EP0003939A2 - Hydraulisch gesteuerte Hebezeuge - Google Patents

Hydraulisch gesteuerte Hebezeuge Download PDF

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Publication number
EP0003939A2
EP0003939A2 EP79400129A EP79400129A EP0003939A2 EP 0003939 A2 EP0003939 A2 EP 0003939A2 EP 79400129 A EP79400129 A EP 79400129A EP 79400129 A EP79400129 A EP 79400129A EP 0003939 A2 EP0003939 A2 EP 0003939A2
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EP
European Patent Office
Prior art keywords
arm
lifting device
hydraulic
arms
detecting
Prior art date
Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
Withdrawn
Application number
EP79400129A
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English (en)
French (fr)
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EP0003939A3 (de
Inventor
Michel Gutierrez
Current Assignee (The listed assignees may be inaccurate. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation or warranty as to the accuracy of the list.)
Denel Jean
Faure Maurice
Original Assignee
Denel Jean
Faure Maurice
Priority date (The priority date is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the date listed.)
Filing date
Publication date
Application filed by Denel Jean, Faure Maurice filed Critical Denel Jean
Publication of EP0003939A2 publication Critical patent/EP0003939A2/de
Publication of EP0003939A3 publication Critical patent/EP0003939A3/de
Withdrawn legal-status Critical Current

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    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B66—HOISTING; LIFTING; HAULING
    • B66C—CRANES; LOAD-ENGAGING ELEMENTS OR DEVICES FOR CRANES, CAPSTANS, WINCHES, OR TACKLES
    • B66C23/00—Cranes comprising essentially a beam, boom, or triangular structure acting as a cantilever and mounted for translatory of swinging movements in vertical or horizontal planes or a combination of such movements, e.g. jib-cranes, derricks, tower cranes
    • B66C23/88—Safety gear
    • B66C23/90—Devices for indicating or limiting lifting moment
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B66—HOISTING; LIFTING; HAULING
    • B66C—CRANES; LOAD-ENGAGING ELEMENTS OR DEVICES FOR CRANES, CAPSTANS, WINCHES, OR TACKLES
    • B66C23/00—Cranes comprising essentially a beam, boom, or triangular structure acting as a cantilever and mounted for translatory of swinging movements in vertical or horizontal planes or a combination of such movements, e.g. jib-cranes, derricks, tower cranes
    • B66C23/88—Safety gear
    • B66C23/90—Devices for indicating or limiting lifting moment
    • B66C23/905—Devices for indicating or limiting lifting moment electrical

