EP0004824B1 - Messerkontakt und Verfahren zum Aufbringen einer Nickelschicht auf ein Aluminiumstück - Google Patents

Messerkontakt und Verfahren zum Aufbringen einer Nickelschicht auf ein Aluminiumstück Download PDF

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Publication number
EP0004824B1
EP0004824B1 EP79420015A EP79420015A EP0004824B1 EP 0004824 B1 EP0004824 B1 EP 0004824B1 EP 79420015 A EP79420015 A EP 79420015A EP 79420015 A EP79420015 A EP 79420015A EP 0004824 B1 EP0004824 B1 EP 0004824B1
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EP
European Patent Office
Prior art keywords
nickel
contact
layer
conductors
coated
Prior art date
Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
Expired
Application number
EP79420015A
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English (en)
French (fr)
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EP0004824A3 (en
EP0004824A2 (de
Inventor
Michel Ladet
Jacques Lefebvre
Jos Patrie
Current Assignee (The listed assignees may be inaccurate. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation or warranty as to the accuracy of the list.)
Rio Tinto France SAS
Original Assignee
Societe de Vente de lAluminium Pechiney SA
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Filing date
Publication date
Application filed by Societe de Vente de lAluminium Pechiney SA filed Critical Societe de Vente de lAluminium Pechiney SA
Publication of EP0004824A2 publication Critical patent/EP0004824A2/de
Publication of EP0004824A3 publication Critical patent/EP0004824A3/fr
Application granted granted Critical
Publication of EP0004824B1 publication Critical patent/EP0004824B1/de
Expired legal-status Critical Current

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Classifications

    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01H—ELECTRIC SWITCHES; RELAYS; SELECTORS; EMERGENCY PROTECTIVE DEVICES
    • H01H1/00—Contacts
    • H01H1/02—Contacts characterised by the material thereof
    • H01H1/021—Composite material
    • Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y10—TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC
    • Y10S—TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y10S205/00—Electrolysis: processes, compositions used therein, and methods of preparing the compositions
    • Y10S205/917—Treatment of workpiece between coating steps

