EP0019288B1 - Method and apparatus for continuously mixing of dry and wet products, especially of dry mortar ready for use - Google Patents

Method and apparatus for continuously mixing of dry and wet products, especially of dry mortar ready for use Download PDF

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Publication number
EP0019288B1
EP0019288B1 EP80102740A EP80102740A EP0019288B1 EP 0019288 B1 EP0019288 B1 EP 0019288B1 EP 80102740 A EP80102740 A EP 80102740A EP 80102740 A EP80102740 A EP 80102740A EP 0019288 B1 EP0019288 B1 EP 0019288B1
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EP
European Patent Office
Prior art keywords
mixing chamber
wall
dry
dry material
blades
Prior art date
Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
Expired
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EP80102740A
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German (de)
French (fr)
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EP0019288A1 (en
Inventor
Karl Mathias Mayer
Rudolf Schäfer
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Wachter Kghindelang Baustoffwerk Bautechnik
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Wachter Kghindelang Baustoffwerk Bautechnik
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Priority to AT80102740T priority Critical patent/ATE12201T1/en
Publication of EP0019288A1 publication Critical patent/EP0019288A1/en
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    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B28—WORKING CEMENT, CLAY, OR STONE
    • B28C—PREPARING CLAY; PRODUCING MIXTURES CONTAINING CLAY OR CEMENTITIOUS MATERIAL, e.g. PLASTER
    • B28C5/00—Apparatus or methods for producing mixtures of cement with other substances, e.g. slurries, mortars, porous or fibrous compositions
    • B28C5/38—Apparatus or methods for producing mixtures of cement with other substances, e.g. slurries, mortars, porous or fibrous compositions wherein the mixing is effected both by the action of a fluid and by directly-acting driven mechanical means, e.g. stirring means ; Producing cellular concrete
    • B28C5/381—Producing cellular concrete
    • B28C5/383—Producing cellular concrete comprising stirrers to effect the mixing
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B28—WORKING CEMENT, CLAY, OR STONE
    • B28C—PREPARING CLAY; PRODUCING MIXTURES CONTAINING CLAY OR CEMENTITIOUS MATERIAL, e.g. PLASTER
    • B28C5/00—Apparatus or methods for producing mixtures of cement with other substances, e.g. slurries, mortars, porous or fibrous compositions
    • B28C5/08—Apparatus or methods for producing mixtures of cement with other substances, e.g. slurries, mortars, porous or fibrous compositions using driven mechanical means affecting the mixing
    • B28C5/10—Mixing in containers not actuated to effect the mixing
    • B28C5/12—Mixing in containers not actuated to effect the mixing with stirrers sweeping through the materials, e.g. with incorporated feeding or discharging means or with oscillating stirrers

