de) * 1979-08-09 1981-02-19 Inst Rundfunktechnik Gmbh Verfahren und filteranordnung zum stereophonen aufnehmen von schallsignalen mittels eines kunstkopfes
EP0025509B1 (fr) * 1979-08-09 1983-11-23 Schöne, Peter, Dr.-Ing. Procédé de transmission stéréophonique et moyens pour la mise en oeuvre de ce procédé
DE3003852C2 (de) * 1980-02-02 1986-05-15 Kronester, Walter, Dipl.-Ing., 8000 München Anordnung zur Aufnahme stereophoner Tonsignale

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FR621048A (fr) * 1926-09-02 1927-05-04 Materiel Telephonique Perfectionnements dans les systèmes téléphoniques bi-auriculaires
DE2007623A1 (de) * 1970-02-19 1971-09-02 Lensing J Anordnung zur Umwandlung elektroakusti scher intensitatsstereophoner Informa tionen in kopfbezughche intensitats + laufzeitstereophone Informationen
DE2548597A1 (de) * 1974-10-31 1976-05-06 Sony Corp Stereo-mikrofonanlage
US3985960A (en) * 1975-03-03 1976-10-12 Bell Telephone Laboratories, Incorporated Stereophonic sound reproduction with acoustically matched receiver units effecting flat frequency response at a listener's eardrums
DE2627437A1 (de) * 1975-06-20 1977-05-12 Victor Company Of Japan Quadrophoniesystem
US4136260A (en) * 1976-05-20 1979-01-23 Trio Kabushiki Kaisha Out-of-head localized sound reproduction system for headphone
GB2003706A (en) * 1977-08-29 1979-03-14 Victor Company Of Japan Audio signal translation for loudspeaker and headphone sound reproduction

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Title
ACUSTICA, Band 41, 1978, Stuttgart, DE, M. KLEINER: "Problems in the design and use of "Dummy-Heads", Seiten 183-193 * Seite 187, rechte Spalte, Zeilen 3-32; Seite 188, rechte Spalte, Zeile 28 bis Seite 190 rechte Spalte, Zeile 4; Abbildungen 13,14 * *
AUDIO, Band 60, Heft 5, Mai 1976, Philadelphia, US, G.A. NELSON: "Build a Binaural mike set", Seiten 34-37 * Seite 34, linke Spalte, Zeilen 1-11; Seite 36, linke Spalte, Zeilen 21-30; Seite 38, rechte Spalte, Zeilen 12-15, 51-55; Abbildung 5 * *
FUNKSCHAU, Band 46, Heft 9, April 1974, Munchen, DE, H.J. GRIESE et al.: "Kopf-Stereomikrofon fur Amateure", Seiten 305-308 * Seite 306, linke Spalte, Zeile 11 bis rechte Spalte, Zeile 27; Abbildungen 3, 4 * *
FUNKSCHAU, Band 49, Heft 10, 1977, Munchen, DE, T. INOUE: "Lokalisierung von Schallereignissen - biphones/quadro-biphones Verfahren", Seiten 433-434 und 443-444 * Seite 434, rechte Spalte, Zeilen 38-48; Seite 443, linke Spalte, Zeile 1 bis rechte Spalte, Zeile 12; Abbildungen 4, 5, 11 * *
FUNKSCHAU, Band 52, Heft 9, April 1980, Munchen, DE, P. SCHONE: "Kopfbezogene Stereofonie", Seiten 79-84 * Insgesamt * *
NATIONAL TECHNICAL REPORT, Band 22, Heft 4, August 1976, Osaka, JP, T. GOTOH: "Sound images localization controlling technique", Seiten 460-466 * Abbildungen 8, 9 * *

Cited By (5)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
DE3131730A1 (de) * 1979-08-09 1982-07-22 Kronester, Walter, Dipl.-Ing., 8000 München Raumbezogene entzerrung bei der uebertragung von kunstkopfsignalen
EP0057287A1 (fr) * 1981-01-29 1982-08-11 Georg Neumann GmbH Dispositif pour l'enregistrement et/ou la transformation de signaux stéréophoniques
WO1988007803A1 (fr) * 1987-03-21 1988-10-06 Head Stereo Gmbh Kopfbezogene Aufnahme- Und Wieder Dispositif de filtrage de signaux acoustiques
WO1990000851A1 (fr) * 1988-07-08 1990-01-25 Adaptive Control Limited Ameliorations apportees a des systemes de reproduction du son
EP0554031A1 (fr) * 1992-01-29 1993-08-04 GOVERNMENT OF THE UNITED STATES OF AMERICA as represented by THE ADMINISTRATOR OF THE NATIONAL AERONAUTICS AND SPACE ADM. Pseudo-stéréophonie avec fonction de transfert se rapportant à la tête artificielle (HRTF)

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