EP0008431B1 - Procédé d'isolation de supraconducteurs dans un enroulement magnétique - Google Patents
Procédé d'isolation de supraconducteurs dans un enroulement magnétique Download PDFInfo
- Publication number
- EP0008431B1 EP0008431B1 EP79102948A EP79102948A EP0008431B1 EP 0008431 B1 EP0008431 B1 EP 0008431B1 EP 79102948 A EP79102948 A EP 79102948A EP 79102948 A EP79102948 A EP 79102948A EP 0008431 B1 EP0008431 B1 EP 0008431B1
- Authority
- EP
- European Patent Office
- Prior art keywords
- insulation
- winding
- protective material
- sizing
- threads
- Prior art date
- Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
- Expired
Links
Classifications
-
- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01F—MAGNETS; INDUCTANCES; TRANSFORMERS; SELECTION OF MATERIALS FOR THEIR MAGNETIC PROPERTIES
- H01F6/00—Superconducting magnets; Superconducting coils
- H01F6/06—Coils, e.g. winding, insulating, terminating or casing arrangements therefor
-
- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01B—CABLES; CONDUCTORS; INSULATORS; SELECTION OF MATERIALS FOR THEIR CONDUCTIVE, INSULATING OR DIELECTRIC PROPERTIES
- H01B3/00—Insulators or insulating bodies characterised by the insulating materials; Selection of materials for their insulating or dielectric properties
- H01B3/02—Insulators or insulating bodies characterised by the insulating materials; Selection of materials for their insulating or dielectric properties mainly consisting of inorganic substances
- H01B3/08—Insulators or insulating bodies characterised by the insulating materials; Selection of materials for their insulating or dielectric properties mainly consisting of inorganic substances quartz; glass; glass wool; slag wool; vitreous enamels
-
- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01F—MAGNETS; INDUCTANCES; TRANSFORMERS; SELECTION OF MATERIALS FOR THEIR MAGNETIC PROPERTIES
- H01F41/00—Apparatus or processes specially adapted for manufacturing or assembling magnets, inductances or transformers; Apparatus or processes specially adapted for manufacturing materials characterised by their magnetic properties
- H01F41/02—Apparatus or processes specially adapted for manufacturing or assembling magnets, inductances or transformers; Apparatus or processes specially adapted for manufacturing materials characterised by their magnetic properties for manufacturing cores, coils, or magnets
- H01F41/04—Apparatus or processes specially adapted for manufacturing or assembling magnets, inductances or transformers; Apparatus or processes specially adapted for manufacturing materials characterised by their magnetic properties for manufacturing cores, coils, or magnets for manufacturing coils
- H01F41/12—Insulating of windings
- H01F41/122—Insulating between turns or between winding layers
-
- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
- Y10—TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC
- Y10S—TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
- Y10S505/00—Superconductor technology: apparatus, material, process
- Y10S505/825—Apparatus per se, device per se, or process of making or operating same
- Y10S505/917—Mechanically manufacturing superconductor
- Y10S505/918—Mechanically manufacturing superconductor with metallurgical heat treating
- Y10S505/919—Reactive formation of superconducting intermetallic compound
-
- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
- Y10—TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC
- Y10S—TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
- Y10S505/00—Superconductor technology: apparatus, material, process
- Y10S505/825—Apparatus per se, device per se, or process of making or operating same
- Y10S505/917—Mechanically manufacturing superconductor
- Y10S505/918—Mechanically manufacturing superconductor with metallurgical heat treating
- Y10S505/919—Reactive formation of superconducting intermetallic compound
- Y10S505/921—Metal working prior to treating
-
- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
- Y10—TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC
- Y10S—TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
- Y10S505/00—Superconductor technology: apparatus, material, process
- Y10S505/825—Apparatus per se, device per se, or process of making or operating same
- Y10S505/917—Mechanically manufacturing superconductor
- Y10S505/924—Making superconductive magnet or coil
-
- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
- Y10—TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC
- Y10T—TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER US CLASSIFICATION
- Y10T29/00—Metal working
- Y10T29/49—Method of mechanical manufacture
- Y10T29/49002—Electrical device making
- Y10T29/49014—Superconductor
-
- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
- Y10—TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC
- Y10T—TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER US CLASSIFICATION
- Y10T29/00—Metal working
- Y10T29/49—Method of mechanical manufacture
- Y10T29/49002—Electrical device making
- Y10T29/4902—Electromagnet, transformer or inductor
- Y10T29/49071—Electromagnet, transformer or inductor by winding or coiling
Definitions
- the invention relates to a method for isolating superconductors in a magnetic winding, in which sizes and / or binders containing organic substances which have been deposited on heat-resistant insulating agents are eliminated prior to in-situ annealing of conductor precursors intended to form the superconducting properties of the conductors.
