EP0013428A1 - Textile fabric and its use - Google Patents

Abstract

A textile fabric (13) has a non-woven fiber layer (7) which contains spherical yarns (8) made of spherically entangled fibers (9) which are separated from one another and which are needled by means of holding fibers (10) on a carrier layer (12) made of, for example, a nonwoven fabric are attached. The ball yarns (8) have a round shape before needling and are therefore, for example, free-flowing, as a result of which they can be deposited in metered form on the carrier layer (12). As a result of the spherically entangled fibers (9) which are present in a sufficiently loose form, the ball yarns (8) are actively needled. Due to their shape, the ball yarns (8) give the textile fabric (13) a non-uniform surface (20), so that depending on the size, type of fiber and arrangement and color of the ball yarns (8), for example, a structured and / or color-patterned surface (20) for textile fabrics, for example floor or wall covering, bed covers, covering, decorative or furniture fabrics or for insulation purposes.

Description

The invention relates to a textile fabric with a non-woven fiber layer which is consolidated by means of needling fibers.

ma, Nonwoven Textiles SNTL Publishers of Technical Literature, Prague 1962, in coedition with Textile Trace Press, Manchester, 1967, Seite 43, oder R. Kr

ma Handbuch der Textilverbundstoffe, Deutscher Fachverlag GmbH, Frankfurt M., Seite 167, 1970). Ein Aufbau der Faserschicht z.B. aus Faserflocken ist zwar möglich, ergibt wegen ihres flachen Querschnittes jedoch keine ausreichend strukturbildende Erhebungen und Vertiefungen a- der Oberfläche der Faserschicht. Die bekannten genadelten Flächengebilde werden daher nur beschränkt den Vinschen z.B. nach iner visuell beziehungsweise optisch interessanten oder techni ch ungleichmässigen Gestaltung gerecht.In the well-known textile. Sheets of the type mentioned at the outset, the so-called textile composites or nonwovens, have a uniform fiber distribution of the dissolved fiber material and a desired cohesion of the fiber layer, which creates favorable conditions when needling. The known fabrics therefore have a uniform surface, and the fiber orientation corresponds to the desired anisotropy of the properties of the finished product (e.g. R Kr

ma, Nonwoven Textiles SNTL Publishers of Technical Literature, Prague 1962, in coedition with Textile Trace Press, Manchester, 1967, page 43, or R. Kr

ma Handbuch der Textilverbundstoffe, Deutscher Fachverlag GmbH, Frankfurt M., page 167, 1970). It is possible to build up the fiber layer, for example from fiber flakes, but because of its flat cross section does not result in sufficiently structure-forming elevations and depressions on the surface of the fiber layer. The known needled planar structures are therefore only suitable to a limited extent for the Vinschen, for example, according to their visually or optically interesting or technically uneven design.

se Vorteile aufweisen, ist ihre Herstellung aber erheblich,

spieliger. Insbesondere haben diese Gebilde auch das typischnacnteilige Merkmal von Nadelfilzen, weshalb im

reich z.B. wegen ihrer hohen Faserdichte nicht der gewünschte Einrichtungskomfort erreicht werden kann. Für z.B Schlafdecken und Bekleidung kommen Nadelfilze aus diesem Grunde praktisch gar nicht in Betracht.If you want to create a structured surface, you can straighten the surface of the surface by entering special needles perpendicular to the surface or one structures the fiber layer with a special arrangement and shrinkage of shrink fibers (eg CH-PS 529,247). Colored effects can also be achieved, as is known, by using colored fiber flocculants, by mixing fiber flocks of different colors, by needling back a different colored fiber layer or the like. Although these products are compared to needle felts produced in other ways

advantages, but their manufacture is significant,

more playful. In particular, these structures also have the typical disadvantageous characteristic of needle felts, which is why in the

rich, for example because of their high fiber density, the desired furnishing comfort cannot be achieved. For this reason, needle felts are practically out of the question for eg blankets and clothing.