Definitions

  • the invention relates to a process for the continuous production of a mixture of coarse-grained to powdery dry material, in particular dry mortar, and wet material in a mixing chamber, which is preceded by a storage container for the dry material and a suction device for the mixed material, the dry material interspersed with air cushions and the pressurized wet material is fed to the mixing chamber and mixed by means of an agitator.
  • Such a method is already known from FR-A-2274340 and DE-U 7 046 623. known as an apparatus for performing this method.
  • DE-U-7 046 623 the dry material pressed out of a storage container by means of a screw conveyor fills into a vertical mixing tube in which a dry material scraper circles and which is followed by a feed pump. Since the conveying device for the dry material and the mixing device are driven by two separate motors, the mixing device can be completely emptied independently of the dry material to be conveyed. The mixture leaving the mixing device contains only a relatively small proportion of air pores, which leads to the disadvantages mentioned below. Lime cement plasters and cement plasters tend to form drying cracks after application to the surface to be plastered, which can occur after minutes or hours.
  • the invention has for its object to provide a method and an apparatus with which it is possible to prepare plasters or mortar that are particularly rich in air voids.
  • the object is achieved with a method of the type mentioned at the outset in that the mixing chamber is kept blocked against air leakage by guiding the dry material on the way from the storage container to the mixing chamber and the mixed material on the way to the suction device by narrowing slits causing the respective passageway.
  • the devices according to DE-A 2 117 000 or 2 437 231 have not led to tangible successes, because on the one hand the supply of water into the area of Worm drive and on the other hand the stirring device downstream of the feed pump could not prevent the dry material from being fed to the mixing device in an air-pore form.
  • the features according to the invention ensure that the air enclosed in the dry material cannot escape and, in particular, is distributed particularly homogeneously in the mixed material by the constrictions in the passageway during the mixing process.
  • the material to be mixed is processed in a plurality of spaces in the mixing chamber which are separated by partitions and which are connected to one another in each case via the slots mentioned, via gaps or holes.
  • the step-by-step treatment of the dry material while largely preventing degassing thus leads to end products with a high pore content.
  • the wet material is formed by a liquid and / or foam material and is introduced into the interior of the mixing chamber in finely divided form.
  • the invention advantageously provides that the mix is processed in the mixing chamber for at least 10 seconds. This increases the pore content of the end product.
  • the high density of the end product or the plaster is reduced, as a result of which the thermal insulation is improved; the water vapor diffusion ability is greatly increased, the drying on the wall surface takes place faster. Any condensation water in the wall can also evaporate more easily.
  • wet plaster the water retention capacity is improved because the air pores interrupt the pore channels; This means that drying cracks do not occur so quickly and the binders have the water required for setting longer available.
  • the plaster is easier to process because the air pores create a “creamier consistency”; the plaster is thus “more supple”.
  • the machinability i.e. the pumpability of the end material improves because the small pores on the wall, such as «ball bearings», reduce friction; this makes it possible to either continue to convey the end product with a pump or to reduce the wear of the pump by reducing the pressure.
  • the increased air porosity introduced improves the yield per unit weight in the end product, i. H. you can clean more square meters with the same amount of material.
  • the object of the invention is achieved in that the agitator has a turntable extending across the mixing chamber, the peripheral edge of which forms an annular slot adapted to the grain size of the dry material with the wall of the mixing chamber .
  • these features ensure very good mixing of the mix and, on the other hand, they ensure a homogeneous distribution of air pores, since any larger gas bubbles cannot escape, but are distributed because they cannot pass through the ring slots, which are always filled with mix.
  • the device according to the invention has the basic structure of a corresponding device according to DE-U 7 046 623, i.e. the mixing chamber, which is provided with an approximately vertical drive shaft and has a cylindrical feed space, is connected to an end face of the essentially horizontal storage container, the mixing chamber is advantageously expanded in a radial direction with respect to the cylindrical feed space and is essentially airtight by means of the interposition of a storage space. In this way, the introduced gaseous medium remains in the system and can be integrated into the mix.
  • a feed line for the liquid and / or the foam material can be provided in the interior of the mixing chamber, the outlet openings of which are distributed over the entire mixing chamber.
  • steam for example, ie a gaseous medium, can also be introduced into the dry material.
  • the feed line is annular and consists of a tube provided with bores, slots or other openings.
  • the intensive processing of the material and the ring-shaped feed line also reduce wear in the mixing chamber.
  • the ring-shaped feed line for the liquid and / or the foam material in the mixing chamber can be separated from the dry material feed by a stationary cylindrical deflecting wall.
  • the agitator of the mixing chamber can be attached to a stub shaft which is detachably connected to the coaxial drive shaft via a coupling.
  • the cylindrical feed space provided above the storage space is expediently provided with blades and / or knives attached to the drive shaft at least at its end facing the storage space; the blades and / or knives can be provided at least directly over the openings leading to the storage space.
  • a slot surrounding a jacket of the drive shaft is preferably provided as an opening for the passage of the dry goods into the storage space;
  • a further slot is expediently provided between a stationary housing wall surrounding the stub shaft at a distance and a disk optionally provided with blades.
  • the storage space just mentioned between the storage container and the mixing chamber is formed by the fact that e.g. dry matter falling through the small calibrated openings or slits only forms a barrier above the slits due to the dry goods conveyed from the storage container, so that the dry air that essentially passes through and passes through in free fall cannot vent. Air pockets or air bubbles under low pressure are thus formed in the storage space, which cannot escape upwards and are therefore entrained by the other dry material falling at the edge of the turntable and fed to the mixing room.
  • the turntable provided in the mixing chamber can have blades pointing upwards.
  • pins or plates extending parallel to the wall of the mixing chamber are preferably mounted in an upright position.
  • the slurry that has already been soaked is conveyed to the ring slot just mentioned and transported along the mixing chamber wall in the direction of the suction opening.
  • the turntable carrying the agitator it is possible for the turntable carrying the agitator to be provided with small bores, holes or other openings for extracting air approximately at a distance of one third of the blade length from the wall of the mixing chamber.
  • plates, mandrels or knives can be arranged parallel to the axis of rotation.
  • the bottom wall adjoining the mixing chamber wall can also be frustoconical and the central section of the bottom wall can run perpendicular to the axis of rotation; the section of the base wall running perpendicular to the axis of rotation can carry a ring designed as a chicane for the mixed material, the upper edge of which protrudes beyond the lower edge of the plates, mandrels or knives.
  • the chicane just mentioned creates another mixing effect with the plates, thorns or knives; Due to the swirling or swirling effect achieved at the outlet due to the suction device, the air sucked in via the small bores or holes is also incorporated into the mixture, so that the air pore content is also increased at this point.
  • the stub shaft supporting the agitator can be provided at its lower end with an adapter for a coupling of the suction device and between the coupling and the rectilinear section of the bottom wall a further annular slot can be provided for suctioning off the mixed material.
  • the upper wall of the mixing chamber is fastened to the housing wall surrounding the cylindrical feed space and either has a hinge for folding down the mixing chamber, or the mixing chamber is detachably attached to the upper wall.
  • the blades attached to the turntable can be attached with their inner edges to a cylinder which surrounds the stub shaft at a distance and which carries the disk that closes the storage space.
  • a shaft 1 of an electric motor-driven agitator is provided with a jacket 2 and accommodated in the center of a cylindrical housing 3.
  • the cylindrical housing 3 extends to the electric motor, not shown, and has a lateral opening 4.
  • the lateral opening 4 is provided with a throttle valve 6 which can be rotated in the direction of the arrow 5 and leads to a storage container 7, the worm drive of which is not shown in detail; the storage container 7 can be provided with a lid 8.
  • Knife-shaped wings 9 are attached to the casing 2 of the shaft 1 and “close” the space in the housing 3 at the upper edge 10 of the opening 4.
  • the space 11, which is essentially almost completely filled with the dry material, is closed on its lower side by a wall 12, which may also be interchangeable.
  • the wings or blades 13 cause a “stowage” of the dry material in the direction of the lower end of the shaft 1.
  • An annular gap or slot 14 is provided around the jacket 2 at the level of the wall 12, through which the dry material is metered in the mixing device becomes.
  • Immediately above the annular gap 2 blades 15 are attached to the jacket, which can also be set so that they constantly cause a supply of dry material in the downward direction.
  • Knife-like blades 16 can be provided above the blades 15, which can also be attached in an inclined position, such as the blades 13 on the casing 2, and stow the dry material in the direction of the mixing device.
  • the jacket 2 closes at the level of the lower edge 17 of the wall 12 and is z.
  • B rotatably connected by means of a connector 18 with a stub shaft 20.
  • the cylindrical housing wall 3 has a radially extending upper wall 22 above its lower edge 21, which e.g. welded to the wall 3 or otherwise firmly connected.
  • a storage space 23 the lower end of which is formed by a disk or a plate 24, on which blades 25 are fastened, which can be set so that they press the dry material towards the blades 15.
  • the disc 24 opens a further slot 26, which is provided between the housing wall 3 and the disc just mentioned.
  • the blades 25 can also be set so that the If dry goods are pressed into the storage space 23, air cushions or air bubbles arise above the dry goods in the room 23 and are under a slight excess pressure; due to the drainage of the dry material in the direction of the mixing chamber 30, these air bubbles or air cushions ensure that a particularly strong ventilation of the dry material can be carried out in the mixing room.
  • the disk 24 is fastened on a cylindrical tube piece 31, on the lower edge 32 of which a turntable 33 is fastened. On the turntable 33, as can be seen from FIG.
  • blades 34 are fastened, with which the mixture of the dripping dry material is mixed with a liquid, for example water 28.
  • the liquid is supplied via a feed line 29 (pipe ring), namely under pressure via an inlet connection 30 '.
  • a cylindrical deflecting wall 35 is provided in the mixing chamber, which is welded to the feed line, ie the pipe ring 29. In this way it is achieved that the dry material falls into the mixing chamber provided with blades 34 while still dry.
  • the blades 34 can be set to cause the material to be conveyed radially outwards and at the same time upwards.
  • wipers 36 are attached to the end of two blades 34, which expose the annular slot 37 to the cylindrical outer wall 38 of the mixing device.
  • These wipers can also have the shape shown in Fig. be bent so that it presses the mix - in this case it is already completely soaked - again in the direction of the stirring blades 34.
  • the agitator blades 34 are set in rotation in the same way as the blades 25.
  • the tubular baffle 35 is stationary and prevents the soaked mix from being pushed up.
  • the mix pressed down laterally in the ring slot 37 runs on a conical wall 40 in the direction of the agitator shaft 1 or the shaft stub 20.
  • the section 41 of the wall 40 which extends at right angles to the agitator shaft axis is provided with a further ring slot 42 through which the ready-prepared mix is in a suction device 43 or is sucked off from it by means of a pipeline provided with a feed pump.
  • a ring 45 (cylindrical shielding wall) is provided; at a distance from it, mandrels, plates or knives 46 rotate during operation of the agitator, so that a further mixing effect is achieved even in this area.
  • bores 50 are provided in the turntable 33, through which air present in the agitator area can be sucked off in the direction of the suction device 43. Since in the area of the further annular slot 42, whirling or swirling arises from the rotation of the agitator and through the movement with the feed pump or from the mixing device, the air sucked off via the bores 50 is brought into the mixture, so that its pore content is increased still further becomes.
  • the residence time of the dry material passing through the slot 14 in the mixing device until the material to be left through the further annular slot 42 is approximately 20 to 30 seconds, which not only increases the mixing effect significantly, but also the pore content, which, for. B. can be increased to 25%.
  • the mixing blades 34 primarily convey the mixture upwards due to its inclination and that the mixture can only flow out "in a mushy state" via the ring slot 37, not only in the mixing chamber but also over the further slot 26, 23 stowages of the dry goods, especially in the storage space. Accordingly, in addition to the dry goods, there are also air bubbles or air cushions in the storage space 23, which, as already noted, are under a low air pressure of a few tenths of a bar. This air is then fed to the dry material in the mixing room and mixed into the mixed material.
  • a hinge 51 is provided to secure the mixing device, e.g. to be able to fold down for cleaning purposes.
  • the air pore content in all ready-to-dry mortars can be increased, the air pore content of which can also be increased with batch mixers with a correspondingly long residence time.
  • decisive improvements can be achieved compared to the use of mixing tubes, that is to say continuous mixing devices.
  • So z. B. in a lime-gypsum plaster with an ordinary mixing tube an air pore content of only 7-10% compared to 15-20% can be achieved with the device according to the invention; the corresponding values for a lime-cement plaster are 7-12% compared to 20-25%. In the case of a known thermal insulation plaster, the values are 25-30% compared to 45-50%.
  • the frost resistance of the plaster is also improved by the increased air pore content.
  • the longer mixing time also means that all of the dry mortar additives have a longer dissolving time and are therefore more effective.

Abstract

A device for mixing mortar with a liquid or foaming material includes a reservoir for the dry mortar, a housing containing a portion of a driven shaft with the housing terminating at one end in a mixing chamber; the mixing chamber contains a disc attached to the shaft and rotatable therewith; on one side of the disc, there is located radially extending mixing paddles or blades, the outer edges of the blades and the discs being spaced a predetermined distance to define a gap between the inner surface of the wall of the mixing chamber and the outer edge of the blades and disc; at one end of the mixing chamber an outlet is provided which is connected to a suction device and a baffle ring is situated about the outlet to divert material away from the suction inlet.