- Superconducting intermetallic compounds of type A 3 B with an A15 crystal structure, such as Nb 3 Sn or V 3 Ga, have good superconducting properties and are distinguished by high critical values. Conductors with these materials are therefore particularly suitable for superconducting magnet coils for generating strong magnetic fields.
- ternary connections such as niobium-aluminum-germanium Nb 3 from 0.8 Ge 0.2 are particularly interesting for conductors of such magnets.
- a first component which is a wire-shaped ductile element of the intermetallic compound to be produced, is generally surrounded by a sheath which consists of a ductile carrier metal and an alloy containing the other elements of the compound consists.
- a niobium or vanadium wire is surrounded by a sheath made of a copper-tin bronze or a copper-gallium-bronze.
- a large number of such wires can also be embedded in a matrix made of the alloy.
- the structure obtained from these two components is then subjected to a cross-sectional machining. This gives a long wire-shaped structure, as is required for coils, without reactions that would embrittle the conductor.
- the super conductor of a superconductor consisting of one or more wire cores and the surrounding matrix material is then subjected to an annealing treatment in such a way that the desired superconducting compound having an A15 crystal structure is subjected to a. Reaction of the core material with the further element of the compound contained in the surrounding matrix is formed. The element contained in the matrix diffuses into the core material consisting of the other element of the compound (cf. DE-A-20 44 660).
- Superconducting magnetic coils made from such superconductors are generally produced by two different processes.
- the first process which is also referred to as the "react first then wind process”
- the preliminary conductor product of the superconductor to be produced is wound onto a provisional winding body and then subjected to the annealing treatment required to form the desired superconducting compound.
- the superconductor thus produced is then unwound again from the provisional winding body and can be processed further.
- Sizing for fibers made from the insulating materials mentioned can consist of an adhesive and film former, a lubricant and a wetting agent. If necessary, additives for adhesives can also be provided. These sizes contain, for example, starch, dextrin or polyvinyl acetate (PVAC) as adhesives and film formers, usually vegetable fats or oils as lubricants and surface-active substances as wetting agents. Binder for fabrics or nonwovens from the insulating materials mentioned ent generally hold organic substances based on paint or wax.
- PVAC polyvinyl acetate
- Such binders are, for example, polyurethane or polyvinyl butyral.
- the pre-products are generally braided or wound with glass or quartz threads.
- the insulations produced in this way are generally still impregnated with a binder based on paint or wax. Even so, simple wrapping does not offer sufficient security against interturn turns.
- Multiple braidings or braids are therefore provided, which, however, entail a substantial increase in thickness and therefore, in particular in the case of thin conductors, a corresponding reduction in the winding density in the winding. Due to the higher induction voltage between the layers of a winding and for winding reasons, layer insulation made of glass fabrics is generally used.
- the magnetic windings are generally subjected to a cleaning annealing at temperatures between, for example, 250 ° C. and 400 ° C. before the diffusion annealing of the conductor preliminary products. Carried out in a vacuum or in air, losses of the more volatile fractions of the intermediate conductor product, for example of tin, can occur, which deteriorate the current carrying capacity of the subsequently annealed superconductor.
- oxides can form on the matrix material, which diffuse into the glass material at higher temperatures, for example above 700 ° C., and lead to complete embrittlement and a decrease in the melting point of the glass. There is a risk of mechanical destruction of the insulation.
- the cleaning annealing is carried out under a protective gas such as argon, the organic substances are only partially driven out of the winding; the rest decomposes to graphite in the subsequent diffusion annealing. This worsens the insulation and can lead to short circuits in the winding.
- a protective gas such as argon
- This object is achieved for the above-mentioned method in that first the sizes and / or binders are completely removed from the insulation means and instead at least a part of the insulation means is provided with a protective material of predetermined composition, then the magnetic winding with the conductor preliminary products and Insulation means is built up and that the protective material is then removed from the magnetic winding without residue before the in situ annealing.
- parts for winding insulation and parts for layer insulation are provided as insulation means and after removal of the sizes and / or binders only the parts for layer insulation are provided with the protective material.
- glass, ceramic or quartz threads can be provided as parts for the winding insulation, which are arranged parallel to the conductor preliminary products.
- the loss of strength associated with the desizing process of the glass, ceramic or quartz threads is in fact of only minor importance, since the quartz, ceramic or glass threads placed in parallel are hardly subjected to any mechanical stress. In this way, the parts for winding insulation can be excluded from the outset as the cause of any deterioration in the insulation.
- a protective material with a dye additive can advantageously be used.
- the complete removal of the protective material from the wound, not yet annealed magnet coil can be determined optically by means of a solvent.
