EP0004215A1 - Mehrmode Mikrowellenstrahler und Monopulsantenne mit einem solchen Strahler - Google Patents

Mehrmode Mikrowellenstrahler und Monopulsantenne mit einem solchen Strahler Download PDF

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Publication number
EP0004215A1
EP0004215A1 EP79400100A EP79400100A EP0004215A1 EP 0004215 A1 EP0004215 A1 EP 0004215A1 EP 79400100 A EP79400100 A EP 79400100A EP 79400100 A EP79400100 A EP 79400100A EP 0004215 A1 EP0004215 A1 EP 0004215A1
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EP
European Patent Office
Prior art keywords
plane
opening
multimode
microwave source
source
Prior art date
Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
Granted
Application number
EP79400100A
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English (en)
French (fr)
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EP0004215B1 (de
Inventor
François Salvat
Jean Bouko
Claude Coquio
Current Assignee (The listed assignees may be inaccurate. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation or warranty as to the accuracy of the list.)
Thales SA
Original Assignee
Thomson CSF SA
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Publication date
Application filed by Thomson CSF SA filed Critical Thomson CSF SA
Publication of EP0004215A1 publication Critical patent/EP0004215A1/de
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Publication of EP0004215B1 publication Critical patent/EP0004215B1/de
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    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01Q—ANTENNAS, i.e. RADIO AERIALS
    • H01Q25/00—Antennas or antenna systems providing at least two radiating patterns
    • H01Q25/04—Multimode antennas
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01Q—ANTENNAS, i.e. RADIO AERIALS
    • H01Q19/00—Combinations of primary active antenna elements and units with secondary devices, e.g. with quasi-optical devices, for giving the antenna a desired directional characteristic
    • H01Q19/06—Combinations of primary active antenna elements and units with secondary devices, e.g. with quasi-optical devices, for giving the antenna a desired directional characteristic using refracting or diffracting devices, e.g. lens
    • H01Q19/08—Combinations of primary active antenna elements and units with secondary devices, e.g. with quasi-optical devices, for giving the antenna a desired directional characteristic using refracting or diffracting devices, e.g. lens for modifying the radiation pattern of a radiating horn in which it is located

