EP0013427A1 - Spherical fibrous aggregate - Google Patents

Spherical fibrous aggregate Download PDF

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Publication number
EP0013427A1
EP0013427A1 EP19790105379 EP79105379A EP0013427A1 EP 0013427 A1 EP0013427 A1 EP 0013427A1 EP 19790105379 EP19790105379 EP 19790105379 EP 79105379 A EP79105379 A EP 79105379A EP 0013427 A1 EP0013427 A1 EP 0013427A1
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EP
European Patent Office
Prior art keywords
fibers
ball
fiber aggregate
fiber
aggregate according
Prior art date
Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
Granted
Application number
EP19790105379
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German (de)
French (fr)
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EP0013427B1 (en
Inventor
S A Breveteam
Current Assignee (The listed assignees may be inaccurate. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation or warranty as to the accuracy of the list.)
Breveteam SA
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Breveteam SA
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Filing date
Publication date
Priority claimed from CH15779A external-priority patent/CH625931B/en
Application filed by Breveteam SA filed Critical Breveteam SA
Priority to AT79105379T priority Critical patent/ATE7520T1/en
Publication of EP0013427A1 publication Critical patent/EP0013427A1/en
Application granted granted Critical
Publication of EP0013427B1 publication Critical patent/EP0013427B1/en
Expired legal-status Critical Current

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    • DTEXTILES; PAPER
    • D04BRAIDING; LACE-MAKING; KNITTING; TRIMMINGS; NON-WOVEN FABRICS
    • D04HMAKING TEXTILE FABRICS, e.g. FROM FIBRES OR FILAMENTARY MATERIAL; FABRICS MADE BY SUCH PROCESSES OR APPARATUS, e.g. FELTS, NON-WOVEN FABRICS; COTTON-WOOL; WADDING ; NON-WOVEN FABRICS FROM STAPLE FIBRES, FILAMENTS OR YARNS, BONDED WITH AT LEAST ONE WEB-LIKE MATERIAL DURING THEIR CONSOLIDATION
    • D04H1/00Non-woven fabrics formed wholly or mainly of staple fibres or like relatively short fibres
    • D04H1/40Non-woven fabrics formed wholly or mainly of staple fibres or like relatively short fibres from fleeces or layers composed of fibres without existing or potential cohesive properties
    • D04H1/44Non-woven fabrics formed wholly or mainly of staple fibres or like relatively short fibres from fleeces or layers composed of fibres without existing or potential cohesive properties the fleeces or layers being consolidated by mechanical means, e.g. by rolling
    • D04H1/46Non-woven fabrics formed wholly or mainly of staple fibres or like relatively short fibres from fleeces or layers composed of fibres without existing or potential cohesive properties the fleeces or layers being consolidated by mechanical means, e.g. by rolling by needling or like operations to cause entanglement of fibres
    • BPERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B68SADDLERY; UPHOLSTERY
    • B68GMETHODS, EQUIPMENT, OR MACHINES FOR USE IN UPHOLSTERING; UPHOLSTERY NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
    • B68G1/00Loose filling materials for upholstery
    • DTEXTILES; PAPER
    • D04BRAIDING; LACE-MAKING; KNITTING; TRIMMINGS; NON-WOVEN FABRICS
    • D04HMAKING TEXTILE FABRICS, e.g. FROM FIBRES OR FILAMENTARY MATERIAL; FABRICS MADE BY SUCH PROCESSES OR APPARATUS, e.g. FELTS, NON-WOVEN FABRICS; COTTON-WOOL; WADDING ; NON-WOVEN FABRICS FROM STAPLE FIBRES, FILAMENTS OR YARNS, BONDED WITH AT LEAST ONE WEB-LIKE MATERIAL DURING THEIR CONSOLIDATION
    • D04H1/00Non-woven fabrics formed wholly or mainly of staple fibres or like relatively short fibres
    • D04H1/40Non-woven fabrics formed wholly or mainly of staple fibres or like relatively short fibres from fleeces or layers composed of fibres without existing or potential cohesive properties
    • D04H1/42Non-woven fabrics formed wholly or mainly of staple fibres or like relatively short fibres from fleeces or layers composed of fibres without existing or potential cohesive properties characterised by the use of certain kinds of fibres insofar as this use has no preponderant influence on the consolidation of the fleece
    • D04H1/4266Natural fibres not provided for in group D04H1/425
    • DTEXTILES; PAPER
    • D04BRAIDING; LACE-MAKING; KNITTING; TRIMMINGS; NON-WOVEN FABRICS
    • D04HMAKING TEXTILE FABRICS, e.g. FROM FIBRES OR FILAMENTARY MATERIAL; FABRICS MADE BY SUCH PROCESSES OR APPARATUS, e.g. FELTS, NON-WOVEN FABRICS; COTTON-WOOL; WADDING ; NON-WOVEN FABRICS FROM STAPLE FIBRES, FILAMENTS OR YARNS, BONDED WITH AT LEAST ONE WEB-LIKE MATERIAL DURING THEIR CONSOLIDATION
    • D04H1/00Non-woven fabrics formed wholly or mainly of staple fibres or like relatively short fibres
    • D04H1/40Non-woven fabrics formed wholly or mainly of staple fibres or like relatively short fibres from fleeces or layers composed of fibres without existing or potential cohesive properties
    • D04H1/42Non-woven fabrics formed wholly or mainly of staple fibres or like relatively short fibres from fleeces or layers composed of fibres without existing or potential cohesive properties characterised by the use of certain kinds of fibres insofar as this use has no preponderant influence on the consolidation of the fleece
    • D04H1/4282Addition polymers
    • D04H1/4291Olefin series
    • DTEXTILES; PAPER
    • D04BRAIDING; LACE-MAKING; KNITTING; TRIMMINGS; NON-WOVEN FABRICS
    • D04HMAKING TEXTILE FABRICS, e.g. FROM FIBRES OR FILAMENTARY MATERIAL; FABRICS MADE BY SUCH PROCESSES OR APPARATUS, e.g. FELTS, NON-WOVEN FABRICS; COTTON-WOOL; WADDING ; NON-WOVEN FABRICS FROM STAPLE FIBRES, FILAMENTS OR YARNS, BONDED WITH AT LEAST ONE WEB-LIKE MATERIAL DURING THEIR CONSOLIDATION
    • D04H1/00Non-woven fabrics formed wholly or mainly of staple fibres or like relatively short fibres
    • D04H1/40Non-woven fabrics formed wholly or mainly of staple fibres or like relatively short fibres from fleeces or layers composed of fibres without existing or potential cohesive properties
    • D04H1/44Non-woven fabrics formed wholly or mainly of staple fibres or like relatively short fibres from fleeces or layers composed of fibres without existing or potential cohesive properties the fleeces or layers being consolidated by mechanical means, e.g. by rolling
    • D04H1/45Non-woven fabrics formed wholly or mainly of staple fibres or like relatively short fibres from fleeces or layers composed of fibres without existing or potential cohesive properties the fleeces or layers being consolidated by mechanical means, e.g. by rolling by forming intermeshing loops or stitches from some of the fibres
    • DTEXTILES; PAPER
    • D04BRAIDING; LACE-MAKING; KNITTING; TRIMMINGS; NON-WOVEN FABRICS
    • D04HMAKING TEXTILE FABRICS, e.g. FROM FIBRES OR FILAMENTARY MATERIAL; FABRICS MADE BY SUCH PROCESSES OR APPARATUS, e.g. FELTS, NON-WOVEN FABRICS; COTTON-WOOL; WADDING ; NON-WOVEN FABRICS FROM STAPLE FIBRES, FILAMENTS OR YARNS, BONDED WITH AT LEAST ONE WEB-LIKE MATERIAL DURING THEIR CONSOLIDATION
    • D04H13/00Other non-woven fabrics
    • YGENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y10TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC
    • Y10TTECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER US CLASSIFICATION
    • Y10T428/00Stock material or miscellaneous articles
    • Y10T428/23907Pile or nap type surface or component
    • Y10T428/23986With coating, impregnation, or bond
    • YGENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y10TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC
    • Y10TTECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER US CLASSIFICATION
    • Y10T428/00Stock material or miscellaneous articles
    • Y10T428/24Structurally defined web or sheet [e.g., overall dimension, etc.]
    • Y10T428/24058Structurally defined web or sheet [e.g., overall dimension, etc.] including grain, strips, or filamentary elements in respective layers or components in angular relation
    • Y10T428/24074Strand or strand-portions
    • Y10T428/24091Strand or strand-portions with additional layer[s]
    • YGENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y10TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC
    • Y10TTECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER US CLASSIFICATION
    • Y10T428/00Stock material or miscellaneous articles
    • Y10T428/24Structurally defined web or sheet [e.g., overall dimension, etc.]
    • Y10T428/24942Structurally defined web or sheet [e.g., overall dimension, etc.] including components having same physical characteristic in differing degree
    • Y10T428/24992Density or compression of components
    • YGENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y10TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC
    • Y10TTECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER US CLASSIFICATION
    • Y10T428/00Stock material or miscellaneous articles
    • Y10T428/249921Web or sheet containing structurally defined element or component
    • Y10T428/249922Embodying intertwined or helical component[s]
    • YGENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y10TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC
    • Y10TTECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER US CLASSIFICATION
    • Y10T442/00Fabric [woven, knitted, or nonwoven textile or cloth, etc.]
    • Y10T442/30Woven fabric [i.e., woven strand or strip material]
    • Y10T442/3707Woven fabric including a nonwoven fabric layer other than paper
    • Y10T442/3724Needled