Description

a Die Erfindung betrifft ein Verfahren zum kontinuierlichen Herstellen einer Mischung aus grobkörnigem bis pulverförmigem Trockengut, insbesondere Trockenfertigmörtel, und Nassgut in einer Mischkammer, welcher ein Vorratsbehälter für das Trockengut vor- und eine Absaugvorrichtung für das Mischgut nachgeschaltet ist, wobei das mit Luftpolstern durchsetzte Trockengut sowie das unter Druck stehende Nassgut der Mischkammer zugeleitet und mittels eines Rührwerks vermischt werden.The invention relates to a process for the continuous production of a mixture of coarse-grained to powdery dry material, in particular dry mortar, and wet material in a mixing chamber, which is preceded by a storage container for the dry material and a suction device for the mixed material, the dry material interspersed with air cushions and the pressurized wet material is fed to the mixing chamber and mixed by means of an agitator.

Durch die FR-A-2274340 und das DE-U 7 046 623 ist bereits ein derartiges Verfahren so- . wie eine Vorrichtung zur Durchführung dieses Verfahrens bekannt. Dabei füllt gemäss dem DE-U-7 046 623 das aus einem Vorratsbehälter mittels einer Förderschnecke vorgedrückte Trockengut in ein vertikales Mischrohr, in welchem ein Trockengutabstreifer kreist und dem eine Förderpumpe nachgeschaltet ist. Da die Fördervorrichtung für das Trockengut und die Mischvorrichtung mit zwei getrennten Motoren angetrieben werden, kann die Mischvorrichtung unabhängig von dem nachzufördernden Trockengut vollständig entleert werden. Das die Mischvorrichtung verlassende Mischgut enthält nur einen relativ geringen Anteil an Luftporen, was zu den weiter unten angeführten Nachteilen führt. Kalkzementputze und Zementputze neigen nach dem Auftrag auf die zu verputzende Fläche zur Bildung von Abtrocknungsrissen, die schon nach Minuten bzw. Stunden auftreten können. Darüber hinaus besteht nach längerer Zeit auch die Gefahr der Bildung von Spannungsrissen. Bei herkömmlichen Putzen hat man diese Gefahren durch die mehrlagige Aufbringung des Putzmörtels verringert. Es hat sich auch gezeigt, dass gröbere Sande die Risseneigung im Putz verringern. Das herkömmliche Putzverfahren war jedoch sehr zeit- und arbeitsaufwendig.Such a method is already known from FR-A-2274340 and DE-U 7 046 623. known as an apparatus for performing this method. According to DE-U-7 046 623, the dry material pressed out of a storage container by means of a screw conveyor fills into a vertical mixing tube in which a dry material scraper circles and which is followed by a feed pump. Since the conveying device for the dry material and the mixing device are driven by two separate motors, the mixing device can be completely emptied independently of the dry material to be conveyed. The mixture leaving the mixing device contains only a relatively small proportion of air pores, which leads to the disadvantages mentioned below. Lime cement plasters and cement plasters tend to form drying cracks after application to the surface to be plastered, which can occur after minutes or hours. In addition, there is a risk of stress cracks after a long period of time. With conventional plasters, these dangers have been reduced by the multilayer application of the plastering mortar. It has also been shown that coarser sands reduce the tendency to crack in the plaster. However, the conventional cleaning process was very time-consuming and labor-intensive.

Es wurden daher sogenannte Einlagenputze entwickelt, die auch mit kontinuierlichen Mischpumpen verarbeitet werden können. Um eine einwandfreie Maschinengängigkeit zu gewährleisten, musste jedoch bei diesen Materialien die Körnung auf 1-1,5 mm reduziert werden.So-called single-layer plasters have therefore been developed, which can also be processed with continuous mixing pumps. In order to guarantee perfect machine operation, the grain size of these materials had to be reduced to 1-1.5 mm.

Damit bei diesen Putzen eine einlagige Verarbeitung möglich war, mussten Chemikalien zur Luftporenbildung und Wasserrückhaltung zugegeben werden. Bei chargenweisen Zwangsmischern wurden damit auch gute Ergebnisse erzielt, jedoch bei den marktüblichen, kontinuierlichen Mischpumpen (z.B. FR-A-2274340 oder DE-U 7 046 623) wurde das Material zu kurz gemischt. Damit wurden nur wenig Luftporen eingebracht und die Risseneigung der Putze wieder erheblich verstärkt.In order for single-layer processing to be possible with these plasters, chemicals for air pore formation and water retention had to be added. Good results were also achieved with batch-type compulsory mixers, but the material was mixed too short for the continuous mixing pumps customary on the market (e.g. FR-A-2274340 or DE-U 7 046 623). As a result, only a few air pores were introduced and the tendency of the plasters to crack again increased considerably.

Der Erfindung liegt die Aufgabe zugrunde, ein Verfahren und eine Vorrichtung zu schaffen, mit dem bzw. der es möglich wird, besonders luftporenreiche Putze oder Mörtel aufzubereiten.The invention has for its object to provide a method and an apparatus with which it is possible to prepare plasters or mortar that are particularly rich in air voids.

Die Aufgabe wird mit einem Verfahren des eingangs erwähnten Typs dadurch gelöst, dass die Mischkammer gegen Luftaustritt gesperrt gehalten wird, indem das Trockengut auf dem Weg vom Vorratsbehälter zur Mischkammer und das Mischgut auf dem Weg zur Absaugvorrichtung durch Verengungen des jeweiligen Durchgangswegs bewirkende Schlitze geführt werden.The object is achieved with a method of the type mentioned at the outset in that the mixing chamber is kept blocked against air leakage by guiding the dry material on the way from the storage container to the mixing chamber and the mixed material on the way to the suction device by narrowing slits causing the respective passageway.

Während bei der Verwendung von Förderschnecken oder ähnlichen Zwangsförderern der Luftgehalt im Putz sogar vermindert wird, haben auch die Vorrichtungen nach der DE-A 2 117 000 bzw. 2 437 231 zu keinen greifbaren Erfolgen geführt, weil einerseits die Zuleitung des Wassers in den Bereich des Schneckentriebs und andererseits auch die der Förderpumpe nachgeschaltete Rührvorrichtung nicht verhindern konnten, dass das Trockengut in luftporenarmer Form der Mischvorrichtung zugeführt wurde. Durch die erfindungsgemässen Merkmale wird erreicht, dass die im Trockengut eingeschlossene Luft nicht entweichen kann und insbesondere durch die Verengungen im Durchgangsweg während des Mischvorgangs besonders homogen in dem Mischgut verteilt wird.Whilst the air content in the plaster is even reduced when using screw conveyors or similar forced conveyors, the devices according to DE-A 2 117 000 or 2 437 231 have not led to tangible successes, because on the one hand the supply of water into the area of Worm drive and on the other hand the stirring device downstream of the feed pump could not prevent the dry material from being fed to the mixing device in an air-pore form. The features according to the invention ensure that the air enclosed in the dry material cannot escape and, in particular, is distributed particularly homogeneously in the mixed material by the constrictions in the passageway during the mixing process.

Da bei dem erfindungsgemässen Verfahren keine Zwangsförderer Verwendung finden sollen, sondern die Ausgangsstoffe bereits luftangereichert der Mischkammer zugeführt werden, ergibt die feinstverteilte Berieselung oder Besprühung der Trockenmasse eine weitere Möglichkeit, die Porenhaltigkeit des Endprodukts zu erhöhen.Since no positive conveyors are to be used in the method according to the invention, but rather the starting materials are supplied to the mixing chamber in an air-enriched manner, the finely divided sprinkling or spraying of the dry matter provides a further possibility of increasing the pore content of the end product.

Nach einer bevorzugten Massnahme ist vorgesehen, dass das Mischgut in mehreren durch Trennwände abgeteilten Räumen in der Mischkammer aufbereitet wird, die jeweils über die genannten Schlitze, über Spalten oder Bohrungen miteinander in Verbindung stehen. Die stufenweise Behandlung des Trockenguts unter gleichzeitiger weitgehender Verhinderung der Entgasung führt somit zu stark porenhaltigen Endprodukten.According to a preferred measure, it is provided that the material to be mixed is processed in a plurality of spaces in the mixing chamber which are separated by partitions and which are connected to one another in each case via the slots mentioned, via gaps or holes. The step-by-step treatment of the dry material while largely preventing degassing thus leads to end products with a high pore content.