Definitions

  • the present invention belongs to the field of multimode microwave sources, and to that of so-called monopulse antennas which include such sources.
  • phase operation the angular deviation signals are obtained by comparing the phase between two diagrams having the same amplitude law. It should also be noted that it is possible to switch from one operating mode to another by through a coupler system so that in the following description, only the case of amplitude exploitation will be considered.
  • the diagrams used are represented mathematically by orthogonal functions, which leads to the decoupling of the corresponding channels.
  • the various radiation characteristics of these diagrams characteristics which intervene directly in the performance of the system are not a priori independent, but are linked by stress relationships depending on the structure of the antenna. These characteristics are the gain and the level of the side lobes in sum track and difference tracks, the slope in the vicinity of the axis and the gain of the main lobes in difference tracks.
  • the problem posed amounts to seeking an optimization between the factors which have been cited, while respecting between them the hierarchy imposed by the functions of the system considered.
  • the conventional antenna structures have shown their limits in the case of monopulse techniques.
  • the conventional monopulse technique has also shown its limits in the application to telecommunications antennas by tropospheric diffusion, where one performs the diversity between the "sum” and "difference" channels.
  • multimode sources which have been used in antennas also called multimodes.
  • a multimode source also called moder is capable by the structure which is given to it of generating direct propagative modes with phases and controllable amplitudes allowing to obtain a desired illumination in its opening.
  • a moderator is a structure formed by waveguides comprising discontinuities intended to generate higher modes.
  • Such a structure makes it possible to obtain independent control of the sum and difference diagrams in the E plane and in the H plane. However, such a control is not done simultaneously in the E and H planes but successively in the E then H planes.
  • FIG. 1 The structure of FIG. 1 is made up of two plane moderators ME1 and ME2 placed side by side and separated by a common vertical partition. Each of these moders is excited by two pairs of guides 1, 10 and 2.20 which receive the fundamental mode, and which each lead into a 3.30 guide of length L1 between the planes PO and P1.
  • the plane PO is what is called a discontinuity plane at the level of which are formed higher, propagative or evanescent modes, the length L1 and the dimensions of the guides 3.30 being such that only the desired modes, in this case for example, the odd modes H11 and E11 and the even modes H12 and E12, propagate until the opening of moder E thus constituted, that is to say ie the plane P 1 , the fundamental excitation mode being the H10 mode.
  • the horizontal strips extend beyond the plane P2, in a guide 7 having the shape of a horn, of length L3.
  • the set comprised between the planes P1 and P3 constitutes superimposed plane moders H, the plane P2 being the plane of discontinuity where the higher modes are formed.
  • the opening of the mixed structure, which is in the plane P3, radiates according to a global law of illumination produces partial laws of illumination obtained in the vertical plane and in the horizontal plane.
  • Multimode sources conforming to that which has just been described are used in antennas, yet they have the drawback of having a large longitudinal bulk which is troublesome in the production of certain antennas for which the increase in performance mainly in bandwidth, increases inertia detrimental to the functioning of servo-mechanisms.
  • the object of the present invention is the definition of a multimode source which escapes the drawbacks mentioned above and which has a much smaller footprint than the source of the prior art.
  • the multimode structure comprises a waveguide element forming a cavity ending in a horn, at least four supply waveguides, distributed so as to form at least two pairs of horizontal guides and two pairs of vertical guides and at least two bars or metal strips arranged in the radiating opening of the structure.
  • the reduction in the length of the moderator according to the invention removes this constraint and makes it possible to produce the multimode performance antenna.
  • This reduction in size with a reduced weight is particularly advantageous for the construction of Cassegrain type antennas mounted on turrets where increased inertia problems arise due to the limitation of the space available between the reflector and the site axis. .
  • Such a moder mainly comprises a waveguide 12 forming a cavity extending by a horn 13, the mouth of which constitutes the radiant opening of the moderator.
  • the total length of the moderator thus defined is equal to L and the dimensions of its rectangular opening are, a for the large dimension and b for its small dimension, here vertical.
  • a number of feed guides are provided, four in this case identified by 9, 10, 90, 100. The distribution of these guides is identical to that of the feed guides of the mixed structure of FIG. 1.
  • the guides 9 and 10 are adjacent to each other by a common vertical wall 11. They are arranged in an upper horizontal plane, while the guides 90 and 100 adjacent by a vertical wall 110, are arranged in a lower horizontal plane .
  • the guides constitute the power supply for a plane moder H.
  • These guides can be grouped two by two vertically constituting excitation guides 9.90 and 10.100 of two plane moders E.
  • the feed guides open into the cavity 12, in a plane ⁇ 1, which is a discontinuity plane at the level of which higher modes of the excitation mode transmitted by the guides are formed, excitation mode which is generally the fundamental mode .
  • the length L of the moderator according to the invention is chosen so that the phasing of the modes H10 and EH12 takes place on the opening 16 for the central frequency.
  • the EH12 mode conveniently represents the E12 and H12 modes, created in the plane of discontinuity ⁇ 1, from the fundamental H10 excitation mode. These modes E12 and H12 have the same cut-off frequency and the same phase speed and their superposition can be considered as a single mode.
  • T ' 1 and T' 3 respectively represent the amplitudes relating to the H10 and EH12 modes.
  • FIG. 4 shows the structure of the moderator according to the invention in the plane E
  • FIG. 5 the law of illumination obtained in the opening 16 in the plane E.
  • the resulting amplitude of field 19 is the sum of the amplitude of mode E12, curve 17, representing the function cos 2 and the amplitude of the fundamental mode H10, curve 18.
  • FIG. 6 represents the moderator in the plane H, perpendicular to the plane E with necessary elements taken from FIG. 2.
  • T1 and T3 respectively represent the amplitudes relating to the fundamental mode H10 and to the mode H30 generated in the mouth of the horn 13 by the bars 14 and 15.
  • the mode H30 is already generated in the plane of discontinuity ⁇ 2 at the junction of the straight guide 12 and horn 13, but it is then evanescent. It becomes propagative in the cornet, beyond a plane identified by ⁇ 3, but with a very low level.
  • the bars In making the moderator, the bars must have a relatively small diameter, less than one tenth of the wavelength. As for the location of the bars, we can admit that we have:
  • the bars can be replaced by metal strips without modifying the results. If their width is close to 3/4 their presence does not mismatch the horn. In any case, in order to avoid a mismatching of the horn due to the presence of the bars, provision is made in this case for a second pair of bars 14 - 15 identical to the first but located ⁇ / 4 behind in the mouth of the horn.
  • FIG. 7 shows the illumination on the opening in the absence of the bars or lamellae while FIG. 8 shows this illumination when the bars or lamellae are present.
  • Curve 20 gives the resulting amplitude of the field in the opening of the moderator in the plane H.
  • the opening illumination laws are as follows: or expression in which is the mode ratio in plane E.
  • the bandwidth is greater than that obtained with a conventional multimode source.
  • the bandwidth obtained is of the order of 15% against approximately 7%. This is due to the fact that the upper mode is generated in the very opening of the moder, the phasing being constant whatever the frequency.
  • the flared shape of the horn in plane H gives a quadratic phase to the law of illumination resulting in a primary diagram having a constant opening in the band of frequencies to be covered.
  • phase center in plane E is located on the opening of the horn raised in the de_Harming zone.
  • this phase center is in the plane of the bars. This leads to an illumination of the optical system used which gives maximum gain and minimum side lobes.
EP79400100A 1978-02-24 1979-02-16 Mehrmode Mikrowellenstrahler und Monopulsantenne mit einem solchen Strahler Expired EP0004215B1 (de)