Definitions

  • the invention relates to a spherical fiber aggregate in which the individual fibers, which are not twisted together, are entangled, and which has a diameter of at least 3 mm.
  • Spherical fiber aggregates of the type mentioned at the outset are already known (DE-OS 28 11 004), which consist of lumps of matted short fibers or pieces of thread and are suitable as sealing or cushioning material. A collection of a large number of fiber pieces is undesirable for sufficient matting.
  • matted fibers are known to be a random, inextricable mass or a jumble of fibers in a crossed position with high density (Jaumann, New large manual of textile science, specialist book publisher Dr. Pfannenberg & Co., Giessen, 1956, 2nd edition, pages 689 - 693), which is more than 0.1 g / cm 3 , for example up to 0.6 g / cm 8 , (manual for textile engineers and textile practitioners, subject T 14, E.
  • spherical fiber agglomerations of 5 mm in diameter are known (DE - PS 12 83 084 or FR - PS 14 22 835, DE - AS 15 61 625 or BE - PS 682.175), in which wood fibers are only placed against each other and which consist of one aqueous suspension to avoid their dissolution by means of weak turbulence acting over several hours.
  • the fiber balls separated and dried from the suspension have a density of 0.02 - 1 and their size corresponds strictly to the length of the fibers, which is 0.2 - 15 mm. Because of the dependence of the ball size on the respective fiber length, a structure of the ball from fibers placed against one another is decisive and limited to the use of a selected fiber material.
  • Such fiber structures are particularly suitable only for the production of building boards, moldings or paper because of the short fibers and the use of binders.
  • the combustible spherical fiber structures known from F R - P S 898.980 are also made of felted fibers and therefore also do not have properties that go beyond use as a fuel.
  • the spherical fiber aggregate of the type mentioned at the outset is characterized in that there is a ball yarn in which the fibers are spherically entangled with a length of at least 15 mm in a needled density.
  • the ball yarn with the features described above is proposed as the basis for the fiber aggregate according to the invention.
  • the ball yarn according to the invention therefore surprisingly has a structure in which the fibers, owing to their sufficient length of at least 15 mm, are essentially arranged to follow the curvature or can be present in a correspondingly oriented manner, so they're spherically involved. Due to their needled density according to the invention, the individual fibers are not only accessible individually, but are, for example, in a sufficiently loose arrangement.
  • the ball yarn is, for example, also passively needle-capable, ie fibers can be guided through or pulled through it or introduced into it.
  • the spherical entanglement of the fibers in the ball yarn ensures a strength that allows it to be handled without its dissolution, because the fibers are held in the ball yarn by the complicated arrangement and, for example, obtain a desired pre-consolidation with one another, similar to, for example, a conventional loosely twisted fiber yarn.
  • the ball yarn Due to the shape of the ball yarn there is, for example, a discrete structure or a body with limited dimensions and a closed structure and with a surface in which the fibers are held by their arrangement, for example, with their ends inside the ball yarn and secured against undesired falling out.
  • the ball yarn therefore has greater cohesion, for example tensile strength and abrasion resistance, than a known untwisted fiber structure, such as, for example, a fiber flake, in which the surface has fibers projecting outwards.
  • the ball yarn according to the invention contains, for example, individual fibers, ie individual fibers of finite length, and the shape and the round Cross-section stands out due to the spherically entangled arrangement of the fibers, which are spherically loosely entangled or curled.
  • the ball yarn can also contain spherically entangled pieces of helically spun fibers or fiber pieces made of individual fibers lying in parallel.
  • the ball yarn is e.g. in contrast to fibers, tufts of fibers or fiber flakes on the one hand and the known yarns on the other hand preferably more or less free-flowing or rollable.
  • the shape of the ball yarn can be either spherical or spherical, i.e. also be elongated or of elongated shape and is therefore preferably in a cross section e.g. like a yarn essentially round, i.e. it has a circular cross section.
  • a length to width ratio of e.g. about 1: 1 the spherical granule is then approximately or completely round, while with a ratio of width to length of e.g. approximately 1: 2 approximately oval and with a width to length ratio of e.g. 1: 3 to 1: 5 can be approximately worm-shaped. It can also have a cylindrical shape.
  • the ball yarn Due to its free-flowing and rolling properties, the ball yarn can e.g. well handled in the process of mixing and layering and therefore its structure can be used in textile fabrics, e.g. in CH - Patent No. (CH Application No. 157 / 79-0 dated 9.1.1979, titled "Textile fabrics and its use”) and to which reference is made here.
  • the so-called textile composites or nonwovens there is an even fiber distribution of the dissolved fiber material and a desired cohesion of the fiber layer, so that favorable conditions are created for needling.
  • the known flat structures therefore have a uniform surface, and the fiber orientation corresponds to the desired anisotropy of the properties of the finished product (e.g. R. Kroma, Nonwoven Textiles SNTL Publishens of Technical Literature, Moscow 1962, in coedition with Textiles Trade Press, Manchester, 1967, page 43, or R. Krcma Handbuch der Texcilverbundstoffe, Deutscher fraverlag GmbH, Frankfurt / M., 1970, page 167).
  • a structure of the fiber layer for example from fiber flocks is possible, but results weighed its flat cross section no d US reaching structure-forming projections and depressions on the surface of the fiber layer.
  • the known needled flax structures are therefore only limited to meet the requirements, for example for a visually or optically interesting or technically uneven design.
  • fibers deposited in a surface can be erected perpendicular to the surface with loops by special treatment processes, or you can structure the fiber layer with special arrangement and shrinkage of shrink fibers (e.g. CH - PS 529.247). Colored effects can also be achieved, as is known, by using colored fiber flakes, by mixing fibers of different colors, by needling back a different colored fiber layer or the like. Although these products have certain advantages over other types of needle felts, they are much more expensive to manufacture. In particular, these structures also have the typical disadvantageous characteristic of needle felts, which is why in the flooring area e.g. because of their high fiber density, the desired comfort cannot be achieved. For e.g. For this reason, duvet covers and clothing are practically out of the question.
  • Needled carpets have also become known in which yarns spun from wool are placed in parallel on a support and fastened to it by needling, with subsequent bonding with a binder.
  • the twisted, relatively thick yarns do bind the wool fibers well together, so that subsequent needling, which is less violent than usual, is required and a relatively good thread structure is retained.
  • the high manufacturing outlay and, for example, a restriction in terms of thickness, color or pattern are disadvantageous.
  • any unevenness between the parallel rows of yarn appears immediately.
  • Such yarns cannot, of course, be mixed with other, for example loose, fiber layers for the purpose of patterning.
  • the ball yarn with the individual, untwisted fibers which are spherically entangled without being felted in a needled density, can therefore be used in a non-woven, consolidated fiber layer of a textile fabric, which is formed by needling fibers, e.g. by means of which the fibers can be solidified.
  • Inter 'needling fibers are also to be understood in the following as those which can result not only from the needling technique in nonwovens, for example in the case of nonwovens or textile composites, but also when crocheting, knitting or the like, for example actively or passively integrated, so that the ball yarn also in one crocheted or knitted fiber structures can be present and attached or fastened, but the ball thread can also be sewn, for example using the multi-needle method, which is why fibers of sewing threads or these themselves are to be understood as needling fibers.
  • the ball yarns can be present in an amount of approximately 10-100% by weight, based on the total weight of the fiber layer.
  • the round ball yarns can have a diameter of 3 - 50 mm.
  • the worm-shaped ball yarns can have a thickness of approx. 3 - 50 mm and a length of 9 - 150 mm, for example.
  • the size or thickness of the individual ball yarns depends, for example, apart from the aser fineness, fiber quality and fiber length, on the amount of fibers involved.
  • the fiber density ie the packing density of the fibers, can be, for example, 0.01 to 0.1 g / cm 3 in a loosely laid ball yarn.
  • the textile fabric thus preferably has novel properties which depend, for example, on the type, density and needling of the ball yarns.
  • the ball yarns can be of the same or Texture. Every ball yarn Contain fibers or fiber mixtures or have one or more colors.
  • the ball yarn fibers can have different lengths and therefore short fibers or those of, for example, waste yarns, ie of different origin and color.
  • Natural fibers such as cotton or wool fibers or animal hair, such as goat hair, fur hair or the like, or synthetic fibers of various types, for example one or more multifilaments, such as those made of polyamide, polypropylene, polyester, glass fibers or the like, can be used, with textured e.g. crimped fibers can result in additional structuring and bulk.
  • the stack lengths can be chosen as desired within the scope of the manufacturing possibilities and are, for example, 40-120 mm.
  • the fiber titer can be between 3 dtex and 100 dtex, preferably between 6 and 40 dtex preferred, although it can be beneficial to add a portion of coarse fibers for a desired structuring.
  • ball yarn can lie next to ball yarn.
  • This allows a single-layer structure and thus a single-layer textile fabric to be formed, which e.g. has a disc that corresponds to the thickness of the ball yarn after needling.
  • Ball yarns can also be laid one on top of the other, so that a correspondingly thicker fiber layer can be formed, and the ball yarns can have different sizes or diameters and e.g. Ball yarns of different sizes can be mixed together.
  • the fiber layer can be made up of a layer of ball yarns of large diameter and an overlying layer of ball yarns of smaller diameter and both layers can be consolidated by needling.
  • the ball yarns in the fiber layer can also be mixed with or embedded in a fiber material, for example the same as described above for the ball yarn, but of a different shape, for example with elongated fiber pieces, fiber flakes or fibers themselves, if this is the case for additional consolidation, patterning or filling of spaces between the ball yarns is desired.
  • a mixture of ball yarns with another Fibrous material can be advantageous when using the textile fabric according to the invention, for example for outer clothing purposes.
  • the fiber layer can, however, also be needled with a carrier layer, so that the ball yarns are fastened thereon.
  • the ball yarns can, in particular, also be placed loosely on the carrier layer and connected to it by needling.
  • the backing layer can be a passively needled sheet, e.g. a plastic film, grid film, a mesh, a woven fabric, a knitted fabric, fiber composite, paper, cardboard or the like.
  • the backing layer can also be an actively needlable fabric, so that the textile fabric can additionally be needled from the needlable backing layer.
  • a layer of a material of a different shape than the ball yarns can be attached with the ball yarns over the fiber layer, e.g. consist of textile fibers or of non-textile nature or composition and e.g. can be of the type of that of the carrier layer.
  • the cover layer can be actively needled and connected to the ball yarn layer and optionally to the carrier layer by needling.
  • the cover layer can prevent damage from excessive needling of pre-consolidated ball yarns.
  • the risk of damage to the ball yarns can also be avoided by mixing them with another fiber material as described above.
  • the fiber layer preferably contains the ball yarns over an entire extent of the textile fabric; however, these can also be present in a pattern only over part of the extent of the textile fabric.
  • textile fabrics can be created with any desired structure, any type and appearance and also, for example, an aesthetic pattern.
  • the textile fabric can be used for a textile fabric, for example a floor or wall covering, a bedspread, for clothing fabrics, for decorative fabrics or textile covering fabrics, for example for covering upholstered furniture, but also for insulation purposes will.
  • the ball yarns can be of the type e.g. by entangling or by tangling fibers into balls or elongated structures between the fingers of the hand.
  • Technical manufacturing processes for spherical fiber aggregates are e.g. known from DE-OS 28 11 004 already mentioned.
  • a textile curse structure 1 consists of a non-woven pas layer 2, which contains individual spherical fiber aggregates.
  • Each fiber aggregate 3 is constructed from fibers 4 which are spherically entangled, e.g. are entangled or curled up like a ball.
  • the fiber aggregates 3 are separate round bodies, i.e. round ball gait 3a, from which the fiber layer 2 is constructed.
  • the ball yarns 3a and thus the fiber layer 2 are needled and solidified by holding fibers 5 originating from the ball yarns 3a.
  • the needle-capable fibers 4 can therefore be gripped by needles, such as those used to solidify textile fabrics in needle felting technology, without great resistance and without substantial destruction of the fiber layer and also without excessive wear of the needles, and in the direction transverse to the surface plane of the fiber layer 2 the ball yarns 3a are passed through.
  • the textile fabric 1 consists solely of the fiber layer 2 composed of a plurality of ball yarns 3a, which preferably have a regular shape and essentially uniform dimensions, and therefore has a thickness A, which is equal to a diameter B of the individual needled ball yarn 3a.
  • the hardening can also be done with other suitable needle techniques e.g. with Maliwatt, Malimo or Malipol procedures.
  • the textile fabric 1 has a non-uniform, e.g. knob-like, i.e. structured surface 6.
  • the fiber layers 2 or optionally protruding or protruding holding fibers 5 can additionally be provided by a binder (not shown), e.g. can be additionally solidified by soaking with the same and then drying.
  • FIGS. 2 and 3 show, there is a non-woven fiber layer 7 made of ball yarns 8 with spherically entangled fibers 9 and therefore has a non-uniform, e.g. structured surface 11.
  • a carrier layer 12 e.g. connected from a nonwoven fabric so that a textile fabric 13 is present.
  • the ball yarns 8 have a round shape when they are in the un-needled state.
  • the round ball yarns are pressed flat or flat by needling (Fig. 2), which e.g. depends on the strength or intensity of the needling or the bulk of the ball yarns.
  • the needling can also result in a constriction, so that there can be an original structure, such as that e.g. cannot be achieved with two-dimensional, flat-laid fibers.
  • a non-woven fiber layer 14 contains worm-shaped ball yarns 15 of various sizes made of spherically entangled fibers 16.
  • the ball yarns 15 are needled by means of holding fibers 17 with a carrier layer 18 and fastened thereon, so that a textile fabric 19 is present overall.
  • a non-uniform surface 20 with a particularly pronounced structure.
  • a fibrous layer 21 according to FIG. 7 contains distributed spherical yarns 22 made of spherically entangled fibers 23.
  • the spherical yarns 22 are embedded in a fibrous material 24 which fills the spaces 25 between the spherical yarns 22 and forms the fibrous layer 21 together with them.
  • the ball yarns 22 are fastened together with the fiber material 24 by means of holding fibers 26 by needling on a carrier layer 27.
  • a cover layer 28 made of a fiber material of a different shape than that of the ball yarns 22 can be placed over the ball yarns 22, through which the ball yarns 22 are connected to the carrier layer 27 by needling.
  • the fiber layer 21 with the spherical yarns 22, the fiber material 24 and the cover layer 28 together with the carrier layer 27 in turn forms a textile fabric 29 with a e.g. patterned surface.
  • a fiber layer 30 contains ball yarns 31 and 31a of different sizes which are superimposed and which are connected to a carrier layer 33 by means of holding fibers 32 by means of needling.
  • a textile fabric 34 with a pronounced structure in the surface 35.
  • the ball yarn can be made with any other material or fiber, e.g. Fur material, coconut fibers, goat hair, pieces of fur or the like are mixed or even consist of a mixture of natural or synthetic fibers. It can be used in carpets, needle felting or the like.
  • a carrier layer can shrink.
  • the use of the ball yarn means that the shrinkage cannot affect the width of the goods.
  • Fig. 9 shows the construction of a ball yarn 36 from individual fibers 37, which are spherically entangled. They are loosely intertwined, with their ends 38 loosely wrapped around other fibers 37 or spherically curled around them, as a result of which they are retained in the fiber structure.
  • spherical orientation corresponding to the spherical shape of the ball yarn 36 in the spatial dimensions according to arrows A, B and C.
  • the fibers 37 are not matted by smaller or larger air spaces 39, the dimensions of which substantially exceed those of the fiber thickness, that is to say essentially separated from one another and with a length of at least 15 mm, and are in contact with one another only through the loose interlacing. There is therefore a structure of the loosely intertwined fibers 37, so that they can be individually detected and can be pulled out of the ball yarn 36 without significant resistance and without disintegration.
  • the ball yarn 36 therefore has a low, needled density and, for example, a bulkyness, through which it can be compressed without great effort.
  • the ball yarn 36 has a three-dimensional extent and also an elasticity, by means of which it can essentially or completely return to its original shape after relief. This cannot be achieved, for example, in the case of fibers laid flat, that is to say two-dimensional structures, or in the case of twisted yarns with their fibers which are closely adjacent to one another by twisting and are therefore present in high density.
  • the ball yarn according to the invention therefore has e.g. completely different properties compared to the known hard structures made of matted short fibers, which, because of their high density of e.g. Needles not penetrated and also because of their fiber length of 3 mm they cannot be grasped by them, i.e. are not needled.
  • the ball yarn due to its needled density, the ball yarn can be pierced in its entire thickness in a needling process without dissolving, the fibers 37 being gripped due to their length of at least 15 mm and being able to be pulled through the ball yarn 36.
  • the ball yarn according to the invention can also not be compared with a pimple or a nisse, which is known to consist of a tangle of intertwined fibers which have been drawn into a nodule (P. Boettcher, Textiltechnik, VEB subuchverlag, Leipzig, 1970, pages 750 and 758). They are therefore also hard structures with high density made of felted fibers and therefore do not have a needle density like the ball yarn according to the invention. A nit is also an unwanted or undesirable faulty product and has a size of less than 3 well, i.e. for this reason alone, it is not needlable and contains e.g. only 10 single fibers.
  • the ball yarn according to the invention is made up of considerably more than 10 individual fibers and represents a finished desired product, which e.g. can flow or roll over yarns, knobs or nits.
  • the ball yarn according to the invention can be used, e.g. B. in a textile fabric, be pre-consolidated.
  • the natural felting ability of wool fibers can be used, by means of which an additional strength can be achieved in the ball yarn while maintaining its needle density, in addition to the spherical entanglement of the fibers.
  • the Ball yarn can also be soaked or coated with a binder.
  • the loose structure of the same is advantageous because the surface of the individual fibers can be reached by the binder and this can fully penetrate into the ball yarn.
  • the surface of the single fiber is blocked by adjacent fibers and therefore cannot be reached for a binder in the same way as with ball yarn, which also applies, for example, to a colorant.
  • ball yarns are listed in the table below, with different types of fibers being entered against ball yarn size, fiber values and needling conditions:
  • the needling conditions are, for example, only one parameter in a series of conditions which are determined, for example, by the qualitative requirements for the ball yarn or the textile fabric.
  • the needle densities or stitch densities can be kept the same for different sizes and types of fibers of the ball yarns; However, the stitch density can also be reduced by 25 - 50% if this is advantageous due to, for example, the size of the ball yarn, fiber type or the like, because there is already a certain amount of pre-entanglement of the fibers due to their spherical entanglement in the ball yarn.
  • the ball diameter, ie the size of the ball yarn is, for example, independent on the fiber length. Balls of 4 mm in diameter and those of 25 mm in diameter can be produced with the same length of fiber.
  • the size of the balls can also depend on the fineness of the fibers, crimping of the fibers used or their modulus of elasticity.
  • a large number of ball yarns according to the invention can be distributed in an arbitrary manner, e.g. disordered or statistically distributed, in a single layer or in several layers on top of each other.
  • a fiber layer with a corresponding surface structure e.g. visual impression.
  • a dosed i.e. orderly placement of a plurality of ball yarns in a desired predetermined arrangement of the ball yarns, e.g. in a pattern, row-like, square-shaped or the like.
  • the fiber material in the form of spherical yarns can be arranged in the desired manner, e.g. dosing for needling in a surprising way.
  • the fiber material can therefore be deposited and solidified precisely at a desired location of a fiber layer to be produced or fastened to a carrier layer.

