EP0006656B1 - Dispositif pour l'extraction de minéraux par un trou de forage - Google Patents

Dispositif pour l'extraction de minéraux par un trou de forage Download PDF

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Publication number
EP0006656B1
EP0006656B1 EP79200311A EP79200311A EP0006656B1 EP 0006656 B1 EP0006656 B1 EP 0006656B1 EP 79200311 A EP79200311 A EP 79200311A EP 79200311 A EP79200311 A EP 79200311A EP 0006656 B1 EP0006656 B1 EP 0006656B1
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EP
European Patent Office
Prior art keywords
sleeve
drill pipe
sections
pipe string
plunger
Prior art date
Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
Expired
Application number
EP79200311A
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German (de)
English (en)
Other versions
EP0006656A1 (fr
Inventor
Wouter Hugo Van Eek
Current Assignee (The listed assignees may be inaccurate. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation or warranty as to the accuracy of the list.)
Stamicarbon BV
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Stamicarbon BV
Priority date (The priority date is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the date listed.)
Filing date
Publication date
Application filed by Stamicarbon BV filed Critical Stamicarbon BV
Publication of EP0006656A1 publication Critical patent/EP0006656A1/fr
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Publication of EP0006656B1 publication Critical patent/EP0006656B1/fr
Expired legal-status Critical Current

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Classifications

    • E—FIXED CONSTRUCTIONS
    • E21—EARTH OR ROCK DRILLING; MINING
    • E21B—EARTH OR ROCK DRILLING; OBTAINING OIL, GAS, WATER, SOLUBLE OR MELTABLE MATERIALS OR A SLURRY OF MINERALS FROM WELLS
    • E21B7/00—Special methods or apparatus for drilling
    • E21B7/18—Drilling by liquid or gas jets, with or without entrained pellets
    • E—FIXED CONSTRUCTIONS
    • E21—EARTH OR ROCK DRILLING; MINING
    • E21B—EARTH OR ROCK DRILLING; OBTAINING OIL, GAS, WATER, SOLUBLE OR MELTABLE MATERIALS OR A SLURRY OF MINERALS FROM WELLS
    • E21B10/00—Drill bits
    • E21B10/60—Drill bits characterised by conduits or nozzles for drilling fluids
    • E—FIXED CONSTRUCTIONS
    • E21—EARTH OR ROCK DRILLING; MINING
    • E21B—EARTH OR ROCK DRILLING; OBTAINING OIL, GAS, WATER, SOLUBLE OR MELTABLE MATERIALS OR A SLURRY OF MINERALS FROM WELLS
    • E21B4/00—Drives for drilling, used in the borehole
    • E—FIXED CONSTRUCTIONS
    • E21—EARTH OR ROCK DRILLING; MINING
    • E21B—EARTH OR ROCK DRILLING; OBTAINING OIL, GAS, WATER, SOLUBLE OR MELTABLE MATERIALS OR A SLURRY OF MINERALS FROM WELLS
    • E21B43/00—Methods or apparatus for obtaining oil, gas, water, soluble or meltable materials or a slurry of minerals from wells
    • E21B43/29—Obtaining a slurry of minerals, e.g. by using nozzles
    • E—FIXED CONSTRUCTIONS
    • E21—EARTH OR ROCK DRILLING; MINING
    • E21C—MINING OR QUARRYING
    • E21C27/00—Machines which completely free the mineral from the seam
    • E21C27/10—Machines which completely free the mineral from the seam by both slitting and breaking-down