Günstige Ergebnisse können dadurch erzielt werden, dass das Nassgut von einer Flüssigkeit und/oder von Schaumgut gebildet wird und fein verteilt in das Innere der Mischkammer eingeleitet wird.Favorable results can be achieved in that the wet material is formed by a liquid and / or foam material and is introduced into the interior of the mixing chamber in finely divided form.

Während bei den bekannten Verfahren das Mischgut im Mischrohr etwa 5 bis 6 Sek. verweilt, ist bei der Erfindung günstigerweise vorgesehen, dass das Mischgut in der Mischkammer mindestens 10 Sek. aufbereitet wird. Hierdurch wird die Porenhaltigkeit des Endprodukts erhöht.While in the known processes the mix remains in the mixing tube for about 5 to 6 seconds, the invention advantageously provides that the mix is processed in the mixing chamber for at least 10 seconds. This increases the pore content of the end product.

Durch die Anwendung des erfindungsgemässen Verfahrens und die Erhöhung des Luftporengehalts erniedrigt sich die hohe Dichte des Endprodukts bzw. des Putzes wodurch die Wärmedämmung verbessert wird; die Wasserdampfdiffusionsfähigkeit wird stark erhöht, die Austrocknung an der Wandfläche erfolgt schneller. Auch kann eventuell aufgetretenes Kondensationswasser in der Wand leichter verdunsten. Bei nassem Putzmörtel wird das Wasserrückhaltevermögen verbessert, da die Luftporen die Porenkanäle unterbrechen; es kommt daher nicht so schnell zu Abtrocknungsrissen und die Bindemittel haben das zur Abbindung notwendige Wasser länger zur Verfügung.By using the method according to the invention and increasing the air pore content, the high density of the end product or the plaster is reduced, as a result of which the thermal insulation is improved; the water vapor diffusion ability is greatly increased, the drying on the wall surface takes place faster. Any condensation water in the wall can also evaporate more easily. With wet plaster, the water retention capacity is improved because the air pores interrupt the pore channels; This means that drying cracks do not occur so quickly and the binders have the water required for setting longer available.

Die Verarbeitung des Putzes wird leichter, da durch die Luftporen eine «sahnigere Konsistenz» entsteht; der Putz wird somit «geschmeidiger». Die Maschinengängigkeit, d.h. die Pumpbarkeit des Endmaterials verbessert sich, da die kleinen Poren wie «Kugellager» an der Wand die Reibung verringern; damit wird es möglich, das Endprodukt entweder weiter mit einer Pumpe zu fördern oder den Verschleiss der Pumpe durch eine Druckminderung herabzusetzen. Durch die eingeführte erhöhte Luftporigkeit verbessert sich die Ergiebigkeit pro Gewichtseinheit beim Endprodukt, d. h. man kann mit der gleichen Materialmenge mehr Quadratmeter putzen. In diesem Zusammenhang ist darauf hinzuweisen, dass zwar mit den weiter oben erwähnten chargenweise arbeitenden Maschinen ein Luftporengehalt von 20-25% bei den derzeit auf dem Markt befindlichen Kalk-Zement-Putzen angestrebt, jedoch nur selten exakt und gleichmässig erreicht wird, da die Mischzeiten naturgemäss auf der Baustelle stark schwanken. Mit kontinuierlich arbeitenden Putzmaschinen, die unter Verwendung von Monoschnecken arbeiten, wird eine Luftporeneinführung, z.B. bei einem Kalk-Zement-Putz, von nur 7-10% erreicht, während mit der erfindungsgemässen Vorrichtung ein Luftporengehalt von ca. 25% und mehr erreicht werden kann.The plaster is easier to process because the air pores create a “creamier consistency”; the plaster is thus “more supple”. The machinability, i.e. the pumpability of the end material improves because the small pores on the wall, such as «ball bearings», reduce friction; this makes it possible to either continue to convey the end product with a pump or to reduce the wear of the pump by reducing the pressure. The increased air porosity introduced improves the yield per unit weight in the end product, i. H. you can clean more square meters with the same amount of material. In this context, it should be noted that although the batch-wise machines mentioned above strive for an air pore content of 20-25% in the lime-cement plasters currently on the market, they are rarely achieved precisely and evenly, since the mixing times fluctuate naturally on the construction site. With continuous plastering machines that work using mono screws, an air pore introduction, e.g. with a lime-cement plaster of only 7-10%, while an air pore content of approx. 25% and more can be achieved with the device according to the invention.

Hinsichtlich der Vorrichtung zum Durchführen des Verfahrens nach einem der Ansprüche 1 bis 4 wird die erfindungsgemässe Aufgabe dadurch gelöst, dass das Rührwerk eine sich quer über die Mischkammer erstreckende Drehscheibe aufweist, deren Umfangsrand mit der Wandung der Mischkammer einen an die Korngrösse des Trokkenguts angepassten Ringschlitz bildet. Diese Merkmale gewährleisten zum einen eine sehr gute Durchmischung des Mischguts und zum anderen stellen sie eine homogene Verteilung von Luftporen sicher, da eventuelle grössere Gasblasen nicht entweichen können, sondern verteilt werden, da sie nicht durch die stets mit Mischgut gefüllten Ringschlitze hindurchtreten können.With regard to the device for performing the method according to one of claims 1 to 4, the object of the invention is achieved in that the agitator has a turntable extending across the mixing chamber, the peripheral edge of which forms an annular slot adapted to the grain size of the dry material with the wall of the mixing chamber . On the one hand, these features ensure very good mixing of the mix and, on the other hand, they ensure a homogeneous distribution of air pores, since any larger gas bubbles cannot escape, but are distributed because they cannot pass through the ring slots, which are always filled with mix.

Wenn die erfindungsgemässe Vorrichtung den grundsätzlichen Aufbau einer entsprechenden Vorrichtung nach dem DE-U 7 046 623 aufweist, d.h. die mit einer annähernd vertikalen Antriebswelle versehene und einen zylindrischen Zuführraum aufweisende Mischkammer an einer Stirnseite des im wesentlichen horizontalen Vorratsbehälters angeschlossen ist, ist vorteilhafterweise die Mischkammer in radialer Richtung gegenüber dem zylindrischen Zuführraum erweitert und mittels Zwischenschaltung eines Stauraums im wesentlichen luftdicht abgeschlossen. Auf diese Weise bleibt das eingebrachte gasförmige Medium im System erhalten und kann in das Mischgut integriert werden.If the device according to the invention has the basic structure of a corresponding device according to DE-U 7 046 623, i.e. the mixing chamber, which is provided with an approximately vertical drive shaft and has a cylindrical feed space, is connected to an end face of the essentially horizontal storage container, the mixing chamber is advantageously expanded in a radial direction with respect to the cylindrical feed space and is essentially airtight by means of the interposition of a storage space. In this way, the introduced gaseous medium remains in the system and can be integrated into the mix.

Im Inneren der Mischkammer kann eine Zuleitung für die Flüssigkeit und/oder das Schaumgut vorgesehen sein, deren Austrittsöffnungen über die ganze Mischkammer verteilt sind. Statt der erwähnten Flüssigkeit kann beispielsweise auch Dampf - also ein gasförmiges Medium - in das Trockengut eingebracht werden.A feed line for the liquid and / or the foam material can be provided in the interior of the mixing chamber, the outlet openings of which are distributed over the entire mixing chamber. Instead of the liquid mentioned, steam, for example, ie a gaseous medium, can also be introduced into the dry material.

Nach einer bevorzugten Ausführungsform der erfindungsgemässen Vorrichtung ist die Zuleitung ringförmig ausgebildet und besteht aus einem mit Bohrungen, Schlitzen oder sonstigen Öffnungen versehenen Rohr. Durch die intensive Aufbereitung des Materials und die ringförmige Zuleitung wird auch der Verschleiss in der Mischkammer herabgesetzt.According to a preferred embodiment of the device according to the invention, the feed line is annular and consists of a tube provided with bores, slots or other openings. The intensive processing of the material and the ring-shaped feed line also reduce wear in the mixing chamber.