Abstract

Das sphärische Faseraggregat liegt als ein Kugelgarn (36) aus einzelnen Fasern (37) vor, die unverfilzt mit einer Länge von mindestens 15 mm in einer nadelfähigen Dichte sphärisch verwickelt sind. Sie sind mit ihren Enden (38) um andere Fasern (37) sphärisch geschlungen bzw. eingerollt, wodurch sie im Faserverband festgehalten werden. Durch die Struktur der locker verschlungenen Fasern (37) sind dieselben einzeln erfassbar und können daher in einer z.B. durch Vernadeln der Kugelgarne (36) verfestigten Faserschicht eines textilen Flächengebildes verwendet werden, das dann z.B. eine strukturierte Oberfläche oder visuell originelle Struktur aufweist.The spherical fiber aggregate is in the form of a ball yarn (36) made of individual fibers (37) which are spherically entangled with a length of at least 15 mm in a needled density. Their ends (38) are spherically looped or rolled around other fibers (37), as a result of which they are retained in the fiber structure. Due to the structure of the loosely intertwined fibers (37), they can be detected individually and can therefore be used in a e.g. can be used by needling the ball yarns (36) consolidated fiber layer of a textile fabric, which is then e.g. has a textured surface or a visually original structure.

Description

Die Erfindung betrifft ein sphärisches Faseraggregat, in welchem die individuellen, miteinander unverdrillten Fasern miteinander verwickelt sind, und das einen Durchmesser von mindestens 3 mm aufweist.The invention relates to a spherical fiber aggregate in which the individual fibers, which are not twisted together, are entangled, and which has a diameter of at least 3 mm.

Es sind bereits sphärische Faseraggregate der eingangs genannten Art bekannt (DE - OS 28 11 004), die aus Klümpchen aus verfilzten kurzen Fasern oder Fadenstücken bestehen und als Abdicht-oder Polstermaterial geeignet sind. Für die ausreichende Verfilzung ist dabei eine Ansammlung einer Vielzahl von Faserstücken unerwünscht. Verfilzte Fasern stellen jedoch bekanntlich eine regellose, unentwirrbare Masse bzw. ein Durcheinander von Fasern in verkreuzter Lage mit hoher Dichte dar (Jaumann, Neues grosses Handbuch der Textilkunde, Fachbuchverlag Dr. Pfannenberg & Co., Giessen, 1956, 2. Auflage, Seiten 689 - 693), die mehr als 0,1 g/cm3, z.B. bis zu 0,6 g/cm8 beträgt, (Handbuch für Textilingenieure und Textilpraktiker,-Fachteil T 14, E. Wagner, Mechanisch-Technologische Textilprüfungen, Dr. Spohr-Verlag, Wupperthal - Elberfeld, 1966, 8. Auflage, Seite 293). Aus verfilzten Fasern hergestellte Produkte haben daher bekanntlich auch einen schweren Griff (Fischer-Bobsin, Lexikon Textilveredlung und Grenzgebiete, Verlag Fischer-Bobsin, Dülmen-Daldrup, 1960, 2. Auflage, Seiten 694 - 695). Die bekannten Faserklümpchen lassen sich z.B. nur durch Bindemittel untereinander oder mit einem anderen Material, z.B. auf einem Träger befestigen. Insbesondere auch wegen ihrer kurzen Faserlängen von 3 mm sind sie daher nicht einsatzfähig, wenn Produkte mit geringer Härte und Dichte gewünscht bzw. erforderlich sind oder eine Weiterverarbeitung derselben unter bindemittelfreier Verfestigung, z.B. für textile Flächengebilde erfolgen soll.Spherical fiber aggregates of the type mentioned at the outset are already known (DE-OS 28 11 004), which consist of lumps of matted short fibers or pieces of thread and are suitable as sealing or cushioning material. A collection of a large number of fiber pieces is undesirable for sufficient matting. However, matted fibers are known to be a random, inextricable mass or a jumble of fibers in a crossed position with high density (Jaumann, New large manual of textile science, specialist book publisher Dr. Pfannenberg & Co., Giessen, 1956, 2nd edition, pages 689 - 693), which is more than 0.1 g / cm 3 , for example up to 0.6 g / cm 8 , (manual for textile engineers and textile practitioners, subject T 14, E. Wagner, Mechanical-Technological Textile Tests, Dr. Spohr Verlag, Wupperthal - Elberfeld, 1966, 8th edition, page 293). Products made from felted fibers are therefore known to have a heavy grip (Fischer-Bobsin, Lexicon textile finishing and border areas, Verlag Fischer-Bobsin, Dülmen-Daldrup, 1960, 2nd edition, pages 694 - 695). The known fiber lumps can, for example, only be attached to one another by means of binders or with another material, for example on a carrier. In particular because of their short fiber lengths of 3 mm they are therefore Not usable if products with low hardness and density are desired or necessary or if they are to be further processed with binding-free consolidation, eg for textile fabrics.

Des weiteren sind kugelige Faserzusammenballungen von 5 mm Durchmesser bekannt (DE - PS 12 83 084 bzw. FR - PS 14 22 835, DE - AS 15 61 625 oder BE - PS 682.175), bei denen Holzfasern lediglich aneinander gelegt sind und die aus einer wässerigen Suspension zur Vermeidung ihrer Auflösung mittels schwacher, über mehrere Stunden einwirkender Turbulenz derselben hergestellt werden. Die von der Suspension abgetrennten und getrockneten Faserkugeln haben eine Dichte von 0,02 - 1 und entsprechen in ihrer Grösse streng der Länge der Fasern, die 0,2 - 15 mm beträgt. Wegen der Abhängigkeit der Kugelgrösse von der jeweiligen Faserlänge ist daher ein Aufbau der Kugel aus aneinandergelegten Fasern massgebend und auf den Einsatz eines ausgewählten Fasermaterials beschränkt. Derartige Fasergebilde sind insbesondere wegen der kurzen Fasern und unter Verwendung von Bindemitteln nur für die Herstellung von Bauplatten, Formkörpern oder Papier geeignet.Furthermore, spherical fiber agglomerations of 5 mm in diameter are known (DE - PS 12 83 084 or FR - PS 14 22 835, DE - AS 15 61 625 or BE - PS 682.175), in which wood fibers are only placed against each other and which consist of one aqueous suspension to avoid their dissolution by means of weak turbulence acting over several hours. The fiber balls separated and dried from the suspension have a density of 0.02 - 1 and their size corresponds strictly to the length of the fibers, which is 0.2 - 15 mm. Because of the dependence of the ball size on the respective fiber length, a structure of the ball from fibers placed against one another is decisive and limited to the use of a selected fiber material. Such fiber structures are particularly suitable only for the production of building boards, moldings or paper because of the short fibers and the use of binders.

Auch die aus der FR - PS 898.980 bekannten brennbaren sphärischen Fasergebilde sind aus verfilzten Fasern aufgebaut und besitzen daher ebenfalls nicht Eigenschaften, die über eine Verwendung als Brennmaterial hinausgehen.The combustible spherical fiber structures known from F R - P S 898.980 are also made of felted fibers and therefore also do not have properties that go beyond use as a fuel.

Es ist daher die Aufgabe der vorliegenden Erfindung, ein sphärisches Faseragregat der eingangs genannten Art ohne die Nachteile der bekannten Faseragregate zu schaffen, das eine Struktur aufweisen soll, bei der die einzelnen Fasern trotz ihrer Verwicklung in einer geringen Dichte vorliegen, die ein Bewegen von Fasern durch das Faseragregat ermöglicht, und die einen ge- nügenden Zusammenhalt gewährleisten und eine breite Einsatzmög- lichkeit, z.B. in textilen Flächengebilden zulassen soll.It is therefore the object of the present invention to create a spherical fiber aggregate of the type mentioned at the outset without the disadvantages of the known fiber aggregates, which is to have a structure in which the individual fibers, despite their entanglement, are present in a low density, which is a movement of fibers friendliness, to allow in textile fabrics, for example - made possible by the Faseragregat, and ensure overall n u g border cohesion and a wide Einsatzmög.

'Zur Lösung der Aufgabe ist das sphärische Faseraggregat der eingangs genannten Art dadurch gekennzeichnet, dass ein Kugelgarn vorliegt, in welchem die Fasern unverfilzt mit einer Länge von mindestens 15 mm in einer nadelfähigen Dichte sphärisch verwickelt sind.To achieve the object, the spherical fiber aggregate of the type mentioned at the outset is characterized in that there is a ball yarn in which the fibers are spherically entangled with a length of at least 15 mm in a needled density.