Definitions

  • the invention relates to a device for the extraction of minerals through a borehole, which consists essentially of shots attached to a drill pipe and connected to one another in an articulated manner, which in the stretched state are introduced into the borehole already brought down to the mineral to be mined and furthermore consists of actuating means the shots of which are then brought into a zigzag position and moved back and forth in the axial direction, while there are means of extraction on the joints of the shots which loosen up the mineral outside the borehole wall and carry it out through the borehole with the aid of thick rinsing.
  • the sleeve there are three shots which are accommodated in the sleeve in the stretched state.
  • the sleeve is then provided on opposite sides with longitudinal slots through which the three shots can be placed in a zigzag position on opposite sides.
  • the middle shot has a pivot point that is axially displaceable in the sleeve, so that the opposite shots always protrude to the same extent on both sides of the sleeve.
  • the slots sometimes extend so far that the middle shot can be brought almost perpendicular to the sleeve.
  • the sleeve can preferably be tubular and have a diameter such that the tube can be easily pushed to the end of the bore even in the case of an oblique bore.
  • the shots are of such a length that, in the zigzag position, the overall distance of the joints from the axis of the sleeve is a multiple of the sleeve diameter. This distance may fluctuate and may exceed the diameter of the sleeve by some, but also by 20 m or more.
  • the extraction means for loosening the mineral can, as known from US-A-3,961,824, consist of chisels attached to the articulated connections of the shots. Because flushing liquid is required to discharge the detached mineral through the borehole, nozzles known per se, which process the material by means of a jet pipe effect, are preferably also arranged at the articulation points from US Pat. No. 3,961,824. Hard coal can be loosened up fairly easily using liquid jets.
  • the invention is characterized in that the extraction means for loosening a mineral consist of liquid nozzles, which are attached close to the articulated connections or on the articulation points of the shots, in such a way that the liquid jet is directed away from the sleeve. It makes sense to guide the liquid through the shots to the nozzle parts.
  • the shots are hollow. It is advisable not to pass the fluid through the joints, which in this case must have a complicated construction and can therefore easily become blocked.
  • the joints are preferably designed as completely closed ball bearings. Flexible high pressure hoses are used so that the fluid flowing through the shots can still pass through the articulated connections. The hoses are located on the inside of the joints so that they are not easily damaged.
  • the sleeve remains fixed in the original borehole. It can happen that such an amount of mineral is taken away that the sleeve is no longer stable in the resulting space.
  • the reaction forces of the spray nozzles act in such a way that a moment acts on the device, which in this case is insufficiently absorbed.
  • the use of only two shots is preferred, which is in ge stretched state in the sleeve fitting into the borehole and the sleeve has only a single longitudinal slot through which the two shots can protrude. In this case, only a single nozzle or set of nozzles is used and a channel is only attached to one side of the borehole.
  • the sleeve is supported entirely on the unworked borehole wall. Unwanted reaction forces can also be intercepted in other ways, for example with the aid of a guide mounted in the borehole.
  • the means interacting with the sleeve, which can axially stress the outer shots consist of a hydraulically moving plunger which cooperates with the sleeve and exerts an axial force on the shot facing the drill pipe via an articulated connection, the last shot facing away from the drill pipe is articulated on the sleeve end.
  • the plunger is sealed against a sleeve which can be screwed to the lower part of the drill pipe, the thread of the screw thread being opposite to that of the connections of the drill pipe, the sleeve being rotatably mounted relative to the sleeve and the shots , and a stop on the sleeve limits the stroke length of the plunger with respect to the sleeve.
  • the plunger must be hollow so that liquid can flow through the drill pipe to the shots. The plunger, which is displaced towards the shots by the action of the liquid pressure, exerts an axial pressure on these shots.
  • the shots are swung out.
  • the stroke length of the piston is limited by the stop on the sleeve. If the bush is axially adjusted by turning the drill pipe, the stop moves at the same time, whereby the swivel angle of the shots also changes.
  • the channels are formed by the action of the water jets and by moving the drill pipe back and forth.
  • the sleeve attached to the rod with the swung-out shots consequently moves back and forth in the mineral mountains and long channels are formed on both sides of the borehole due to the action of the water jets (or in special cases, as already discussed, on only one side of the borehole ).
