EP0004604B1 - Marche d'escalier et sa méthode de fabrication - Google Patents

Marche d'escalier et sa méthode de fabrication Download PDF

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Publication number
EP0004604B1
EP0004604B1 EP79100869A EP79100869A EP0004604B1 EP 0004604 B1 EP0004604 B1 EP 0004604B1 EP 79100869 A EP79100869 A EP 79100869A EP 79100869 A EP79100869 A EP 79100869A EP 0004604 B1 EP0004604 B1 EP 0004604B1
Authority
EP
European Patent Office
Prior art keywords
formwork
concrete
wooden
reinforcement
adhesive
Prior art date
Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
Expired
Application number
EP79100869A
Other languages
German (de)
English (en)
Other versions
EP0004604A1 (fr
Inventor
Alfred Jagemann
Current Assignee (The listed assignees may be inaccurate. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation or warranty as to the accuracy of the list.)
Individual
Original Assignee
Individual
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Filing date
Publication date
Priority claimed from DE19787809575 external-priority patent/DE7809575U1/de
Priority claimed from DE19782845699 external-priority patent/DE2845699C2/de
Application filed by Individual filed Critical Individual
Publication of EP0004604A1 publication Critical patent/EP0004604A1/fr
Application granted granted Critical
Publication of EP0004604B1 publication Critical patent/EP0004604B1/fr
Expired legal-status Critical Current

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Classifications

    • E—FIXED CONSTRUCTIONS
    • E04—BUILDING
    • E04F—FINISHING WORK ON BUILDINGS, e.g. STAIRS, FLOORS
    • E04F11/00—Stairways, ramps, or like structures; Balustrades; Handrails
    • E04F11/02—Stairways; Layouts thereof
    • E04F11/104—Treads
    • E04F11/16—Surfaces thereof; Protecting means for edges or corners thereof
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B28—WORKING CEMENT, CLAY, OR STONE
    • B28B—SHAPING CLAY OR OTHER CERAMIC COMPOSITIONS; SHAPING SLAG; SHAPING MIXTURES CONTAINING CEMENTITIOUS MATERIAL, e.g. PLASTER
    • B28B19/00—Machines or methods for applying the material to surfaces to form a permanent layer thereon
    • B28B19/0053—Machines or methods for applying the material to surfaces to form a permanent layer thereon to tiles, bricks or the like
    • E—FIXED CONSTRUCTIONS
    • E04—BUILDING
    • E04F—FINISHING WORK ON BUILDINGS, e.g. STAIRS, FLOORS
    • E04F11/00—Stairways, ramps, or like structures; Balustrades; Handrails
    • E04F11/02—Stairways; Layouts thereof
    • E04F11/104—Treads
    • E04F11/116—Treads of stone, concrete or like material or with an upper layer of stone or stone like material, e.g. ceramics, concrete; of glass or with an upper layer of glass

