Classifications

• • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
  • B63—SHIPS OR OTHER WATERBORNE VESSELS; RELATED EQUIPMENT
  • B63B—SHIPS OR OTHER WATERBORNE VESSELS; EQUIPMENT FOR SHIPPING 
  • B63B25/00—Load-accommodating arrangements, e.g. stowing, trimming; Vessels characterised thereby
  • B63B25/24—Means for preventing unwanted cargo movement, e.g. dunnage
• • Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
  • Y10—TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC
  • Y10T—TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER US CLASSIFICATION
  • Y10T428/00—Stock material or miscellaneous articles
  • Y10T428/25—Web or sheet containing structurally defined element or component and including a second component containing structurally defined particles
• • Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
  • Y10—TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC
  • Y10T—TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER US CLASSIFICATION
  • Y10T428/00—Stock material or miscellaneous articles
  • Y10T428/29—Coated or structually defined flake, particle, cell, strand, strand portion, rod, filament, macroscopic fiber or mass thereof
  • Y10T428/2982—Particulate matter [e.g., sphere, flake, etc.]
  • Y10T428/2991—Coated
  • Y10T428/2998—Coated including synthetic resin or polymer

Definitions

• Raw materials and finished products are increasingly being transported in bulk. This also applies to transport at sea. At the time of sailing, especially grain was shipped in bulk. Today stands for the transport of coal, ores, grain, minerals, salts, fertilizers, etc. in bulk, around 25% of the world's trade tonnage is available as a bulk carrier.
• a prerequisite for this most economical mode of transport is a certain insensitivity of the products to weather influences, so that the packaging, which protects against moisture, e.g. B. in bags, can be dispensed with. While this property is a prerequisite for maintaining the quality of the goods, there are other properties that are of considerable importance for the safety of the ship and its crew.
• the bulk cones of the cargo are more or less smoothed out before they depart.
• Such "trimming” ideally avoids the risk of the cargo being shifted sideways up to a heel angle of the ship that corresponds approximately to the natural angle of repose of the bulk goods in question. Assuming that heeling angles above a maximum value of about 35 ° do not occur with experienced ship command, it can then be assumed that bulk goods with a natural angle of repose above this maximum value can be safely transported.
• the object of the present invention is to make the transport of bulk goods on coasters and ocean-going vessels safe with simple means, without having to accept the deficiencies of the means previously used.
• bulk cargoes in coasters and seagoing vessels can advantageously be secured against shifting by heeling or pounding by solidifying the surface layer of the trimmed bulk material by binding the individual particles with a binder.
• the usual, mostly granular, bulk goods are to be regarded as bulk goods, e.g. B. cereals, mineral fertilizer granules, granulated plastics, ores and coal.
• B. cereals, mineral fertilizer granules, granulated plastics, ores and coal Of particular interest is the new process for cereals and mineral fertilizer granules as well as for crystalline ammonium sulfate, potassium chloride and raw phosphate.
• the binders can generally be used for the process in the form of their aqueous solutions or in the form of aqueous dispersions, even if they are water-soluble bulk materials.
• binders are aqueous dispersions of copolymers of vinyl compounds, in particular of copolymers of vinyl compounds, the film-forming temperature of which is above 0 ° C and in which the copolymers have a glass transition temperature below 30 ° C and a film strength above 0.7 N / mm 2 .
• Vinyl copolymers which give films with a film strength of more than 1 N / mm 2 and which, when stretched by half the elongation at break, give rise to tensile deformation of less than 5% are particularly advantageous as binders. exhibit.
• Suitable vinyl copolymers are e.g. B. conventional emulsion copolymers based on butadiene and styrene, emulsion copolymers based on vinylidene chloride, acrylonitrile and ⁇ , ⁇ -olefinically unsaturated mono- and dicarboxylic acids, such as acrylic acid and itaconic acid, and emulsion copolymers of monoolefinically unsaturated carboxylic acid esters such as, in particular, vinyl esters and acrylic esters.
• Aqueous solutions of urea-formaldehyde precondensates are also suitable.
• binders are customary, usually 40 to 60% aqueous dispersions of 30 to 60% by weight of butadiene, 30 to 60% styrene and 0 to 8% acrylic acid, methacrylic acid, itaconic acid, acrylamide, methacrylamide and / or N -Methylolmethacrylamid polymerized containing polymers.
• the binders can be sprayed onto the upper layer of the trimmed bulk goods, for example from single-component nozzles.
• the binder is used in amounts of 200 to 2000 grams per m 2 of bulk surface.
• This solidified area should preferably be a few particle diameters, usually a layer thickness of 1 to 5 cm is sufficient for this.
• the solidified upper bulk layer can, if desired, be easily lifted off and discarded if necessary.
• it also offers practically no resistance to unloading by conventional grippers, so that removal of the surface layer during unloading is often not necessary.
• the loading space of a ship is represented by a simulator with the dimensions 1 meter length by 1 meter width by 0.6 meter depth. Defined tilting movements can be carried out via an axis through its center of gravity. The goods are subjected to 10 heel movements in both directions per minute. The heel angle is increased from ⁇ 35 ° to ⁇ 45 ° during the simulation.
• the parts and percentages given in the following examples relate to the weight.
• the simulator is filled with a granulated fertilizer (grain size 2 to 6 mm) of 30 ° angle of repose and trimmed.
• the trimmed surface of the load is sprayed uniformly with a single-component nozzle with a 33% aqueous dispersion of a copolymer of 40 parts of butadiene and 60 parts of styrene with film formation above 0 ° C, the copolymer of which has a glass transition range of 10 to 20 ° C, a film strength of 9 N / mm 2 and a tensile set of 0%.
• the dispersion penetrates about 1 cm into the surface of the fertilizer granulate and solidifies this layer. After about 1 hour, heights of ⁇ 35 ° are simulated with the simulator. A further 2 hours later, the heelings are increased to ⁇ 45 ° and maintained for a total of 90 hours (108,000 heelings). The surface of the load is still unchanged.
• the simulator is subjected to the heights for comparison with the filling of granulated fertilizer without the surface layer being solidified according to the invention, the charge is shifted transversely with the impact side of the simulator at the first heeling of ⁇ 35 °, from which it does not emerge erect more.
• the simulator is filled with durum wheat at an angle of repose of 27 ° and the trimmed surface is solidified with a 50% aqueous dispersion of a copolymer of 90 parts vinylidene chloride, 8 parts acrylonitrile and 2 parts acrylic acid in a layer thickness of 8 mm.
• the dispersion has a film-forming temperature above 20 ° C and the copolymer has a glass transition temperature of 15 to 25 ° C, a film strength of 12 N / mm 2 and a tensile set of 0%.
• the surface shows no change after 90 hours. It also withstands the subsequent heelings of ⁇ 40 ° until it breaks off after a total of 138 hours (165,000 heelings), so that the experiment is stopped.
• the glass transition temperatures of the copolymers are below 30 ° C. and their film strength is above 1 N / mm 2 .
• the loads 3a-3c and 4a-4c are subjected to heelings of ⁇ 42 ° after every 2 hours, the loads 5a-5c only after 10 hours.
• the surfaces of the loads show no changes after 90 hours.