  • Fig. 1 shows a drill string 1 in a borehole, not shown.
  • the lower part 2 of the drill pipe consists of an adjustable hydraulic feed mechanism with plunger 3 to be described with reference to FIG. 3.
  • This feed mechanism is rotatably connected to the tubular sleeve 5 which forms the frame of the extraction device.
  • This sleeve 5 has longitudinal slots 6 and 7 which are arranged opposite one another and at the same time offset in the longitudinal direction of the sleeve 5 with respect to each other.
  • the three shots 8, 9 and 10 can be swung out through these slots 6 and 7. In this example, the length of the shots 8 and 10 is approximately half that of the shot 9.
  • Shot 9 has articulated connections 9 ′′ which can be displaced in the fixed axial guide 9 ′ and which are designed as pins on both sides of the associated shot 9. The middle of this The shot, based on the sleeve 5, remains fixed in this way, shot 8 is articulated at 4 with plunger 3, shot 12 is articulated at 12 at the end Part 11 of the sleeve 5 and the shots 8, 9 and 10 are connected to one another by articulated connections 13 and 14. At or near the articulation points 13 and 14, nozzles or nozzle sets 15 and 16 are arranged in such a way that the liquid jet emerging from these nozzles is directed as perpendicularly as possible away from the sleeve 5.
  • Sleeve 5 and all accessories are introduced into the borehole using the drill pipe 1 to extract mineral (e.g. hard coal).
  • mineral e.g. hard coal
  • the shots 8, 9 and 10 are then folded together in the sleeve 5 (see Fig. 1). Liquid is now supplied to the nozzles 15 and 16 under high pressure through drill rods 1, plunger 3 and shots 8 and 9.
  • the sleeve 5 is moved back and forth by the upward and downward movement of the linkage 1. Due to the action of the liquid jets emerging from the nozzles 15 and 16, material is detached from the borehole wall, so that shallow channels are formed on both sides of the borehole.
  • the shots 8, 9 and 10 are then brought into the zigzag position shown in FIG. 2 by controlling the feed mechanism and the action of the plunger 3.
  • the shots are already partially in the channels formed. These are then deepened further by loosening up new material while simultaneously moving the sleeve 5 back and forth. This process is repeated until the shot 9 forms a fairly large angle to the sleeve; the maximum channel width is then reached.
  • the channel length is determined by the stroke length of the sleeve 5 and also by the possibilities of the mechanism for moving the drill pipe 1.
  • the loosened material is discharged together with the liquid from the nozzles 15 and 16 through the annular space in the borehole.
  • Shots 8, 9 and 10 can be removed as a unit.
  • the catch head 20 shown in FIG. 3 is used on the plunger 3, with the aid of which the swing-out part is pulled out completely with the aid of a catch device introduced through the pipe linkage using a rope. The same happens when the retractable core pipes are recovered without the rotary drill rods being removed from the borehole.
  • Flg. 3 shows a possible embodiment of an adjustable hydraulic feed mechanism for the swing-out shots 8, 9 and 10.
  • the sleeve 5 is rotatably connected at 21 to the lower part 22 of the drill pipe 1 or a corresponding part (40).
  • This part 22 is equipped on the inside with left screw thread 23 with a large pitch. This thread works with a corresponding screw thread 24 of the sleeve 25.
  • the plunger 3 can move axially in the sleeve 25. This plunger is sealed against the sleeve with one or more 0-rings 26.
  • the piston 3 is articulated to the swing-out shot 8, as shown in FIGS. 1 and 2.
  • valve 27 will open, so that the liquid has access to the nozzles 15 and 16 through plunger 3 and the shots 8 and 9. The entire device is then moved back and forth, the above-mentioned channels forming or existing channels being enlarged.
  • drill rods 1 and thus also part 22 are rotated to the right.
  • the bushing 25 cannot rotate.
  • the plunger 3 is namely articulated on one side with the shots 8, 9 and 10. These shots are fixed in the resulting gutter.
  • the plunger 3 cannot rotate.
  • the wedge 30 of the sleeve 25, which cooperates with this piston in a keyway 31 of the plunger 3, ensures that the sleeve 25 cannot rotate.
  • the rotation of the drill pipe 1 has the consequence that the bush 25 is displaced towards the sleeve 5 by means of the screw thread 24.
  • the stop 29 also shifts and the piston 3 can move further towards the sleeve 5, so that the shots 8, 9 and 10 also swing out further.
  • the plunger 3 is equipped with a catch head 20 so that this and the shots can be removed from the borehole in the manner already mentioned.
  • the head 20 has a passage opening 32 for the liquid.
  • the axial back and forth movement of the sleeve 5 is realized by a hydraulic cylinder-piston arrangement mounted in the drill pipe 1.
  • the mechanism in question is shown in FIG. 4.
  • Part 40 of the lower drill pipe 1 is no longer directly connected to the drill pipe 1, but is housed with its upper piston-like end 50 in this pipe.