Ausgehend von der Erkenntnis, dass sich kurze Fasern wegen ungenügender Länge sphärisch nicht verwickeln lassen und lediglich verfilzt oder aneinandergelegt zu einem sphärischen Faseraggregat zusammengefasst werden können, wird hier als Grundlage des erfindungsgemässen Γaseraggregates das Kugelgarn mi- den vorstehend beschriebenen Merkmalen vorgeschlagen. Im Gegensatz zum Stand der Technik weist das Kugelgarn nach der Erfindung daher in überraschender Weise eine Struktur auf, bei welcher die Fasern infolge ihrer ausreichenden Länge von mindestens 15 mm im wesentlichen der Krümmung.der Kugelgestalt folgend angeordnet sein bzw. dieser entsprechend orientiert vorliegen können, sodass sie sphärisch verwickelt sind. Durch ihre erfindungsgemäss nadelfähige Dichte sind die individuellen Fasern nicht nur einzeln zugänglich, sondern befinden sich z.B. in einer ausreichend lockeren Anordnung. Sie können daher einzeln z.B. durch Nadeln, wie sie aus der Vernadlungstechnik bekannt sind, erfasst und im wesentlichen ohne Widerstand gegenüber den andern Fasern im Faserverband des Kugelgarns bewegt und aus diesem herausgezogen d.h. aktiv vernadelt werden. Das Kugelgarn ist aber z.B. auch passiv nadelfähig, d.h. es können Fasern durch dasselbe hindurchgeführt oder gezogen oder in dasselbe hereingeführt werden. Die sphärische Verwicklung der Fasern im Kugelgarn gewährleistet jedoch eine Festigkeit, die eine Handhabung desselben ohne seine Auflösung erlaubt, weil durch die verwickelte Anordnung die Fasern im Kugelgarn festgehalten werden und z.B. eine gewünschte Vorverfestigung untereinander erhalten, ähnlich wie z.B. bei einem üblichen lose gedrehten Fasergarn. Durch die Gestalt des Kugelgarns liegt z.B. ein diskretes Gebilde oder ein Körper mit abgegrenzter Abmessung und einer geschlossenen Struktur und mit einer Oberfläche vor, in welcher die Fasern infolge ihrer Anordnung z.B. mit ihren Enden im Innern des Kugelgarns gehalten und gegen ein unerwünschtes Herausfallen gesichert sind. Trotz seiner Nadelfähigkeit weist das Kugelgarn daher einen grösseren Zusammenhalt, z.B. Zugfestigkeit und Abriebfestigkeit auf als ein bekannter ungedrehter Faserverband, wie z.B. eine Faserflocke, bei der die Oberfläche nach aussen abstehende Fasern besitzt. Das Kugelgarn nach der Erfindung enthält z.B. einzelne Fasern, d.h. Einzelfasern endlicher Länge, und die Gestalt und der runde Querschnitt entstcht durch die sphärisch verwickelte Anordnung der Fasern, die z.E. sphärisch lose verschlungen oder eingerollt sind. Das Kugelgarn kann aber auch sphärisch verwickelte Stücke von schraubenlinienf mig ineinander gesponnenen Fasern oder Faserstücke aus parallel liegenden einzelnen Fasern enthalten.On the basis of the knowledge that short fibers cannot be spherically entangled because of their insufficient length and can only be matted or placed together to form a spherical fiber aggregate, the ball yarn with the features described above is proposed as the basis for the fiber aggregate according to the invention. In contrast to the prior art, the ball yarn according to the invention therefore surprisingly has a structure in which the fibers, owing to their sufficient length of at least 15 mm, are essentially arranged to follow the curvature or can be present in a correspondingly oriented manner, so they're spherically involved. Due to their needled density according to the invention, the individual fibers are not only accessible individually, but are, for example, in a sufficiently loose arrangement. You can therefore individually, for example by needles, as they are known from needling technology, grasped and moved essentially without resistance to the other fibers in the fiber structure of the ball yarn and pulled out of it, ie actively needling. The ball yarn is, for example, also passively needle-capable, ie fibers can be guided through or pulled through it or introduced into it. The spherical entanglement of the fibers in the ball yarn, however, ensures a strength that allows it to be handled without its dissolution, because the fibers are held in the ball yarn by the complicated arrangement and, for example, obtain a desired pre-consolidation with one another, similar to, for example, a conventional loosely twisted fiber yarn. Due to the shape of the ball yarn there is, for example, a discrete structure or a body with limited dimensions and a closed structure and with a surface in which the fibers are held by their arrangement, for example, with their ends inside the ball yarn and secured against undesired falling out. Despite its needling ability, the ball yarn therefore has greater cohesion, for example tensile strength and abrasion resistance, than a known untwisted fiber structure, such as, for example, a fiber flake, in which the surface has fibers projecting outwards. The ball yarn according to the invention contains, for example, individual fibers, ie individual fibers of finite length, and the shape and the round Cross-section stands out due to the spherically entangled arrangement of the fibers, which are spherically loosely entangled or curled. The ball yarn can also contain spherically entangled pieces of helically spun fibers or fiber pieces made of individual fibers lying in parallel.

Das Kugelgarn ist infolge seiner Struktur z.B. im Gegensatz zu Fasern, Faserbüscheln oder zu Faserflocken einerseits und den bekannten Garnen andererseitseits vorzugsweise mehr oder weniger riesel- oder rollfähig. Die Gestalt des Kugelgarns kann dabei entweder kugelförmig oder kugelartig, d.h. auch länglich bzw. von gestreckter Form sein und ist daher vorzugsweise in einem Querschnitt z.B. wie ein Garn im wesentlichen rund, d.h. es besitzt einen kreisförmigen Querschnitt. Bei einem Verhältnis von Länge zu Breite von z.B. etwa 1 : 1 ist das Kugelgran dann annähernd oder vollständig rund, während es bei einem Verhältnis von Breite zu Länge von z.B. etwa 1 : 2 annähernd oval und bei einem Verhältnis von Breite zu Länge von z.B. 1 : 3 bis 1 : 5 annähernd wurmförmig sein kann. Es kann auch eine zylinderförmige Gestalt haben.Due to its structure, the ball yarn is e.g. in contrast to fibers, tufts of fibers or fiber flakes on the one hand and the known yarns on the other hand preferably more or less free-flowing or rollable. The shape of the ball yarn can be either spherical or spherical, i.e. also be elongated or of elongated shape and is therefore preferably in a cross section e.g. like a yarn essentially round, i.e. it has a circular cross section. With a length to width ratio of e.g. about 1: 1, the spherical granule is then approximately or completely round, while with a ratio of width to length of e.g. approximately 1: 2 approximately oval and with a width to length ratio of e.g. 1: 3 to 1: 5 can be approximately worm-shaped. It can also have a cylindrical shape.

Infolge seiner Riesel- und Rollfähigkeit kann das Kugelgarn z.B. beim Prozess der Mischung und Schichtenlegung gut gehandhabt und daher von seiner Struktur her in textilen Flächengebilden eingesetzt werden, wie es z.B. im CH - Patent Nr. (CH-Anmeldung Nr. 157/79-0 vom 9.1.1979, betitelt "Textiles Flächengebilde und dessen Verwendung") beschrieben ist und auf die an dieser Stelle verwiesen wird.Due to its free-flowing and rolling properties, the ball yarn can e.g. well handled in the process of mixing and layering and therefore its structure can be used in textile fabrics, e.g. in CH - Patent No. (CH Application No. 157 / 79-0 dated 9.1.1979, titled "Textile fabrics and its use") and to which reference is made here.

Bei den bekannten textilen Flächengebilden, den sogenannten Textilverbundstoffen oder Nonwovens, liegt eine gleichmässige Faserverteilung des aufgelösten Fasermaterials sowie eine gewünschte Kohäsion der Faserschicht vor, damit für das Vernadeln günstige Verhältnisse geschaffen werden. Die bekannten Flächengebilde haben daher eine gleichmässige Oberfläche, und die Faserorientierung entspricht der gewünschten Anisotropie der Eigenschaften des fertigen Erzeugnisses (z.B. R. Kroma, Nonwoven Textiles SNTL Publishens of Technical Literature, Prague 1962, in coedition with Textiles Trade Press, Manchester, 1967, Seite 43, oder R. Krcma Handbuch der Texcilverbundstoffe, Deutscher Fachverlag GmbH, Frankfurt/M., 1970, Seite 167).In the known textile fabrics, the so-called textile composites or nonwovens, there is an even fiber distribution of the dissolved fiber material and a desired cohesion of the fiber layer, so that favorable conditions are created for needling. The known flat structures therefore have a uniform surface, and the fiber orientation corresponds to the desired anisotropy of the properties of the finished product (e.g. R. Kroma, Nonwoven Textiles SNTL Publishens of Technical Literature, Prague 1962, in coedition with Textiles Trade Press, Manchester, 1967, page 43, or R. Krcma Handbuch der Texcilverbundstoffe, Deutscher Fachverlag GmbH, Frankfurt / M., 1970, page 167).

Ein Aufbau der Faserschicht z.B. aus Faserflocken ist zwar möglich, ergibt wogen ihres flachen Querschnittes jedoch keine dus- reichend strukturbildende Erhebungen und Vertiefungen an der Oberfläche der Faserschicht. Die bekannten genadelten Fläclrengebilde werden daher nur beschränkt den Wünschen z.B. nach einer visuell bzw. optisch interessanten oder technisch ungleichmassigen Gestaltung gerecht.A structure of the fiber layer, for example from fiber flocks is possible, but results weighed its flat cross section no d US reaching structure-forming projections and depressions on the surface of the fiber layer. The known needled flax structures are therefore only limited to meet the requirements, for example for a visually or optically interesting or technically uneven design.

Will man eine strukturierte Oberfläche schaffen, so können in einer Fläche abgelegte Fasern durch besondere Bena lungsvorgänge senkrecht zur Fläche unter Schlingenbildung aufgerichtet werden oder man strukturiert die Faserschicht unter besonderer Anordnung und Schrumpfung von Schrumpffasern (z.B. CH - PS 529.247). Farbige Effekte kann man darüber hinaus bekanntlich durch Verwendung von gefärbten Faserflocken, durch Vermischung von Faserfloren verschiedener Farbe, durch Zurücknadeln einer andersfarbigen Faserschicht oder dergleichen erreichen. Obwohl diese Produkte gegenüber auf anderem Wege hergestellten Nadelfilzen gewisse Vorteile aufweisen, ist ihre Herstellung aber erheblich kostspieliger. Insbesondere haben diese Gebilde auch das typisch nachteilige Merkmal von Nadelfilzen, weshalb im Bodenbelagsbereich z.B. wegen ihrer hohen Faserdichte nicht der gewünschte Einrichtungskomfort erreicht werden kann. Für z.B. Schlafdecken und Bekleidung kommen Nadelfilze aus diesem Grunde praktisch garnicht in Betracht.If you want to create a structured surface, fibers deposited in a surface can be erected perpendicular to the surface with loops by special treatment processes, or you can structure the fiber layer with special arrangement and shrinkage of shrink fibers (e.g. CH - PS 529.247). Colored effects can also be achieved, as is known, by using colored fiber flakes, by mixing fibers of different colors, by needling back a different colored fiber layer or the like. Although these products have certain advantages over other types of needle felts, they are much more expensive to manufacture. In particular, these structures also have the typical disadvantageous characteristic of needle felts, which is why in the flooring area e.g. because of their high fiber density, the desired comfort cannot be achieved. For e.g. For this reason, duvet covers and clothing are practically out of the question.

Es sind auch genadelte Teppichböden bekannt geworden, bei denen aus Wolle gesponnene Garne parallel auf einem Träger abgelegt und auf diesem durch Vernadeln befestigt sind, unter anschliessender Verklebung mit einem Bindemittel. Durch die gedrehten relativ dicken Garne werden die Wollfasern zwar gut untereinander gebunden, so dass eine anschliessende weniger heftige Nadelung als üblich erforderlich ist und eine relativ gute Fadenstruktur erhalten bleibt. Nachteilig ist jedoch bereits der hohe Herstellungsaufwand sowie z.B. eine Beschränkung in Bezug auf Dicke, Farbe oder Musterung. Insbesondere tritt bei einer solchen Ware jede Ungleichmässigkeit zwischen den parallel gelegten Garnreihen sofort sichtbar auf. Solche Garne können naturgemäss auch nicht mit weiteren, beispielsweise losen Faserschichten zum Zwecke der Musterung gemischt werden.

Figure imgb0001
Needled carpets have also become known in which yarns spun from wool are placed in parallel on a support and fastened to it by needling, with subsequent bonding with a binder. The twisted, relatively thick yarns do bind the wool fibers well together, so that subsequent needling, which is less violent than usual, is required and a relatively good thread structure is retained. However, the high manufacturing outlay and, for example, a restriction in terms of thickness, color or pattern are disadvantageous. In particular, in the case of such a product, any unevenness between the parallel rows of yarn appears immediately. Such yarns cannot, of course, be mixed with other, for example loose, fiber layers for the purpose of patterning.
Figure imgb0001

Das Kugelgarn mit den individuellen, miteinander unverdrillten Fasern, die unverfilzt in einer nadelfähigen Dichte miteinander sphärisch verwickelt sind, kann daher in einer nichtgewebten, verfestigten Faserschicht eines textilen Flächengebildes verwendet werden, die durch Vernadelungsfasern, z.B. mittels der Fasern desselben verfestigt sein kann.The ball yarn with the individual, untwisted fibers, which are spherically entangled without being felted in a needled density, can therefore be used in a non-woven, consolidated fiber layer of a textile fabric, which is formed by needling fibers, e.g. by means of which the fibers can be solidified.