Die ringförmige Zuleitung für die Flüssigkeit und/oder das Schaumgut in der Mischkammer kann von der Trockengutzuführung durch eine stationäre zylindrische Abweiswand getrennt sein.The ring-shaped feed line for the liquid and / or the foam material in the mixing chamber can be separated from the dry material feed by a stationary cylindrical deflecting wall.

Es ist auch möglich, dass das Rührwerk der Mischkammer an einem Wellenstumpf befestigt ist, welcher mit der koaxialen Antriebswelle über eine Kupplung lösbar verbunden ist. Der oberhalb des Stauraums vorgesehene zylindrische Zuführraum ist zweckmässigerweise mindestens an seinem zum Stauraum weisenden Ende mit an der Antriebswelle befestigten Schaufeln und/oder Messern versehen; die Schaufeln und/oder Messer können mindestens unmittelbar über den zum Stauraum führenden Öffnungen vorgesehen sein.It is also possible for the agitator of the mixing chamber to be attached to a stub shaft which is detachably connected to the coaxial drive shaft via a coupling. The cylindrical feed space provided above the storage space is expediently provided with blades and / or knives attached to the drive shaft at least at its end facing the storage space; the blades and / or knives can be provided at least directly over the openings leading to the storage space.

Für den Durchtritt der Trockenguts in den Stauraum ist als Öffnung vorzugsweise ein einen Mantel der Antriebswelle umgebender Schlitz vorgesehen; für den Durchtritt des Trockenguts aus dem Stauraum in die Mischkammer ist zweckmässigerweise ein weiterer Schlitz zwischen einer stationären, den Wellenstumpf im Abstand umgebenden Gehäusewand und einer gegebenenfalls mit Schaufeln versehenen Scheibe vorgesehen.A slot surrounding a jacket of the drive shaft is preferably provided as an opening for the passage of the dry goods into the storage space; For the passage of the dry material from the storage space into the mixing chamber, a further slot is expediently provided between a stationary housing wall surrounding the stub shaft at a distance and a disk optionally provided with blades.

Der eben erwähnte Stauraum zwischen dem Vorratsbehälter und der Mischkammer bildet sich dadurch, dass das z.B. nur durch die eigene Schwerkraft durch die klein kalibrierten Öffnungen oder Schlitze fallende Trockengut oberhalb der Schlitze durch das aus dem Vorratsbehälter geförderte Trockengut eine Sperre bildet, so dass das im freien Fall durchtretende, im wesentlichen Luft enthaltende Trockengut sich nicht entlüften kann. Es bilden sich also im Stauraum unter geringem Druck stehende Luftpolster oder Luftblasen, die nach oben nicht entweichen können und daher von dem weiteren am Rand der Drehscheibe herabfallenden Trockengut mitgerissen und dem Mischraum zugeführt werden.The storage space just mentioned between the storage container and the mixing chamber is formed by the fact that e.g. dry matter falling through the small calibrated openings or slits only forms a barrier above the slits due to the dry goods conveyed from the storage container, so that the dry air that essentially passes through and passes through in free fall cannot vent. Air pockets or air bubbles under low pressure are thus formed in the storage space, which cannot escape upwards and are therefore entrained by the other dry material falling at the edge of the turntable and fed to the mixing room.

Die in der Mischkammer vorgesehene Drehscheibe kann nach oben gerichtete Schaufeln aufweisen.The turntable provided in the mixing chamber can have blades pointing upwards.

Am Rand der das Rührwerk tragenden Drehscheibe sind vorzugsweise parallel zur Wandung der Mischkammer verlaufende Stifte oder Platten nach oben stehend angebracht. Durch diese Stifte oder Platten wird das bereits durchnässte breiige Mischgut zum eben erwähnten Ringschlitz gefördert und längs der Mischkammerwand in Richtung auf die Absaugöffnung transportiert. Weiterhin ist es möglich, dass die das Rührwerk tragende Drehscheibe mit kleinen Bohrungen, Löchern oder sonstigen Öffnungen zum Absaugen von Luft etwa im Abstand von einem Drittel der Schaufellänge von der Wandung der Mischkammer versehen ist.At the edge of the turntable carrying the agitator, pins or plates extending parallel to the wall of the mixing chamber are preferably mounted in an upright position. By means of these pins or plates, the slurry that has already been soaked is conveyed to the ring slot just mentioned and transported along the mixing chamber wall in the direction of the suction opening. Furthermore, it is possible for the turntable carrying the agitator to be provided with small bores, holes or other openings for extracting air approximately at a distance of one third of the blade length from the wall of the mixing chamber.

An der Unterseite der Drehscheibe können Platten, Dorne oder Messer parallel zur Drehachse angeordnet sein. Auch kann die an die Mischkammerwandung anschliessende Bodenwandung kegelstumpfförmig ausgebildet sein und der mittige Abschnitt der Bodenwandung senkrecht zur Drehachse verlaufen; der senkrecht zur Drehachse verlaufende Abschnitt der Bodenwandung kann einen als Schikane für das Mischgut ausgebildeten Ring tragen, dessen Oberrand über die Unterkante der Platten, Dorne oder Messer hinausragt. Die eben erwähnte Schikane bewirkt mit den Platten, Dornen oder Messern zusammen einen weiteren Mischeffekt; durch die am Auslass aufgrund der Absaugevorrichtung erreichte Strudel- oder Wirbelwirkung wird darüber hinaus noch die über die kleinen Bohrungen oder Löcher abgesaugte Luft in das Mischgut eingearbeitet, so dass auch an dieser Stelle der Luftporengehalt erhöht wird.On the underside of the turntable, plates, mandrels or knives can be arranged parallel to the axis of rotation. The bottom wall adjoining the mixing chamber wall can also be frustoconical and the central section of the bottom wall can run perpendicular to the axis of rotation; the section of the base wall running perpendicular to the axis of rotation can carry a ring designed as a chicane for the mixed material, the upper edge of which protrudes beyond the lower edge of the plates, mandrels or knives. The chicane just mentioned creates another mixing effect with the plates, thorns or knives; Due to the swirling or swirling effect achieved at the outlet due to the suction device, the air sucked in via the small bores or holes is also incorporated into the mixture, so that the air pore content is also increased at this point.

Der das Rührwerk tragende Wellenstumpf kann an seinem unteren Ende mit einem Adapter für eine Kupplung der Absaugevorrichtung versehen sein und zwischen der Kupplung und dem geradlinigen Abschnitt der Bodenwandung kann ein weiterer Ringschlitz zum Absaugen des Mischgutes vorgesehen sein.The stub shaft supporting the agitator can be provided at its lower end with an adapter for a coupling of the suction device and between the coupling and the rectilinear section of the bottom wall a further annular slot can be provided for suctioning off the mixed material.

Es ist auch möglich, dass die Oberwandung der Mischkammer an der den zylindrischen Zuführraum umgebenden Gehäusewandung befestigt ist und entweder ein Scharnier zum Abklappen der Mischkammer aufweist, oder die Mischkammer an der Oberwandung lösbar angebracht ist.It is also possible that the upper wall of the mixing chamber is fastened to the housing wall surrounding the cylindrical feed space and either has a hinge for folding down the mixing chamber, or the mixing chamber is detachably attached to the upper wall.

Schliesslich können die auf der Drehscheibe befestigten Schaufeln mit ihren Innenkanten an einem den Wellenstumpf mit Abstand umgebenden Zylinder befestigt sein, welcher die den Stauraum abschliessende Scheibe trägt.Finally, the blades attached to the turntable can be attached with their inner edges to a cylinder which surrounds the stub shaft at a distance and which carries the disk that closes the storage space.

Auf der Zeichnung ist eine beispielsweise Ausführungsform der erfindungsgemässen Vorrichtung dargestellt; es zeigt:

  • Fig.1 einen Längsschnitt durch die Ausführungsform,
  • Fig. 2 ein Detail dieser Ausführungsform und
  • Fig. 3 eine Ansicht gemäss Linie 3-3 in Fig. 2.
An example of an embodiment of the device according to the invention is shown in the drawing; it shows:
  • 1 shows a longitudinal section through the embodiment,
  • Fig. 2 shows a detail of this embodiment and
  • 3 shows a view according to line 3-3 in FIG. 2.