  • the annular space 48 between the O-rings 41 and 42 can serve as a hollow hydraulic cylinder for the piston 50.
  • the extraction device consisting of parts 50 and 40, sleeve 5, bush 25, plunger 3 and shots 8, 9 and 10 is supported on lower stop 43 by means of stop 44.
  • the check valve 45 opens by increasing the pressure in the annular space. The liquid flowing in will press the extraction device in its entirety upward and be held back by the stop 46.
  • the empty space 48 can fill again when the pressure in the pipe string is relieved and increases again in the annular space, whereby the swung-out shots are first put into the extended position and then the spring of the check valve 45 is pressed in so much that that Valve opens and liquid flows into space 48 again. This initial situation has already been mentioned above.
  • a 56 cm drill hole is drilled from the surface of the day using an inclined drilling tower at an angle of 30 °.
  • a 40.6 cm standpipe is concreted in at a depth of 230 m.
  • a 37.5 cm hole is drilled in the strike and the inclination of the borehole is increased by 2 degrees every 30 m, using modern inclined drilling machines.
  • a borehole inclination of 80 ° is reached.
  • a 1 m thick seam is drilled with an inclination of approx. 10 °, corresponding to the strike of the borehole.
  • a 27.3 cm long lining pipe is now cemented and the bore continues in the direction of the seam inclination.
  • a 24.8 cm chisel with nozzle parts is used to drill the coal in a seam length of 1,000 m. Because hard coal is generally easier to loosen by spraying than the bedrock, the chisel will preferably follow the seam falling. Most of the time, the seam can be found again after any faults with the help of the known inclined drilling devices.
  • a 21.9 cm guide tube is now inserted with the help of 11.4 cm rotary drill pipes to the end of the 1,000 m long extraction area.
  • a number of devices according to the invention are used with increasing lengths. In this calculation example, only the last phase is considered, where the gutter is expanded from 10 to 20 m.
  • the sleeve 5 has an outer diameter of 14 cm.
  • the piston 50 has an outer diameter of 11.4 cm.
  • the drill pipe 1 attached to the 11.4 cm rotary drill pipes consists of a 17.8 cm "extreme line" casing pipe. If the shots 8, 9 and 10 can swivel at a maximum angle of 60 ° with respect to one another, the length of the longest swiveling shot is 23 m and that of the shorter swiveling shots is 11.50 m.
  • Attachments are used to mount the nozzle parts, which are attached as close as possible to each of the two protruding articulation points on the swiveling shot.
  • Each attachment has seven nozzles arranged in an arc, each with a cross section of 3 mm.
  • a reaction force of 970 N is triggered.
  • the nozzles are to be mounted in the attachment in such a way that they are as close as possible to the joint.
  • a quantity of 1.1 m 3 water per minute is circulated.
  • the hydraulic power of the nozzles against the coal wall is approx. 365 kW.
  • the pressure losses in the drill pipe are approximately 1.0 MPa and 0.05 MPa in the annular space.
  • the turbulent flow in the annular space is still able to convey coal particles of 2 cm in diameter, so that the loosened material is not difficult to remove.
  • the power required to swing out the shots (8-10) is provided by the liquid; a pull rope, as mentioned in the American patent mentioned, is therefore unnecessary.
  • the energy requirement corresponds to the energy expenditure recorded in a traditional coal mine.
  • the forces acting on the shots can be calculated on the basis of the coefficient of friction between the seam and the shots. Assume this number is 0.4. If, in the case of an inclination of 10 °, the weight of the device is able to partially eliminate the friction, it can be calculated whether the shots are subjected to a compressive or a tensile force. It can now be seen that the lower shot is exposed to a pressure of 755 N the moment it starts to work, ie with a channel width of 10 m. A pressure of 176 N acts on this shot when the channel has become 20 m wide. Because a 11.50 m long shot can absorb a pressure force of 20.6 KN before reaching the break point, pressure forces are of this size, of course, acceptable.
  • the second and longest swiveling shot has a pressure of 1167 N in the case of a 10 m wide channel.
  • the pressure effect is still 814 N in the case of a 20 m wide channel.
  • the top shot has a pressure of in the case of a 10 m wide channel 1 285 N and a pressure of 471 N for a 20 m wide channel.
  • it is also possible to reduce the coefficient of friction for example by applying a zinc layer to the swiveling steel sections or by using plastics or other means which reduce the friction.
  • An additional advantage is that the swing-out shots are subject to less wear.
  • a pressure drop in the order of 20 MPa in the nozzles should be preferred for coal extraction.
  • the effective distance can be four to twelve times the nozzle diameter, i.e. approx. 1.2 to 3.6 cm.
  • the flow at the joint opposite to the nozzles will decrease 100% and in the middle of the nozzles by 75%, which is sufficient to loosen up the mineral.