eden aus Wolle gesponnene Garne parallel auf einem Träger abgelegt und auf diesem durch Vernadeln befestigt sind, unter anschliessender Verklebung mit einem Bindemittel. Durch die gedrehten relativ dicken Garne werden die Wollfasern zwar gut untereinander gebunden, so dass eine anschliessende weniger heftige Nadelung als üblich erfcrderlich ist und eine relativ gute Fadenstruktur erhalten bleibt. Nachteilig ist jedoch bereits der hohe Herstellungsaufwand sowie z.B. eine Beschränkung in Bezug auf Dicke, Farbe oder Musterung. Insbesondere tritt bei einer solchen Ware jede Ungleichmässigkeit zwischen den parallel gelegten Garnreihen sofort sichtbar auf. Solche Garna können naturgemäss auch nicht mit weiteren, beisp_elsweise loser. Faserschichten zum Zwekke der Musterung gemischt werden.There are also needled carpets known

Each yarn spun from wool is placed in parallel on a support and attached to it by needling, with subsequent bonding with a binder. Because of the twisted, relatively thick yarns, the wool fibers are well bound to one another, so that subsequent, less violent needling is required than usual and a relatively good thread structure is retained. However, the high manufacturing outlay and, for example, a restriction in terms of thickness, color or pattern are disadvantageous. In particular, in the case of such a product, any unevenness between the parallel rows of yarn appears immediately. Such yarns can naturally not be loosened with other, for example. Fiber layers are mixed for the purpose of the pattern.

Aufwand mustermässig z.B. strukturell oder farblich gestaltet werden kann, und das eine breite Einsatzmöglichkeit zulassen soll.It is therefore the object of the invention to create a textile fabric of the type described at the outset without the disadvantages of the known fabric, in which, for example, without a heat or pressure process or additional measures acting on the fiber material of the fiber layer, for example a comfortable pattern-based surface

Effort can be patterned, for example, structurally or in color, and that should allow a wide range of uses.

To achieve the object, the textile fabric of the type mentioned at the outset is characterized in that the nonwoven fiber layer, which has a non-uniform surface, contains fiber structures made from spherically entangled fibers, the fiber structures of which are consolidated by means of the needling fibers.

On the basis of the knowledge that twisted yarns, for example, due to their pre-consolidation, require less needle consolidation than loose fibers, but are an expensive product, are difficult to meter and difficult to combine, the essential bases of the product according to the invention are the structures consisting of the spherically entangled fibers or Bodies proposed that are referred to below as ball yarns. Due to their structure, in contrast to fibers or fiber flakes on the one hand and yarns on the other hand, the ball yarns are preferably more or less free-flowing, which, for example, considerably facilitates the process of combining and laying the ball yarns in the fiber layer, or enables them in the first place. The shape of these spherical yarns can be either spherical or spherical, ie also elongated or of elongated shape, and is therefore preferably essentially round in cross section, for example like a yarn. With a ratio of length to width of, for example, about 1: 1, the ball yarn is approximately or completely round, while with a ratio of width to length. Of, for example, about 1: 2, it is approximately oval and with a ratio of width to length of e.g. approximately 1: 3 to 1: 5 can be approximately worm-shaped. It can also have a cylindrical shape. Structures of this type made from, for example, many types of textile fibers can be handled well in the process of mixing and layering due to their free-flowing and rolling properties. The ball yarns contain, for example, individual fibers of finite length, and the shape and the round cross section result from the spherically entangled arrangement of the fibers, which are, for example, spherically entangled or curled. The ball yarn can also contain spherically entangled pieces of helically spun fibers. Spherical fiber aggregates are already known (DE-OS 2 811 004), in which the individual fibers not twisted together are entangled with one another. These consist of lumps of matted short fibers or thread pieces and are suitable as sealing or cushioning material. A collection of a large number of fiber pieces is undesirable for sufficient matting. Felted fibers, however, are known to be a random, inextricable mass or a jumble of fibers in a crossed position with high density (Jaumann, New large manual of textile science, specialist book publisher Dr. Pfannenberg & CO., Giessen, 1956, 2nd edition, pages 689 - 693), which is more than 0.1 g / cm ³ , for example up to 0.6 g / cm ³ . (Handbook for textile engineers and textile practitioners, section T 14, E. Wagner, Mechanical-Technological Textile Tests, Dr. Spohr - Verlag, Wupperthal-Elberfeld, 1966, 8th edition, page 293. Products made from felted fibers are therefore known to have a heavy grip (Fischer-Bobsin, Lexicon textile finishing and border areas, Verlag Fischer-Bobsin, Dülmen-Daldrup, 1960, 2nd edition, pages 694 - 695). The well-known fiber balls can only be mixed with each other or with another material, eg on a carrier Particularly because of their short fiber lengths of 3 mm, they are therefore only limited and can be used in accordance with their dense structure, so they cannot be used for textile fabrics if products with low hardness and density are required or their further processing due to their structure binding-free consolidation, for example for the production of textile fabrics, is required t.