Definitions

  • the field of the invention relates to the production of fixed or mobile electrical contacts on all kinds of aluminum parts such as bars, profiles of all types or pieces of equipment.
  • the new method applies, among other things, to the production of highly mechanically and thermally stressed contacts such as those made by plugging in and unplugging fingers from conductive bars. It also applies to the production of sliding contact systems such as those used in electric rotary machines with collector or ring. Finally, it can also be applied to the production of switches, contactors, circuit breakers or disconnectors.
  • the desired connections between these busbars and the user devices are made using fixed or removable devices, for example by means of movable contact fingers which are plugged into the busbars.
  • the bars thus tinned are made of conductive aluminum most often containing at least 99.5% of aluminum such as A5 (AFNOR standard), or of various aluminum alloys used as conductors such as AGS / L (standard AFNOR) which is more particularly suitable for molded parts.
  • the contact fingers are most often made of copper or copper-based alloys, such as, for example, brasses or bronzes.
  • the removable contact device according to the invention has the technical characteristics of claim 1.
  • the removable contact device makes it possible to ensure an electrical connection with low contact resistance, stable over time, between two conductors maintained in contact by elastic clamping, at least one of these conductors being made of aluminum.
  • This or these aluminum conductors is or are coated at least in the contact zone with a layer of electrolytic nickel.
  • Very good adhesion of this layer is achieved by modifying the surface condition of the substrate before carrying out the electrolytic deposition by means of a pre-deposition of a thin layer of nickel by chemical means followed by redissolution of this layer.
  • the invention also relates to the method which makes it possible to deposit, by electrolysis, a layer of unalloyed nickel of high adhesion directly on an aluminum substrate by virtue of a preliminary treatment of the surface of this substrate which comprises a pre-deposit of a thin layer of nickel. chemically followed by redissolution.
  • This process has the technical features of claim 5.
  • Aluminum parts are understood, from the point of view of the application of the method which is the subject of the invention, all non-alloy aluminum parts used as conductor such as parts in A5, or other aluminum grades unalloyed and also all parts made of aluminum-based alloys used as conductors, such as parts made of AGS / L or even AS7G.
  • this surface preparation allows both a complete elimination of the oxidized layer and the obtaining of a surface having a particular appearance, observable with the electron microscope which promotes the attachment of the nickel deposit.
  • the quality of the electrical contact can be further improved by bringing the nickel-coated aluminum part into contact with a silver-coated part, the core of which is aluminum or copper. It is well understood that, for the application, of the method according to the invention, it is to be understood by aluminum, nickel, silver or copper, these metals in the non-alloyed state with their usual impurities, the level of which is variable according to applications and also alloys based on aluminum, nickel, silver or copper which can be used as electrical conductors.
  • the remarkable quality of the contact devices according to the invention is due in the first place to the effectiveness of the nickel layer which protects the aluminum and also to the particular properties of the contact couple nickel / silver.
  • the nickel layer which protects the aluminum and also to the particular properties of the contact couple nickel / silver.
  • other metals can be substituted for silver, but at the cost of significantly lower performance.
  • the electrolytic process for direct deposition of nickel which also constitutes one of the objects of the invention, comprises an initial step of temporary pre-deposition of nickel, by means of a bath of determined composition, in the absence of electric current. This pre-deposition is then eliminated and then the final coating layer of nickel is deposited by electrolytic means.
  • the microscopic examinations carried out during the various stages of this treatment showed that the combination of a pre-deposit, of nickel by chemical means followed by a redissolution of this deposit, made it possible to obtain a surface state at the both perfectly deoxidized and having a particular appearance which constitutes an exceptionally effective bonding base for the deposition of final nickel which will then be carried out.
  • the nickel coating obtained by the process thus developed exhibits exceptional adhesion in cold and hot conditions, which allows the production of particularly durable contact elements.
  • nickel has, compared to other aluminum covering metals, such as copper, zinc or tin, the advantage of great thermal stability.
  • the diffusion of nickel in aluminum remains low and without drawback, even at temperatures where the tin and zinc are already melted.
  • Nickel also has the advantage of being a much less rare metal than tin, less expensive, and the price of which is not subject to speculative variations in the magnitude of those which strike tin or copper. .
  • the temperature is preferably between 20 and 50 ° C.
  • the contact time is short: a few seconds to a few tens of seconds.
  • the current density is from 2 to 20 A / dm2.
  • the thickness of the Ni layer is determined according to the applications. It will most often be from about 3 to about 25 pm. Other baths can also be used. One can, in particular, use baths allowing the deposition of nickel-based alloys.
  • Nickel-plated sections of AGS / L aluminum alloy bars 40 x 6 mm in cross section were used for making sliding contacts by skewering.
  • the contact time was 15 seconds at 30 ° C.
  • the electrolysis is carried out between nickel anodes and the bars to be covered. We operate at 40 ° C. with a current density of 3 A / dm 2 for 25 min.