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  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Mining & Mineral Resources (AREA)
  • Life Sciences & Earth Sciences (AREA)
  • Geology (AREA)
  • General Life Sciences & Earth Sciences (AREA)
  • Geochemistry & Mineralogy (AREA)
  • Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
  • Environmental & Geological Engineering (AREA)
  • Fluid Mechanics (AREA)
  • Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
  • Earth Drilling (AREA)

Claims (10)

1. Dispositif pour extraire des minéraux moyennant un trou de forage, composé essentiellement de segments (8, 9, 10) reliés en charnière l'un par rapport à l'autre et fixé à un jeu de tubes (1), lesquels segments sont introduits, à l'état étiré, dans le trou déjà foré jusqu'aux minéraux à abattre, et puis de moyens (3, 5) à l'aide desquels les segments (8, 9, 10) peuvent être placés en zig-zag et mis dans un mouvement de va-et-vient en direction axiale, alors que les points de charnière (13, 14) des segments (8, 9, 10) sont pourvus de moyens qui abattent les minéraux en dehors de la paroi du trou de forage et les évacuent à l'aide de liquide par le même trou de forage, caractérisé en ce que le jeu de tubes (1) se prolonge jusque dans un dispositif de cylindre à piston plongeur hydraulique (1, 48, 50) qui est relié à une douille (5) contenant les segments reliés en charnière l'un par rapport à l'autre (8, 9, 10), laquelle douille est munie d'une de plusieurs rainures longitudinales (6, 7) permettant aux segments (8, 9, 10) de sortir de la douille (5) alors que les segments peuvent ensuite se déployer sous l'action des moyens (30, 31) coopérant avec la douille (5) et exerçant une force axiale sur les segments extérieurs, de telle façon que :
a) le jeu de tubes (1) se trouve pendant l'extraction dans une position stationnaire ;
b) la douille (5) est mise dans un mouvement de va-et-vient sous l'influence de l'action hydraulique du dispositif de cylindre à piston plongeur (1, 48, 50) ;
c) les segments articulés l'un par rapport à l'autre (8, 9, 10) peuvent être déployés par l'action des moyens (30, 31), coopérant avec la douille (5), jusqu'à une limite (28, 29), qui peut être réglée en tournant le jeu de tubes (1).
2. Dispositif selon la revendication 1, caractérisé en ce qu'il y a trois segments (8, 9, 10) qui se trouvent, à l'état étiré, dans la douille (5).
3. Dispositif selon l'une des revendications 1, 2, caractérisé en ce que le segment du milieu (9) est pourvu d'un point de rotation (9") qui peut se déplacer en sens axial dans la douille (5).
4. Dispositif selon l'une des revendications 1 à 3, caractérisé en ce que la douille (5) a la forme d'un tube.
5. Dispositif selon l'une des revendications 1 à 4, caractérisé en ce que les segments (8, 9, 10) ont une telle longueur qu'en position zig-zag, la distance entre leurs charnières (13, 14) et l'axe de la douille soit un multiple du diamètre de la douille (5).
6. Dispositif selon l'une des revendications 1 à 5, caractérisé en ce que les moyens destinés à abattre les minéraux sont de gicleurs (15, 16) fixés aux charnières (13, 14) qui sont montés de telle façon que le jet de liquide soit orienté en direction opposée à la douille (5), que les segments (8, 9, 10) soient creux et que le liquide puisse s'écouler d'un segment à l'autre.
