EP0035929B1 - Multimode-Mikrowellenerreger und Antenne mit einem solchen Erreger - Google Patents

Multimode-Mikrowellenerreger und Antenne mit einem solchen Erreger Download PDF

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Publication number
EP0035929B1
EP0035929B1 EP81400312A EP81400312A EP0035929B1 EP 0035929 B1 EP0035929 B1 EP 0035929B1 EP 81400312 A EP81400312 A EP 81400312A EP 81400312 A EP81400312 A EP 81400312A EP 0035929 B1 EP0035929 B1 EP 0035929B1
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EP
European Patent Office
Prior art keywords
plane
cavity
moder
source
obstacle
Prior art date
Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
Expired
Application number
EP81400312A
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English (en)
French (fr)
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EP0035929A1 (de
Inventor
François Salvat
Jean Bouko
Claude Coquio
Current Assignee (The listed assignees may be inaccurate. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation or warranty as to the accuracy of the list.)
Thales SA
Original Assignee
Thomson CSF SA
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Filing date
Publication date
Application filed by Thomson CSF SA filed Critical Thomson CSF SA
Publication of EP0035929A1 publication Critical patent/EP0035929A1/de
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Publication of EP0035929B1 publication Critical patent/EP0035929B1/de
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    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01P—WAVEGUIDES; RESONATORS, LINES, OR OTHER DEVICES OF THE WAVEGUIDE TYPE
    • H01P1/00—Auxiliary devices
    • H01P1/16—Auxiliary devices for mode selection, e.g. mode suppression or mode promotion; for mode conversion
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01Q—ANTENNAS, i.e. RADIO AERIALS
    • H01Q19/00—Combinations of primary active antenna elements and units with secondary devices, e.g. with quasi-optical devices, for giving the antenna a desired directional characteristic
    • H01Q19/06—Combinations of primary active antenna elements and units with secondary devices, e.g. with quasi-optical devices, for giving the antenna a desired directional characteristic using refracting or diffracting devices, e.g. lens
    • H01Q19/08—Combinations of primary active antenna elements and units with secondary devices, e.g. with quasi-optical devices, for giving the antenna a desired directional characteristic using refracting or diffracting devices, e.g. lens for modifying the radiation pattern of a radiating horn in which it is located
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01Q—ANTENNAS, i.e. RADIO AERIALS
    • H01Q25/00—Antennas or antenna systems providing at least two radiating patterns
    • H01Q25/04—Multimode antennas