  • the Ni layer obtained has a thickness of approximately 15 microns.
  • Figures 1 to 4 show an embodiment of a contact finger.
  • a contact finger consists of two elastic blades, generally called fishplates, (1) and (2) made of copper or a copper-based alloy of approximately 10 x 2 mm in cross-section, formed so as to be able to pinch elastically.
  • a contact bar (3) of approximately 40 x 6 mm in cross section.
  • Contact between the finger and the operating circuit is ensured in the same way by pinching a strip (4) connected to this circuit.
  • Springs (5) and (6) mounted on the axis (7) ensure the elastic clamping of the assembly with a clamping force of approximately 1 kg.
  • the curvature of the fishplates in the area (8) and (8 ') is such that, practically, the contact bars / fishplates is located at the end of these in (9) and (10).
  • Figure 5 shows the test device schematically.
  • the aluminum bar (10) of 40 x 6 mm section is fixed at its two ends in the jaws of an alternating traction / compression machine, not shown. In this way, the bar is subjected to alternating forces along the XY axis with a frequency of 155 Hertz. These efforts are reflected at the level of contacts by alternative micro-shifts comparable to those which occur in electrical installations.
  • the compressive tensile stress applied to the bar is ⁇ 80 MPa.
  • the first five pairs which correspond to the techniques practiced in the usual way for making contacts by skewering, relate to contacts comprising an AGS / L bar covered by electrolytic deposition with a layer of tin 17 ⁇ m thick on an under layer of bronze.
  • the copper fingers are either bare or covered with tin or nickel, or a tin-nickel alloy, or silver.
  • the other five pairs which implement the method according to the invention comprise an AGS / L bar covered with 15 ⁇ m of nickel, as described in the example and a second series of 5 copper fingers identical to the first series .
  • Each of these fingers is connected at its other end with contact bars (19) and (20) which are connected to a source of direct current not shown.
  • each of the fishplates such as (21) and (22) and the bar (18) is ensured by means of silver contact pads (23) and (24) whose flat and parallel bearing faces have the shape of a 3 x 3 mm square.
  • One of the faces of each of these pads is brazed to the splint and the other is in abutment on the surface of the bar section.
  • the thickness of these pellets is approximately 1 mm and the clamping pressure of the fishplates of the order of 1 kg. ensures good contact between each pellet and the silver surface of the bar on which it comes to rest.
  • the distance D between the fingers (16) and (17) at their contact with the bar (18) via the silver pellets is 50 mm between axes.
  • a recording voltmeter is connected to the ends of the fishplates at the contact pads. It measures the evolution of voltage as a function of time. The intensity of the direct current is fixed once and for all at a constant value of 25 amperes. We therefore see that we can deduce from a simple voltage measurement an overall electrical resistance 'R "which is the sum of the contact resistances between the two fingers and the bar plus the resistances for current flow through the bar section located between the two fingers. As for the contact resistance between silver layer and nickel layer, it is practically negligible.
  • the bars thus coated with nickel are susceptible to brazing treatments at relatively high temperature, without separation of the nickel layer.
  • This is how it is possible to connect by brazing using a Cd / Ag alloy with 95% Cd and 5% Ag bars made of AGS / L coated with nickel by the method described in the example. .
  • This brazing alloy has a melting point between 340 ° and 395 ° C.
  • the nickel layer which, according to the invention, covers an aluminum substrate, a thin layer of silver.
  • a deposition will be carried out for example by electrolysis in a silver cyanide bath, as has been said above.
  • Tests have been carried out to study the abrasion behavior of electrical contacts, one of the two contact elements of which is made of aluminum coated with nickel and then silver, the other element being a copper finger, comprising pellets of silver contact brazed at the ends of the fishplates, identical to the one shown in figure 7.
  • This finger is plugged in as in the case which has just been described on a section of AGS / L bar 40 x 6 mm in section, covered 15 ⁇ m of nickel plus 3 ⁇ M of silver as described above.
  • a known device makes it possible to subject the section of bar at the frequency of 3,600 cycles / h of alternating displacements in its plane, of approximately 6 mm of amplitude, the finger and, consequently, the silver contact pads remaining fixed. .
  • the contact surface of these pellets with the bar is the same as in the previous example, ie 9 mm 2 each.
  • the clamping force of the two fishplates against each other is also the same, i.e. 1 kg.
  • Table II below shows the total mass losses in mmg resulting from the wear of the contacts between the bar and the finger. The voltage drop at these contacts is also given. It was measured between the ends of the fishplates at the contact pads and the bar in the immediate vicinity of the contact area.
  • This deposit of silver therefore makes it possible to combine the remarkable qualities of a layer of nickel with high adhesion deposited directly on an aluminum substrate with the well-known qualities of silver for making electrical contacts.
  • the two contact elements of which are made of aluminum coated with nickel by the method according to the invention. It is also possible to coat at least one of the aluminum contact elements with a layer of silver deposited on a layer of nickel.
  • devices according to the invention comprising contact parts made of nickel-plated aluminum on which a contact plate made of copper, or silver, or a contact alloy or pseudo-alloy, resistant to the impact of short-lived electric arcs and also abrasion. It is then possible to use such devices for establishing and breaking under load of circuits, and also for sliding contacts such as those made on manifolds and rings.