Definitions

  • the present invention relates to improvements, aimed at increasing safety, made to hydraulically controlled lifting devices comprising two arms hinged to each other and actuated by respective hydraulic cylinders, each arm cannot be raised beyond of the extension of the arm which precedes it, said lifting device comprising, on the one hand, pressure detector means for detecting the pressure of the supply circuit of said hydraulic cylinders, these pressure detector means being arranged to block the arms as soon as that the moment of charging generates a pressure greater than a predetermined value, on the other hand, means for security control of the movement of the arms which are arranged to, first of all, be brought into operational position by said means for detecting pressure and for, ensu-ite, authorize the control of the arms only according to a sequence which decreases the moment of the load and, on the other hand finally, means detect ors of angular position associated with each arm and each arranged to deliver two signals representative of the position of the arm considered situated respectively above and below the horizontal passing through the articulation of said arm.
  • the safety systems have been arranged to cause the load to descend when appropriate detector means (for example mechanical or hydraulic) detect a condition corresponding to a moment value. load above which the lifting device could be overturned.
  • detector means for example mechanical or hydraulic
  • the known means comprise a detector of the position of the first arm of the lifting device which selects one or the other of two control circuits of the hydraulic actuating cylinder of the arm depending on whether said arm is respectively above or below the horizontal plane passing through the articulation of said arm to its support. Thanks to this arrangement, the arm can only be raised if it is above the horizontal plane and can only be lowered when it is below the horizontal plane.
  • the invention is therefore esse Only intended to overcome the drawbacks of the devices known to date, by providing security means which certainly prevent any increase in the moment of charging, without however requiring an excessive complication of the commands of the lifting device.
  • the safety control means are arranged to authorize the movement of the extension only in the direction of its retraction and prohibit its movement in the direction of his exit.
  • the pressure detecting means controls the control of the winch so that, when said means detect a pressure higher than a determined pressure, they prevent the lifting of a load from its rest plane.
  • the pressure detector means comprise at least two pressure sensors each of which is calibrated for a predetermined number of extensions (counted from 0 when no extension is used), first selection means being provided for automatically selecting the appropriate pressure sensor as a function of the number of mechanical extensions extended.
  • the safety control means are made up of limit switches associated with the control distributors for actuating jacks of the arm (s) and / or hydraulic extensions and / or the winch and that said switches are inserted into electrical supply circuits for solenoid valves for controlling said jacks, second selection means, controlled by the angular position detector means, selecting the appropriate switches to allow the sole movement of the or arms decreasing the moment of charge.
  • detection means are provided to detect the coming into abutment of the arm or of all the arms in the maximum high position - coming into abutment causing an overpressure of the supply circuit of at least one hydraulic cylinder, which causes the safety means to be put into operational position by means of pressure sensors and therefore blocking of the arm or of all of the arms and the impossibility of lowering it or these - and to authorize, from said maximum high position and despite the operational positioning of the means safety, lowering, over a very short distance, of the arm or arms.
  • the invention also provides for a certain number of additional provisions which aim to further increase safety and which are preferably used in combination with the main provisions because it is in this case that they seem to be of the greatest interest.
  • the lifting device comprises means for detecting the support on the ground stabilizing jacks associated functionally with the safety control means for blocking the arm or arms when at least one jack is not in support. on the ground or else, in the case where a single stabilizing cylinder is in contact with the ground and where the arm or arms are displaced in horizontal rotation, when the center of gravity of the assembly reaches a limit of the support polygon.
  • the lifting device is placed in a suitable predetermined position (in particular with respect to a horizontal plane) so as to avoid it overturning when the arm or arms are subjected to a horizontal rotational movement by supporting a charge.
  • a second additional provision of the invention consists in making the lifting device comprise attitude detector means functionally associated with the safety control means to block the arm (s) to allow movement of the arm (s) only if the lifting device is in a suitable predetermined position.
  • the arm (s) Under certain conditions of use of the lifting device, it can be dangerous for the arm (s) to be turned, around a vertical axis, beyond a certain position: the arm (s) must not be turned only in a specific angular sector, for example, the lifting device being placed on the platform of a truck, to prevent the end of the arm or the load from hitting the driver's cab.
  • a fourth additional provision consists in making the lifting device comprise a shunt device arranged, so that when it is actuated, bypass the safety system and allow operation. of the lifting device under conditions normally causing said safety system to be brought into operational position, the shunt device being further arranged so that its actuation permanently destroys an element of the lifting device, said item not accessible to an unauthorized person.
  • a value of the moment of the load corresponds to a value of the pressure of the hydraulic fluid in the supply circuit 1 of the control cylinder of the arm. This pressure is detected by pressure detector means 2.
  • the pressure detecting means 2 When the pressure of the hydraulic fluid reaches a predetermined value corresponding to a moment of the load slightly less than the moment of overturning of the lifting device, the pressure detecting means 2 cause the closure at 3 of a member 4 for controlling the the flow of hydraulic fluid and the arm remains blocked in the position it occupies at this time.
  • the pressure detector means 2 put into operation or switch on means 5 for detecting the angular position of the arm.
  • FIG. 2 a description will be given of the operation of the safety system of a lifting device equipped with a single arm movable in rotation in a vertical plane, this arm being provided with an extension with hydraulic control and two manually operated extensions.
  • hydraulically controlled extension is meant an extension element, generally sliding inside, inside the beam constituting the arm which carries it, retractable in said arm and capable of occupying a fully or partially extended position under the action of hydraulic control means (for example a cylinder).
  • hydraulic control means for example a cylinder
  • manually operated extension means an extension element, generally sliding inside the beam constituting the arm which carries it, retractable in said arm and capable of occupying only a fully retracted position or a fully extended position, the transition from one to the other is done manually.
  • this element will be designated by the expression “manual extension”.
  • the lifting device is therefore provided with a retractable hydraulic extension in the arm, a first retractable manual extension in the hydraulic extension and a second retractable manual extension in the first manual extension.
  • the means for detecting the pressure of the hydraulic fluid in the supply circuit of the control cylinder of the arm can detect three different maximum values of the pressure corresponding respectively to the three cases above. It is then preferable, to simplify the design of the device, to provide three pressure sensors respectively tared accordingly.