Definitions

  • the present invention belongs to the field of multimode microwave sources, as well as to that of so-called monopulse antennas, which comprise such sources.
  • phase operation the angular deviation signals are obtained by comparing the phase between two diagrams having the same amplitude law. It should also be noted that it is possible to switch from one operating mode to another via a system of couplers, so that in the following description, only the case of the amplitude exploitation will be considered.
  • the various characteristics of radiation of these diagrams characteristics which intervene directly in the performances of the system are not a priori independent, but are linked by stress relationships depending on the structure of the antenna. These characteristics are the gain and the level of the side lobes in the sum track and difference tracks, the slope in the vicinity of the axis and the level of the main lobes in the difference track.
  • the problem posed amounts to seeking an optimization between the factors which have already been mentioned, while respecting between them the hierarchy imposed by the functions of the system considered.
  • the conventional antenna structures have shown their limits in the case of monopulse techniques.
  • the conventional monopulse technique has also shown its limits in the application to telecommunications antennas by tropospheric diffusion where the diversity between the sum and difference channels is carried out.
  • multimode sources which have been used in antennas also called multimodes.
  • a multimode source also called moderator is capable by the structure which is given to it, of generating direct propagative modes with controllable phases and amplitudes making it possible to obtain a desired illumination in its opening.
  • a moderator is a structure formed by waveguides comprising discontinuities at the level of which higher modes are generated.
  • An exemplary embodiment is given in French patent application 2118 848.
  • Such a structure makes it possible to obtain independent control of the sum and difference diagrams in the plane E and in the plane H. However, such a control is not done simultaneously in the planes E and H but successively in these planes.
  • FIG. 1 The structure of FIG. 1 is constituted by plane moderators ME1, ME2 placed side by side and separated by a common vertical partition. Each of these moders is excited by two pairs of guides 1, 10 and 2, 20 which receive the fundamental mode and which open into a guide 3, 30 of length L1 between the planes PO and P1.
  • the plane PO is what is called the discontinuity plane at the level of which higher, propagative or evanescent modes are formed, the length L1 and the dimensions of the guides 3.30 being such that only the desired modes, in this case by example, the odd modes H11 and E11 and the even modes H12 and E12, propagate until the opening of the moder E thus constituted, that is to say the plane P1, the fundamental mode being the mode H10.
  • the set between the planes P1 and P3 constitutes superimposed plane H planes, the plane P2 being the plane of discontinuity where higher modes are formed.
  • the opening of the mixed structure, which is in the plane P3 radiates according to a global law of illumination, produces partial laws of illumination obtained in the vertical plane and in the horizontal plane.
  • Multimode sources conforming to that which has just been described are used in radar antennas, more particularly in tracking radars, but they have the drawback of having a large longitudinal bulk, which is a hindrance in the production of certain antennas for which increased performance, mainly in bandwidth, leads to an increase in inertia, detrimental to the operation of servomechanisms.
  • plane H has been defined in which, in addition to a reduction in the dimensions of the source an increase in bandwidth has been obtained in the H plane.
  • Figure 2 gives a view of such a moderator, in which the increase in bandwidth is obtained by the presence in the opening of the horn 13 of metal bars or lamellae 14-15, 140-150, arranged so adequate parallel to the electric field of the emitted wave.
  • a multimode source structure is produced which escapes the drawbacks of the prior art, in which means defining an increase in the bandwidth of the transmitted signals are defined, mainly in the plane E.
  • the multimode structure comprises a waveguide element forming a cavity ending in a horn, at least four supply waveguides distributed so as to form two pairs of horizontal guides and two pairs of vertical guides, and a profiled obstacle located in the area where the feed guide-cavity junction takes place.
  • a plane moder E as it appears in the embodiment of Figure 2, for example; this moderator comprises, seen in section in FIG. 3 and in plan in FIG. 4, four supply guides 9, 10, 90, 100 adjacent two by two along a wall 11 for the upper guides and 110 for the lower guides. These feed guides open into the cavity 12 at a plane P called discontinuity.
  • the opening plane of the cavity is S.
  • the dimensions a, b, c respectively represent the height of the supply guides, parallel to the electric field ⁇ , the height of the cavity 12, that is to say of the plane E considered and the width of the moderator.
  • the four supply guides being supplied in phase in the fundamental mode TE10 (or H10) there is creation at the level of the discontinuity plane P of a hybrid higher mode EM12 composed of mode TE12 and mode TM12.