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  • Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Composite Materials (AREA)
  • Materials Engineering (AREA)
  • Contacts (AREA)
  • Manufacture Of Switches (AREA)
  • Electroplating Methods And Accessories (AREA)

Claims (6)

1. Vorrichtung zum lösbaren Kontakt zwischen zwei Leitern (3 und 1-2 oder 18 und 21-22), bei der der Kontakt zwischen den beiden Leitern durch ein elastisches Klemmen beibehalten wird und bei der wenigstens der eine der beiden Leiter aus Aluminium ist, dadurch gekennzeichnet, daß der (oder die) Leiter aus Aluminium wenigstens in der Kontaktzone mit einer elektrolytischen Nickelschicht überzogen ist (sind), wobei der Oberflächenzustand des Substrats vorher durch eine Vorabscheidung einer dünnen Nickelschicht auf chemischem Weg mittels einer:
Figure imgb0012
enthaltenden wässerigen Lösung mit nachfolgender Wiederauflösung dieser Schicht modifiziert ist.
2. Vorrichtung nach Anspruch 1, dadurch gekennzeichnet, daß der Nickel überzogene Leiter aus Aluminium im Kontakt mit einem mit Silber überzogenen Leiter ist.
3. Vorrichtung nach Anspruch 1, dadurch gekennzeichnet, daß der mit Nickel überzogene Leiter aus Aluminium wenigstens in der Kontaktzone mit Silber überzogen ist.
4. Vorrichtung nach einem der Ansprüche 1 bis 3, dadurch gekennzeichnet, daß der Kontakt zwischen den beiden Leitern gleitend ist.
5. Verfahren zum Überziehen eines Stückes aus Aluminium mit einer Schicht aus nichtlegiertem Nickel in direktem Kontakt mit dem Substrat, bei dem das Nickel durch Elektrolyse abgeschieden wird, dadurch gekennzeichnet, daß man eine Vorabscheidung einer dünnen Nickelschicht auf chemischem Weg durchführt, indem man das zu überziehende Aluminiumstück in Kontakt mit einer wässerigen Lösung: bringt, die
Figure imgb0013
enthält, welche Vorabscheidung anschließend vor der Abscheidung der endgültigen Schutzschicht entfernt wird.
6. Verfahren nach Anspruch 5, dadurch gekennzeichnet, daß die Abscheidung der endgültigen Nickelschutzschicht durch Elektrolyse aus einer wässerigen Lösung erfolgt, die Nickelsulfamat, Borsäure und Nickelchlorid enthält.
EP79420015A 1978-03-31 1979-03-26 Messerkontakt und Verfahren zum Aufbringen einer Nickelschicht auf ein Aluminiumstück Expired EP0004824B1 (de)

Applications Claiming Priority (2)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
FR7810333A FR2421452A1 (fr) 1978-03-31 1978-03-31 Nouvelle methode de realisation de contacts electriques sur pieces en aluminium
FR7810333 1978-03-31

Publications (3)

Publication Number Publication Date
EP0004824A2 EP0004824A2 (de) 1979-10-17
EP0004824A3 EP0004824A3 (en) 1979-10-31
EP0004824B1 true EP0004824B1 (de) 1983-03-02

Family

ID=9206825

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EP79420015A Expired EP0004824B1 (de) 1978-03-31 1979-03-26 Messerkontakt und Verfahren zum Aufbringen einer Nickelschicht auf ein Aluminiumstück

Country Status (12)

Country Link
US (2) US4360411A (de)
EP (1) EP0004824B1 (de)
JP (1) JPS5510789A (de)
BE (1) BE875216A (de)
CA (1) CA1132639A (de)
CH (1) CH630742A5 (de)
DE (1) DE2964941D1 (de)
ES (2) ES478979A1 (de)
FR (1) FR2421452A1 (de)
GR (1) GR64859B (de)
IN (1) IN151340B (de)
IT (1) IT1113210B (de)