  • the first case under consideration is detected in 20 (arm and hydraulic extension only) with selection of a first pressure sensor 24; the output of the first manual extension is detected at 22 with selection of a second pressure sensor 23; finally, at 24, the output of the second manual extension is detected (the first then also being output as indicated above) with selection of a third pressure sensor 25.
  • the pressure of the hydraulic fluid in the supply circuit 26 of the control cylinder of the arm is applied to each sensor 21, 23 and 25.
  • the sensor considered causes the closure at 27a and 28a of the control members 27 and 28 of the food hydraulic arm actuating cylinders and hydraulic extension respectively.
  • the arm and the hydraulic extension are then locked in the position they occupied at the time.
  • a circuit 29 is put into operation which inhibits the control of the output of the hydraulic extension and which only authorizes the control of its reentry. If the re-entry of the hydraulic extension is controlled, the control member 28 is then opened at 28b with priority over closure 28a, to cause the hydraulic supply to the corresponding cylinder.
  • the arm can undergo a rotation in a determined direction, making it possible to decrease the moment of the load, according to its position relative to the horizontal. If the arm is blocked above the horizontal, its descent would have the effect of increasing the moment of the load, but on the other hand its rise will cause a decrease in said moment. Conversely, if the arm is blocked below the horizontal, its rise would increase the moment of the load while its descent will decrease this moment.
  • the output 30a of the device 30 'triggers at 31 the inhibition of the descent command of the arm and on the other hand authorizes the control of the raising of the arm. Therefore, when carried out, the command to raise the arm at 33 causes the opening 27b, with priority over the closure 27a, of the member 27 to feed the cylinder, the latter acts on the arm to do so ascend.
  • the output 30b of the device 30 triggers at 32 the inhibition of the command of rise of the arm and authorizes the control of the descent of the arm.
  • the lowering command of the arm at 34 causes the opening at 27b, with priority over closure 27a, of the member 27 to feed the cylinder, which acts on the arm to make it descend.
  • the reduction in the moment of the load can be obtained by acting either on the arm, or on the hydraulic extension, or even on both simultaneously.
  • the arm 41 (hereinafter referred to as “first arm”) is articulated in rotation in a vertical plane at the upper end of a barrel 43, substantially vertical, resting on a support 44 (by example part of a truck chassis.).
  • first arm is articulated in rotation in a vertical plane at the upper end of a barrel 43, substantially vertical, resting on a support 44 (by example part of a truck chassis.).
  • second arm which carries the hydraulic extension and the manual extensions as explained previously (in FIG. 4, the hydraulic extension and manual extensions are not shown).
  • the reduction in the moment of the load depends on the position of the load with respect to the respective horizontals of the two arms 41 and 42, that is to say with respect to the horizontal H passing through l articulation of the arm 41 to the barrel 43 and to the horizontal H 2 passing through the articulation of the arm 42 to the arm 41.
  • FIG. 4 shows different possible configurations (designated by the letters A to D) of the boom of the lifting device as a function of the relative position of the arms.
  • the arm 41 is located below the horizontal H 1 and the arm 42 is also located below the horizontal HA2: therefore the end of the arm 42 is located below the horizontal H 1 and H A 2 .
  • Lowering the arm 41 and / or the arm 42 has the effect of reducing the moment of the load, while raising the arm 41 and / or the arm 42 increases this moment.
  • the arm 41 is located above the horizontal H 1 and the arm 42 is also located above the horizontal H B2 : the end of the arm 42 is located above the horizontal H 1 and H B2 .
  • the raising of the arm 41 and / or of the arm 42 decreases the moment of the load while the lowering of the arm 41 and / or of the arm 42 increases this moment.
  • the arm 41 is located above the horizontal H 1 , while the arm 42 is located below the respective horizontal H C2 and H D2.
  • the end of the arm 42 is located between the horizontal H 1 and HC2: in this case, the reduction in the moment of the load can be obtained by raising the arm 41 and / or by lowering the arm 42.
  • configuration D the end of the arm 42 is located below the horizontal H 1 : thus, the reduction in the moment of the load can be obtained by lowering the arm 41 and / or the arm 42, therefore in the same sequence as in configuration A.
  • the decrease in the moment of the load is obtained, in the same way as in the case of a device with a single arm, by detection of the position of the first arm 41, except in the case where the end of the arm 42 is located between the two horizontal H 1 and H C2 , the arm 41 then having to be lowered contrary to what was provided for the device with only one arm.
  • FIG. 3 there is shown in block diagram the safety operation of the lifting device provided with two arms.
  • the same reference numerals designate the elements or functions identical to those of FIG. 2.
  • This diagram is substantially similar to that of FIG. 2, with however the addition of a hydraulic control member 35 of the second arm and the addition of a second permissive circuit for actuating the second arm as a function of its angular position.
  • the locking of the arms and hydraulic extension of the device are carried out in the same manner as described above, by closing at 27a, 28a, and 35a of the members 27, 28 and 35, respectively, for controlling the hydraulic supply of the actuating cylinders of the first arm, of the extension and of the second arm, respectively.
  • circuit 29 the authorization to re-enter the hydraulic extension and the inhibition of its exit is provided by circuit 29.
  • a second device 36 detecting the angular position of the second arm relative to the horizontal passing through its articulation.
  • the indications provided by the outputs of the two devices 30 and 36 are compared to allow the possible sequence or sequences to reduce the moment of charging and inhibit the commands resulting in an increase in said moment.
  • the output 36a of the detector device 36 authorizes in 37 the raising of the second arm, but inhibits the control of its lowering.
  • the command at 38 for raising the second arm causes the opening at 35b, with priority on the closure 35a, of the member 35 controlling the supply of the cylinder, which acts on the second arm to raise it.
  • the output 36b of the detector device 36 authorizes at 39 the lowering of the second arm, but inhibits the control of its raising. Therefore the command in 39 for the lowering of the second arm causes the opening at 35b, with priority over closure 35a, of the member 35 controlling the supply of the cylinder, which acts on the second arm to lower it .
  • the control of the first arm requires the comparison of the indications of the respective angular positions of the first and second arms.
  • the raising of the first arm is authorized at 31, but the command for its lowering is inhibited; as indicated previously for FIG. 2, the command at 33 for raising the first arm causes the opening 27b of the member 27 for controlling the supply of the cylinder, which acts on the first arm to raise it.
  • the lowering of the first arm is authorized at 32, but the command to raise it is inhibited; thus the command in 34 to lower the first arm causes the opening 27b of the member 27 for controlling the supply of the cylinder, which acts on the first arm to lower it.
  • the inhibition of the movement control (lowering and raising) of the first arm is obtained at 48, with therefore confirmation of the closure at 27a of the member 27 for controlling the hydraulic circuit d supply to the actuating cylinder of the first arm.
  • the respective control cylinders of the first arm, of the second arm and of the hydraulic extension have been designated by the reference numerals 51, 52 and 53.
  • These cylinders are connected by hydraulic circuits, via respective solenoid valves 54, 55 and 56, to hydraulic distributors 57, 58 and 59 respectively, at three positions, these distributors themselves being connected in parallel with a side to a hydraulic pump 60 and on the other side to the tarpaulin.