Landscapes

• Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
• Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
• Combustion & Propulsion (AREA)
• Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
• Ocean & Marine Engineering (AREA)
• Fertilizers (AREA)
• Addition Polymer Or Copolymer, Post-Treatments, Or Chemical Modifications (AREA)
• Paints Or Removers (AREA)
• Vehicle Step Arrangements And Article Storage (AREA)
• Transition And Organic Metals Composition Catalysts For Addition Polymerization (AREA)

Applications Claiming Priority (2)

Publications (2)

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Family Applications (1)

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Family Cites Families (10)

• 1978
  • 1978-09-30 DE DE19782842714 patent/DE2842714A1/de active Pending
• 1979
  • 1979-09-13 CA CA000335549A patent/CA1140000A/en not_active Expired
  • 1979-09-24 MA MA18794A patent/MA18594A1/fr unknown
  • 1979-09-25 EP EP79103629A patent/EP0009751B1/de not_active Expired
  • 1979-09-25 DE DE7979103629T patent/DE2960252D1/de not_active Expired
  • 1979-09-27 JP JP12332479A patent/JPS5547984A/ja active Pending
  • 1979-09-27 NO NO793110A patent/NO150271C/no unknown
  • 1979-10-01 US US06/080,217 patent/US4271231A/en not_active Expired - Lifetime

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