"Inter 'Vernadlungsfasern sind auch nachfolgend solche zu verstehen, wie sie sich nicht nur durch die Vernadlungstechnik bei Nonwovens, z.B. bei Vliesen oder Textilverbundstffen, sondern auch beim Häkeln, Stricken oder dergleichen ergeben können z.B. aktiv oder passiv eingebunden, sodass das Kugelgarn auch in einem gehäkelten oder gestrickten Fasergebilde vorliegen und verfentigt oder befestigt sein kann. Das Kugelgarr kann aber auch vernäht werden, z.B. im Vielnadelverfahren, weshalb z.B. auch Fasern von Nähfäden oder diese selbst als Vernadlungsfasern zu verstehen sind."Inter 'needling fibers are also to be understood in the following as those which can result not only from the needling technique in nonwovens, for example in the case of nonwovens or textile composites, but also when crocheting, knitting or the like, for example actively or passively integrated, so that the ball yarn also in one crocheted or knitted fiber structures can be present and attached or fastened, but the ball thread can also be sewn, for example using the multi-needle method, which is why fibers of sewing threads or these themselves are to be understood as needling fibers.

Je nach gewünschter Musterung und /oder Gestalt der Kugelgarne können dieselben in einer Menge von etwa 10 - 100 Gew. % bezogen auf das Gesamtgewicht der Faserschicht vorliegen. Je nach verwendeter Faserart und / oder Menge oder gewünschten Musterung können die runden Kugelgarne eine Durchmesser von 3 - 50 mm aufweisen. Die wurmförmigen Kugelgarne können eine Dicke von ca. 3 - 50 mm und eine Länge von z.B. 9 - 150 mm haben. Die Grösse bzw. Dicke der einzelnen Kugelgarne hängt z.B. ausser von der aserfeinheit, Faserbeschaffenheit und Faserlänge von der Menge an verwickelten Fasern ab. Im invernadelten Zustand kann die Faserdichte, d.h. die Packungsdichte der Fasern, in einem lose abgelegten Kugelgarn z.B. 0,01 bis 0,1 g/cm3 betragen.Depending on the desired pattern and / or shape of the ball yarns, they can be present in an amount of approximately 10-100% by weight, based on the total weight of the fiber layer. Depending on the type of fiber used and / or the amount or desired pattern, the round ball yarns can have a diameter of 3 - 50 mm. The worm-shaped ball yarns can have a thickness of approx. 3 - 50 mm and a length of 9 - 150 mm, for example. The size or thickness of the individual ball yarns depends, for example, apart from the aser fineness, fiber quality and fiber length, on the amount of fibers involved. In the needled state, the fiber density, ie the packing density of the fibers, can be, for example, 0.01 to 0.1 g / cm 3 in a loosely laid ball yarn.

Das textile Flächengebilde weist somit vorzugsweise neuartige Eigenschaften auf, die z.B. von der Art, Dichte und Vernadelung der Kugelgarne abhängen. Die Kugelgarne können von gleicher oder

Figure imgb0002
Beschaffenheit sein. Jedes Kugelgarn
Figure imgb0003
Fasern oder Fasermischungen enthalten oder eine oder mehrere Farben aufweisen. In vorteilhafter Weise kömnen die Kugelgarnfasern von verschiedener Länge und daher Kurze Fasern oder solche von z.B. Abfallgarnen, d.h. von verschiedener Herkunft und Farbe enthalten. Es können Naturfasern, wie z.B. Baumwoll- oder Wollfasern oder Tierhaare, wie z.B. Ziegenhaare, Pelzhaare oder dergleichen oder Synthesefasern verschiedener Art beispielsweise ein oder mehrere Multifilamente, wie z.B. solche aus Polyamid, Polypropylen, Polyester, Glasfasern oder dergleichen, verwendet werden, wobei texturierte z.B. gekräuselte Fasern eine zusätzliche Strukturierung und Bausch ergeben könne Es können auch gemischte Kugelgarne aus Naturfasern und Kugelgarne aus Synthesefasern vorliegen. Die Stapellängen können in Rahmen der Herstellungsmöglichkeiten beliebig gewählt werden und liegen z.B. bei 40 - 120 mm. Die Fasertiter können zwischen
Figure imgb0004
3 dtex und 100 dtex, vorzugsweise zwischen 6 und 40 dtex lieber, wobei es günstig sein kann, für z.B. eine gewünschte strukturierung eine Anteil Grobfasern beizumischen.The textile fabric thus preferably has novel properties which depend, for example, on the type, density and needling of the ball yarns. The ball yarns can be of the same or
Figure imgb0002
Texture. Every ball yarn
Figure imgb0003
Contain fibers or fiber mixtures or have one or more colors. Advantageously, the ball yarn fibers can have different lengths and therefore short fibers or those of, for example, waste yarns, ie of different origin and color. Natural fibers, such as cotton or wool fibers or animal hair, such as goat hair, fur hair or the like, or synthetic fibers of various types, for example one or more multifilaments, such as those made of polyamide, polypropylene, polyester, glass fibers or the like, can be used, with textured e.g. crimped fibers can result in additional structuring and bulk. Mixed ball yarns made of natural fibers and ball yarns made of synthetic fibers can also be present. The stack lengths can be chosen as desired within the scope of the manufacturing possibilities and are, for example, 40-120 mm. The fiber titer can be between
Figure imgb0004
3 dtex and 100 dtex, preferably between 6 and 40 dtex preferred, although it can be beneficial to add a portion of coarse fibers for a desired structuring.

In vorteilhafter Weise kann Kugelgarn neben Kugelgarn liegen, Dadurch kann ein einschichtiges Gebilde und damit ein einschichtiges textiles Flächengebilde gebildet sein, das z.B. eine Diske besitzt, die der Dicke des Kugelgarnes nach dem Vernadeln entspricht. Es können aber auch übereinandergelegte Kugelgarne vorliegen, so dass eine entsprechend dickere Faserschicht gebildet sein kann, und die Kugelgarne können verschiedene Grössen oder Durchmesser haben und z.B. verschieden grosse Kugelgarne können miteinander gemischt sein. Die Faserschicht kann aus einer Schicht aus Kugelgarnen grossen Durchmessers und einer darüber gelegten Schicht aus Kugelgarnen von kleinerem Durchmesser aufgebaut sein und beide Schichten durch Vernadelung verfestigt sein.Advantageously, ball yarn can lie next to ball yarn. This allows a single-layer structure and thus a single-layer textile fabric to be formed, which e.g. has a disc that corresponds to the thickness of the ball yarn after needling. Ball yarns can also be laid one on top of the other, so that a correspondingly thicker fiber layer can be formed, and the ball yarns can have different sizes or diameters and e.g. Ball yarns of different sizes can be mixed together. The fiber layer can be made up of a layer of ball yarns of large diameter and an overlying layer of ball yarns of smaller diameter and both layers can be consolidated by needling.

In einer weiteren Ausführungsform können die Kugelgarne in der Faserschicht auch mit einem Fasermaterial, z.B. dem gleichen, wie vorstehend beschrieben für das Kugelgarn, jedoch von anderer Gestalt, z.B. mit länglichen Faserstücken, Faserflocken oder Fasern selbst gemischt vorliegen oder darin eingebettet sein, wenn dies z.B. für eine zusätzliche Verfestigung, Musterung oder Auffüllung von Zwischenräumen zwischen den Kugelgarnen erwünscht ist. Eine Mischung von Kugelgarnen mit einem anderen Fasermaterial kann bei Verwendung des textilen Flächengebildes nach der Erfindung für z.B. Oberbekleidungszwecke vorteilhaft sein.In a further embodiment, the ball yarns in the fiber layer can also be mixed with or embedded in a fiber material, for example the same as described above for the ball yarn, but of a different shape, for example with elongated fiber pieces, fiber flakes or fibers themselves, if this is the case for additional consolidation, patterning or filling of spaces between the ball yarns is desired. A mixture of ball yarns with another Fibrous material can be advantageous when using the textile fabric according to the invention, for example for outer clothing purposes.

Die Faserschicht kann aber auch mit einer Trägerschicht vernadelt sein, so dass die Kugelgarne auf dieser befestigt sind.The fiber layer can, however, also be needled with a carrier layer, so that the ball yarns are fastened thereon.

Die Kugelgarne können aber insbesondere auch auf der Trägerschicht lose abgelegt und mit dieser durch Vernadeln verbunden sein. Die Trägerschicht kann ein passiv nadelfähiges Flächengebilde, wie z.B. eine Kunststoff-Folie, Gitterfolie, ein Netz, ein Gewebe, ein Gewirk, Faserverbundstoff, Papier, Pappe oder dergleichen sein. In einer weiteren Ausführungsform kann die Trägerschicht aber auch ein aktiv nadelfähiges Flächengebilde sein, so dass das textile Flächengebilde zusätzlich von der nadelfähigen Trägerschicht her vernadelt sein kann. Weiterhin kann über der Faserschicht mit den Kugelgarnen eine Schicht aus einem Material anderer Gestalt wie die Kugelgarne befestigt sein, das z.B. aus Textilfasern bestehen oder von nichttextiler Beschaffenheit oder Zusammensetzung und z.B. von der Art derjenigen der Trägerschicht sein kann. Die Deckschicht kann aktiv nadelfähig und mit der Kugelgarnschicht und gegebenenfalls mit der Trägerschicht durch Vernadeln verbunden sein. Durch die Deckschicht kann eine Schädigung durch eine zu starke aktive Vernadelung von vorverfestigten Kugelgarnen vermieden werden. Die Gefahr einer Schädigung der Kugelgarne kann aber auch durch das zuvor beschriebene Mischen derselben mit einem anderen Fasermaterial vermieden werden.The ball yarns can, in particular, also be placed loosely on the carrier layer and connected to it by needling. The backing layer can be a passively needled sheet, e.g. a plastic film, grid film, a mesh, a woven fabric, a knitted fabric, fiber composite, paper, cardboard or the like. In a further embodiment, however, the backing layer can also be an actively needlable fabric, so that the textile fabric can additionally be needled from the needlable backing layer. Furthermore, a layer of a material of a different shape than the ball yarns can be attached with the ball yarns over the fiber layer, e.g. consist of textile fibers or of non-textile nature or composition and e.g. can be of the type of that of the carrier layer. The cover layer can be actively needled and connected to the ball yarn layer and optionally to the carrier layer by needling. The cover layer can prevent damage from excessive needling of pre-consolidated ball yarns. The risk of damage to the ball yarns can also be avoided by mixing them with another fiber material as described above.

Vorzugsweise enthält die Faserschicht über eine gesamte Ausdehnung des textilen Flächengebildes die Kugelgarne; diese können aber auch nur auf einem Teil der Ausdehnung des textilen Flächengebildes mustermässig vorliegen. Auf diese Weise können textile Flächengebilde mit beliebig gewünschter Struktur, beliebi- 'ger Beschaffenheit und beliebigem Aussehen und auch z.B. einer ästhetischen Musterung geschaffen werden. Das textile Flächengebilde kann für einen Textilstoff, z.B. einen Boden- oder Wandbelag, eine Schlafdecke, für Bekleidungsstoffe, für Dekorationsstoffe oder textile Bezugsstoffe, z.B. zum Beziehen von Polstermöbeln, aber auch für Isolierzwecke verwendet werden. Zur näheren Erläuterung derartiger Verwendungs- und Einsatzmöglichkeiten sowie der Eigenschaften textiler, Kugelgarne enthaltender Flächengebilde sei auf das bereits erwähnte CH - Patent Nr. verwiesen.The fiber layer preferably contains the ball yarns over an entire extent of the textile fabric; however, these can also be present in a pattern only over part of the extent of the textile fabric. In this way, textile fabrics can be created with any desired structure, any type and appearance and also, for example, an aesthetic pattern. The textile fabric can be used for a textile fabric, for example a floor or wall covering, a bedspread, for clothing fabrics, for decorative fabrics or textile covering fabrics, for example for covering upholstered furniture, but also for insulation purposes will. For a more detailed explanation of such uses and uses as well as the properties of textile fabrics containing spherical yarns, reference is made to the already mentioned CH patent no.

Die Kugelgarne können in der Art wie z.B. durch Verwickeln oder durch Knäueln von Fasern zu Kugeln oder länglichen Gebilden zwischen den Fingern der Hand hergestellt werden. Technische Herstellungsverfahren für sphärische Faseragregate sind z.B. durch die bereits erwähnte DE - OS 28 11 004 bekannt.The ball yarns can be of the type e.g. by entangling or by tangling fibers into balls or elongated structures between the fingers of the hand. Technical manufacturing processes for spherical fiber aggregates are e.g. known from DE-OS 28 11 004 already mentioned.