Furthermore, kugelice fiber agglomerations of 5 mm in diameter are known (DE-IS 12 83 084 or FR-PS 14 22 835, DE-AS 15 61 615 or BE-IS 682.175) in which = olz fibers are merely placed against each other and which are made from an aqueous suspension to avoid their dissolution by means of weak turbulence which acts over several hours. The fiber balls separated and dried from the suspension have a density of 0.02 - 1 and correspond in size to the length of the fibers, which is 0.2 - 15 mm. Because of the dependence of the ball size on the respective fiber length, a structure of the ball from fibers placed against one another is therefore decisive and limited to the use of a selected fiber material. Such fiber structures are particularly suitable only for the production of building boards, moldings or paper because of the short fibers and the use of binders.

The flammable spherical fiber structures known from FR-PS 898.980 are also made of felted fibers and therefore also do not have properties that go beyond use as a fuel.

The ball yarns of the textile fabric according to the invention, on the other hand, have non-felted fibers, e.g. in a needle-capable density and a structure in which the fibers, due to their sufficient length, preferably at least 15 mm, are arranged substantially following the curvature of the spherical shape, or can be oriented accordingly, so that they are spherically entangled. Because of the needled density, the fiber layer of the textile fabric according to the invention can therefore not only be consolidated by needling, but also by crocheting or knitting.

These and other properties of the ball yarns can also be found in CH-PS No. (corresponding to CH-PS No. dated November 1979, entitled "Spherical fiber aggregate"), to which reference is therefore made here for a more detailed explanation.

In the textile fabrics according to the invention, the fiber structures can therefore be referred to as kinetically independent parts, which result in the non-uniform surface that ^g at will emustert eg be structured knob-like or can have different colors. Due to the intricate arrangement, the fibers are held in the ball yarn and receive, for example, a desired pre-consolidation with each other, similar to, for example, a conventional loosely twisted fiber yarn, so that, if desired, the consolidation by the needle process can be less intensive and have a greater thickness and Elasticity of the product as well as better maintenance of the structure can be achieved. As a result of the spherically entangled fibers, they are, for example, in a still looser arrangement, so that the ball yarns are, for example, actively needled. The fiber layer can therefore be needled in an advantageous manner by fibers originating from it. However, they can also be passively needled, ie needling fibers can be passed through or pulled through the ball yarns or introduced into the same.

Due to the shape of the ball yarn e.g. a body with defined dimensions and a closed structure with non-parallel fibers and with a surface in which the fibers, e.g. are held with their ends inside the ball yarn and secured against unwanted falling out. Despite their active needling ability, the ball yarns therefore have greater cohesion, e.g. Tensile strength and abrasion resistance on as a known untwisted fiber structure, e.g. a fiber flake in which the surface has outwardly projecting fibers that are not secured against being pulled out.

Needling fibers are also to be understood below as those which are not only the needling technique in nonwovens, e.g. for nonwovens or textile composites, but also for crocheting, knitting or the like, e.g. can result in active or passive involvement. The ball yarn can also, e.g. sewn using a multi-needle method, which is why e.g. fibers of sewing threads or these themselves are to be understood as needling fibers.