Definitions

  • the invention relates to a stair step consisting of a formwork that essentially forms the lost surface of miter-cut and glued formwork panels, in the interior of which a reinforcement is arranged, and a hardened filler made of cement-bound concrete poured into the space between the reinforcement and the formwork , which connects the formwork with the reinforcement, and with adhesive bridges between the concrete and the formwork.
  • the lost formwork used there consists of individual slabs, which, however, have to be insensitive to water, i.e. marble slabs and other natural stone slabs, asbestos cement fiber boards, plastic slabs or the like, so that the connection of these slabs with cement-bound concrete as filler compound does not cause any difficulties.
  • the individual panels, which can be roughened on the inside, are mitred and glued together. After installing reinforcement, the interior of the lost formwork is filled with cement-bound concrete. The roughening of the inside of the slabs forms adhesive bridges between the concrete and the formwork.
  • the lost formwork can consist of thin-walled natural stone, artificial stone, ceramic, wood or the like.
  • the individual panels of the formwork are butted together.
  • the reinforcement consists of bars, strips or mats, preferably glass fiber mats.
  • a briefly hardening, shrink-free, plastic-bound concrete is used as the filling compound, i.e. not a conventional concrete that would harden with the use of cement.
  • the plastic-bound concrete has no water, so that its processing poses no problems, especially with lost wooden formwork.
  • this plastic-bound concrete has the disadvantage of a relatively high price.
  • the lost formwork can be provided with an adhesive on its inner surface, which forms an adhesive bridge to the load-bearing element, ie the plastic-bound concrete with its reinforcement. In most cases, however, this adhesive is not required.
  • FR-A-847 443 discloses reinforced flat plates, that is to say essentially two-dimensional structures, in which the plate forming the visible surface consists of a material which is not very resistant, for example glass, porcelain or other transparent or translucent materials.
  • This visible panel can also be made of wood or metal.
  • it is provided with a reinforcement on the back to achieve the necessary strength.
  • a reinforcement made of ribs arranged in a grid-like manner is first glued to the back of the visible plate with the aid of an adhesive substance, the ribs having a dovetail-shaped cross section in order to form undercuts in this way, which are later poured out with concrete.
  • An enamel melt or other decorative adhesive can be used as the adhesive substance in connection with a transparent glass plate, for example.
  • the reinforcement ribs initially attached can be made of steel or other resistant material.
  • the identical material of the visible plate can also be used.
  • pebbles, grit or the like which form adhesive bridges are embedded before the concrete, mortar or the like is poured between the reinforcement ribs. The concrete reaches into the spaces between the pebbles and the undercuts of the reinforcing ribs.
  • the invention has for its object to develop a stair step of the type described in such a way that it has the decorative advantages of a surface made of wood while maintaining the use of a cheap filling compound made of cement-bound concrete with the possibilities of easy installation of reinforcement.
  • the use of the previously expensive, relatively expensive plastic-bound concrete should be dispensable and the possibility should be created to calculate and use stair steps with the appearance of wood as fully-fledged static components, as is possible with stair steps made of reinforced natural or artificial stone.
  • the lost formwork is made of wood and a separating layer of synthetic resin is provided between the interior surface of the wooden formwork and the concrete, with which the wooden formwork is glued in the area of the miter joints, and that as adhesive bridges between the Concrete and the wooden formwork forming undercuts and / or anchoring means connecting the concrete are provided.
  • the use of the separating layer made of synthetic resin makes it possible for the first time on a stair step to use cement-bound, reinforced concrete in connection with a surface made of wood, because the separating layer prevents the water contained in the concrete from penetrating into the wood when hardening; the danger of the destruction of the wood and the destruction of the bond between the wooden formwork and the concrete is thus eliminated.
  • the synthetic resin layer also performs its second function, namely the creation of the connection between the lost formwork and the concrete, by bonding bridges between it and the concrete through the anchoring means, e.g. B. pebbles, chippings or the like held by the synthetic resin layer are created. With these anchoring means, e.g. B. pebbles, grit or the like.
  • a third advantage of the separating layer made of synthetic resin can be seen in the fact that its arrangement in the area of the miter joints results in reinforcement and stiffening precisely at these sensitive points of the stair step, in particular also at the edge that is used on the later stairs and thus on is most likely to be impaired.
  • the miter surfaces are connected to each other and stiffened by the synthetic resin, so that edges with a phase are formed on the step that are especially designed for stress.
  • Another major advantage of the new stair tread is that it can be easily manufactured and installed by concrete specialists, because the use of cement-bound concrete is no specialty or requires special knowledge for the professional groups working with it.
  • the lost formwork with the immunization through the synthetic resin separating layer can be produced centrally in large quantities, while further processing, in particular the installation of the reinforcement and pouring with concrete, can take place locally at the processing location.
  • the stair step can be assembled from a lost wooden formwork from four or five individual slabs to form free steps, whereby if the wall formwork is not installed on the wall, the opening of the wooden formwork serving to introduce the filling compound can be closed by a wooden plate or the like. But it is also possible that the wooden formwork is composed of at least two panels.
  • the wooden formwork is particularly advantageous for the wooden formwork to be made of veneered wood, so that chipboard, blockboard or the like can be used for the other parts or layers of the wooden formwork, which have the advantage of being free from warping over natural solid wood.
  • veneered wood gives great freedom of design, so that the various decorative effects of each type of wood can be fully appreciated.
