EP0021252B1 - Antenne radar du type pillbox avec antenne d'interrogation IFF intégrée - Google Patents
Antenne radar du type pillbox avec antenne d'interrogation IFF intégrée Download PDFInfo
- Publication number
- EP0021252B1 EP0021252B1 EP80103252A EP80103252A EP0021252B1 EP 0021252 B1 EP0021252 B1 EP 0021252B1 EP 80103252 A EP80103252 A EP 80103252A EP 80103252 A EP80103252 A EP 80103252A EP 0021252 B1 EP0021252 B1 EP 0021252B1
- Authority
- EP
- European Patent Office
- Prior art keywords
- radar
- iff
- antenna
- radar antenna
- plate
- Prior art date
- Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
- Expired
Links
- 230000005855 radiation Effects 0.000 claims description 29
- 238000010168 coupling process Methods 0.000 claims description 13
- 238000005859 coupling reaction Methods 0.000 claims description 13
- 230000015572 biosynthetic process Effects 0.000 claims description 3
- 239000003989 dielectric material Substances 0.000 claims description 3
- 239000006096 absorbing agent Substances 0.000 claims description 2
- 239000004020 conductor Substances 0.000 claims description 2
- 238000000576 coating method Methods 0.000 claims 1
- 238000001816 cooling Methods 0.000 claims 1
- 230000005684 electric field Effects 0.000 claims 1
- 230000010287 polarization Effects 0.000 description 16
- 230000008878 coupling Effects 0.000 description 9
- 230000001629 suppression Effects 0.000 description 2
- 230000007704 transition Effects 0.000 description 2
- 238000006243 chemical reaction Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000005284 excitation Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000002349 favourable effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000005484 gravity Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000007493 shaping process Methods 0.000 description 1
- 125000006850 spacer group Chemical group 0.000 description 1
Images
Classifications
-
- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01Q—ANTENNAS, i.e. RADIO AERIALS
- H01Q19/00—Combinations of primary active antenna elements and units with secondary devices, e.g. with quasi-optical devices, for giving the antenna a desired directional characteristic
- H01Q19/10—Combinations of primary active antenna elements and units with secondary devices, e.g. with quasi-optical devices, for giving the antenna a desired directional characteristic using reflecting surfaces
- H01Q19/12—Combinations of primary active antenna elements and units with secondary devices, e.g. with quasi-optical devices, for giving the antenna a desired directional characteristic using reflecting surfaces wherein the surfaces are concave
- H01Q19/13—Combinations of primary active antenna elements and units with secondary devices, e.g. with quasi-optical devices, for giving the antenna a desired directional characteristic using reflecting surfaces wherein the surfaces are concave the primary radiating source being a single radiating element, e.g. a dipole, a slot, a waveguide termination
- H01Q19/138—Parallel-plate feeds, e.g. pill-box, cheese aerials
-
- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01Q—ANTENNAS, i.e. RADIO AERIALS
- H01Q25/00—Antennas or antenna systems providing at least two radiating patterns
- H01Q25/02—Antennas or antenna systems providing at least two radiating patterns providing sum and difference patterns
-
- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01Q—ANTENNAS, i.e. RADIO AERIALS
- H01Q5/00—Arrangements for simultaneous operation of antennas on two or more different wavebands, e.g. dual-band or multi-band arrangements
- H01Q5/40—Imbricated or interleaved structures; Combined or electromagnetically coupled arrangements, e.g. comprising two or more non-connected fed radiating elements
- H01Q5/45—Imbricated or interleaved structures; Combined or electromagnetically coupled arrangements, e.g. comprising two or more non-connected fed radiating elements using two or more feeds in association with a common reflecting, diffracting or refracting device
Definitions
- Primary radar and IFF antennas can be constructed separately, e.g. as pillbox antenna and IFF beam antenna, and then combine them spatially one above the other.
- a beam antenna with a series-fed radar antenna and an integrated IFF beam is also known.
- the disadvantage of a series fed radar antenna, e.g. a waveguide slot antenna consists in the narrow band and in particular in the frequency dependence of the main beam direction.
- a pillbox antenna for primary radar with an integrated IFF antenna is known, which is attached in the interior of the pillbox antenna in a specially preferred area in the radiation direction in the form of radiating elements in front of a polarizing grating acting as a reflector wall.
- the IFF emitters thus have no external reflection at the cylindrical parabolic reflector of the pillbox antenna. Because of the IFF radiator stem, the overall antenna, which is low and therefore suitable for placement on vehicles, is longer than a conventional pillbox antenna.
- the object of the invention which relates to a radar antenna with an integrated IFF antenna of the type mentioned at the outset, is to make such an antenna shorter and, at the same time, to achieve optimum radiation properties in the horizontal plane within a larger frequency bandwidth.
- this object is achieved in that between the two plates there is also a metallic intermediate plate running parallel to these two plates, but not reaching as far as the cylindrical parabolic reflector, so that two are known in the manner of a double-deck pillbox antenna known per se
- Both sides of this intermediate plate result in plate interspaces between which there is a radiation connection via a device for deflecting the radiation provided along the cylindrical parabolic reflector, both the radar signal primary radiator and the device for radiation coupling of the IFF signal being arranged in the one plate interspace. while the other plate gap opens to the antenna aperture.