Depending on the desired pattern / or shape and the ball Carne, the same in Einei amount of about 10 - 100% by weight present based on the total weight of de ^_ Faserschient.. Depending on the ver The round ball yarns can have a diameter of 3 - 50 mm depending on the type of fiber and / or the amount or desired pattern. The warm ball yarns can have a thickness of approx. 3 - 50 mm and a length of 9 - 150 mm, for example. The size or thickness of the individual ball yarns depends, for example, apart from the fiber fineness, fiber quality and length, on the amount of fibers involved. In the needled state, the fiber density in a loosely deposited ball yarn can be, for example, 0.01 to 0.1 g / cm ³ .

The textile fabric ₂ thus preferably has novel properties which depend, for example, on the type, density and needling of the ball yarns. The ball yarns can be of the same or different properties. Each ball yarn can contain one type of fiber or fiber blend or have one or more colors. Advantageously, the ball yarn fibers of different lengths and therefore short fibers or those of z.3. Waste yarns, ie of different origins and colors. Natural fibers, such as cotton or wool fibers or animal hair such as goat hair, peiz hair or the like, or synthetic fibers of various types, for example one or more multifilaments, such as those made of polyamide, polypropylene, polyester, glass fibers or the like, can be used, textured ones, for example, crimped Fibers can result in additional structuring and bulking. Mixed ball yarns made from natural fibers and ball yarns made from synthetic fibers can also be present. The stack lengths can be chosen as desired within the scope of the manufacturing possibilities and are, for example, 40-120 mm. The fiber titer can be between about 3 dtex and 100 dtex, preferably between 6 and 40 dtex, it being possible to add a portion of coarse fibers, for example for a desired structuring.

Ball yarn can advantageously lie next to ball yarn. As a result, a single-layer structure and thus a single-layer textile fabric can be formed which, for example, has a thickness which corresponds to the thickness of the Kugelgarr.es after needling speaks. However, there can also be superimposed ball yarns, so that a correspondingly thicker fiber layer can be formed, and the ball yarns can have different sizes or diameters and, for example, ball yarns of different sizes can be mixed with one another. The fiber layer can be made up of a layer of ball yarns of large diameter and an overlying layer of ball yarns of smaller diameter and both layers can be consolidated by needling,

In a further embodiment, the ball yarns in the fiber layer can also be made with a fiber material, e.g. the same as described above for the ball yarn, but of a different shape, e.g. be mixed with elongated fiber pieces, fiber flakes or fibers themselves or be embedded therein, if this e.g. for additional consolidation, patterning or filling of spaces between the ball yarns is desired. A mixture of ball yarns with another fiber material can be used when using the textile fabric according to the invention for e.g. Outer clothing purposes may be beneficial.

The fiber structure layer can, however, also be needled with a carrier layer, so that the ball yarns are fastened thereon.

The ball yarns can, in particular, also be placed loosely on the carrier layer and connected to it by needling. The carrier layer can be a passively needle-capable sheetlike structure, such as, for example, a plastic film, grid film, a net, a woven fabric, a knitted fabric, fiber composite material, paper, cardboard or the like. In a further embodiment, the backing layer can, however, also be an actively needlable sheet, so that the textile sheet can additionally be needled from the needlable backing layer. Furthermore, a layer of a material of a different shape than the ball yarns can be fastened over the fiber layer with the ball yarns Carrier layer to be connected by nailing. The cover layer can prevent damage caused by excessive needling of severely pre-remnant nail yarns. However, the risk of damage to the ball yarns can also be avoided by mixing the same with another fiber material as described above.

The fiber layer preferably contains the ball cigarettes over an entire extent of the textile fabric; however, these may also be present in a pattern only over part of the extent of the textile surface structure. In this way, textile fabrics with any desired structure, texture and appearance and also e.g. an aesthetic pattern. The fabric according to the invention can be used for a textile e.g. a floor or wall covering, a bedspread, for clothing fabrics, for decorative fabrics or textile coverings, e.g. for covering upholstered furniture, but also for insulation purposes. The ball yarns can be of the type e.g. by entangling or by tangling fibers into balls or elongated structures between the fingers of the hand. Technical manufacturing processes for spherical fiber aggregates are e.g. known from the already mentioned DE-OS 28 11 004. The invention is explained in more detail below with reference to the drawing in exemplary embodiments. Show it:

• Figure 1: a textile fabric in section in a schematic, diagrammatic representation
• FIG. 2: a textile fabric with a carrier layer in section in a schematic representation,
• 3 shows a part of the fabric of FIG. 2 in a view according to arrow C,
• FIG. 4: a part of FIG. 2 in an enlarged representation before the needling,
• Figure 5: another textile fabric with a view of the wearer on average in a schematic representation,
• FIG. 6: a part of the fabric of FIG. 5 in a view according to arrow D,
• FIG. 7: a further flat textile structure in section in a schematic representation,
• Figure 8: another textile fabric in section in a schematic representation, and
• Figure 9: a ball yarn in section in a schematic representation.

According to FIG. 1, a textile fabric 1 consists of a non-woven fiber layer 2 which contains individual fiber structures 3. Each fiber structure 3 is made up of fibers 4 which are spherically entangled, for example entangled or rolled up in the manner of a ball. The fiber structures 3 are delimited round bodies, ie round ball yarns 3a, from which the fiber layer 2 is constructed. The K _J gel yarns 3a and thus the fiber layer 2 are needled and solidified by holding fibers 5 originating from the ball yarns 3a. The needle-capable fibers 4 can therefore be gripped by needles, such as those used to solidify textile fabrics in needle felting technology, without great resistance and without substantial destruction of the fibers and also without excessive wear of the needles, and in the direction transverse to the surface plane of the fiber layer 2 through the Ball yarns 3a are passed through. As can be seen from FIG. 1, the textile fabric 1 consists solely of the fiber layer 2 composed of the ball yarns 3a, which preferably have a regular shape and essentially the same dimensions, and therefore has a thickness A, which is equal to a diameter B of the individual needles Ball yarn 3a is. The consolidation can, however, also have been carried out with other suitable needle techniques, for example with Maliwatt, Malimo or Malipol processes. As a result of the ball yarns 3a, the textile fabric 1 has a non-uniform, for example nub-like, ie structured surface 6. If necessary or desired, the fiber layers 2 or optionally protruding or protruding holding fibers 5 additionally by a binder (not shown), can be solidified, for example, by soaking with the same and then drying.

As FIGS. 2 and 3 show, there is a non-woven fiber layer 7 made of ball yarns 8 with spherically entangled fibers 9 and therefore has a non-uniform, e.g. structured surface 11. By means of needled holding fibers 10, which can originate from the ball yarns 8, the fiber layer 7 is provided with a carrier layer 12, e.g. connected from a nonwoven fabric so that a textile fabric 13 is present.

As FIG. 4 shows, the ball yarns 8 have a round shape when they are in the un-needled state. The round ball yarns are flattened or flattened by needling (Fig. 2), which e.g. depends on the strength or intensity of the needling or the bulk of the ball yarns. The needling can also result in a constriction, so that there can be an original structure, such as that e.g. cannot be achieved with two-dimensional, flat-laid fibers.

According to FIGS. 5 and 6, a non-woven fiber layer 14 contains worm-shaped ball yarns 15 of different sizes made of spherically entangled fibers 16. The ball yarns 15 are needled by means of holding fibers 17 with a carrier layer 18 and fastened on this, so that a textile fabric 19 is present overall. As a result of the different sizes and the shape of the ball yarns 15, there is a non-uniform surface 20 with a particularly pronounced structure.