  • the separating layer can consist of polyester, acrylic, epoxy resin or the like. What is essential is a synthetic resin that is impermeable to water, so that the lost wooden formwork is effectively protected against the water attack by the concrete.
  • the individual panels of the lost wooden formwork for better anchoring with the concrete, have recesses on the inside, undercuts, in particular dovetail-shaped grooves, which are covered by the separating layer made of synthetic resin.
  • This measure can be used alone or else in connection with sanding or the like.
  • holders into the dovetail-shaped grooves, which, on the other hand, anchor themselves in the concrete when it penetrates.
  • the holders can be designed as plastic injection molded parts.
  • the miter on the individual panels of the lost wooden formwork is cut at a greater angle than 45 °, preferably 46.5 °, so that a substantial stiffening is achieved in the area of this edge, but on the other hand the visible gap filled with synthetic resin on the outer surface remains as small as possible. It is also easily possible to rework the steps on the outer surface in the area of these edges.
  • a particularly advantageous manufacturing process is characterized in that the lost formwork is formed from individual panels of wood and these individual panels are connected and sealed at the same time in the unwound state on the later outside of the stair step with a slight mutual distance in the area of the miter joints by an adhesive tape and that the miter surfaces and the surface of the wooden formwork delimiting the interior are provided with a separating layer made of synthetic resin, on which anchoring means forming undercuts between the concrete and the wooden formwork and / or a connection arriving with the concrete are arranged as bonding bridges.
  • the adhesive tape is used in the unwound state of the individual plates, ie the individual plates are placed next to one another on a flat surface in the required assignment and connected to one another with an adhesive tape. If three panels collide in the area of a corner of a step, it is advisable to secure and seal one of these edges with the adhesive tape only at a later point in the manufacturing process.
  • the miter surfaces and the surface of the wooden formwork delimiting the interior are provided with the synthetic resin, that is, for example, painted or sprayed. Then she can Wooden formwork erected and the angular positioning of the individual panels, the plastic resin after attaching the anchoring z. B. the pebbles, grit or the like. Are brought to hardening.
  • the reinforcement is then installed and the interior of the wooden formwork - possibly using an auxiliary formwork - is poured with cement-bound concrete and hardened. It is particularly pointed out that the miter joints in the area of the miter surfaces are connected and stiffened by the synthetic resin, so that a perfect edge is formed at the step here. The addition of a phase does not have a disruptive effect either.
  • the opening of the wooden formwork used for introducing the filling compound can also be covered by a wooden plate after the filling compound has hardened, so that in this way steps are created which have six visible surfaces. If the stairs are integrated into a wall, this cover is not required.
  • the step 1 has a lost wooden formwork 2, which forms the surface of the step 1 visible from the outside.
  • the wooden formwork 2 is composed of various miter-cut panels 3. As a rule, five plates 3 are used for the production of free steps. If step 1 is to be completely closed, a sixth plate is used.
  • the lost wooden formwork 2 consisting of the panels 3 is provided on its inner surface and in the area of the miter joints on the miter surfaces with a separating or connecting layer 4 made of synthetic resin. Pebbles, grit or the like 5 are embedded or anchored in this separating layer 4 in the region of the inner surface, in such a way that their essential surface protrudes from the separating layer 4. In this way, adhesive bridges are formed between the plates 3 and the concrete 8.
  • the synthetic resin connects the miter surfaces of the plates 3 to one another.
  • the remaining space is poured with cement-bound concrete 8, also lightweight concrete, so that the reinforcement 7 is enclosed and the concrete 8 also forms the pebbles, the chips or the like. 5.
  • the water contained in the cement-bound concrete 8 cannot attack or negatively influence the lost wooden formwork 2 due to the arrangement of the separating layer 4 made of synthetic resin.
  • Fig. 3 shows a partial view of a plate 3 of the lost formwork 2, on which the separating and connecting layer 4 is applied, which holds the pebbles, the chips or the like. 5 firmly anchored.
  • the pebbles, the chips or the like have a size of about 1 to 10 mm.
  • the separating layer 4 which holds the pebbles, the chips or the like 5 firmly anchored, is applied on the inside and in the area of the miter surfaces. These pebbles, chippings or the like 5 are firmly enclosed by the concrete 8, as is the reinforcement 7, so that continuous adhesion is thereby achieved.
  • FIG. 8 to 8 illustrate the manufacture of a step using the example of a step. It is supposed to be a step that does not need to have a wooden end face, which should be placed on the raw staircase of a cellar staircase, for example, between two walls. So only the two plates 3 are required. these are first mitered at the common edge, so that the miter surfaces 11 are formed. These two plates 3 are then positioned with their later outer side pointing upwards on a flat base with a slight mutual distance between them and connected to one another along the common edge with an adhesive tape 10. The structure from the two plates 3 is then turned over and brought into the position according to FIG.
  • the connecting and separating layer 4 made of synthetic resin being applied in such a way that the surface of the plates 3, which will later form the interior, as well as the miter surfaces 11 and the dovetail-shaped grooves 9 are reached or covered by the synthetic resin.
  • one of the two plates 3 is erected vertically, as shown in FIG. 7.
  • the angle of 90 ° is maintained and the synthetic resin is cured by means of auxiliary and holding means 12, which are only shown schematically. So that the plates 3 are connected at an angle and firmly together.
  • This wooden formwork 2 then reaches an auxiliary formwork 13, where the reinforcement 7 is inserted and poured out with the concrete 8 or with lightweight concrete.
  • the concrete 8 also simultaneously produces the adhesive bridges in the dovetail grooves 9.
  • holders 14 can be inserted into the dovetail-shaped grooves 9 before the concrete 8 is poured in, as can be seen in FIG. 9.
  • FIG. 9 shows an application of the step 17 according to FIGS. 6 to 8 in connection with risers 18, in which only a single plate 3 is used. This plate 3 does not have to be mitred.