  • FIG. 5 shows the diagrams of these modes in the plane P and FIG. 6, the law of illumination in the plane of the aperture S of the moderator, resulting from the superposition of the modes TE10 and EM12.
  • the phasing of the modes considered on the opening of the plane moder E is a function of the frequency.
  • the differential phase shift is equal to ⁇ , which means that the rigorous phasing is only possible for a single frequency corresponding to the wavelength x.
  • Obtaining a relatively wide bandwidth is thus not possible under good conditions because when one moves away from the central frequency of the band, the phase center of the source which constitutes the moder considered, varies ; located approximately at point G for the central frequency, it deviates from it beyond the plane S for decreasing frequencies and below the plane S for increasing frequencies.
  • phase center causes poor illumination at the aperture and a poor radiation pattern of the source with the appearance of large lateral lobes and an enlargement of the main lobe translating a loss of gain, for increasing frequencies and a narrowing for decreasing frequencies, in other words for a fixed direction (9 0 ), the width of the diagram varies with the frequency.
  • Figure 7 shows in section, and Figure 8, in plan, the plane moder E according to the invention comprising means allowing it to fulfill the conditions set out in the foregoing.
  • the plane moder E comprises a cavity 12, the opening of which is located in the plane S, behind which a plane moder H can be placed, which will constitute, with the plane moder E, a mixed microwave source, plane E, plane H ; in this cavity open, in the example described, four guides 9, 10, 90 and 100, adjacent in pairs, along a wall 11 for the guides in the upper position 9 and 10, 110 for the guides in the lower position 90 and 100.
  • FIG. 9 represents a side view, a preferred form of the obstacle 17 introduced into the moderator.
  • this obstacle is a paving stone of trapezoidal cross section whose large base 18 is in the plane P, plane at which the moderator feed guides open, in the part located between the upper guides 9-10 and lower 90-100.
  • the small base 19 is located at a distance 1 from the plane P, inside the cavity 12 and at a distance a, from the wall of the cavity, distance measured parallel to the electric field AND This distance is variable when going from the small to the large base.
  • the sides of the block 17, between the large and the small base determine an angle a with the direction D perpendicular to the plane P.
  • the other dimensions of the moderator are as for that of the prior art b and c.
  • the higher modes mainly the hybrid mode EM12, are not created at the level of the plane P, but in the different short-circuit planes. according to the frequencies at which we work.
  • the excitation plane of the hybrid mode EM12 is found in P B , which happens to be the plane of the small base of the trapezoidal block 17.
  • the phasing length is then L B , length between the plane P B and the plane of the opening S of the moderator.
  • the mode report module has the following expression:
  • the EM12 hybrid mode excitation plane is at P H , the intermediate position between the P plane and the P B plane.
  • the phasing length is L H , distance between the plane P H and the plane of the opening S.
  • the mode report module takes the following expression:
  • Figure 11 helps to understand how this calculation is done.
  • This figure 11 reproduces Figure 7, in its upper part above the longitudinal axis zz of the moderator.
  • Obstacle 17 is obviously only partially represented, its profile is identified by the letters CBA O '.
  • the distance from the obstacle to the wall of the moder in which it is introduced, directly above the plane P is designated by a o
  • this distance above the plane P B is designated by a B , represented by the AO segment.
  • a datum 8 is defined which represents the variation of the phase of the fundamental mode as a function of the frequency.
  • the electric field upstream of the plane 00 'also called P B has for expression, for the mode TE 10: e ik ⁇ in which and Xg guided wavelength is
  • the electric field downstream of the plane 00 has for expression for the mode TE10 and the hybrid mode EM12 mode TE10 + mode EM12: A (1 + ⁇ cos ⁇ x / b) in which A is a normalization factor and ⁇ the mode ratio in complex form.
  • the second table II reports the results obtained with the moder according to the invention, which constitutes a broadband source.
  • FIG. 10 presents a variant of the block 17 introduced into a moder E.
  • This block has, with respect to the block described in support of the preceding figures, a modified profile.
  • the latter 20 is no longer a line segment, but has a convex curvature, which can tend to exponential.
  • the results obtained are of the same order as those of the version described, with a slight tendency to be superior; however, the mechanical production of such a block is a little more difficult.
  • a multimode microwave source has thus been described, constituted by a moder E having a relative passband increased compared to that of a conventional moderator.
  • a multimode microwave source also constituted by a mixed moderator E plane, H plane, for which the bandwidths are increased both in the E plane and the H plane.
  • a source is that of FIG. 2, in which the moderator E includes the block 17.
  • FIG. 7 shows in section such a mixed source, according to the invention, the horn 13 with the metal bars 14, 140, 15 and 150 being disposed at the outlet of the cavity 12 of moderator E.
  • the opening of the mixed source is designated by 16.