- a simple pillbox antenna is formed by a cylindrical parabolic reflector and two metallic plates that run perpendicular to and parallel to one another and have a spacing of less than one wavelength. The feed takes place at the focal line. A fan-shaped radiation lobe is created.
- the double-deck (folded) pillbox antenna known per se for example from US-A-2 638 546, has the advantage that the aperture is not partially shadowed by the primary radiator.
- the double-decker pillbox antenna consists of a cylindrical parabolic reflector 1 and two mutually parallel, mutually parallel metallic plates 2 and 3 with an intermediate plate 4, which however does not extend to the parabolic reflector 1.
- the intermediate plate 4 runs parallel to the two plates 2 and 3.
- a radar signal primary radiator 7 in the plate space 6 arranged.
- the radar signal primary radiator 7 can be designed, for example, as an open waveguide or as a small horn radiator, for example a deflecting horn radiator, as in FIG. 1.
- the radar signal coming from a feeder 8 is thus coupled into the lower plate space 6 via the primary radiator 7.
- the radiation transition from the lower plate space 6 into the upper space 5 takes place in the arrangement according to FIG. 1 with the aid of two 45 ° bevels 9 and 10 in the cross-sectional contour of the cylindrical parabolic reflector 1.
- the transition can also be made by a simple slot between the intermediate plate 4 and the cylindrical parabolic reflector 1.
- the intermediate plate 4 is fastened in a holder 11 made of dielectric material and running along the cylindrical parabolic reflector 1.
- Such a mounting of the intermediate plate 4 may be preferable to the use of discrete spacer pins, since disturbing inhomogeneity points can arise when using such pins.
- a funnel-shaped opening 12 is provided in front of the aperture 20 of the upper intermediate space 5 in order to enable the desired vertical bundling chen.
- the intermediate space can be held by a support 21 made of dielectric material, which can also serve as a climatic seal.
- IFF coupling takes place on both sides of the deflection horn 7 and thus also the pillbox parabolic focal line by means of two radiators 13 and 14.
- the vertical polarization of these two IFF radiators 13 and 14 is in any case spreadable and horizontal horizontal or vertical primary radar polarization can also easily go to the floor above, ie be redirected into the intermediate space 5.
- the IFF coupling takes place through the extended inner conductor of two coaxial lines and must be adjusted due to its short extension relative to the wavelength.
- the emitters 13 and 14 serving for IFF coupling can be offset somewhat from one another in the transverse direction, so that the distances between these coupling emitters 13 and 14 are each different from the radar signal primary emitter and an IFF main beam direction that is necessary for an optimized, target-controlled interrogation and squinting towards the main radar lobe arises.
- a sum-difference formation of the signals of the two IFF emitters 13 and 14 for narrowing the effective lobe width and for suppressing side lobe signal suppression is advantageously carried out by a hybrid circuit 15 attached to the outside of the plate 3 directly below the IFF coupling. 16 and 17 denote the sum and difference input of this hybrid circuit 15.
- the lower plate gap 6 is closed on the side facing away from the cylindrical parabolic reflector with a metallic rear wall 18.
- the distance d 2 between the device for coupling the radiation of the IFF signals, ie the two radiators 13 and 14, and the rear wall 18 is advantageously dimensioned such that the rear wall acts as a sub-reflector for the IFF signals.
- the distance d 1 between the radiation center of the radar signal primary emitter 7 and the rear wall 18 be greater than the distance d between the emitters 13 and 14 of the device for coupling in radiation the IFF signals on one side and the rear wall 18 on the other side. This measure prevents interference from the primary radar by the IFF radiation.
- the resulting deviation of the IFF radiation center of gravity from the focal line of the cylindrical parabolic reflector 1 is not critical at the usual wavelength for IFF signals of approximately 30 centimeters.
- a polarization grating 22 in the region of the funnel in which the horizontal polarization can spread.
- a polarization grating 22 consists in a known manner e.g. from wires or meander lines inclined at 45 ° to the aperture edges, which in addition to the existing z.
- vertical e-vector generate an equally large, 90 ° phase-shifted horizontal e-vector, so that the desired circular polarization arises.
- This polarization conversion is undesirable for the IFF signal, since the signals of the transponders to be interrogated are also vertically polarized.
- An arrangement of the polarization grating within the funnel 12 at a point at which the transverse dimension is less than half an IFF wavelength prevents the excitation of a horizontal IFF component, since this component cannot spread there.
- the support 21 and the polarization grating 22 can also be structurally combined.