- a preliminary conductor product is used, as described, for example, in DE-A-2044660.
- a niobium wire is first surrounded with a sheath made of a copper-tin bronze.
- a large number of such wires can also be embedded in a matrix made of bronze.
- This structure is then subjected to a cross-sectional machining. This results in a long wire that is sufficiently ductile as a preliminary conductor product.
- This wire-shaped pre-product is then applied to the winding body of the magnet winding together with the pre-product using a glass thread, the thickness of which corresponds to the thickness of the pre-product.
- the glass filament has been thermally desized beforehand by annealing for about 30 minutes at about 500 ° C. in air.
- the associated loss of strength of the glass thread is of minor importance, since the glass thread placed parallel to the preliminary conductor product is hardly subjected to any mechanical stress. In addition, any that may occur easily repair cracks in the glass thread by simply laying such threads together without loss of insulation.
- an adaptation can be carried out by connecting several conductors of the same or different type in parallel.
- the conductor preliminary products can therefore run into the winding next to one another without being insulated, multiple turns being insulated from one another by a glass thread. It can thus be in addition to the current adjustment increase the aspect ratios of the ladder without the higke to impaired Stromtragfä- i t the head due to come anisotropy effects. A favorable winding density is achieved.
- the tissue stability is therefore significantly increased by impregnating the tissue with a small amount of a suitable lacquer or wax.
- Suitable paints are e.g. Those that cover the quartz with a protective film and can then be removed again with a solvent or by thermal treatment without leaving any residue.
- Mowital B60H registered trademark of Farbwerke Hoechst AG, Frankfurt-Hoechst
- Victoria blue 4R registered trademark of E. Merck, Darmstadt
- the bobbin assembly finished with the preliminary conductor product and the parallel, stripped threads and with the prepared quartz fabrics is then covered with a few layers of plastic film, e.g. made of Hostaphan (registered trademark of Farbwerke Hoechst AG, Frankfurt-Hoechst) and provisionally bandaged with a self-sealing winding tape.
- the impregnant can then be extracted using a solvent.
- Suitable solvents of the impregnating agent mentioned are, for example, ketones such as e.g. Acetone, alcohols such as e.g. Methanol or ether such as Methylglycol.
- the leaching is very easy with a special construction of a coil former, which is known from DE-A-2709300.
- This coil body has an integrated inlet and outlet system for form-free pressure impregnation.
- the solvent only has to be introduced through a lower hose nozzle and discharged through an upper hose nozzle when the coil body is at an angle or vertically.
- the washing-out process of the impregnating agent can expediently be carried out continuously with a special extraction apparatus. The extraction is complete when the solvent no longer contains any dye, i.e. colorless comes out of the coil.
- the washout process can take, for example, 10 to 15 hours.
- the coil is then dried, for example under vacuum or in a gas stream.
- the reaction annealing can then be carried out, in which the niobium of the wire cores is reacted with the tin from the bronze by diffusion to form the intermetallic compound Nb 3 Sn.
- a graphite formation in the winding and thus a deterioration in insulation is excluded because all organic constituents of the impregnating agent of the quartz fabric have been washed out by the previous washing process and glass threads that have already been completely desized from the conductor preliminary product have been applied to the winding body.
- the coil can be impregnated.
- Low molecular weight polyethylenes with mol weights between 1,000 and 8,000 can advantageously be used as the impregnating agent. These polyethylenes have sufficiently high solidification temperatures between 100 ° C and 120 ° C, are mechanically relatively strong even at room temperature and do not impair the training behavior of the coils. At processing temperatures between 120 ° C and 160 ° C, their viscosities are between about 0.03 and 3 Pas low enough for vacuum impregnation of tightly wound magnets.
- the protective material for the insulating fabrics is completely removed from the magnetic winding by washing with a suitable solvent.
- a thermal treatment for driving these materials out of the winding can optionally also be provided.