Die Erfindung ist nachstehend anhand der Zeichnung in Ausführungsbeispielen näher erläutert. Es zeigen :

  • Figur 1 : ein textiles Flächengebilde im Schnitt in schematischer, schaubildlicher Darstellung
  • Figur 2 : ein textiles Flächengebilde mit einer Trägerschicht im Schnitt in schematischer Darstellung,
  • Figur 3 : einen Teil des Flächengebildes von Fig. 2 in einer Ansicht gemäss Pfeil C,
  • Figur 4 : einen Teil von Figur 2 in vergrösserter Darstellung vor der Vernadelung,
  • Figur 5 : ein anderes textiles Flächengebilde mit Trägerschicht im Schnitt in schematischer Darstellung,
  • Figur 6 : einen Teil des Flächengebildes von Fig. 5 in einer Ansicht gemäss Pfeil D,
  • Figur 7 : ein weiteres textiles Flächengebilde im Schnitt in schematischer Darstellung,
  • Figur 8 : ein weiteres textiles Flächengebilde im Schnitt in schematischer Darstellung, und
  • Figur 9 : ein Kugelgarn im Schnitt in schematischer Darstellung.
The invention is explained in more detail below with reference to the drawing in exemplary embodiments. Show it :
  • Figure 1: a textile fabric in section in a schematic, diagrammatic representation
  • FIG. 2: a textile fabric with a carrier layer in section in a schematic representation,
  • 3 shows a part of the fabric of FIG. 2 in a view according to arrow C,
  • FIG. 4: a part of FIG. 2 in an enlarged representation before the needling,
  • FIG. 5: another textile fabric with carrier layer in a schematic representation in section,
  • FIG. 6: a part of the fabric of FIG. 5 in a view according to arrow D,
  • FIG. 7: another textile fabric in section in a schematic representation,
  • Figure 8: another textile fabric in section in a schematic representation, and
  • Figure 9: a ball yarn in section in a schematic representation.

Ein textiles Flüchengebilde 1 besteht gemäss Figur 1 aus einer nichtgewebten Paserschicht 2, die einzelne sphärische Faseraggregate enthält. Jedes Faseraggregat 3 ist aus Fasern 4 aufgebaut, die sphärisch verwickelt, z.B. in der Art eines Knäuels verschlungen bzw. eingerollt sind. Die Faseraggregate 3 sind voneinander abgegrenzte runde Körper d.h. runde Kugelgaide 3a, aus welchen die Faserschicht 2 aufgebaut ist. Die Kugelgarne 3a und damit die Faserschicht 2 sind vernadelt und durch aus den Kugelgarnen 3a entstammende Haltefasern 5 verfestigt. Die nadelfähigen Fasern 4. können daher von Nadeln, wie sie zum Verfestigen von textilen Flächengebilden in der Nadelfilztechnik verwendet werden, ohne grossen Widerstand und ohne wesentliche Zerstörung der Faserschicht und auch ohne übermässige Abnutzung der Nadeln ergriffen und in Richtung quer zu Flächenebene der Faserschicht 2 durch die Kugelgarne 3a hindurchgeführt werden. Wie aus Figur 1 ersichtlich, besteht das textile Flächengebilde 1 allein aus der aus einer Vielzahl der Kugelgarne 3a aufgebauten Faserschicht 2, die vorzugsweise eine regelmässige Gestalt und im wesentlichen einheitliche Abmessungen haben, und hat daher eine Dicke A, die gleich einem Durchmesser B des einzelnen vernadelten Kugelgarns 3a ist. Die Verfestigung kann aber auch mit anderen geeigneten Nadeltechniken z.B. mit Maliwatt-, Malimo- oder Malipolverfahren erfolgt sein. Infolge der Kugelgarne 3a besitzt das textile Flächengebilde 1 eine uneinheitliche, z.B. noppenartige, d.h. strukturierte Oberfläche 6. Wenn erforderlich oder gewünscht, können die Faserschichten 2 oder gegebenenfalls abstehende oder herausstehende Haltefasern 5 zusätzlich durch ein Bindemittel (nicht gezeigt), z.B. durch Tränken mit demselben und anschliessendes Trocknen zusätzlich verfestigt werden.According to FIG. 1, a textile curse structure 1 consists of a non-woven pas layer 2, which contains individual spherical fiber aggregates. Each fiber aggregate 3 is constructed from fibers 4 which are spherically entangled, e.g. are entangled or curled up like a ball. The fiber aggregates 3 are separate round bodies, i.e. round ball gait 3a, from which the fiber layer 2 is constructed. The ball yarns 3a and thus the fiber layer 2 are needled and solidified by holding fibers 5 originating from the ball yarns 3a. The needle-capable fibers 4 can therefore be gripped by needles, such as those used to solidify textile fabrics in needle felting technology, without great resistance and without substantial destruction of the fiber layer and also without excessive wear of the needles, and in the direction transverse to the surface plane of the fiber layer 2 the ball yarns 3a are passed through. As can be seen from FIG. 1, the textile fabric 1 consists solely of the fiber layer 2 composed of a plurality of ball yarns 3a, which preferably have a regular shape and essentially uniform dimensions, and therefore has a thickness A, which is equal to a diameter B of the individual needled ball yarn 3a. The hardening can also be done with other suitable needle techniques e.g. with Maliwatt, Malimo or Malipol procedures. As a result of the ball yarns 3a, the textile fabric 1 has a non-uniform, e.g. knob-like, i.e. structured surface 6. If necessary or desired, the fiber layers 2 or optionally protruding or protruding holding fibers 5 can additionally be provided by a binder (not shown), e.g. can be additionally solidified by soaking with the same and then drying.

Wie die Figuren 2 und 3 zeigen, liegt eine nichtgewebte Faserschicht 7 aus Kugelfarnen 8 mit sphärisch verwickelten Fasern 9 vor und besitzt daher eine uneinheitliche, z.B. strukturierte Oberfläche 11. Mittels vernadelten Haltefasern 10, die aus den Kugelgarnen 8 entstammen können, ist die Faserschicht 7 mit einer Trägerschicht 12, z.B. aus einem Vliesstoff verbunden, so dass ein textiles Flächengebilde 13 vorliegt.As FIGS. 2 and 3 show, there is a non-woven fiber layer 7 made of ball yarns 8 with spherically entangled fibers 9 and therefore has a non-uniform, e.g. structured surface 11. By means of needled holding fibers 10, which can originate from the ball yarns 8, the fiber layer 7 is covered with a carrier layer 12, e.g. connected from a nonwoven fabric so that a textile fabric 13 is present.

Wie Figur 4 zeigt, besitzen die Kugelgarne 8 im abgelegten unvernadelten Zustand eine runde Gestalt. Durch das Vernadeln werden die runden Kugelgarne platt- bzw. flachgedrückt (Fig. 2), was z.B. von der Stärke oder Heftigkeit der Vernadelung oder der Bauschigkeit der Kugelgarne abhängt. Durch das Vernadeln kann auch eine Einschnürung erfolgen, sodass eine originelle Struktur vorliegen kann, wie sie z.B. mit zweidimensionalen, flach gelegten Fasern nicht erreicht werden kann.As FIG. 4 shows, the ball yarns 8 have a round shape when they are in the un-needled state. The round ball yarns are pressed flat or flat by needling (Fig. 2), which e.g. depends on the strength or intensity of the needling or the bulk of the ball yarns. The needling can also result in a constriction, so that there can be an original structure, such as that e.g. cannot be achieved with two-dimensional, flat-laid fibers.

Nach Figuren 5 und 6 enthält eine nichtgewebte Faserschicht 14 wurmförmige Kugelgarne 15 von verschiedener Grösse aus sphärisch verwickelten Fasern 16. Die Kugelgarne 15 sind mittels Haltefasern 17 mit einer Trägerschicht 18 vernadelt und auf dieser befestigt, so dass insgesamt ein textiles Flächengebilde 19 vorliegt. Infolge der verschiedenen Grössen und der Gestalt der Kugelgarne 15 liegt eine uneinheitliche Oberfläche 20 mit besonders ausgeprägter Struktur vor.According to FIGS. 5 and 6, a non-woven fiber layer 14 contains worm-shaped ball yarns 15 of various sizes made of spherically entangled fibers 16. The ball yarns 15 are needled by means of holding fibers 17 with a carrier layer 18 and fastened thereon, so that a textile fabric 19 is present overall. As a result of the different sizes and the shape of the ball yarns 15, there is a non-uniform surface 20 with a particularly pronounced structure.

Eine Faserschicht 21 nach Figur 7 enthält verteilt angeordnete Kugelgarne 22 aus sphärisch verwickelten Fasern 23. Die Kugelgarne 22 sind in ein Fasermaterial 24 eingebettet, welches die Räume 25 zwischen den Kugelgarnen 22 ausfüllt und zusammen mit diesen die Faserschicht 21 bildet. Die Kugelgarne 22 sind zusammen mit dem Fasermaterial 24 mittels Haltefasern 26 durch Vernadeln auf einer Trägerschicht 27 befestigt. Wie in einem Teil E von Figur 7 gezeigt ist, kann über die Kugelgarne 22 eine Deckschicht 28 aus einem Fasermaterial anderer Gestalt als diejenige der Kugelgarne 22 gelegt sein, durch das durch Vernadelung die Kugelgarne 22 mit der Trägerschicht 27 verbunden sind. Die Faserschicht 21 mit den Kugelgarnen 22, dem Fasermaterial 24 und der Deckschicht 28 bildet zusammen mit der Trägerschicht 27 wiederum ein textiles Flächengebilde 29 mit einer z.B. gemusterten Oberfläche.A fibrous layer 21 according to FIG. 7 contains distributed spherical yarns 22 made of spherically entangled fibers 23. The spherical yarns 22 are embedded in a fibrous material 24 which fills the spaces 25 between the spherical yarns 22 and forms the fibrous layer 21 together with them. The ball yarns 22 are fastened together with the fiber material 24 by means of holding fibers 26 by needling on a carrier layer 27. As shown in part E of FIG. 7, a cover layer 28 made of a fiber material of a different shape than that of the ball yarns 22 can be placed over the ball yarns 22, through which the ball yarns 22 are connected to the carrier layer 27 by needling. The fiber layer 21 with the spherical yarns 22, the fiber material 24 and the cover layer 28 together with the carrier layer 27 in turn forms a textile fabric 29 with a e.g. patterned surface.

Wie Fig. 8 noch zeigt, enthält eine Faserschicht 30 übereinandergelegte Kugelgarne 31 und 31a von verschiedener Grösse, die durch Haltefasern 32 mittels Vernadeln mit einer Trägerschicht 33 verbunden sind. Es liegt ein textiles Flächengebilde 34 mit ausgeprägter Struktur in der Oberfläche 35 vor.As FIG. 8 also shows, a fiber layer 30 contains ball yarns 31 and 31a of different sizes which are superimposed and which are connected to a carrier layer 33 by means of holding fibers 32 by means of needling. There is a textile fabric 34 with a pronounced structure in the surface 35.

Wie bereits erwähnt, kann das Kugelgarn mit irgendeinem anderen Material oder Fasern, z.B. Pelzmaterial, Kokosfasern, Ziegenhaar, Fellstücken oder dergleichen gemischt werden oder auch selbst aus einer Mischung von natürlichen oder synthetischen Fasern bestehen. Es kann in Teppichen, Nadelfilzen oder dergleichen verwendet werden. Es können auch schrumpffähige Fasern im Kugelgarn vorliegen, sodass beim Schrumpfen sowohl Kugelgarn gegen Kugelgarn als auch das Kugelgarn gegen einen Untergrund, d.h. eine Trägerschicht schrumpfen kann. Dabei tritt z.B. kein Breitensprung auf,'da infolge der Verwendung des Kugelgarns sich die Schrumpfung nicht auf dieWarenbreite auswirken kann.As previously mentioned, the ball yarn can be made with any other material or fiber, e.g. Fur material, coconut fibers, goat hair, pieces of fur or the like are mixed or even consist of a mixture of natural or synthetic fibers. It can be used in carpets, needle felting or the like. There may also be shrinkable fibers in the ball yarn, so that when shrinking both ball yarn against ball yarn and the ball yarn against a substrate, i.e. a carrier layer can shrink. Here, e.g. no jump in width, 'as the use of the ball yarn means that the shrinkage cannot affect the width of the goods.

Fig. 9 zeigt noch den Aufbau eines Kugelgarns 36 aus einzelnen Fasern 37, die sphärisch verwickelt vorliegen. Sie sind locker ineinander verschlungen, wobei ihre Enden 38 locker um andere Fasern 37 geschlungen bzw. um diese herum sphärisch eingerollt sind, wodurch sie im Faserverband festgehalten werden. Man erkennt die sphärische Orientierung entsprechend der Kugelform des Kugelgarns 36 in den Raumdimensionen gemäss PfeilenA, B und C.Fig. 9 shows the construction of a ball yarn 36 from individual fibers 37, which are spherically entangled. They are loosely intertwined, with their ends 38 loosely wrapped around other fibers 37 or spherically curled around them, as a result of which they are retained in the fiber structure. One can see the spherical orientation corresponding to the spherical shape of the ball yarn 36 in the spatial dimensions according to arrows A, B and C.