Eine Welle 1 eines elektromotorisch angetriebenen Rührwerkes ist mit einem Mantel 2 versehen und mittig in einem zylindrischen Gehäuse 3 untergebracht. Das zylindrische Gehäuse 3 erstreckt sich bis zum nicht gezeigten Elektromotor und weist einen seitlichen Durchbruch 4 auf. Der seitliche Durchbruch 4 ist mit einer in Pfeilrichtung 5 verdrehbaren Drosselklappe 6 versehen und führt zu einem Vorratsbehälter 7, dessen Schneckentrieb nicht näher dargestellt ist; der Vorratsbehälter 7 kann mit einem Deckel 8 versehen sein.A shaft 1 of an electric motor-driven agitator is provided with a jacket 2 and accommodated in the center of a cylindrical housing 3. The cylindrical housing 3 extends to the electric motor, not shown, and has a lateral opening 4. The lateral opening 4 is provided with a throttle valve 6 which can be rotated in the direction of the arrow 5 and leads to a storage container 7, the worm drive of which is not shown in detail; the storage container 7 can be provided with a lid 8.

Durch den Durchbruch 4 wird Trockengut in das Gehäuse 3 gefördert.Through the opening 4, dry material is conveyed into the housing 3.

Am Mantel 2 der Welle 1 sind messerförmige Flügel 9 angebracht, die den Raum im Gehäuse 3 an der oberen Kante 10 des Durchbruches 4 «abschliessen». Der mit dem Trockengut im wesentlichen fast vollständig ausgefüllte Raum 11 ist an seiner unteren Seite durch eine Wand 12 abgeschlossen, die gegebenenfalls auch austauschbar sein kann. Die Flügel oder Schaufeln 13 bewirken eine «Stauung» des Trockengutes in Richtung auf das untere Ende der Welle 1. Um den Mantel 2 ist auf der Höhe der Wand 12 ein Ringspalt oder Schlitz 14 vorgesehen, durch welchen die Dosierung des Trockengutes in der Mischvorrichtung vorgenommen wird. Unmittelbar oberhalb des Ringspaltes sind am Mantel 2 Schaufeln 15 angebracht, die auch so geschränkt sein können, dass sie ständig einen Trockengutnachschub in Richtung nach unten bewirken. Oberhalb der Schaufeln 15 können messerartige Flügel 16 vorgesehen werden, die ebenfalls unter Umständen in Schräglage, wie die Flügel 13 am Mantel 2, angebracht sein können und das Trockengut in Richtung auf die Mischvorrichtung stauen. Wie es in Fig. 1 ersichtlich ist, schliesst der Mantel 2 auf der Höhe der Unterkante 17 der Wand 12 ab und ist z. B. mittels einer Steckverbindung 18 mit einem Wellenstumpf 20 drehfest verbindbar.Knife-shaped wings 9 are attached to the casing 2 of the shaft 1 and “close” the space in the housing 3 at the upper edge 10 of the opening 4. The space 11, which is essentially almost completely filled with the dry material, is closed on its lower side by a wall 12, which may also be interchangeable. The wings or blades 13 cause a “stowage” of the dry material in the direction of the lower end of the shaft 1. An annular gap or slot 14 is provided around the jacket 2 at the level of the wall 12, through which the dry material is metered in the mixing device becomes. Immediately above the annular gap 2 blades 15 are attached to the jacket, which can also be set so that they constantly cause a supply of dry material in the downward direction. Knife-like blades 16 can be provided above the blades 15, which can also be attached in an inclined position, such as the blades 13 on the casing 2, and stow the dry material in the direction of the mixing device. As can be seen in Fig. 1, the jacket 2 closes at the level of the lower edge 17 of the wall 12 and is z. B. rotatably connected by means of a connector 18 with a stub shaft 20.

Die zylindrische Gehäusewand 3 weist oberhalb ihrer Unterkante 21 eine radial verlaufende Oberwandung 22 auf, die z.B. mit der Wand 3 verschweisst oder auf andere Weise fest verbunden ist.The cylindrical housing wall 3 has a radially extending upper wall 22 above its lower edge 21, which e.g. welded to the wall 3 or otherwise firmly connected.

Unterhalb der Wand 12 ist ein Stauraum 23 vorgesehen, dessen unteres Ende durch eine Scheibe oder einen Teller 24 gebildet wird, auf dem Schaufeln 25 befestigt sind, die so geschränkt sein können, dass sie das Trockengut in Richtung auf die Schaufeln 15 drücken. Die Scheibe 24 gibt einen weiteren Schlitz 26 frei, der zwischen der Gehäusewand 3 und der eben erwähnten Scheibe vorgesehen ist.Below the wall 12 there is a storage space 23, the lower end of which is formed by a disk or a plate 24, on which blades 25 are fastened, which can be set so that they press the dry material towards the blades 15. The disc 24 opens a further slot 26, which is provided between the housing wall 3 and the disc just mentioned.

Aufgrund der Tatsache, dass das Trockengut im Raum 11 sich soweit ablagert, dass stets der Raum oberhalb der Wand 12 bzw. auch oberhalb der Schaufeln 15 und der messerartigen Flügel 16 mit Trockengut vollständig ausgefüllt ist, wird durch den Schlitz 14 nur eine gewünscht dosierte Menge an Trockengut aufgrund einer Drehung der Rührwelle 1 gefördert.Due to the fact that the dry material in the space 11 is deposited to such an extent that the space above the wall 12 or also above the blades 15 and the knife-like blades 16 is always completely filled with dry material, only a desired metered amount is through the slot 14 conveyed to dry goods due to rotation of the agitator shaft 1.

Da der ringförmige weitere Schlitz 26 einen grösseren Durchmesser als der Schlitz 14 hat, kann das Trockengut durch den weiteren Schlitz 26 schneller und besser hindurchfallen als durch den Schlitz 14. Da auf der anderen Seite jedoch die Schaufeln 25 auch so geschränkt sein können, dass das Trockengut in den Stauraum 23 gedrückt wird, entstehen oberhalb des im Raum 23 liegenden Trockengutes Luftpolster oder Luftblasen, die unter einem geringen Überdruck stehen; diese Luftblasen oder Luftpolster sorgen aufgrund des Ablaufes des Trockengutes in Richtung auf der Mischkammer 30 dafür, dass eine besonders starke Durchlüftung des Trockengutes im Mischraum vorgenommen werden kann. Die Scheibe 24 ist auf einem zylindrischen Rohrstück 31 befestigt, an dessen Unterkante 32 eine Drehscheibe 33 befestigt ist. Auf der Drehscheibe 33 sind, wie aus Fig.3 ersichtlich ist, fünf Schaufeln 34 befestigt, mit denen die Mischung des herabrieselnden Trockengutes mit einer Flüssigkeit, z.B. Wasser 28 vorgenommen wird. Die Flüssigkeit wird über eine Zuleitung 29 (Rohrring) zugeführt, und zwar unter Druck über einen Einlassstutzen 30'. Um zu verhindern, dass die Flüssigkeit bereits in der Nähe vom weiteren Schlitz 26 in das Trockengut eindringt, ist in der Mischkammer eine zylindrische Abweiswand 35 vorgesehen, die mit der Zuleitung, d. h. dem Rohrring 29 verschweisst ist. Auf diese Weise wird erreicht, dass das Trockengut noch in trockenem Zustand in die mit Schaufeln 34 versehene Mischkammer fällt. Die Schaufeln 34 können geschränkt sein, um eine Förderung des Gutes in radialer Richtung nach aussen und gleichzeitig nach oben zu bewirken.Since the ring-shaped further slot 26 has a larger diameter than the slot 14, the dry material can fall through the further slot 26 faster and better than through the slot 14. However, on the other side, the blades 25 can also be set so that the If dry goods are pressed into the storage space 23, air cushions or air bubbles arise above the dry goods in the room 23 and are under a slight excess pressure; due to the drainage of the dry material in the direction of the mixing chamber 30, these air bubbles or air cushions ensure that a particularly strong ventilation of the dry material can be carried out in the mixing room. The disk 24 is fastened on a cylindrical tube piece 31, on the lower edge 32 of which a turntable 33 is fastened. On the turntable 33, as can be seen from FIG. 3, five blades 34 are fastened, with which the mixture of the dripping dry material is mixed with a liquid, for example water 28. The liquid is supplied via a feed line 29 (pipe ring), namely under pressure via an inlet connection 30 '. In order to To prevent the liquid from entering the dry material in the vicinity of the further slot 26, a cylindrical deflecting wall 35 is provided in the mixing chamber, which is welded to the feed line, ie the pipe ring 29. In this way it is achieved that the dry material falls into the mixing chamber provided with blades 34 while still dry. The blades 34 can be set to cause the material to be conveyed radially outwards and at the same time upwards.