  • three pressure sensors 61, 62 and 63 are arranged in parallel. These three sensors are calibrated to detect three predetermined values of the fluid pressure. hydraulic in the cylinder circuit of the first arm, these three values corresponding to an excessive moment of the load respectively when the two manual extensions are extended, when the first manual extension is extended and when the two manual extensions are retracted (case shown on the figure 5).
  • the electrical control circuit of the hydraulic assembly is as follows.
  • Two limit switches 64 and 65 are respectively associated with the first and second manual extensions and are normally closed when the corresponding extension is retracted.
  • One of the terminals of the switch 64 is connected to the positive pole of electrical supply and the other terminal is connected to a contact terminal of a relay 66, the other terminal of which is connected to ground through the coil.
  • a relay 67 with two contacts 67a and 67b the terminals of contact 67a are respectively connected to the positive pole of electrical supply and to one of the terminals of a switch 68 controlled by the pressure sensor 63; the terminals of contact 67b are respectively joined to one of the terminals of a switch 69 controlled by the pressure sensor 62 and to the positive pole of electrical supply.
  • one of the contacts (for example 67b) is open when the other (for example 67a) is closed.
  • One of the contacts 70a, 70b is closed when the other is open.
  • the other terminal of the contact 72a is connected, through an indicator light 73, for signaling normal operation, to the anodes of three non-return diodes 74, 75, 76 whose cathodes are respectively connected to the solenoid valves 54, 55 and 56.
  • the three switches 68, 69 and 71 are normally closed, when the hydraulic pressure is lower than the setting pressure of the pressure sensors which control them.
  • the electrical circuit which has just been described constitutes a circuit for automatic selection of the appropriate pressure sensor as a function of the position (retracted or extended) of the manual extensions and for controlling the solenoid valves 54 to 56 in normal operation.
  • the other half of the contact 72b of the relay 72 is connected, through an indicator light 77 for signaling overload, to a torne of a limit switch 75, tooth the other half is connected to the cathode of the diode 76.
  • the limit switch 78 is associated with the hydraulic distributor 59 for controlling the cylinder 53 of the hydraulic extension. Like all the limit switches which will be mentioned later, the switch 78 is normally open and is closed only when the distributor 59 is moved (upwards in FIG. 5) to control the retraction of the piston of the cylinder 53 (retraction of the hydraulic extension).
  • a first detector 79 of the angular position of the first arm is connected to ground and to the positive pole of the power supply and its output is connected to ground through the coil of a relay 80 with two contacts 80a and 80b, of which l one is open when the other is closed.
  • Each of the two contacts 80a and 80b has a terminal connected to the positive pole of electrical supply.
  • the other terminal of contact 8Da is connected to a terminal of a limit switch 81 whose other terminal is connected to the cathode of diode 74 associated with the solenoid valve 54.
  • the limit switch 81 is associated with the hydraulic distributor 57 and is closed when the latter is actuated (upwards in FIG. 5) to control the retraction of the piston into the cylinder 51 (lowering of the first arm).
  • the other terminal of the contact 80b is connected to a terminal of a limit switch 82.
  • This switch 82 is associated with the hydraulic distributor 57 and is closed when the latter is actuated (downwards in FIG. 5) to control the output of the piston from cylinder 51 (raising of the first arm).
  • the other terminal of the switch 82 is connected to a contact terminal of a relay 83, the other terminal of which is connected to the cathode of the diode 74.
  • a second detector 84 of the angular position of the second arm is connected to ground and to the positive pole of electrical supply. Its output is connected to ground through the coil of a relay85 with two contacts 85a and 85b, one of which is open when the other is closed.
  • Each contact 85a, 85b has a terminal joined to the positive pole of electrical supply.
  • the other terminal of the contact 85a is connected, on the one hand, to the ground via the coil of the relay 83 and, on the other hand, to a terminal of a limit switch 86 whose another terminal is connected to the cathode of the diode 75 associated with the solenoid valve 55.
  • the limit switch 86 is associated with the distributor 58 for controlling the cylinder 52 for actuating the second arm and it is closed when the distributor 58 is moved (down in Figure 5) to control the output of the cylinder piston 52 (raising the second arm).
  • the other terminal of contact 85b of relay 85 is connected to a terminal of a limit switch 87, the other terminal of which is connected to the cathode of diode 75 associated with the solenoid valve 55.
  • the end switch stroke 87 is associated with the hydraulic distributor 58 and it is closed when the latter is actuated (upwards in FIG. 5) to control the retraction of the piston of the cylinder 52 (lowering of the second arm).
  • all relays are preferably (as shown in Figure 5) with closed contact when the coil is energized, so that an anomaly in a relay 2 causes the electrical supply to the solenoid valves 54 to 56 to be cut and the arms and the hydraulic extension to be blocked.
  • the angular position detectors 79 and 84 are preferably proximity detectors indicating the position of the corresponding arm relative to the vertical.
  • the detector 79 is mounted on the first arm and may have for reference the barrel of the lifting device, this barrel being substantially vertical. As for the detector 34. it is fixed to the second arm so as to hang freely.
  • the two switches 64 and 65 are closed; therefore, the coil of the relay s 66 being supplied the contact of the relay 66 is closed, and, the relay 67 being energized, its contact 67a is closed. Likewise, the relay 70 is energized and its contact 70a is closed.
  • the coil of the relay 72 is connected to the positive power supply pole via the closed contact of the switch 68 and the closed contact 67a of the relay 67.
  • the two sensors 61 and 62 are electrically off-circuit and only the sensor 63 is included in the electrical circuit for controlling the relay 72, when no manual extension cable is out.
  • the limit switch 64 is open and, the relay 67 being no longer energized, the contact 67a is open and the contact 67b is closed, all other things being equal.
  • the limit switch 65 is also open and, the relay 70 being no longer energized, the contact 70a is open and the contact 70b is closed.
  • the contact 70a being open, the electrical circuit passing through the contact 67b, the switch 69 the contact 70a and the coil 72 is not closed.
  • the sensor causes the opening of its associated switch and the de-energization of the relay 72. Therefore the contact 72a of the relay 72 opens, which causes the closing of the solenoid valves 54 to 56 and the blocking of the arms and of the hydraulic extension in the position they occupied.
  • the indicator 73 for normal operation has gone out.
  • the contact 72b of the relay 72 is closed and the positive supply voltage is brought to the. corresponding terminal of the limit switch 78.
  • valve 59 (down) is actuated in the direction of arrow 88 (corresponding in FIG. 5 to the outlet of the hydraulic extension), the fluid does not circulate since the solenoid valve is closed, being not electrically powered neither by contact 72a nor by switch 78 which are open.
  • the distributor 59 is actuated upwards in the direction of the arrow 89 (corresponding in FIG. 5 to the reentry of the hydraulic extension), the distributor causes the switch 78 to close and the solenoid valve s 'opens: the cylinder 53 controls the retraction of the extension.
  • the second arm when the first arm is located below the horizontal, the second arm, as indicated above, is also located below the horizontal passing through its articulation to the first arm (configuration A in FIG. 4).