Die Fasern 37 liegen unverfilzt durch kleinere oder grössere Lufträume 39, deren Dimensionen diejenige der Faserdicke wesentlich übersteigt, d.h. im wesentlichen voneinander getrennt und mit einer Länge von mindestens 15 mm vor und stehen nur durch die lockere Verschlingung miteinander in Berührung. Es liegt daher eine Struktur der locker verschlungenen Fasern 37 vor, sodass dieselben einzeln erfassbar sind und ohne wesentlichen Widerstand und ohne Auflösung des Kugelgarns 36 einzeln aus demselben herausgezogen werden können. Das Kugelgarn 36 besitzt daher eine geringe, nadelfähige Dichte und z.B. eine Bauschigkeit, durch welche es sich ohne grossen Kraftaufwand zusammendrücken lässt. Infolge der sphärisch verwickelten Fasern 37 besitzt das Kugelgarn 36 eine dreidimensionale Ausdehnung und auch eine Elastizität, durch welche es nach Entlastung im wesentlichen oder zur Gänze seine ursprüngliche Gestalt wieder annehmen kann. Dieses ist z.B. bei flach gelegten Fasern, d.h. zweidimensionalen Gebilden oder bei gedrehten Garnen mit ihren durch Drehungserteilung eng aneinanderliegenden und daher in hoher Dichte vorliegenden Fasern nicht erreichbar. Gegenüber Garnen liegt eine mechanische Verfestigung vor, die allein durch die sphärische Verschlingung oder durch sp:iärisches Einrollen hervorgerufen wird, wobei diese Verschlingungsfestigkeit ein Auflösen des Kugelgarns 36 verhindert. Sie kann z.B. durch gekräuselte Fasern, z.B. unter Verwendung von 40 % Polypropylenfasern erhöht werden.The fibers 37 are not matted by smaller or larger air spaces 39, the dimensions of which substantially exceed those of the fiber thickness, that is to say essentially separated from one another and with a length of at least 15 mm, and are in contact with one another only through the loose interlacing. There is therefore a structure of the loosely intertwined fibers 37, so that they can be individually detected and can be pulled out of the ball yarn 36 without significant resistance and without disintegration. The ball yarn 36 therefore has a low, needled density and, for example, a bulkyness, through which it can be compressed without great effort. As a result of the spherically entangled fibers 37, the ball yarn 36 has a three-dimensional extent and also an elasticity, by means of which it can essentially or completely return to its original shape after relief. This cannot be achieved, for example, in the case of fibers laid flat, that is to say two-dimensional structures, or in the case of twisted yarns with their fibers which are closely adjacent to one another by twisting and are therefore present in high density. There is a yarn opposite mechanical solidification, which is caused solely by the spherical interlacing or by spherical curling, this entanglement strength preventing the ball yarn 36 from dissolving. It can be increased, for example, by crimped fibers, for example using 40% polypropylene fibers.

Das Kugelgarn nach der Erfindung besitzt daher z.B. gegenüber den bereits genannten, bekannten harten Gebilden aus verfilzten kurzen Fasern vollständig andere Eigenschaften, die wegen ihrer hohen Dichte von z.B. Nadeln nicht durchdrungen und auch wegen ihrer Faserlänge von 3 mm von denselben nicht erfasst werden können, d.h. nicht nadelfähig sind. Das Kugelgarn kann dagegen infolge seiner nadelfähigen Dichte bei einem Vernadelungsprozess in seiner gesamten Dicke ohne Auflösen von den Nadeln durchstossen werden, wobei die Fasern 37 infolge ihrer Länge von mindestens 15 mm erfasst und durch das Kugelgarn 36 hindurch gezogen werden können.The ball yarn according to the invention therefore has e.g. completely different properties compared to the known hard structures made of matted short fibers, which, because of their high density of e.g. Needles not penetrated and also because of their fiber length of 3 mm they cannot be grasped by them, i.e. are not needled. On the other hand, due to its needled density, the ball yarn can be pierced in its entire thickness in a needling process without dissolving, the fibers 37 being gripped due to their length of at least 15 mm and being able to be pulled through the ball yarn 36.

Das Kugelgarn nach der Erfindung lässt sich auch nicht mit einer Noppe oder einer Nisse vergleichen, die bekanntlich aus einem Gewirr verschlungener zu einem Knötchen zusammengezogenen Fasern besteht (P. Böttcher, Textiltechnik, VEB Fachbuchverlag, Leipzig, 1970, Seiten 750 und 758). Sie sind daher ebenfalls harte Gebilde mit hoher Dichte aus verfilzten Fasern und weisen daher keine nadelfähige Dichte wie das Kugelgarn nach der Erfindung auf. Eine Nisse ist darüber hinaus ein ungewolltes bzw. unerwünschtes Fehlprodukt und besitzt eine Grösse von weniger als 3 nun, d.h. sie ist bereits aus diesem Grunde nicht nadelfähig und enthält z.B. nur 10 Einzelfasern. Das Kugelgarn nach der Erfindung ist dagegen aus wesentlich mehr als 10 Einzelfasern aufgebaut und stellt ein fertiges gewünschtes Produkt dar, das z.B. gegenüber Garnen, Noppen oder Nissen riesel- oder rollfähig ist.The ball yarn according to the invention can also not be compared with a pimple or a nisse, which is known to consist of a tangle of intertwined fibers which have been drawn into a nodule (P. Boettcher, Textiltechnik, VEB Fachbuchverlag, Leipzig, 1970, pages 750 and 758). They are therefore also hard structures with high density made of felted fibers and therefore do not have a needle density like the ball yarn according to the invention. A nit is also an unwanted or undesirable faulty product and has a size of less than 3 well, i.e. for this reason alone, it is not needlable and contains e.g. only 10 single fibers. The ball yarn according to the invention, on the other hand, is made up of considerably more than 10 individual fibers and represents a finished desired product, which e.g. can flow or roll over yarns, knobs or nits.

Das Kugelgarn nach der Erfindung kann vor seiner Verwendung, z. B. in einem textilen Flächengebilde, vorverfestigt sein. Hierfür kann die natürliche Filzfähigkeit von Wollfasern ausgenutzt werden, durch welche im Kugelgarn unter Beibehaltung seiner nadelfähigen Dichte über die sphärische Verwicklung der Fasern hinaus eine zusätzliche Festigkeit erreicht werden kann. Das Kugelgarn kann aber auch mit einem Bindemittel getränkt oder beschi, tet werden. Hierbei ist die lockere Struktur desselben von Vorteil, weil die Oberfläche der Einzelfasern für das Bindemittel erreichbar ist und dieses in das Kugelgarn voll eindringen kann. Bei z.B. Noppen oder Nissen oder auch Garnen ist dagegen die Oberfläche der Einzelfaser duch benachbarte Fasern blockiert und daher für ein Bindemittel nicht in derselben Weise wie beim Kugelgarn erreichbar, was auch z.B. für ein Färbemittel gilt.The ball yarn according to the invention can be used, e.g. B. in a textile fabric, be pre-consolidated. For this purpose, the natural felting ability of wool fibers can be used, by means of which an additional strength can be achieved in the ball yarn while maintaining its needle density, in addition to the spherical entanglement of the fibers. The Ball yarn can also be soaked or coated with a binder. Here, the loose structure of the same is advantageous because the surface of the individual fibers can be reached by the binder and this can fully penetrate into the ball yarn. In the case of, for example, pimples or nits or yarns, on the other hand, the surface of the single fiber is blocked by adjacent fibers and therefore cannot be reached for a binder in the same way as with ball yarn, which also applies, for example, to a colorant.

Beispiele für Kugelgarne sind nachfolgend tabellarisch aufgeführt, wobei verschiedene Faserarten gegen Kugelgarngrösse, Faserwerte sowie Vernadlungsbedingungen eingetragen sind :

Figure imgb0005
Examples of ball yarns are listed in the table below, with different types of fibers being entered against ball yarn size, fiber values and needling conditions:
Figure imgb0005

Die Vernadlungsbedingungen sind z.B. nur ein Parameter in einer Reihe von Bedingungen, die z.B. durch die qualitativen Anforderungen für das Kugelgarn bzw. das textile Flächengebilde bestimmt werden. Die Nadeldichten bzw. Stichdichten können für verschiedene Grössen und Faserarten der Kugelgarne gleich gehalten werden; es kann jedoch auch eine Reduktion der Stichdichte von 25 - 50 % erfolgen, wenn diese aufgrund z.B, der Grösse des Kugelgarns, Fasertyp oder dergleiceh vorteilhaft ist, weil bereits eine gewisse Vorverflechtung der Fasern durch die sphärische Verwicklung derselben im Kugelgarn vorliegt. Der Kugeldurchmesser, d.h. die Grösse des Kugelgarns ist z.B. unabhängig von der Faserlänge. So k"nnen mit der gleichen Faserlänge Kugeln von 4 mm Durchmesser und solche von 25 mm Durchmesser hergestellt werden. Die Kugelgrösse kann weiterhin abhängig sein von der Faserfeinheit, einer Kräuselung der verwendeten Faser oder deren E-Modul.The needling conditions are, for example, only one parameter in a series of conditions which are determined, for example, by the qualitative requirements for the ball yarn or the textile fabric. The needle densities or stitch densities can be kept the same for different sizes and types of fibers of the ball yarns; However, the stitch density can also be reduced by 25 - 50% if this is advantageous due to, for example, the size of the ball yarn, fiber type or the like, because there is already a certain amount of pre-entanglement of the fibers due to their spherical entanglement in the ball yarn. The ball diameter, ie the size of the ball yarn is, for example, independent on the fiber length. Balls of 4 mm in diameter and those of 25 mm in diameter can be produced with the same length of fiber. The size of the balls can also depend on the fineness of the fibers, crimping of the fibers used or their modulus of elasticity.

Aufgrund der Riesel- und Rollfähigkeit kann eine Vielzahl von Kugelgarnen nach der Erfindung in willkürlicher Verteilung, z.B. ungeordnet oder statistisch verteilt, in einer einzigen Schicht oder in mehreren Schichten übereinander abgelegt werden. Man kann somit eine Faserschicht mit einer entsprechenden Oberflächenstruktur, z.B. visuellem Eindruck, herstellen. Es kann jedoch auch eine dosierte, d.h. geordnete Ablage einer Vielzahl von Kugelgarnon in einer gewünschten vorgegebenen Anordnung der Kugelgarne, z.B. in einem Muster, rcihenförmig, karreeförmig oder dergleichen erfolgen. Durch geordnete Ablage lässt sich das in Form der Kugelgarne vorliegende Fasermaterial in gewünschter Weise z.B. für eine Vernadlung in überraschender Weise dosieren. Das Fasermaterial kann daher genau an einem gewünschten Ort einer herzustellenden Faserschicht abgelegt und verfestigt oder auf einer Trägerschicht befestigt werden. Es kann eine Anordnung in z.B. parallelen Reihen, z.B. auch mit gegeneinander versetzten Kugelgarnen erfolgen, was bisher mit Fasergebilden von anderer Gestalt, wenn überhaupt, nur mit einem entsprechenden Aufwand möglich gewesen ist. So lassen sich z.B. gewebeähnliche Strukturen ausbilden. Es kann aber auch zunächst eine Schicht aus Kugelgarnen grösseren Durchmessers dosiert abgelegt und dann darüber dosiert eine Schicht aus kleineren Kugelgarnen oder die zwischen den grösseren Kugelgarnen befindlichen Lücken mit kleineren Kugelgarnen dosiert ausgefüllt werden.Due to the free-flowing and rolling ability, a large number of ball yarns according to the invention can be distributed in an arbitrary manner, e.g. disordered or statistically distributed, in a single layer or in several layers on top of each other. A fiber layer with a corresponding surface structure, e.g. visual impression. However, a dosed, i.e. orderly placement of a plurality of ball yarns in a desired predetermined arrangement of the ball yarns, e.g. in a pattern, row-like, square-shaped or the like. The fiber material in the form of spherical yarns can be arranged in the desired manner, e.g. dosing for needling in a surprising way. The fiber material can therefore be deposited and solidified precisely at a desired location of a fiber layer to be produced or fastened to a carrier layer. An arrangement in e.g. parallel rows, e.g. also done with staggered ball yarns, which was previously possible with fiber structures of a different shape, if at all, only with a corresponding effort. For example, Form tissue-like structures. However, it is also possible first to deposit a layer of ball yarns of larger diameter and then meter a layer of smaller ball yarns or to fill in the gaps between the larger ball yarns with smaller ball yarns.