Landscapes

  • Variable-Direction Aerials And Aerial Arrays (AREA)
  • Aerials With Secondary Devices (AREA)
  • Waveguide Aerials (AREA)

Claims (7)

1. Quelle für Multimode-Mikrowellen,
- mit einerseits zwei Paaren von Hohlleitern (9, 10-90, 100), die in einem Grundmode wie z. B. TE10 gespeist werden, wobei die beiden Hohlleiter eines Paares, der Höhe a, entlang einer Wand (11 und 110) aneinanderliegen und die beiden Paare mit einem Abstand, der nicht gleich Null ist, übereinanderliegen, und
- mit andererseits einem rechteckigen Hohlraum (12) einer Höhe b und einer Breite c, in den die beiden Paare von Hohlleitern (9, 10-90, 100) in Höhe einer Ebene P, Diskontinuitätsebene genannt, münden und mit der sie einen E-Modierer bilden, wobei der Abstand zwischen den beiden Hohlleiterpaaren gleich (b-2a) ist, dadurch gekennzeichnet, daß die unteren Ränder der Hohlleiter (9, 10) eines ersten Paares im Inneren des Hohlraums an die oberen Ränder der Hohlleiter (90, 100) des zweiten Paares über ein überstehendes profiliertes Hindernis (17) angeschlossen sind, dessen rechtwinkliger Querschnitt kontinuierlich von der Diskontinuitätsebene (P) zwischen den Hohlleitern und dem Hohlraum in Richtung auf das Innere des Hohlraums (12) abnimmt, und wobei eine Änderung der Länge (L) der Phasenangleichung im Modierer erzeugt wird, während das Phasenzentrum (G) der Quelle jedoch in der Ebene (S) der Öffnung des Hohlraums (12) in einem breiten Betriebsfrequenzband bleibt.
2. Quelle nach Anspruch 1, dadurch gekennzeichnet, daß der rechtwinklige Querschnitt des profilierten Hindernisses (17) linear abnimmt und damit einen Block mit rechtwinkligem Querschnitt und einem trapezförmigen Längsschnitt bildet, dessen große Basis (18) sich in der Diskontinuitätsebene (P) und dessen kleine Basis (19) sich in einer Ebene (PB) befindet, die parallel zur Ebene (P) in einem Abstand 1 von letzterer im Inneren des Hohlraums (12) verläuft, wobei diese Ebene (PB) die Anregungsebene des hybriden höheren Modes EM12 bei niedrigen Frequenzen ist.
3. Quelle nach Anspruch 2, dadurch gekennzeichnet, daß in einem Längsschnitt der Winkel a, den die nicht parallelen Seiten des trapezförmigen Schnitts des profilierten Hindernisses (17) mit einer Richtung D einschließt, die senkrecht zur Diskontinuitätsebene (P) verläuft, einen optimalen Wert zwischen 40 und 60° besitzt.
4. Quelle nach Anspruch 1, dadurch gekennzeichnet, daß der rechtwinklige Querschnitt des profilierten Hindernisses (17) kontinuierlich gemäß einer konvexen Kurve (20) zwischen der Diskontinuitätsebene P des E-Modierers und demjenigen Ende des Hindernisses variiert, das in der Anregungsebene (PB) der höheren hybriden Moden bei niederen Frequenzen liegt.
5. Quelle für Multimode-Mikrowellen in einem E-Modierer nach einem der Ansprüche 1 bis 4, der einem H-Modierer zugeordnet ist, dadurch gekennzeichnet, daß der E-Modierer sich in ein Horn (13) öffnet, das sich in Richtung der H-Ebene erweitert und so gestaltet ist, daß es einen höheren Mode wie z. B. H30 zu führen vermag, daß zwei senkrechte Stäbe (14 und 15) in diesem Horn parallel zur Richtung des elektrischen Feldes E und symmetrisch bezüglich der senkrechten Ebene angeordnet sind, die durch das Phasenzentrum (G) der Quelle verläuft, wobei diese Elemente einen geradzahligen höheren Mode von Typ H30 erzeugen, und daß die Mikrowellenquelle eine reduzierte Gesamtlänge, eine große Durchlaßbandbreite in den E- und H-Ebenen und Illuminationsgesetze für die E-Ebene und die H-Ebene besitzt, die in der Ebene (S) der Öffnung der Quelle unabhängig voneinander, aber gleichzeitig gesteuert werden können.
6. Mikrowellenquelle nach einem der Ansprüche 1 bis 4, dadurch gekennzeichnet, daß das relative Durchlaßband größer oder gleich 15 % in der E-Ebene wie in der H-Ebene ist.
7. Verwendung einer Quelle für Multimode-Mikrowellen nach einem der Ansprüche 1 bis 6 in einer Mikrowellenantenne.
EP81400312A 1980-03-07 1981-02-27 Multimode-Mikrowellenerreger und Antenne mit einem solchen Erreger Expired EP0035929B1 (de)