  • the two angular position detectors 79 and 84 do not deliver any output signal and the relays 80 and 85, not being energized, are in the rest position shown in FIG. 5: contacts 80a and 85b closed, contacts 80b and 85a open.
  • the two angular position detectors 79 and 84 deliver an output signal and the two relays 80 and 85 are energized. the contacts 80b and 85a are then open and the contacts 80a and 85b are closed.
  • the limit switch 81 is certainly closed, but, the contact 80a being open, the solenoid valve 54 is not excited and remains closed: the first arm remains blocked.
  • the limit switch 82 is closed; similarly, the contact of relay 83 is closed since, the contact 85a of relay 85 being closed, its coil is energized; the contact 80b of the relay 80 also being closed, the solenoid valve 54 is energized and opens: the circulating fluid brings out the piston from the cylinder 51 and the first arm rises.
  • the limit switch 87 is certainly closed; but, the contact 85b of the relay 85 being open, the solenoid valve 55 is not energized and does not open: the second arm therefore remains blocked.
  • the limit switch 86 is closed and, as the contact 85a of the relay 85 is closed, the positive voltage of electrical supply is applied to the solenoid valve 55 which opens: the fluid circulates in the cylinder 52 by causing the piston to exit; so the second arm goes up.
  • the detector 79 delivers a signal exciting the relay 80 while the detector 84 does not deliver a signal and the relay 85 is not energized: therefore, the contacts 80b and 85b are closed while the contacts 80a and 85a are open.
  • the command of the second macaw is the same as that described above, that is to say that only the lowering of the second arm is authorized, its raising is not possible.
  • the contact 85a of the relay 85 being open, the relay 83 is not energized and its contact is open. Therefore, when the distributor 57 is actuated in the direction of the arrow 91, the limit switch is certainly closed, but the supply of the solenoid valve 54 is not ensured due to the opening of the contact 83.
  • the solenoid valve 54 is not energized either when the distributor 57 is actuated in the direction of the arrow 90 since the contact 80a of the relay 80 is open.
  • the operator therefore retains control of the device, regardless of the configuration of the arms at the time when the overload appeared.
  • the pressure detecting means also control the control circuits of the winch, in such a way that, when a pressure higher than a determined pressure is detected, the winch is blocked and the load cannot be lifted from its plane of rest.
  • FIG. 6 which corresponds to the basic diagram of FIG. 1, these complementary arrangements have been represented while keeping the same reference numerals to designate the elements identical to those of FIG. 1.
  • the lifting device is disposed on a support, in particular a mobile support such as for example a vehicle chassis
  • a support in particular a mobile support such as for example a vehicle chassis
  • said support (respectively said truck): retractable beams arranged laterally, on the side and on the other side of the support, and carrying stabilizing cylinders for supporting the ground so as to increase the surface of the support overvoltage polygon, therefore to increase the stability of the assembly, and finally to increase the weight of the loads that can be handled using the lifting device and / or the maximum useful length of the arm or the arm assembly thereof.
  • the stabilizing cylinder located on one side of the support comes to rest on the ground, it is created in its hydraulic supply circuit 101 an overpressure which is detected by one of the pressure detecting means 102.
  • position detector means 103 arranged to detect the position of the arm, in a horizontal plane, with respect to the axis of symmetry on either side of which the supports on the ground are situated.
  • the signals emitted by the pressure detector means 102 and the position detector means 103 are compared in comparator means 104. These comparator means generate an output signal when the two stabilizing jacks are not in contact with the ground or, if a only cylinder is in support, when the arm leaves the angular sector associated with this cylinder, for example when the arm leaves the right or left scanning semicircle (considered with respect to the axis of symmetry on either side of which are located the jacks), when only the right jack or the left jack are supported respectively.
  • the output signal from the comparator means 104 causes the closure member 3 to control the flow of the hydraulic fluid supplying the actuating cylinder of the arm in a vertical plane and / or supplying the rotation control cylinder of the arm in a horizontal plane (not shown in FIG. 6), in the same way as the pressure sensing means 2 act in the event of the arm being overloaded (as described above with reference to FIG. 1).
  • the output signal of the comparator means 104 also causes the detection means 5 of the angular position of the arm to be put into operation or to be switched on so that they select the or a movement sequence 6 that it is possible to do follow the arm to cause only a decrease in the moment of the load, with opening of the control member 4 obtained in 7, with priority over the closure ordered in 3, to authorize the movement of the arm according to the required sequence.
  • the comparator means 104 act so as to block the operation of the arm of the lifting device, thus avoiding any risk of overturning the assembly.
  • the user can then continue with the desired maneuvers only when at least one jack has been brought to bear on the ground or else can only pivot the arm horizontally to bring it back into the appropriate angular sector.
  • the lifting device is in a predetermined position relative to a horizontal plane.
  • this platform must be in a roughly horizontal plane so as to avoid overturning of the assembly due to a slope.
  • attitude detector means 105 capable of generating, when the lifting device is not in the required position relative to the horizontal plane, a signal causing at 3 the closure of the member 4 of control of the movement of the arm in a vertical plane and the triggering of the security system 5, 6, 7 to authorize only the nano-operations of the arm according to a sequence reducing the moment of the charge.
  • this overpressure is only due to the overpressure which is independent of the load state of the arm and which therefore appears even when the load is low or zero.
  • the security system then prohibits the lowering of the arm because such a movement would correspond to an increase in range of the arm, therefore an increase in the moment.
  • position detector means 106 are implemented which detect the abutment of the arm in its maximum high position. When the arm reaches said position, the detector means 105 generate a signal causing at 7 the opening of the control member 4 authorizing the lowering of the arm.
  • This lowering is carried out over a very short distance and is sufficient to bring the pressure in the hydraulic supply circuit of the jack to a normal value and, at this moment, the arm is out of the zone of action of the detector means 108 .
  • a shunt device 107 which can be operated manually as symbolized by the arrow 108 by an authorized person.
  • the actuation of the shunt device 107 causes the physical destruction of a member 109 of the lifting machine and, on the other hand, causes the opening 4 of the control member 4 of the arm , thus authorizing any movement of the arm.
  • the member 109 is not directly accessible (it is for example placed in a sealed enclosure) and can therefore only be replaced by an authorized person: thanks to this arrangement there remains physical evidence of the actuation of the shunt device 107 .
  • the security system of the invention is shown in two parts corresponding respectively to FIGS. 7 and 8, these two parts being interconnected at points a and d.
  • FIG. 7 represents the security system of FIG. 5 to which the shunt device and the detector means have been added, detecting the coming of the arm in abutment in its maximum high position which have been described above in general.
  • FIG. 7 the elements identical to those of FIG. 5 are designated by the same reference numbers.
  • the shunt device includes a switch 112 with double contact.
  • one of the terminals is connected to ground while the other terminal is connected to the terminal brought to the positive potential of contact 72a of relay 72.