Landscapes
- Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
- Electromagnetism (AREA)
- Aerials With Secondary Devices (AREA)
- Variable-Direction Aerials And Aerial Arrays (AREA)
Claims (20)
Applications Claiming Priority (2)
Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
---|---|---|---|
DE2925063 | 1979-06-21 | ||
DE2925063A DE2925063C2 (de) | 1979-06-21 | 1979-06-21 | Radarantenne mit integrierter IFF-Antenne |
Publications (2)
Publication Number | Publication Date |
---|---|
EP0021252A1 EP0021252A1 (fr) | 1981-01-07 |
EP0021252B1 true EP0021252B1 (fr) | 1984-01-25 |
Family
ID=6073788
Family Applications (1)
Application Number | Title | Priority Date | Filing Date |
---|---|---|---|
EP80103252A Expired EP0021252B1 (fr) | 1979-06-21 | 1980-06-11 | Antenne radar du type pillbox avec antenne d'interrogation IFF intégrée |
Country Status (3)
Country | Link |
---|---|
US (1) | US4345257A (fr) |
EP (1) | EP0021252B1 (fr) |
DE (1) | DE2925063C2 (fr) |
Families Citing this family (10)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
DE3211707C2 (de) * | 1982-03-30 | 1984-07-12 | Siemens AG, 1000 Berlin und 8000 München | Rundsuch-Radarantenne mit Höhenerfassung |
DE3524132A1 (de) * | 1985-07-05 | 1987-01-08 | Siemens Ag | Rundsuchradarantenne |
US4876554A (en) * | 1988-01-19 | 1989-10-24 | Qualcomm, Inc. | Pillbox antenna and antenna assembly |
US5486837A (en) * | 1993-02-11 | 1996-01-23 | Miller; Lee S. | Compact microwave antenna suitable for printed-circuit fabrication |
US5434548A (en) * | 1994-03-28 | 1995-07-18 | Qualcomm Incorporated | Coaxial-waveguide rotary coupling assemblage |
JP3302849B2 (ja) * | 1994-11-28 | 2002-07-15 | 本田技研工業株式会社 | 車載用レーダーモジュール |
AU2003215242A1 (en) * | 2002-02-14 | 2003-09-04 | Hrl Laboratories, Llc | Beam steering apparatus for a traveling wave antenna and associated method |
AU2002950196A0 (en) * | 2002-07-11 | 2002-09-12 | Commonwealth Scientific And Industrial Research Organisation | Real-time, cross-correlating millimetre-wave imaging system |
US8149154B2 (en) * | 2009-05-19 | 2012-04-03 | Raytheon Company | System, method, and software for performing dual hysteresis target association |
DE102018100845A1 (de) | 2018-01-16 | 2019-07-18 | Krohne Messtechnik Gmbh | Füllstandmessgerät |
Citations (1)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
US2638546A (en) * | 1946-03-14 | 1953-05-12 | Us Navy | Pillbox antenna |
Family Cites Families (13)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
CA604700A (en) * | 1960-09-06 | Government Of The United States, As Represented By The Secretary Of The Army | Narrow band microwave antenna | |
US2589433A (en) * | 1945-09-17 | 1952-03-18 | Us Navy | Wave guide feed for cylindrical paraboloid |
US2767396A (en) * | 1946-04-30 | 1956-10-16 | Bell Telephone Labor Inc | Directive antenna systems |
US2691731A (en) * | 1951-02-21 | 1954-10-12 | Westinghouse Electric Corp | Feed horn |
FR1291750A (fr) * | 1961-03-17 | 1962-04-27 | Csf | Antenne plate pour radar à impulsion unique |
US3212095A (en) * | 1963-02-14 | 1965-10-12 | James S Ajioka | Low side lobe pillbox antenna employing open-ended baffles |
US3170158A (en) * | 1963-05-08 | 1965-02-16 | Rotman Walter | Multiple beam radar antenna system |
US3267477A (en) * | 1964-04-28 | 1966-08-16 | Orville G Brickey | Dual frequency microwave antenna |
FR1605378A (fr) * | 1966-02-22 | 1975-02-28 | ||
FR1586812A (fr) * | 1967-03-23 | 1970-03-06 | ||
US3852762A (en) * | 1973-11-14 | 1974-12-03 | Singer Co | Scanning lens antenna |
US4100548A (en) * | 1976-09-30 | 1978-07-11 | The United States Of America As Represented By The Secretary Of The Department Of Transportation | Bifocal pillbox antenna system |
FR2387528A1 (fr) * | 1977-04-13 | 1978-11-10 | Thomson Csf | Antenne micro-onde pour aeronef |
-
1979
- 1979-06-21 DE DE2925063A patent/DE2925063C2/de not_active Expired
-
1980
- 1980-05-20 US US06/151,737 patent/US4345257A/en not_active Expired - Lifetime
- 1980-06-11 EP EP80103252A patent/EP0021252B1/fr not_active Expired
Patent Citations (1)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
US2638546A (en) * | 1946-03-14 | 1953-05-12 | Us Navy | Pillbox antenna |
Also Published As
Publication number | Publication date |
---|---|
EP0021252A1 (fr) | 1981-01-07 |
US4345257A (en) | 1982-08-17 |
DE2925063A1 (de) | 1981-01-08 |
DE2925063C2 (de) | 1982-06-09 |
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