Landscapes

  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Architecture (AREA)
  • Civil Engineering (AREA)
  • Structural Engineering (AREA)
  • Ceramic Engineering (AREA)
  • Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
  • Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
  • Steps, Ramps, And Handrails (AREA)
  • Forms Removed On Construction Sites Or Auxiliary Members Thereof (AREA)

Claims (9)

1. Marche d'escalier constituée par un coffrage perdu (2), composé de panneaux de coffrage (3), coupés en onglet et collés ensemble aux onglets, formant pour l'essentiel la surface de la marche et d'une masse de remplissage durcie à base de béton (8) lié au ciment, une armature (7) étant disposée à l'intérieur du coffrage (2) et la masse de remplissage étant coulée dans l'espace entre l'armature (7) et le coffrage (2), de manière à relier le coffrage (2) et l'armature (7), des »ponts d'adhérence« entre le béton (8) et le coffrage (2) étant prévus, caractérisée en ce que le coffrage perdu (2) est réalisé en bois et que, entre la surface du coffrage délimitant son espace intérieur et le béton (8), une couche séparatrice (4) en résine synthétique est prévue et sert en même temps à coller le coffrage en bois (2) dans la zone des joints en onglet et en ce que les moyens d'ancrage formant contre dépouille ou se liant au béton (8) sont prévus en tant que »ponts d'adhérence« entre le béton (8) et le coffrage en bois (2).
2. Marche selon la revendication 1, caractérisée en ce que les moyens d'ancrage dans la couche séparatrice (4) sont des cailloux, éclats (5), etc... noyés dans la résine artificielle.
3. Marche selon la revendication 1 ou 2, caractérisée en ce que le coffrage en bois (2) consiste en bois plaqué.
4. Marche selon l'une quelconque des revendications précédentes, caractérisée en ce que la couche séparatrice (4) consiste en une résine à base de polyesters, une résine acrylique, une résine époxyde, ou une autre matière de ce genre.
5. Marche selon la revendication 1 ou 2, caractérisée en ce que les panneaux (3) composant le coffrage (2) présentent pour améliorer l'ancrage du béton (8), du côté intérieur des évidements en contre dépouille, et plus particulièrement des rainures à section en queue d'aronde (9), recouverts de la couche séparatrice (4) en résine artificielle.
6. Marche selon la revendication 5, caractérisée en ce que des supports (14) qui s'ancrent dans le béton (8) sont glissés dans les rainures en queue d'aronde (9).
7. Marche selon la revendication 1, caractérisée en ce que le chanfrein des différents panneaux (3) composant le coffrage perdu (2) en bois est coupé à un angle plus grand que 45°, et de préférence à un angle de 46,5°.
8. Procédé de fabrication d'une marche d'escalier constituée par un coffrage perdu (2) composé de panneaux (3) de coffrage coupés en onglet et collés ensemble aux onglets, formant pour l'essentiel la surface de la marche, une armature (7) étant disposée à l'intérieur du coffrage (2) et une masse de remplissage à base de béton (8) lié au ciment étant coulée dans l'espace (6) entre l'armature (7) et le coffrage (2), caractérisé en ce que le coffrage perdu (2) est comoosé de panneaux séparés (3) et que ceux-ci sont étalés sur leur côté destiné à constituer l'extérieur de la marche, à l'état développé et avec un faible écart les uns des autres dans la zone des joints, reliés par un ruban adhésif (10) et en même temps rendus étanches, et que les surfaces des chanfreins (11) et les surfaces délimitant l'intérieur du coffrage en bois (2) sont enduites d'une couche séparatrice (4) en résine artificielle, sur laquelle on dispose - en tant que ponts d'adhérence entre le béton (8) et le coffrage en bois (2) - des moyens d'ancrage formant des contre dépouilles et/ou entrant en liaison avec le béton (8).
9. Procédé selon la revendication 8, caractérisé en ce que l'ouverture servant à l'introduction de la masse de remplissage dans le coffrage en bois (2) est obturée par un panneau en bois.
EP79100869A 1978-03-31 1979-03-22 Marche d'escalier et sa méthode de fabrication Expired EP0004604B1 (fr)