Applications Claiming Priority (2)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
FR7805337A FR2418551A1 (fr) 1978-02-24 1978-02-24 Source hyperfrequence multimode et antenne comportant une telle source
FR7805337 1978-02-24

Publications (2)

Publication Number Publication Date
EP0004215A1 true EP0004215A1 (de) 1979-09-19
EP0004215B1 EP0004215B1 (de) 1986-05-28

Family

ID=9205012

Family Applications (1)

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EP79400100A Expired EP0004215B1 (de) 1978-02-24 1979-02-16 Mehrmode Mikrowellenstrahler und Monopulsantenne mit einem solchen Strahler

Country Status (4)

Country Link
US (1) US4241353A (de)
EP (1) EP0004215B1 (de)
DE (1) DE2967598D1 (de)
FR (1) FR2418551A1 (de)

Cited By (3)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
WO1986003344A1 (en) * 1984-11-19 1986-06-05 Hughes Aircraft Company High gain-area-product antenna design
GB2171561A (en) * 1985-02-24 1986-08-28 Philips Electronic Associated Antenna
EP1993166A1 (de) * 2007-05-14 2008-11-19 Saab AB Antennenvorrichtung

Families Citing this family (7)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
FR2477785A1 (fr) * 1980-03-07 1981-09-11 Thomson Csf Source hyperfrequence multimode et antenne comportant une telle source
FR2498820A1 (fr) * 1981-01-23 1982-07-30 Thomson Csf Source hyperfrequence bi-bande et antenne comportant une telle source
EP0128970B1 (de) * 1983-06-18 1990-03-07 ANT Nachrichtentechnik GmbH Viertornetzwerk für Mikrowellenantennen mit Monopulsnachführung
US4764775A (en) * 1985-04-01 1988-08-16 Hercules Defense Electronics Systems, Inc. Multi-mode feed horn
US4712110A (en) * 1985-12-26 1987-12-08 General Dynamics, Pomona Division Five-port monopulse antenna feed structure with one dedicated transmit port
US6452561B1 (en) * 2001-03-28 2002-09-17 Rockwell Collins, Inc. High-isolation broadband polarization diverse circular waveguide feed
WO2020180220A1 (en) * 2019-03-04 2020-09-10 Saab Ab Dual-band multimode antenna feed

Citations (5)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
CH257862A (de) * 1942-06-23 1948-10-31 Lorenz C Ag Mit Trichter versehener Hohlraumresonator.
US2825062A (en) * 1945-07-09 1958-02-25 Chu Lan Jen Antenna
FR2021758A1 (de) * 1968-10-28 1970-07-24 Hughes Aircraft Co
US3701163A (en) * 1971-11-09 1972-10-24 Us Navy Multi-mode, monopulse feed system
DE2626926A1 (de) * 1976-06-16 1977-12-29 Licentia Gmbh Verfahren zur steuerbaren strahlschwenkung bei reflektorantennen

Patent Citations (5)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
CH257862A (de) * 1942-06-23 1948-10-31 Lorenz C Ag Mit Trichter versehener Hohlraumresonator.
US2825062A (en) * 1945-07-09 1958-02-25 Chu Lan Jen Antenna
FR2021758A1 (de) * 1968-10-28 1970-07-24 Hughes Aircraft Co
US3701163A (en) * 1971-11-09 1972-10-24 Us Navy Multi-mode, monopulse feed system
DE2626926A1 (de) * 1976-06-16 1977-12-29 Licentia Gmbh Verfahren zur steuerbaren strahlschwenkung bei reflektorantennen

Non-Patent Citations (1)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Title
INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF ELECTRONICS 1969, vol. 26, no. 6, LONDRES (GB), K.G. NAIR et al.: "Effect of conducting grills on the E-plane radiation patterns of E-plane sectoral horns", pages 561-572. *

Cited By (4)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
WO1986003344A1 (en) * 1984-11-19 1986-06-05 Hughes Aircraft Company High gain-area-product antenna design
GB2171561A (en) * 1985-02-24 1986-08-28 Philips Electronic Associated Antenna
EP1993166A1 (de) * 2007-05-14 2008-11-19 Saab AB Antennenvorrichtung
US7710339B2 (en) 2007-05-14 2010-05-04 Saab Ab Antenna device

Also Published As

Publication number Publication date
DE2967598D1 (en) 1986-07-03
US4241353A (en) 1980-12-23
FR2418551B1 (de) 1981-12-31
EP0004215B1 (de) 1986-05-28
FR2418551A1 (fr) 1979-09-21

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