  • one of its terminals is brought to positive potential while its other terminal is connected, via a signaling lamp 113, to the cathode of diode 74.
  • An isolation diode additional 114 is inserted between the diode 74 and the solenoid valve 54.
  • isolation diode 115 the cathode of which is joined to that of diode 75, which is itself connected to the anode of another diode.
  • isolation 116 whose cathode is connected to that of diode 76.
  • an isolation diode 117 is inserted between the cathode of the diode 75 and the solenoid valve 55.
  • a fuse 118 is inserted between the positive pole of electrical supply and the terminal joined to this pole of contact 72a of relay 72.
  • the functioning of the shunt device is the following boast.
  • the switch 112 normally being in opening, as shown in FIG. 7, one acts manually on it as symbolized by the arrow 119 to close it.
  • a position detector 120 is provided, for example having a movable finger 121 able to cooperate with the arm when the latter reaches the aforementioned maximum high position and to be pushed back by it to close an electrical contact.
  • the detector 120 has a terminal connected to the + pole while its other terminal is connected to the terminal of the coil of the relay 72 which is not grounded.
  • the arm pushes the movable finger 121 of the detector 120 and causes the appearance of positive polarity on the output line of the detector: under these conditions, the coil of the relay 72 is kept energized, and the security system does not operate.
  • the arm can be lowered, but only over a very short distance corresponding to the stroke of the movable finger 121. Then, as soon as the internal electrical contact of the detector 120 is open, or the lowering of the arm can be continued s 'it is not overloaded, or else, the arm being overloaded, the line of relay 72 is no longer energized and. the safety system activated requires following the sequence aimed at reducing the moment of charging.
  • the lifting device is fixed to the chassis 122 of a truck (partially shown with its rear axle 123), just behind the driver's cab (not shown), the space available behind of the lifting device which can for example be occupied by a platform or a bucket (not shown), intended to receive a load.
  • This support 124 comprises, on the one hand, a barrel 125, extending substantially vertically and at the free upper end of which is articulated the arm or the first movable arm (not shown), and, on the other hand, a plate 126 supporting the barrel 125 and movable in rotation, relative to the chassis 122, the plate 126 and the barrel 125 being integral with one another.
  • the frame. 122 also supports a hollow cross member 127 extending over the entire width of the chassis approximately perpendicular to the longitudinal axis of the truck.
  • This cross member 127 serves as a housing for two beams 128a and 128b which can be moved inside the cross member so as to be able to occupy either a first position in which they have returned inside the cross member, or a second position in which they are crossbar exits and project laterally.
  • the beams 128a and 128b respectively carry double-acting cylinders 129a and 129b, arranged substantially vertically, the pistons of which are terminated by a foot 130a and 130b, respectively, intended to come to bear on the ground.
  • the exit or re-entry control of the beams 128a, 128b can be of any suitable type, for example being a hydraulic control. However, this command not intervening in the understanding of the invention, it has not been shown to simplify the drawing.
  • the cylinders 129a, 129b are controlled hydraulically by means of a three-position distributor 131, connected to the two chambers of the cylinders 129a, 129b.
  • the rotation control of the plate 126 can be carried out, in a conventional manner, by means of a rack 132 actuated by a double-acting hydraulic cylinder 133, which is supplied by means of a distributor 134,
  • two position detectors 139 and 140 are provided, situated respectively to the left and to the right with respect to the longitudinal axis of the truck, for detecting the position of the arm of the lifting device with respect to this axis, c ' that is to say to detect whether the arm is turned towards the left side (semicircle 141 of scanning left) or towards the right side (semicircle 142 of scanning right).
  • the position detectors are respectively inserted into electrical circuits connected to ground via the single-contact relay coils 143 and 144, respectively.
  • two position detectors 145 and 146 are provided, associated respectively with beams 128a and 128b, for detecting the extended or retracted position of the latter.
  • the position detectors 145 and 146 are inserted in respective electrical circuits connected to ground via the relay coils 147 and 148, respectively.
  • signal lamps 1.49 and 150 are connected, between the + pole and the points common to the contacts of relays 144 and 137, in parallel respectively with relays 148, 138, 144 and with relays 137, 143, 147.
  • isolation diodes 151 and 152 are connected in series respectively with lamps 149 and 150.
  • the common point for the contacts of relays 137 and 144 is connected to ground via the coil of a relay 153, one of the terminals of the contact of which is connected to the + pole.
  • the assembly which has just been described constitutes a detector assembly of the support on the ground of the stabilizing jacks 129a and 129b which is connected to the security system of FIG. 7 in the manner which will be indicated a little further on, and whose operation will be explained later.
  • attitude detection means comprising a device 154 detecting the horizontality of the chassis 122 of the vehicle, both in the transverse direction and in the longitudinal direction.
  • the device 154 may for example be constituted by an electrically conductive rod 155 secured to the frame so as to hang freely in the manner of a pendulum. This rod is at ground potential.
  • a ring 156 Around the free end of the rod 155 is arranged a ring 156, also electrically conductive, and brought to the positive potential, the rod passing substantially in the center of the ring when the chassis is horizontal.
  • the ring 156 is connected to one terminal of the coil (the other terminal of which is connected to ground) of a relay 157.
  • a terminal of the contact of relay 157 is connected to the free terminal of the contact of relay 153 while its other terminal is connected to point a which, in FIG. 7, constitutes a terminal of the coil (the other terminal of which is at the ground) of a relay 158.
  • the contact of relay 158 is connected, on the one hand, to the non-grounded terminal of the coil of relay 72 and, on the other hand, to the common point at contact 70a of the relay 70 and of the switch 6B actuable by the pressure sensor 63.
  • the contacts of the relays 153 and 157 and the coil of the relay 158 are connected in series.
  • the attitude detecting means and the support detecting means stabilizing jacks on the ground shown in Figure 8 and the overload detector means shown in Figure 7 are connected in series and act in series to energize the relay coil.
  • 72 that is to say that, in the case where one of these means no longer satisfies pre-established conditions, the coil of the relay 72 is no longer energized, as will be explained in more detail later when will be indicated the operation of the assembly.
  • the lifting device In addition to the above arrangements, provision is also made to equip the lifting device with means intended to limit its rotation, in a horizontal plane, to a determined angular sector, in order to prevent p 3 r example that the arm and / or the load does not strike an obstacle. This is particularly the case when the lifting device is mounted on a truck platform, just behind the driver's cab; the arm should be allowed to rotate above the platform to allow loading or unloading, but should be prevented from rotating on the side of the driver's cab to avoid damage to the driver's cab.
  • the angular sector which the lifting device is authorized to sweep is shown at 159, with shading, in Figure 8.
  • these detectors are located in different horizontal planes so that the control means , linked in rotation to the plate 126, of one of the detectors cannot act on the other detector when the arm has rotated 180 °.
  • the detector 130b covers the sector between 0 and 90 ° and the detector 130a covers the sector between 90 ° and 180 °, the two detectors being arranged so that their respective areas of action overlap at point 90 °.