Applications Claiming Priority (4)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
DE7809575U 1978-03-31
DE19787809575 DE7809575U1 (de) 1978-03-31 1978-03-31 Treppenstufe
DE19782845699 DE2845699C2 (de) 1978-10-20 1978-10-20 Treppenstufe und Verfahren zu ihrer Herstellung
DE2845699 1978-10-20

Publications (2)

Publication Number Publication Date
EP0004604A1 EP0004604A1 (fr) 1979-10-17
EP0004604B1 true EP0004604B1 (fr) 1981-08-12

Family

ID=25776158

Family Applications (1)

Application Number Title Priority Date Filing Date
EP79100869A Expired EP0004604B1 (fr) 1978-03-31 1979-03-22 Marche d'escalier et sa méthode de fabrication

Country Status (3)

Country Link
US (1) US4226065A (fr)
EP (1) EP0004604B1 (fr)
AT (1) AT373331B (fr)

Families Citing this family (3)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US5531048A (en) * 1994-10-31 1996-07-02 Primary Millwork Step for a stairway and method for making same
US6295772B1 (en) * 1998-04-30 2001-10-02 Bend Industries, Inc. Modular masonry step and deck assembly
US7905060B2 (en) * 2009-03-24 2011-03-15 Stadium Savers, Ltd. Tiered seating system

Family Cites Families (8)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US707635A (en) * 1902-01-10 1902-08-26 Niels Poulson Slab or tile for building purposes.
FR847443A (fr) * 1938-06-13 1939-10-10 Panneaux et autres objets en verre, bois ou matériau analogue fragile, doublé d'une couche de béton, ciment ou autre matériau analogue
GB567212A (en) * 1943-05-28 1945-02-02 Stent Precast Concrete Ltd Improvements relating to timber-faced concrete slabs or like building units
US2577864A (en) * 1945-08-07 1951-12-11 Prefab Stairs And Tile Inc Stairs
US3415708A (en) * 1964-11-10 1968-12-10 Plexowood Inc Table top
FR1601153A (en) * 1968-12-27 1970-08-10 Cladding or panels comprising a synthetic - foam core covered with sheet material and inc
US3546832A (en) * 1969-07-07 1970-12-15 Frank R Smith Precast decorative panel
US4132043A (en) * 1977-02-22 1979-01-02 H. B. Fuller Company Structural units

Also Published As

Publication number Publication date
EP0004604A1 (fr) 1979-10-17
US4226065A (en) 1980-10-07
AT373331B (de) 1984-01-10
ATA197479A (de) 1983-05-15

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