Wie aus Fig. 3 ersichtlich ist, sind am Ende von zwei Schaufeln 34 Abstreifer 36 angebracht, die den Ringschlitz 37 zur zylindrischen Aussenwand 38 der Mischvorrichtung freigeben. Diese Abstreifer können auch die in Fig. dargestellte Form aufweisen, d.h. so gebogen sein, dass sie das Mischgut- in diesem Fall ist es schon vollständig durchnässt - wiederum in Richtung auf die Rührschaufeln 34 drücken.As can be seen from FIG. 3, wipers 36 are attached to the end of two blades 34, which expose the annular slot 37 to the cylindrical outer wall 38 of the mixing device. These wipers can also have the shape shown in Fig. be bent so that it presses the mix - in this case it is already completely soaked - again in the direction of the stirring blades 34.

Bei einer Drehung der Rührwelle 1 und somit des Mantels 2 sowie des Wellenstumpfes 20 werden die Rührschaufeln 34 genauso wie die Schaufeln 25 in Drehung versetzt. Die rohrförmige Abweiswand 35 ist stationär und verhindert ein Heraufdrücken des durchnässten Mischgutes. Das seitlich im Ringschlitz 37 heruntergedrückte Mischgut läuft an einer konischen Wand 40 in Richtung auf die Rührwelle 1 bzw. den Wellenstumpf 20. Der rechtwinklig zur Rührwellenachse verlaufende Abschnitt 41 der Wand 40 ist mit einem weiteren Ringschlitz 42 versehen, durch welchen das fertig aufbereitete Mischgut in eine Ansaugvorrichtung 43 bzw. von dieser mittels einer mit einer Förderpumpe versehenen Rohrleitung abgesaugt wird.When the agitator shaft 1 and thus the casing 2 and the stub shaft 20 rotate, the agitator blades 34 are set in rotation in the same way as the blades 25. The tubular baffle 35 is stationary and prevents the soaked mix from being pushed up. The mix pressed down laterally in the ring slot 37 runs on a conical wall 40 in the direction of the agitator shaft 1 or the shaft stub 20. The section 41 of the wall 40 which extends at right angles to the agitator shaft axis is provided with a further ring slot 42 through which the ready-prepared mix is in a suction device 43 or is sucked off from it by means of a pipeline provided with a feed pump.

An der Übergangsstelle zwischen dem geradlinigen Abschnitt 41 und dem konischen Abschnitt 40 der Bodenwand ist ein Ring 45 (zylindrische Abschirmwand) vorgesehen; im Abstand von diesem drehen sich beim Betrieb des Rührwerks Dorne, Platten oder Messer 46, so dass noch in diesem Bereich ein weiterer Mischeffekt erzielt wird.At the transition point between the straight section 41 and the conical section 40 of the bottom wall, a ring 45 (cylindrical shielding wall) is provided; at a distance from it, mandrels, plates or knives 46 rotate during operation of the agitator, so that a further mixing effect is achieved even in this area.

In der Drehscheibe 33 sind - wie am besten aus Fig. 3 ersichtlich ist - Bohrungen 50 vorgesehen, durch welche im Rührwerksbereich vorhandene, Luft in Richtung auf die Absaugvorrichtung 43 abgesaugt werden kann. Da im Bereich des weiteren Ringschlitzes 42 durch die Drehung des Rührwerkes und durch die Bewegung mit der Förderpumpe bzw. von der Mischvorrichtung aus Strudel oder Verwirbelungen entstehen, wird die über die Bohrungen 50 abgesaugte Luft in das Mischgut hineingebracht, so dass dessen Porengehalt noch weiter erhöht wird.As can best be seen in FIG. 3, bores 50 are provided in the turntable 33, through which air present in the agitator area can be sucked off in the direction of the suction device 43. Since in the area of the further annular slot 42, whirling or swirling arises from the rotation of the agitator and through the movement with the feed pump or from the mixing device, the air sucked off via the bores 50 is brought into the mixture, so that its pore content is increased still further becomes.

Die Verweilzeit des durch den Schlitz 14 durchtretenden Trockengutes in der Mischvorrichtung bis zum Verlassen des Mischgutes durch den weiteren Ringschlitz 42 beträgt etwa 20 bis 30 Sekunden, wodurch nicht nur der Mischeffekt entscheidend erhöht wird, sondern auch der Porengehalt, der z. B. bis auf 25% gesteigert werden kann.The residence time of the dry material passing through the slot 14 in the mixing device until the material to be left through the further annular slot 42 is approximately 20 to 30 seconds, which not only increases the mixing effect significantly, but also the pore content, which, for. B. can be increased to 25%.

Aufgrund der Tatsache, dass die Rührschaufeln 34 das Mischgut durch ihre Schränkung in erster Linie nach oben fördern und dass das Mischgut erst über den Ringschlitz 37 «in breiigem Zustand» abfliessen kann, entstehen nicht nur im Mischraum, sondern auch über dem weiteren Schlitz 26, vor allem im Stauraum 23 Stauungen des Trockengutes. Im Stauraum 23 befinden sich demgemäss neben dem Trockengut auch Luftblasen oder Luftpolster, die, wie bereits bemerkt, unter einem geringen Luftdruck von einigen Zehntel bar stehen. Diese Luft wird dann dem Trockengut im Mischraum zugeführt und dem Mischgut eingemischt.Due to the fact that the mixing blades 34 primarily convey the mixture upwards due to its inclination and that the mixture can only flow out "in a mushy state" via the ring slot 37, not only in the mixing chamber but also over the further slot 26, 23 stowages of the dry goods, especially in the storage space. Accordingly, in addition to the dry goods, there are also air bubbles or air cushions in the storage space 23, which, as already noted, are under a low air pressure of a few tenths of a bar. This air is then fed to the dry material in the mixing room and mixed into the mixed material.

Besonders zweckmässig erweist sich auch die Erhöhung des Luftporengehaltes bei feinkörnigen oder feinen Putzsorten, wie Kalk-Zement-Putzen, die in Innen- oder Aussenräumen maschinell einlagig aufgebracht werden können.Increasing the air void content has also proven to be particularly useful in the case of fine-grained or fine types of plaster, such as lime-cement plaster, which can be mechanically applied in one layer in the interior or exterior.

Während die Oberwandung 22 am Gehäuse 3 befestigt ist, ist ein Scharnier 51 vorgesehen, um die Mischvorrichtung, z.B. zu Reinigungszwecken abklappen zu können.While the top wall 22 is attached to the housing 3, a hinge 51 is provided to secure the mixing device, e.g. to be able to fold down for cleaning purposes.

Durch das erfindungsgemässe Mischverfahren bzw. mit der erfindungsgemässen Mischvorrichtung kann der Luftporengehalt bei allen Trockenfertigmörteln erhöht werden, deren Luftporengehalt auch mit Chargenmischern mit entsprechend langer Verweilzeit erhöht werden kann. Gegenüber der Verwendung von Mischrohren, also kontinuierlichen Mischvorrichtungen sind jedoch entscheidende Verbesserungen erreichbar. So ist z. B. bei einem Kalk-Gips-Putz mit einem gewöhnlichen Mischrohr ein Luftporengehalt von nur 7-10% gegenüber 15-20% mit der erfindungsgemässen Vorrichtung erreichbar; die entsprechenden Werte lauten für einen Kalk-Zement-Putz 7-12% gegenüber 20-25%. Bei einem bekannten Wärmedämm-Putz lauten die Werte 25-30% gegenüber 45-50%.By means of the mixing method according to the invention or with the mixing device according to the invention, the air pore content in all ready-to-dry mortars can be increased, the air pore content of which can also be increased with batch mixers with a correspondingly long residence time. However, decisive improvements can be achieved compared to the use of mixing tubes, that is to say continuous mixing devices. So z. B. in a lime-gypsum plaster with an ordinary mixing tube, an air pore content of only 7-10% compared to 15-20% can be achieved with the device according to the invention; the corresponding values for a lime-cement plaster are 7-12% compared to 20-25%. In the case of a known thermal insulation plaster, the values are 25-30% compared to 45-50%.