  • the detectors 160 and 161 are inserted into respective electrical circuits connected to ground via the relay coils 162 and 163, respectively.
  • the relay contact terminals are respectively connected together in pairs so that the contacts are connected in parallel.
  • One of the common points is joined to point a, while the other common point is joined to respective first terminals of two switches 164 and 165.
  • the second terminals of these switches are connected together and connected to a terminal of the coil (whose other terminal is grounded) of a relay 166.
  • the switches 164 and 165 are mechanically linked to the hydraulic distributor 134 controlling the rotation of the plate and the barrel of the lifting device, so that one or the other of these switches is closed, depending on whether the distributor is actuated in one way or the other.
  • One terminal of the contact of relay 166 is connected to the cathode of an isolation diode 167, the anode of which is connected to point a, while its other terminal is connected to point d (which, in FIG. 7, is located between the switch 112 and the signaling lamp 113 of the shunt device described above) and to one terminal of the coil (the other terminal of which is grounded) for controlling the solenoid valve 135.
  • the stability of the assembly is ensured and the barrel 125 can rotate and the arm can be brought in, without danger of either side of the vehicle.
  • the relays 148, 138, 144, 137, 143 and 147 (whose coils are excited) on their respective closed contacts and the + polarity is brought to the coil of the relay 153 which, excited, keeps the contact of said closed relay (detailed operation will be given later).
  • the signal emitted by the overload detection device is transmitted, via the closed contact of the relay 158, to the relay coil 72.
  • the rotation limiting means (the operation of which will be explained later) provide the coil of the relay 166 with + polarity and the contact of this relay is closed: + polarity , transmitted to point a by the contacts of relays 153 and 157, is also transmitted, via the contact of relay 166, to the control coil of the solenoid valve 135 which is then in the on position.
  • + polarity transmitted to point a by the contacts of relays 153 and 157, is also transmitted, via the contact of relay 166, to the control coil of the solenoid valve 135 which is then in the on position.
  • control coil of the solenoid valve 135 no longer being energized, the hydraulic circuit for controlling the barrel rotation is locked and the rotation can no longer be carried out.
  • the descent of the legs 130a and 130b could be controlled without the carrying beams 128a and 128b having come out: in this case, however, the width of the support on the ground would be less and the risk of overturning the assembly would not be dismissed.
  • the position detectors 145 and 146 are arranged to detect the extended position of the beams 128a and 128b and, only in in this case, supply + polarity to the coils of relays 147 and 148 which, excited, cause the corresponding contacts to close.
  • one or the other of the position sensors 139 or 140 is in operation depending on whether the arm scans the left sector 141 or the right sector 142, respectively, and causes the contact closure of the corresponding relay 143 or 144, respectively.
  • the + polarity is then supplied to the coil of the relay 153 either by the circuit of the contacts of the relays 148, 138 and 144, or by the circuit of the contacts of the relays 147, 143 and 137.
  • the contacts of the relays 147 and 148 and / or of the relays 137 and 138 are open.
  • the coil of relay 153 is no longer energized and, the contact of this relay being open, the absence of excitation of the coil of relay 158 causes the coil of relay 72 to de-energize: the arm is then locked in position and the security system is activated. Simultaneously the lamps 149 and 150 light up to signal the anomaly.
  • the user In order for the arm operations to be carried out, the user must control the exit of the beams and the support of the cylinders.
  • one of the jacks for example the jack 129a
  • the other jack 129b has not come out, for example due to the lack of space available on the side of the vehicle to take out the beam 128b.
  • relays 137 and 147 are then closed, but on the other hand the contacts of relays 138 and 148 remain open, since the corresponding coils do not are not energized, The lamp 151 is then lit.
  • the arm can traverse the angular sector 141 situated on the left, without the stability being affected, but on the other hand it must not traverse the angular sector 142 situated on the right because, the chassis not being supported on this side , the whole unit could tip over.
  • the position detector 139 is in operation and excites the coil of the relay 143. Therefore the + polarity is applied to the coil of the relay 153 by means of the contacts of the relays 147 , 143 and 137.
  • the position detector 139 is no longer in operation and, the coil of the relay 143 being no longer energized, the corresponding contact opens, causing, on the one hand, the de-excitation of the coil of the relay 72 and the commissioning of the security system and, on the other hand, the de-excitation of the coil of the relay 135 and the blocking of the arm in rotation.
  • the assembly is not sufficiently stable, in particular when the arm is loaded, so that the two feet 130a and 130b remain simultaneously supported on the ground: if the arm is for example directed to the left (scanning of the angular sector 141), the cylinder 130a will be overloaded while the cylinder 130b, on the contrary unloaded, will no longer be supported on the ground: the overpressure which existed in its hydraulic control circuit disappears, which causes, via the pressure sensor 136b, the opening of the contact of relay 138.
  • the relay 153 is energized by means of the contacts of the relays 147, 143 and 137, and the operations of the arm can be carried out normally.
  • the arm is in the 90 ° position, that is to say in the axis of the vehicle.
  • the angular sectors controlled by the proximity detectors 160 and 161 overlap slightly, for the 90 ° position, the + polarity is transmitted respectively to the coils of the relays 162 and 163, the contacts of which are kept closed.
  • the coil of relay 166 is not supplied and the contact of said relay is open: the coil of solenoid valve 165 is not energized, the elec valve cuts the hydraulic circuit supplying the rotation control cylinder 133. Under these conditions, the lifting device is hydraulically locked in the 90 ° position, which can be of great interest to prevent the arm from turning by itself, for example in the presence of a cant of the chassis which supports it. .
  • the hydraulic distributor 135 is actuated, this which, due to the mechanical connection which binds them, causes the closing of the switch 165.
  • the + polarity is therefore brought, through the relays 153, 157 and 163 and the switch 165, to the coil of the relay 166, the contact of which is closed.
  • the + polarity thus feeds, through the diode 167 which is then on, the control coil of the solenoid valve 135; the solenoid valve closes the hydraulic circuit supplying the jack 133 to allow the rotation of the device.
  • the proximity detector 161 interrupts the positive supply of the coil of the relay 163, which has the effect of interrupting the electrical circuit connecting the coil of the relay 166 to the + pole.
  • the switch 164 is not actuated by the hydraulic distributor 134 and remains open, it follows that the coil of the relay 166 is no longer energized, which causes the contact of the relay 166 to open and the solenoid coil 135 to de-energize.
  • the actuator supply circuit 133 is interrupted and the lifting device is hydraulically locked in this position, even if the hydraulic distributor 134 is held in the position it occupies.
  • the distributor 134 can at this stage be operated in opposite directions, which has the effect of closing the switch 164.
  • the detector 160 remains in function when the lifting device is in the angular sector 0 ° -90 °, the polarity + reaches the coil of relay 166 via relays 153, 157 and 162 and of switch 164.
  • the solenoid valve 135 restores the continuity of the hydraulic circuit controlling the jack 133 and the lifting device rotates in direction 0 ° ⁇ 90 °.