7. Dispositif selon la revendication 1, caractérisé en ce qu'il y a deux segments qui se trouvent, à l'état étiré, dans la douille (5) et que cette douille est munie d'une seule rainure longitudinale.
8. Dispositif selon l'une des revendications 1 à 7, caractérisé en ce que les moyens (3, 20, 31), coopérant avec la douille (5) et pouvant exercer une pression axiale sur les segments extérieurs (8, 10), se composent d'un piston plongeur (3) hydraulique qui coopère avec la douille (5), et qui, moyennant une charnière (4), exerce une pression axiale sur le segment (8) orienté vers le jeu de tubes (1), alors que le dernier segment (10) - orienté dans une direction opposée au jeu de tubes - s'appuye en charnière sur le bout (11) de la douille (5).
9. Dispositif selon l'une des revendications 1 à 8, caractérisé en ce que le piston plongeur (3) est étanchéié contre une douille (25) qui coopère, moyennant un filet de vis (24), avec la partie inférieure du jeu de tubes (1), alors que ce filet de vis (24) a un pas qui est opposé à celui des jonctions du jeu de tubes (1), que la douille (25) peut pivoter par rapport à la douille (5) des segments et qu'un buttoir (29) sur la douille (25) limite la longueur de coup du piston plongeur (3) par rapport à la douille (25).
10. Dispositif selon la revendication 1, caractérisé en ce que le dispositif de cylindre à piston plongeur hydraulique se compose de la partie inférieure du jeu de tubes (1), qui sert de paroi du cylindre, et de la partie (50) servant de piston, alors que, entre ce piston (50) - qui constitue le bout supérieur de la partie inférieure (40) du jeu de tubes, et la partie inférieure du jeu de tubes (1), qui sert de paroi du cylindre, il existe un espace de cylindre (48), qu'on a prévu des moyens destinés à faire mouvoir le piston (50) et cela de telle façon que la pression du liquide dans le jeu de tubes (1), respectivement dans l'espace annulaire entre le jeu de tubes et la paroi du trou de forage, peut être alternativement augmentée ou baissée et qu'il y a des moyens (45) et (49) servant à mener le liquide à l'espace de cylindre (48) et à l'évacuer de nouveau de cet espace.
EP79200311A 1978-06-19 1979-06-16 Dispositif pour l'extraction de minéraux par un trou de forage Expired EP0006656B1 (fr)

Applications Claiming Priority (2)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
NL7806559A NL7806559A (nl) 1978-06-19 1978-06-19 Inrichting voor het winnen van mineralen via een boor- gat.
NL7806559 1978-06-19

Publications (2)

Publication Number Publication Date
EP0006656A1 EP0006656A1 (fr) 1980-01-09
EP0006656B1 true EP0006656B1 (fr) 1982-04-07

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EP79200311A Expired EP0006656B1 (fr) 1978-06-19 1979-06-16 Dispositif pour l'extraction de minéraux par un trou de forage

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US (1) US4278137A (fr)
EP (1) EP0006656B1 (fr)
DE (1) DE2962436D1 (fr)
NL (1) NL7806559A (fr)

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US4278137A (en) 1981-07-14
EP0006656A1 (fr) 1980-01-09
NL7806559A (nl) 1979-12-21
DE2962436D1 (en) 1982-05-19

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