Families Citing this family (11)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
JPS59205079A (ja) * 1983-05-04 1984-11-20 Toyo Kako Kk 樹脂製バルブ及びその製造方法
DE3475243D1 (en) * 1984-05-18 1988-12-22 Sprecher Energie Ag Vacuum interrupter
JPH0528067Y2 (de) * 1984-12-29 1993-07-19
JP2531752Y2 (ja) * 1991-10-29 1997-04-09 株式会社サクラクレパス 塗布具
US5601695A (en) * 1995-06-07 1997-02-11 Atotech U.S.A., Inc. Etchant for aluminum alloys
US5703757A (en) * 1996-01-31 1997-12-30 Alcoa Fujikura Limited Electronic vehicular junction box having reduced size and weight
CA2304360C (en) * 2000-03-20 2009-06-30 S&C Electric Company Contact arrangement for electrical power distribution switch or the like
JP4593013B2 (ja) * 2001-06-04 2010-12-08 古河電気工業株式会社 アルミニウム合金導電体
FI113912B (fi) * 2001-12-13 2004-06-30 Outokumpu Oy Lisäaineellisella pinnoitteella varustettu yhdysterminaali
US7137751B2 (en) * 2003-03-14 2006-11-21 Societe Bic S.A. Writing instrument with cushioning element
US9154008B2 (en) * 2012-10-02 2015-10-06 Siemens Industry, Inc. Hybrid rotor bar assemblies, electric motors including hybrid rotor bar assemblies, and methods of assemblying same

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Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
CA520363A (en) * 1956-01-03 A. Payette Joseph Electrical contact
US1144000A (en) * 1914-01-19 1915-06-22 Aluminum Francais Soc D Treament of surfaces of aluminum or alloys of aluminum in order to prepare them for receiving a metallic deposit.
GB438228A (en) * 1934-08-25 1935-11-13 London Aluminium Company Ltd A new or improved process for the plating of aluminium
US2171546A (en) * 1938-05-03 1939-09-05 Aluminum Co Of America Surface preparation
FR910536A (fr) * 1944-04-24 1946-06-11 Galvanostegie Almeta Sa De Procédé pour le recouvrement de la surface d'un objet en aluminium ou en alliage d'aluminium, par un revêtement métallique adhérent
US2746136A (en) * 1951-08-01 1956-05-22 Pechiney Prod Chimiques Sa Treatment of aluminum and its alloys prior to electro-plating with lead
NL6412706A (de) * 1964-11-02 1966-05-03
US3472742A (en) * 1966-03-15 1969-10-14 Webb James E Plating nickel on aluminum castings
US3497655A (en) * 1968-01-10 1970-02-24 Motorola Inc Clad metal contacts for reed switches
US3666529A (en) * 1969-04-02 1972-05-30 Atomic Energy Commission Method of conditioning aluminous surfaces for the reception of electroless nickel plating
US3562467A (en) * 1969-06-04 1971-02-09 Engelhard Min & Chem Electrical contact
US3667991A (en) * 1970-02-02 1972-06-06 Texas Instruments Inc Processes for nickel plating metals
US3726771A (en) * 1970-11-23 1973-04-10 Stauffer Chemical Co Process for chemical nickel plating of aluminum and its alloys
BE791008A (fr) * 1971-11-09 1973-05-07 Citroen Sa Perfectionnements apportes aux procedes pour la formation sur une paroiexposee a des forces de friction et appartenant a une pieceen alliage leger, d'une revetement metallique composite resistant a l'usure
BE788470A (fr) * 1971-11-12 1973-01-02 Buckbee Mears Co Procede ameliore d'accroissement de la rigidite des ecrans d'impressio
JPS5143098B2 (de) * 1972-06-19 1976-11-19
DE2337171A1 (de) * 1973-07-21 1975-04-03 Bbc Brown Boveri & Cie Kontaktstueck auf aluminium-guss-basis
US4122215A (en) * 1976-12-27 1978-10-24 Bell Telephone Laboratories, Incorporated Electroless deposition of nickel on a masked aluminum surface

Also Published As

Publication number Publication date
IN151340B (de) 1983-04-02
US4408110A (en) 1983-10-04
FR2421452A1 (fr) 1979-10-26
FR2421452B1 (de) 1981-07-24
ES478979A1 (es) 1979-11-16
CH630742A5 (fr) 1982-06-30
US4360411A (en) 1982-11-23
GR64859B (en) 1980-06-05
JPS5510789A (en) 1980-01-25
ES482845A1 (es) 1980-05-16
IT1113210B (it) 1986-01-20
EP0004824A3 (en) 1979-10-31
DE2964941D1 (en) 1983-04-07
JPS5729803B2 (de) 1982-06-24
EP0004824A2 (de) 1979-10-17
CA1132639A (fr) 1982-09-28
BE875216A (fr) 1979-10-01
IT7921390A0 (it) 1979-03-28

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