A fibrous layer 21 according to FIG. 7 contains distributed spherical yarns 22 made of spherically entangled fibers 23. The spherical yarns 22 are embedded in a fibrous material 24 which fills the spaces 25 between the spherical yarns 22 and forms the fibrous layer 21 together with them. The ball yarns 22 are fastened together with the fiber material 24 by means of holding fibers 26 by needling on a carrier layer 27. As shown in a section E of FIG. 7, a cover layer 28 made of a fiber material of a different shape can be placed over the ball yarns 22, which is also connected to the carrier layer 27 by needle punching with the ball yarns 22. The fiber layer 21 with the ball yarns 22, the fiber material 24 and the cover layer 28, together with the backing layer 27, in turn forms a textile fabric 29 with, for example, a patterned surface. As shown in FIG. 8, a fiber layer 30 is matched

her Dichte vorliegenden Fasern nicht erreichbar. Gogenüber Garner. liegt eine mechanische Vem estigung vor, die allein dirch die sphärische Verschlingung oder durch sphärisches Einrollen hervorgerufen wird, wobei diese Verschl ngungsfestigkeit ein Auflösen des Kugelgarns 36 verhindert. Sie kanr z.B. d'urch gokräuselte Fascrn, z.B. urter Verwendung von 40% Polypropyelnfasern erhöht werden.

Because of the density of the existing fibers, this cannot be achieved. Gogenüber Garner. there is a mechanical strengthening which is caused solely by the spherical interlacing or by spherical curling, this locking strength preventing the ball yarn 36 from dissolving. It can be increased, for example, by curled fibers, for example using 40% polypropylene fibers.

The fiber structures from the spherically entangled fibers as they are present in the textile fabric according to the invention have, e.g. completely different properties compared to the known hard structures made of matted short fibers, which because of their high density e.g. not penetrated by needles and, due to their short fiber length of 3 mm, cannot be caught by them, i.e. The spherical yarn of the textile fabric according to the invention cannot be compared with a pimple or a nisse, which is known to consist of a tangle of intertwined fibers that are drawn into a nodule. (P. Böttche, Textiltechnik, VEB Fachbuchverlag, Leipzig 1970, pages 750 and 758). They are therefore also hard structures with high density made of felted fibers and can also not be used in the textile fabric according to the invention. A nit is also an unwanted or undesirable faulty product and has a size of less than 3 mm, i.e. for this reason alone, it is not needlable and contains e.g. only 10 single fibers. The ball yarn according to the invention, on the other hand, is e.g. cus built up significantly more than 10 individual fibers.

The ball yarn can be pre-consolidated in the textile fabric before use. For this purpose, the natural felting ability of Wcll fibers can be used, by means of which an additional strength can be achieved in the ball yarn, while maintaining its needle density, beyond the spherical entanglement of the fibers. The ball yarn can also be soaked or coated with a binder. Here is the loose structure of the same from orteil, because the surface of the individual fibers for the binding agent can be reached and this can fully penetrate the ball yarn, which also applies to colorants, for example. In the case of, for example, pimples or nits or yarns, on the other hand, the surface of the individual fibers is blocked by adjacent fibers and therefore cannot be reached by a binder in the same way as with ball yarn.

Examples of ball yarns are listed in the table below, with ball yarn diameter, fiber values and needling conditions given for different types of fibers.

enverwende in Fasern oder deren E-Modul.The conditions of use are, for example, only one parameter in a series of conditions which are determined, for example, by the qualitative requirements for the ball yarn or the textile fabric. The needle densities or stitch densities can be kept the same for different sizes and types of fibers of the ball yarns; However, the stitch density can also be reduced by 25-50% if this is advantageous due to the size of the ball yarn fiber type or the like, because there is already a certain amount of pre-interweaving of the fibers due to the spherical entanglement of the fibers in the ball yarn. the size of the ball yarn is, for example, independent of the fiber length. Thus, balls with a diameter of 4 mm and those with a diameter of 25 mm can be produced with the gleamed fiber strand

Use fibers or their modulus of elasticity.

Due to the trickle-bed and rolling capability, a plurality of _K may ugelgarnen according to the invention in random distribution, for example, randomly distributed or randomly, in a single layer or in several layers one above the other stored. A fiber layer with a corresponding surface structure, for example a visual impression, can thus be produced. However, a metered, ie ordered, placement of a large number of ball yarns in a desired predetermined arrangement of the ball yarns, for example in a pattern, in a row, in a carriage-like manner or the like, can also take place. The fiber material in the form of the spherical yarns can be metered in the desired manner, for example for needling, in a surprising manner by orderly placement. The fiber material can therefore be deposited and solidified precisely at a desired location of a fiber layer to be produced or fastened to a carrier layer. An arrangement in, for example, parallel rows can also be carried out, for example, with ball yarns offset with respect to one another, which has hitherto been possible with fiber structures of different shape, if at all, only with a corresponding outlay. For example, tissue-like structures can be formed. However, it is also possible first of all to deposit a layer of larger diameter ball yarns in a metered manner or to fill in the gaps between the larger ball yarns in a metered manner with smaller ball yarns.