Claims (19)

1. Sphärisches Faseraggregat, in welchem die individuellen, miteinander unverdrillten Fasern miteinander verwickelt sind, und das einen Durchmesser von mindestens 3 mm aufweist, dadurch gekennzeichnet, dass ein Kugelgarn vorliegt, in welchem die Fasern unverfilzt mit einer Länge von mindestens 15 mm in einer nadelfähigen Dichte sphärisch ver- wickelt sind.1. Spherical fiber aggregate, in which the individual, untwisted fibers are entangled with each other, and which has a diameter of at least 3 mm, characterized in that there is a ball yarn in which the fibers are matted with a length of at least 15 mm in a needled are wrapped - density spherical ver. 2. Faseraggregat nach Patentanspruch 1, dadurchgekennzeichnet, dass das Kugelgarn aktiv nadelfähig ist.2. Fiber aggregate according to claim 1, characterized in that the ball yarn is actively needled. 3. Faseraggregat nach Patentanspruch 1, dadurch gekennzeich- net, dass die Faserlänge 40 bis 120 mm beträgt.That the fiber length is 40 to 120 mm net - 3rd fiber aggregate according to claim 1, characterized in. 4. Faseraggregat nach einem der Patentansprüche 1 - 3, dadurch gekennzeichnet, dass die Fasern sphärisch miteinander verschlungen oder eingerollt sind.4. Fiber aggregate according to one of the claims 1-3, characterized in that the fibers are spherically intertwined or rolled up. 5. Faseraggregat nach Patentanspruch 1, dadurch gekennzeichnet, dass die Packungsdichte der Fasern 0,01 - 0,1 g/cm3 beträgt.5. Fiber aggregate according to claim 1, characterized in that the packing density of the fibers is 0.01 - 0.1 g / cm 3 . 6. Faseraggregat nach Patentanspruch 1, dadurch gekennzeichnet, dass das Kugelgarn einen Durchmesser bis zu 50 mm aufweist.6. Fiber aggregate according to claim 1, characterized in that the ball yarn has a diameter of up to 50 mm. 7. Faseraggregat nach Patentanspruch 1, dadurch gekennzeich- net, dass das Kugelgarn einen kreisförmigen Querschnitt besitzt.7. fiber aggregate according to claim 1, characterized in - net that the ball yarn has a circular cross-section. 8. Faseraggregat nach Patentanspruch 7, dadurch gekennzeichnet, dass das Kugelgarn kugelförmige Gestalt, z.B. mit einem Verhältnis von Breite zu Länge von 1 : 1, aufweist.8. Fiber aggregate according to claim 7, characterized in that the ball yarn spherical shape, e.g. with a width to length ratio of 1: 1. 9. Faseraggregat nach Patentanspruch 7, dadurch gekennzeichnet, dass das Kugelgarn ovale Gestalt, z.B. mit einem Verhältnis von Breite zu Länge von 1 : 2 aufweist.9. Fiber aggregate according to claim 7, characterized in that the ball yarn is oval in shape, e.g. with a width to length ratio of 1: 2. 10. Faseraggregat nach Patentanspruch 7, dadurch gekennzeichnet, dass das Kugelgarn eine wurmförmige Gestalt, z.B. mit
Figure imgb0006
Verhältnis von Breite zu Länge von 1 : 3 bis 1 : 5,
Figure imgb0007
11.
Figure imgb0008
10. Fiber aggregate according to claim 7, characterized in that the ball yarn has a worm-like shape, for example with
Figure imgb0006
Ratio of width to length from 1: 3 to 1: 5,
Figure imgb0007
11.
Figure imgb0008
nach Patentanspruch 1, dadurch gckennzcich-
Figure imgb0009
die individuellen Fasern Einzelfasern sind.
according to claim 1, thereby gckennzcich-
Figure imgb0009
the individual fibers are single fibers.
12. Faseraggregat nach Patentanspruch 1, dadurch gekennzeichnet, dass die individuellen Fasern des Kugelgarns sctnaubenlinienförmig ineinandergesponnene Einzelfasern entinalten.12. A fiber aggregate according to claim 1, characterized in that the individual fibers of the ball yarn entinalten individual fibers spun into each other in the shape of a sctnauben. 13. Faseraggregat nach Patentanspruch 1, dadurch gekennzeichnet, dass die individuellen Fasern des Kugelgarns mehrere miteinander unverdrillte, z.B. annähernd parallel liegende Einzelfasern enthält.13 fiber aggregate according to claim 1, characterized in that the individual fibers of the ball yarn several untwisted with each other, e.g. contains approximately parallel individual fibers. 14. Faseraggregat nach Patentanspruch l, dadurch gekennzeichnet, dass das Kugelgarn als die individuellen Fasern natürliche Fasern, z.B. Baumwoll- oder Wollfasern, Tierhaare oder dergleichen oder Synthesefasern oder ein Gemisch derselben enthält.14 fiber aggregate according to claim l, characterized in that the ball yarn as the individual fibers natural fibers, e.g. Contains cotton or wool fibers, animal hair or the like or synthetic fibers or a mixture thereof. 15. Faseraggregat nach Patentanspruch 14, dadurch gekennzeichnet, dass das Kugelgarn gekräuselte Fasern, z.B. gekräuselte Synthesefasern enthält.15. Fiber aggregate according to claim 14, characterized in that the ball yarn crimped fibers, e.g. contains crimped synthetic fibers. 16. Faseraggregat nach Patentanspruch 1, dadurch gekennzeichnet, dass das Kugelgarn ein endliches Gebilde ist.16. Fiber aggregate according to claim 1, characterized in that the ball yarn is a finite structure. 17. Faseraggregat nach Patentanspruch 1, dadruch gekennzeichnet, dass das Kugelgarn riesel- oder rollfähig ist.17. Fiber aggregate according to claim 1, characterized in that the ball yarn is free-flowing or rollable. 18. Faseraggregat nach Patentanspruch 1, dadurch gekennzeichnet, dass das Kugelgarn ein Bindemittel enthält.18. Fiber aggregate according to claim 1, characterized in that the ball yarn contains a binder. 19. Faseraggregat nach Patentanspruch 1, dadurch gekennzeichnet, dass das Kugelgarn schrumpffähige Fasern enthält.19. Fiber aggregate according to claim 1, characterized in that the ball yarn contains shrinkable fibers.
EP19790105379 1979-01-09 1979-12-27 Spherical fibrous aggregate Expired EP0013427B1 (en)

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AT79105379T ATE7520T1 (en) 1979-01-09 1979-12-27 SPHERICAL FIBER AGGREGATE.

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CH157/79 1979-01-09
CH15779A CH625931B (en) 1979-01-09 1979-01-09 TEXTILE AREA AND ITS USE.
CH10152/79 1979-11-14
CH1015279 1979-11-14

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EP0053701A1 (en) * 1980-12-10 1982-06-16 Breveteam S.A. Non woven textile sheet
EP0257658A1 (en) * 1986-08-29 1988-03-02 Günter TESCH Filler material for pillows or bed covers
EP0259730A1 (en) * 1986-08-29 1988-03-16 TESCH, Günter Spherical fibre aggregate, particularly a filler material for pillows or bed covers
EP0276682A2 (en) * 1987-01-12 1988-08-03 Günter TESCH Aggregate containing fibres, and method for making it
US4794038A (en) * 1985-05-15 1988-12-27 E. I. Du Pont De Nemours And Company Polyester fiberfill
EP0316572A1 (en) * 1987-11-19 1989-05-24 Günter TESCH Pillow
WO1989006714A1 (en) * 1988-01-12 1989-07-27 Tesch Guenter Spherical fibre aggregate, useful in particular as a filling material for covers, such as bed-covers, pillows, etc.
EP0335063A1 (en) * 1988-03-28 1989-10-04 Günter TESCH Blanket, in particular quilt
CH678786GA3 (en) * 1987-01-12 1991-11-15
US5263479A (en) * 1989-07-10 1993-11-23 Gunter Tesch Packing for thermotherapy
EP0604933A1 (en) * 1992-12-27 1994-07-06 Günter TESCH Textile floor covering with modules of entwined textile fibers composing fiberballs clusters, and method of manufacturing it
DE102006001093A1 (en) * 2006-01-09 2007-07-12 TESCH, Günter Textile floor and wall covering with a visible layer containing spherical fiber aggregates

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EP0053700B1 (en) * 1980-12-10 1986-04-30 S.A. Breveteam Non woven floor covering
US4618531A (en) * 1985-05-15 1986-10-21 E. I. Du Pont De Nemours And Company Polyester fiberfill and process
DE3700681A1 (en) * 1987-01-12 1988-07-21 Breveteam Sa SPHERICAL FIBER UNIT, ESPECIALLY AS FILL OR UPHOLSTERY MATERIAL
FI85033C (en) * 1990-03-08 1992-02-25 Scanwoven Ab Oy VADDMATTA SAMT FOERFARANDE FOER TILLVERKNING AV DENSAMMA.
DE4217440C2 (en) * 1992-05-26 1995-03-30 Tesch G H Process for the production of a needled carpet and a needled carpet
DE4244251C2 (en) * 1992-12-27 1998-07-23 Guenter Tesch Process for consolidating a textile floor covering and simultaneously fastening it to a substrate
WO1998030745A1 (en) * 1997-01-10 1998-07-16 Falke Garne Kg Flat structure, in particular a non-woven fabric
DE19929382B4 (en) * 1999-06-28 2007-01-04 Horus Gmbh Process for producing a needle felt and a needle felt
CH693750A5 (en) * 1999-08-20 2004-01-15 Gunter Tesch Textiles fabrics, especially Flaechengebilde with a visual and useful layer of fibrous aggregates and processes for its preparation.
DE10132103C1 (en) * 2001-07-03 2003-04-30 Filzfabrik Fulda Gmbh Process for the production of a patterned textile fabric
KR20030065784A (en) * 2002-02-01 2003-08-09 하종언 Resilient non-woven fabric
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Cited By (17)

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Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
EP0053701A1 (en) * 1980-12-10 1982-06-16 Breveteam S.A. Non woven textile sheet
US4794038A (en) * 1985-05-15 1988-12-27 E. I. Du Pont De Nemours And Company Polyester fiberfill
EP0257658A1 (en) * 1986-08-29 1988-03-02 Günter TESCH Filler material for pillows or bed covers
EP0259730A1 (en) * 1986-08-29 1988-03-16 TESCH, Günter Spherical fibre aggregate, particularly a filler material for pillows or bed covers
EP0276682A3 (en) * 1987-01-12 1989-12-13 S.A. Breveteam Aggregate containing fibres, and method for making it
EP0276682A2 (en) * 1987-01-12 1988-08-03 Günter TESCH Aggregate containing fibres, and method for making it
CH678786GA3 (en) * 1987-01-12 1991-11-15
EP0316572A1 (en) * 1987-11-19 1989-05-24 Günter TESCH Pillow
US4998309A (en) * 1987-11-19 1991-03-12 Tesch Guenter Health pillow
WO1989006714A1 (en) * 1988-01-12 1989-07-27 Tesch Guenter Spherical fibre aggregate, useful in particular as a filling material for covers, such as bed-covers, pillows, etc.
US5080964A (en) * 1988-01-12 1992-01-14 Tesch Guenter Aggregate of spherical fibers, particularly as filling material for blankets, such as quilts, pillows and the like
CH679822GA3 (en) * 1988-01-12 1992-04-30
EP0335063A1 (en) * 1988-03-28 1989-10-04 Günter TESCH Blanket, in particular quilt
US4962554A (en) * 1988-03-28 1990-10-16 Tesch Guenter Quilted bed cover
US5263479A (en) * 1989-07-10 1993-11-23 Gunter Tesch Packing for thermotherapy
EP0604933A1 (en) * 1992-12-27 1994-07-06 Günter TESCH Textile floor covering with modules of entwined textile fibers composing fiberballs clusters, and method of manufacturing it
DE102006001093A1 (en) * 2006-01-09 2007-07-12 TESCH, Günter Textile floor and wall covering with a visible layer containing spherical fiber aggregates

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DK8780A (en) 1980-07-10
AU530341B2 (en) 1983-07-14
AU5430980A (en) 1980-07-17
CA1165987A (en) 1984-04-24
AU5430880A (en) 1980-07-17
DE2966817D1 (en) 1984-04-19
NZ192534A (en) 1982-03-30
CA1151408A (en) 1983-08-09
AU529361B2 (en) 1983-06-02
DK149367B (en) 1986-05-20
NZ192535A (en) 1982-03-30
AR226834A1 (en) 1982-08-31
DK148715B (en) 1985-09-09
DE8000281U1 (en) 1980-07-10
AR225161A1 (en) 1982-02-26
DE2966997D1 (en) 1984-06-20
US4481247A (en) 1984-11-06
DE8000301U1 (en) 1980-07-24
DK149367C (en) 1986-11-24
EP0013428B1 (en) 1984-03-14
EP0013427B1 (en) 1984-05-16
DK8880A (en) 1980-07-10
DK148715C (en) 1986-04-01
EP0013428A1 (en) 1980-07-23

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