Applications Claiming Priority (2)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
FR8005199 1980-03-07
FR8005199A FR2477785A1 (fr) 1980-03-07 1980-03-07 Source hyperfrequence multimode et antenne comportant une telle source

Publications (2)

Publication Number Publication Date
EP0035929A1 EP0035929A1 (de) 1981-09-16
EP0035929B1 true EP0035929B1 (de) 1984-09-05

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EP81400312A Expired EP0035929B1 (de) 1980-03-07 1981-02-27 Multimode-Mikrowellenerreger und Antenne mit einem solchen Erreger

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US (1) US4357612A (de)
EP (1) EP0035929B1 (de)
JP (1) JPS56140703A (de)
CA (1) CA1174760A (de)
DE (1) DE3165806D1 (de)
FR (1) FR2477785A1 (de)

Families Citing this family (5)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
FR2498820A1 (fr) * 1981-01-23 1982-07-30 Thomson Csf Source hyperfrequence bi-bande et antenne comportant une telle source
FR2902936A1 (fr) * 1990-02-02 2007-12-28 Thomson Csf Antenne hyperfrequence avec une source en polarisation croisee implantee dans une source monopulse multimode.
US7183991B2 (en) * 2004-12-03 2007-02-27 Northrop Grumman Corporation Multiple flared antenna horn with enhanced aperture efficiency
FR3089358B1 (fr) 2018-12-03 2022-01-21 Thales Sa Elément rayonnant à accès multiples
EP3935690B1 (de) * 2019-03-04 2023-11-15 Saab Ab Dualband-multimodus-antennenspeisung

Citations (7)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
FR1290275A (fr) * 1961-03-01 1962-04-13 Thomson Houston Comp Francaise Aériens pour ondes ultra courtes
US3324423A (en) * 1964-12-29 1967-06-06 James E Webb Dual waveguide mode source having control means for adjusting the relative amplitudesof two modes
FR1550648A (de) * 1967-01-09 1968-12-20
GB1275353A (en) * 1970-05-27 1972-05-24 Labofina Sa Heat-resistant polymers and process for producing the same
US3701163A (en) * 1971-11-09 1972-10-24 Us Navy Multi-mode, monopulse feed system
DE2626926A1 (de) * 1976-06-16 1977-12-29 Licentia Gmbh Verfahren zur steuerbaren strahlschwenkung bei reflektorantennen
FR2418551A1 (fr) * 1978-02-24 1979-09-21 Thomson Csf Source hyperfrequence multimode et antenne comportant une telle source

Family Cites Families (3)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US3308469A (en) * 1962-10-19 1967-03-07 Thomson Houston Comp Francaise Multi-mode antenna system
FR2118848B1 (de) * 1970-12-22 1974-03-22 Thomson Csf
FR2219533B1 (de) * 1973-02-23 1977-09-02 Thomson Csf

Patent Citations (7)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
FR1290275A (fr) * 1961-03-01 1962-04-13 Thomson Houston Comp Francaise Aériens pour ondes ultra courtes
US3324423A (en) * 1964-12-29 1967-06-06 James E Webb Dual waveguide mode source having control means for adjusting the relative amplitudesof two modes
FR1550648A (de) * 1967-01-09 1968-12-20
GB1275353A (en) * 1970-05-27 1972-05-24 Labofina Sa Heat-resistant polymers and process for producing the same
US3701163A (en) * 1971-11-09 1972-10-24 Us Navy Multi-mode, monopulse feed system
DE2626926A1 (de) * 1976-06-16 1977-12-29 Licentia Gmbh Verfahren zur steuerbaren strahlschwenkung bei reflektorantennen
FR2418551A1 (fr) * 1978-02-24 1979-09-21 Thomson Csf Source hyperfrequence multimode et antenne comportant une telle source

Also Published As

Publication number Publication date
JPS56140703A (en) 1981-11-04
JPH0337323B2 (de) 1991-06-05
US4357612A (en) 1982-11-02
DE3165806D1 (en) 1984-10-11
FR2477785B1 (de) 1984-02-24
CA1174760A (en) 1984-09-18
EP0035929A1 (de) 1981-09-16
FR2477785A1 (fr) 1981-09-11

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