Landscapes

  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
  • Forklifts And Lifting Vehicles (AREA)
  • Fluid-Pressure Circuits (AREA)
EP79400129A 1978-03-01 1979-03-01 Hydraulisch gesteuerte Hebezeuge Withdrawn EP0003939A3 (de)

Applications Claiming Priority (2)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
FR7805906 1978-03-01
FR7805906A FR2418766A1 (fr) 1978-03-01 1978-03-01 Perfectionnement aux appareils de levage a commande hydraulique

Publications (2)

Publication Number Publication Date
EP0003939A2 true EP0003939A2 (de) 1979-09-05
EP0003939A3 EP0003939A3 (de) 1980-04-16

Family

ID=9205218

Family Applications (1)

Application Number Title Priority Date Filing Date
EP79400129A Withdrawn EP0003939A3 (de) 1978-03-01 1979-03-01 Hydraulisch gesteuerte Hebezeuge

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Country Link
EP (1) EP0003939A3 (de)
FR (1) FR2418766A1 (de)

Cited By (6)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
FR2534643A1 (fr) * 1982-10-15 1984-04-20 Bennes Marrel Dispositif controleur d'etat de charge avec limiteur de capacite de couple pour un circuit hydraulique, notamment sur une grue
EP0158738A2 (de) * 1984-04-14 1985-10-23 Robert Bosch Gmbh Hydraulische Überlastungsschutzvorrichtung für einen Ladekran
GB2189456A (en) * 1986-04-24 1987-10-28 Mo N Proizv Ob Str Dorozh Mash Device for protecting hoisting mechanisms against overloads and tipping
FR2601632A1 (fr) * 1986-07-16 1988-01-22 Allemane Claude Dispositif de securite pour chariot mobile support de nacelle
FR2695925A1 (fr) * 1992-09-19 1994-03-25 Iveco Magirus Procédé et dispositif pour empêcher une grue ou un véhicule élévateur de secours de se renverser.
EP1426207A2 (de) * 2002-12-06 2004-06-09 Fiat Kobelco Construction Machinery S.p.A. Radfahrzeug mit einem Drehturm

Families Citing this family (3)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US4411368A (en) * 1980-03-21 1983-10-25 Roger Manjot Safety system for hydraulically controlled hoisting apparatus
FR2478607A1 (fr) * 1980-03-21 1981-09-25 Manjot Roger Systeme de securite pour appareil de levage a commande hydraulique
FR2495593B1 (fr) * 1980-12-05 1987-03-06 Setri Installation de levage pour locaux confines, comprenant un equipement de grue a fleche cantilever

Citations (7)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US3035712A (en) * 1960-02-17 1962-05-22 Westinghouse Bremsen Gmbh Overload safety control apparatus for cranes
DE1244358B (de) * 1964-12-03 1967-07-13 Kloeckner Humboldt Detuz Ag Kippsicherung fuer Kran- und Leiterfahrzeuge
US3371800A (en) * 1966-07-21 1968-03-05 Grove Mfg Co Safe load control device for cranes
FR2164572A1 (de) * 1971-12-24 1973-08-03 Gross Siegfried
GB1358871A (en) * 1971-06-25 1974-07-03 Pye Ltd Crane load indicator arrangement
GB1403046A (en) * 1972-09-08 1975-08-13 Weimar Kombinat Veb Load factor safety mechanism
FR2261216A1 (en) * 1974-02-14 1975-09-12 Tico Ab Servo-controlled crane overload protection - has derricking ram pressure detector releasing pressure from servo-controls

Patent Citations (7)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US3035712A (en) * 1960-02-17 1962-05-22 Westinghouse Bremsen Gmbh Overload safety control apparatus for cranes
DE1244358B (de) * 1964-12-03 1967-07-13 Kloeckner Humboldt Detuz Ag Kippsicherung fuer Kran- und Leiterfahrzeuge
US3371800A (en) * 1966-07-21 1968-03-05 Grove Mfg Co Safe load control device for cranes
GB1358871A (en) * 1971-06-25 1974-07-03 Pye Ltd Crane load indicator arrangement
FR2164572A1 (de) * 1971-12-24 1973-08-03 Gross Siegfried
GB1403046A (en) * 1972-09-08 1975-08-13 Weimar Kombinat Veb Load factor safety mechanism
FR2261216A1 (en) * 1974-02-14 1975-09-12 Tico Ab Servo-controlled crane overload protection - has derricking ram pressure detector releasing pressure from servo-controls

Cited By (9)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
FR2534643A1 (fr) * 1982-10-15 1984-04-20 Bennes Marrel Dispositif controleur d'etat de charge avec limiteur de capacite de couple pour un circuit hydraulique, notamment sur une grue
EP0158738A2 (de) * 1984-04-14 1985-10-23 Robert Bosch Gmbh Hydraulische Überlastungsschutzvorrichtung für einen Ladekran
EP0158738A3 (de) * 1984-04-14 1988-10-19 Robert Bosch Gmbh Hydraulische Überlastungsschutzvorrichtung für einen Ladekran
GB2189456A (en) * 1986-04-24 1987-10-28 Mo N Proizv Ob Str Dorozh Mash Device for protecting hoisting mechanisms against overloads and tipping
FR2601632A1 (fr) * 1986-07-16 1988-01-22 Allemane Claude Dispositif de securite pour chariot mobile support de nacelle
FR2695925A1 (fr) * 1992-09-19 1994-03-25 Iveco Magirus Procédé et dispositif pour empêcher une grue ou un véhicule élévateur de secours de se renverser.
BE1007515A4 (nl) * 1992-09-19 1995-07-18 Iveco Magirus Werkwijze en inrichting om te voorkomen dat een kraan of een heffend reddingsvoertuig kantelt.
EP1426207A2 (de) * 2002-12-06 2004-06-09 Fiat Kobelco Construction Machinery S.p.A. Radfahrzeug mit einem Drehturm
EP1426207A3 (de) * 2002-12-06 2005-06-15 Fiat Kobelco Construction Machinery S.p.A. Radfahrzeug mit einem Drehturm

Also Published As

Publication number Publication date
FR2418766A1 (fr) 1979-09-28
EP0003939A3 (de) 1980-04-16

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