Claims (25)

1. Textile fabric with a non-blown fiber layer, which is fatted by means of needling fibers, characterized in that the non-woven fiber layer, which has a non-uniform surface, contains fiber structures of spherically entangled fibers which are separated from one another and are solidified by means of the needling fibers. 2. Textile fabric according to claim 1, characterized in that the fiber structures are solidified by active or passive needling. 3. Textile fabric according to claim 1, characterized in that the fiber layer has a thickness which corresponds to a thickness of the fiber structures. 4. Textile fabric according to claim 1, characterized in that the fiber structure is a round, e.g. spherical or spherical, e.g. have worm-shaped, oval or cylindrical shape. 5. Textile fabric according to claim 1, characterized in that the fiber structures have the same or different properties, e.g. in size, color, shape, type of fiber or the like. 6. Textile fabric according to claim 1 or 2, characterized in that the fiber layer essentially consists of the fiber structures with the spherically entangled fibers. 7. Textile fabric according to claim 1 or 2, characterized in that the fiber structures are needled with a carrier layer. 3. Textile fabric according to claim 7, characterized in that the carrier layer is a passively needle-capable fabric, such as plastic film, grid film, net, fabric, fiber composite, paper, cardboard or the like. 9. Textile fabric according to claim 7, characterized in that the carrier layer preferably containing textile fibers is actively needled. 10. Textile fabric according to one of claims l-9, characterized in that the fiber structures are natural fibers, such as e.g. Contain cotton, wool, animal hair fibers or the like or synthetic fibers or a mixture thereof. 11. Textile fabric according to claim 1 or 10, characterized in that the fiber structures contain crimped synthetic fibers. 12. Textile fabric according to claim 1, characterized in that there is a cover layer over the fiber layer with the fiber structures, which is connected to the fiber layer, e.g. is needle. 13. Textile fabric according to claim 12, characterized in that the cover layer contains textile fibers. 14. Textile fabric according to one of the claims 1-13, characterized in that the spherically entangled fibers of the fiber structures have a length of at least 15 mm, preferably 40-120 mm. 15. Textile fabric according to claim 1, characterized in that the fiber layer is solidified by crocheting, knitting or sewing. 16. Textile fabric according to claim 1, characterized in that the fiber layer contains a mixture of the fiber structures and a fiber material of a different shape. 17. Verwend _L ng of a textile fabric with a nonwoven having a non-uniform surface, verde saturated by passing managed fiber fiber layer with mutually delimited fiber structures of individual spherically wound fibers of a fabric. 18. Use of the textile fabric according to claim 17, for the Textilst.off with by needling e.g. fiber layer consolidated by means of the fibers of the flat structures. 19. Use of the textile fabric according to claim 17 with the fiber layer consolidated by crocheting, knitting or sewing. 20. Use of the textile fabric according to claim 17 for a floor or wall covering, a blanket, a clothing fabric, elnen decorative or upholstery fabric or for insulation purposes. 21. Use of the textile fabric according to claim 17 on a passively needle-bearing carrier layer, such as e.g. Plastic film, grid film, mesh, tissue, fiber composite, paper, cardboard or the like. 22. Use of the textile fabric according to claim 17 on an actively needle-bearing substrate made of textile fibers. 23. Use of the textile fabric according to claim 21 or 22, between the backing layer and an overlying e.g. by Verne a connected cover layer 24. Use of the textile fabric according to claim 18 with the fiber structures of the same or different properties, such as in size, color, shape, type of fiber or the like. 25. Use of the textile fabric according to claim 17 with the fiber layer made of a mixture of the fiber structures and a fiber material of a different shape.

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