Landscapes
- Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
- Power Engineering (AREA)
- Manufacturing & Machinery (AREA)
- Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
- Inorganic Chemistry (AREA)
- Superconductors And Manufacturing Methods Therefor (AREA)
Claims (14)
Applications Claiming Priority (2)
Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
---|---|---|---|
DE2837199 | 1978-08-25 | ||
DE2837199A DE2837199C2 (de) | 1978-08-25 | 1978-08-25 | Verfahren zum Isolieren einer zu glühenden supraleitenden Magnetwicklung |
Publications (3)
Publication Number | Publication Date |
---|---|
EP0008431A2 EP0008431A2 (fr) | 1980-03-05 |
EP0008431A3 EP0008431A3 (en) | 1980-03-19 |
EP0008431B1 true EP0008431B1 (fr) | 1982-02-03 |
Family
ID=6047926
Family Applications (1)
Application Number | Title | Priority Date | Filing Date |
---|---|---|---|
EP79102948A Expired EP0008431B1 (fr) | 1978-08-25 | 1979-08-13 | Procédé d'isolation de supraconducteurs dans un enroulement magnétique |
Country Status (3)
Country | Link |
---|---|
US (1) | US4261097A (fr) |
EP (1) | EP0008431B1 (fr) |
DE (1) | DE2837199C2 (fr) |
Families Citing this family (10)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
JPS59103548A (ja) * | 1982-11-30 | 1984-06-15 | Mitsubishi Electric Corp | 超電導線輪 |
US4885970A (en) * | 1985-11-25 | 1989-12-12 | Fender C Leo | Moisture-free electromagnetic pickup for an electrical musical instrument of the stringed type |
US5212013A (en) * | 1986-06-30 | 1993-05-18 | The United States Of America As Represented By The Secretary Of The Air Force | Inorganic wire insulation for super-conducting wire |
US5246729A (en) * | 1986-06-30 | 1993-09-21 | United States Of America As Represented By The Secretary Of The Air Force | Method of coating superconductors with inorganic insulation |
US4990491A (en) * | 1988-06-29 | 1991-02-05 | Westinghouse Electric Corp. | Insulation for superconductors |
CH678465A5 (fr) * | 1988-07-14 | 1991-09-13 | Asea Brown Boveri | |
FR2643496A1 (fr) * | 1989-02-21 | 1990-08-24 | Alsthom Gec | Isolant multicouches pour conducteur electrique comportant au moins en surface un metal ou alliage peu ductile, et procede de fabrication de cet isolant |
US5021401A (en) * | 1989-04-03 | 1991-06-04 | Westinghouse Electric Corp. | Integrated production of superconductor insulation for chemical vapor deposition of nickel carbonyl |
US8056256B2 (en) * | 2008-09-17 | 2011-11-15 | Slack Associates, Inc. | Method for reconditioning FCR APG-68 tactical radar units |
US8701307B2 (en) | 2008-09-17 | 2014-04-22 | Howard C. Slack | Method for cleaning and reconditioning FCR APG-68 tactical radar units |
Family Cites Families (10)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
GB831138A (en) * | 1957-07-05 | 1960-03-23 | British Thomson Houston Co Ltd | Improvements relating to the insulation of electric windings |
US3655353A (en) * | 1969-05-21 | 1972-04-11 | Ppg Industries Inc | Glass fiber size |
BE755928A (fr) * | 1969-09-10 | 1971-02-15 | Whittaker Corp | Procede de fabrication de supraconducteurs |
GB1340983A (en) * | 1971-03-10 | 1973-12-19 | Siemens Ag | Superconductor cables |
CH532307A (de) * | 1971-05-19 | 1972-12-31 | Bbc Brown Boveri & Cie | Verfahren und Einrichtung zur Herstellung von Aktivteilen für Transformatoren oder Drosseln mit elektrischen Wicklungen mit bandförmigem Isoliermaterial, sowie dessen Anwendung auf Hoch- und Höchstspannungs-Transformatoren oder Drosselspulen |
US3838082A (en) * | 1971-05-25 | 1974-09-24 | Du Pont | Polytetrafluoromethylene coatings containing water soluble polyhydrolyzable compound for glass fabrics |
CH551091A (de) * | 1972-10-16 | 1974-06-28 | Bbc Brown Boveri & Cie | Verfahren zur herstellung einer wicklung und nach diesem verfahren hergestellte wicklung. |
GB1467997A (en) * | 1974-10-15 | 1977-03-23 | Imp Metal Ind Kynoch Ltd | Superconductive magnet coils and their formers |
DE2528995C3 (de) * | 1975-06-28 | 1979-04-12 | Bayer Ag, 5090 Leverkusen | Schlichtemittel für Glasfasern |
DE2709300C3 (de) * | 1977-03-03 | 1981-02-05 | Siemens Ag, 1000 Berlin Und 8000 Muenchen | Supraleitende Magnetspule mit Imprägniereinrichtung |
-
1978
- 1978-08-25 DE DE2837199A patent/DE2837199C2/de not_active Expired
-
1979
- 1979-08-10 US US06/065,628 patent/US4261097A/en not_active Expired - Lifetime
- 1979-08-13 EP EP79102948A patent/EP0008431B1/fr not_active Expired
Also Published As
Publication number | Publication date |
---|---|
EP0008431A2 (fr) | 1980-03-05 |
EP0008431A3 (en) | 1980-03-19 |
DE2837199C2 (de) | 1983-05-05 |
US4261097A (en) | 1981-04-14 |
DE2837199A1 (de) | 1980-03-06 |
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