Auch wird durch den erhöhten Luftporengehalt die Frostbeständigkeit des Putzes verbessert. Die längere Mischzeit führt ferner dazu, dass alle Zusätze des Trockenfertigmörtels eine längere Lösezeit zur Verfügung haben und damit vollständiger zur Wirkung kommen.The frost resistance of the plaster is also improved by the increased air pore content. The longer mixing time also means that all of the dry mortar additives have a longer dissolving time and are therefore more effective.

Claims (24)

1. Method for the continuous production of a mixture of coarse-grained to powdery dry material, more particularly dry prepared mortar, and wet material in a mixing chamber (30) to which a storage container (7) for the dry material is connected at the inlet side and an extraction device (43) for the mixed material at the outlet side, where the dry material with air entrained therein and the wet material which is under pressure is conducted to the mixing chamber (30) and mixed by means of an agitator (33, 34), characterised in that the mixing chamber (30) is protected against the escape of air by the fact that the dry material on the way from the storage container (7) to the mixing chamber (30), and the mixed material on the way to the extraction device (43) is conducted through slits (14, 26, 37) which effect restrictions of the through passageway.
2. Method as claimed in claim 1, characterised in that the mixed material is prepared in several compartments in the mixing chamber (3) which are separated by dividing walls (33, 35, 45) and which are linked with one another via the said slits (37) via gaps or bores (50).
3. Method as claimed in claim 1 or 2, characterised in that the wet material is formed by a liquid and/or foam material and is introduced in a finely distributed state into the inside of the mixing chamber (30).
4. Method as claimed in one of the claims 1-3, characterised in that the mixed material is prepared for at least 10 seconds in the mixing chamber (30).
5. Apparatus for carrying out the method described in one of the claims 1-4 with a cylindrical, vertical mixing chamber (30) which has an agitator and to which a storage container (7) for the dry material is connected at the inlet side and an extraction device (43) for the mixed material at the outlet side, characterised in that the agitator (33, 34) has a rotary disc (33) extending transversally across the mixing chamber (30), the peripheral edge of which forms an annular slit (37), appropriate to the grain size of the dry material, with the wall (38) of the mixing chamber (30).
6. Apparatus as claimed in claim 5 in which the mixing chamber (30) which is provided with an essentially vertical driving shaft (1, 20) has a cylindrical inlet compartment (11), characterised in that the mixing chamber (30) is extended in a radial direction compared with the cylindrical inlet compartment (11) and is sealed in an essentially air-tight manner by means of the interposition of a storage compartment (23).
7. Apparatus as claimed in claim 5 or 6, characterised in that on the inside of the mixing chamber (30) a feed pipe (29) for the liquid and/or the foam material is provided the outlet openings (28) of which are distributed over the whole mixing chamber (30).
8. Apparatus as claimed in claim 7 characterised in that the feed pipe (29) is of annular construction and consists of a tube provided with bores, slits or other openings.
9. Apparatus as claimed in claim 7 or 8, characterised in that the feed pipe (29) for the liquid and/or the foam material is separated in the mixing chamber (30) from the feed pipe for the dry material by a stationary, cylindrical deflector wall (35).
10. Apparatus as claimed in one of the claims 5-9, characterised in that the agitator (33, 34) of the mixing chamber (30) is fixed on a shaft butt (20) which is connected in a detachable manner to the coaxial driving shaft (1) via a coupling (18).
11. Apparatus as claimed in one of the claims 6-10, with a dry material feed essentially through gravity, characterised in that the cylindrical inlet compartment (11) disposed above the storage compartment (23) is provided at least on the end facing the storage compartment (23) with paddles (15) and/or blades (16) fixed on the driving shaft (11).
12. Apparatus as claimed in claim 11, characterised in that the paddles (15) and/or blades are provided at least directly above the openings (14) leading to the storage compartment (23).
13. Apparatus as claimed in claim 12, characterised in that a slip (14) encircling a casing (2) of the driving shaft (1) is provided as the opening for the dry material to enter into the storage compartment (23).
14. Apparatus as claimed in one of the claims 6-13, characterised in that for the passage of the dry material out of the storage compartment (23) into the mixing chamber (3) a further slit (26) is provided between a stationary housing wall (3) surrounding the shaft butt (20) at a distance and a disc (24) provided where appropriate with paddies (25).
15. Apparatus as claimed in one of the claims 5-14, characterised in that paddles (34) which are directed upwards are arranged on the rotary disc (33).
16. Apparatus as claimed in claim 15, characterised in that on the edge of the rotary disc (33) pins or places (36) running parallel to the wall (38) of the mixing chamber (30) are disposed upright.
17. Apparatus as claimed in claim 15 or 16, characterised in that the rotary disc (33) is provided with small bores, holes or other openings (50) for the extraction of air at a distance of about one third of the length of the paddle from the wall (38) of the mixing chamber (30).
18. Apparatus as claimed in one of the claims 15-17, characterised in that plates, tines or blades (46) are arranged parallel to the axis of rotation on the underside of the rotary disc (33).
19. Apparatus as claimed in one of the claims 5-18, characterised in that the bottom wall (40) adjoining the wall (38) of the mixing chamber is shaped like a truncated cone and the central section (41) of the bottom wall extends perpendicular to the axis of rotation.
20. Apparatus as claimed in claim 19 characterised in that the section (41) of the bottom wall (40) which extends perpendicular to the axis of rotation carries a ring (45) designed as a baffle for the mixed material, the upper edge of which projects beyond the under side of the plates, tines or blades (46).
21. Apparatus as claimed in one of the claims 10-20, characterised in that the shaft butt (20) supporting the agitator (33, 34) is provided on its lower end with an adapter for a coupling of the extraction device (43), and in that between the coupling and the straight-line section (41) of the bottom wall (40) a further annular slit (42) for extracting the mixed material is provided.
22. Apparatus as claimed in one of the claims 5-21, characterised in that the top wall (22) of the mixing chamber (30) is fixed on the housing wall (3) surrounding the cylindrical inlet compartment (11) and has a hinge for moving the mixing chamber (30) down.
23. Apparatus as claimed in one of the claims 5-21, characterised in that the top wall (22) of the mixing chamber (30) is fixed on the housing wall (3) surrounding the cylindrical inlet compartment (11) and the mixing chamber (30) is detachably connected to the top wall (22).
24. Apparatus as claimed in one of the claims 6-23, characterised in that the paddles (34) which are fixed on the rotary disc (33) are secured with their inside edges to a cylinder (31) which encircles the shaft butt (20) at a distance therefrom and which carries the disc (24) closing off the storage compartment (23).
EP80102740A 1979-05-17 1980-05-16 Method and apparatus for continuously mixing of dry and wet products, especially of dry mortar ready for use Expired EP0019288B1 (en)

Priority Applications (1)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
AT80102740T ATE12201T1 (en) 1979-05-17 1980-05-16 METHOD AND DEVICE FOR CONTINUOUS MIXING OF DRY AND WET MATERIAL, IN PARTICULAR DRY READY MORTAR.

Applications Claiming Priority (2)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
DE2920025 1979-05-17
DE2920025A DE2920025C2 (en) 1979-05-17 1979-05-17 Device for the continuous production and conveying of plaster mortar or the like

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EP0019288A1 EP0019288A1 (en) 1980-11-26
EP0019288B1 true EP0019288B1 (en) 1985-03-20

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US (1) US4436430A (en)
EP (1) EP0019288B1 (en)
AT (1) ATE12201T1 (en)
DE (1) DE2920025C2 (en)
ES (1) ES8101458A1 (en)

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Also Published As

Publication number Publication date
ATE12201T1 (en) 1985-04-15
EP0019288A1 (en) 1980-11-26
ES492072A0 (en) 1980-12-16
ES8101458A1 (en) 1980-12-16
DE2920025A1 (en) 1980-11-20
US4436430A (en) 1984-03-13
DE2920025C2 (en) 1982-11-11

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