EP0002267A1 - Method of manufacturing fibre-reinforced concrete structural elements and structural elements manufactured according to this method - Google Patents

Method of manufacturing fibre-reinforced concrete structural elements and structural elements manufactured according to this method Download PDF

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Publication number
EP0002267A1
EP0002267A1 EP78101501A EP78101501A EP0002267A1 EP 0002267 A1 EP0002267 A1 EP 0002267A1 EP 78101501 A EP78101501 A EP 78101501A EP 78101501 A EP78101501 A EP 78101501A EP 0002267 A1 EP0002267 A1 EP 0002267A1
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Prior art keywords
fibers
scrim
fiber
cement
structural elements
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German (de)
French (fr)
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EP0002267B1 (en
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Hermann Schemel
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    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B28—WORKING CEMENT, CLAY, OR STONE
    • B28B—SHAPING CLAY OR OTHER CERAMIC COMPOSITIONS; SHAPING SLAG; SHAPING MIXTURES CONTAINING CEMENTITIOUS MATERIAL, e.g. PLASTER
    • B28B23/00—Arrangements specially adapted for the production of shaped articles with elements wholly or partly embedded in the moulding material; Production of reinforced objects
    • B28B23/0006—Arrangements specially adapted for the production of shaped articles with elements wholly or partly embedded in the moulding material; Production of reinforced objects the reinforcement consisting of aligned, non-metal reinforcing elements
    • E—FIXED CONSTRUCTIONS
    • E04—BUILDING
    • E04C—STRUCTURAL ELEMENTS; BUILDING MATERIALS
    • E04C5/00—Reinforcing elements, e.g. for concrete; Auxiliary elements therefor
    • E04C5/01—Reinforcing elements of metal, e.g. with non-structural coatings
    • E04C5/02—Reinforcing elements of metal, e.g. with non-structural coatings of low bending resistance
    • E04C5/04—Mats
    • E—FIXED CONSTRUCTIONS
    • E04—BUILDING
    • E04C—STRUCTURAL ELEMENTS; BUILDING MATERIALS
    • E04C5/00—Reinforcing elements, e.g. for concrete; Auxiliary elements therefor
    • E04C5/07—Reinforcing elements of material other than metal, e.g. of glass, of plastics, or not exclusively made of metal
    • E—FIXED CONSTRUCTIONS
    • E04—BUILDING
    • E04C—STRUCTURAL ELEMENTS; BUILDING MATERIALS
    • E04C5/00—Reinforcing elements, e.g. for concrete; Auxiliary elements therefor
    • E04C5/07—Reinforcing elements of material other than metal, e.g. of glass, of plastics, or not exclusively made of metal
    • E04C5/073—Discrete reinforcing elements, e.g. fibres

Definitions

  • the invention relates to a method for producing fiber-reinforced concrete components, in which a lattice-like laid scrim is incorporated into cement masses, and to molded parts produced by this method. "Molded parts” are also to be understood here as building material panels.
  • DD-PS 41 435 a method of the type mentioned is known in which glass fiber strands or rods - preferably prestressed - are embedded in concrete.
  • the glass fiber rods should replace the usual metal reinforcement. By soaking them with suitable resins, the glass fiber rods are protected against chemical attacks and at the same time made dimensionally stable.
  • quartz sand is sprinkled on the soaked bars, or glass fiber strands soaked in resin are wrapped in a spiral.
  • the glass fiber rods merely function as a steel bar take over the reinforcement and where the quartz grains scattered on the glass fiber rods only create the connection between concrete and glass fiber rod, there is no multidirectional elastic reinforcement grid.
  • a reinforcement element for concrete made of glass fiber reinforced plastics is known, in which a grain of quartz powder and fine chippings is attached to the reinforcement element to increase the adhesive strength between the reinforcement element and the concrete, or the reinforcement element is spirally wrapped with profiled strips. Even when using reinforcement elements treated in this way, flexible multidirectional reinforcement grids are not created.
  • asbestos is used as the reinforcing fiber.
  • Cement is used here as a hydraulic binder to process the relatively fine fibers, which are often only a few millimeters long. The process is reminiscent of the manufacture of cardboards. Of a thin cement paste form on a drum fine asbestos cement fleece e, running one above the other, until the desired thickness is obtained. They can then be removed and compressed under pressure.
  • This method can also be successfully used when large amounts of water are added to the asbestos-cement mixture.
  • the binding power of the cement is preserved through the close hydraulic combination with mineral fibers.
  • DE-OS 2 409 231 discloses a process for the production of shaped articles solidified by inorganic binders and reinforced by mineral fibers.
  • surface-area reinforcement mats impregnated with binder glue or mortar which consist of artificial mineral fibers, are placed one above the other and / or next to one another in the fresh, non-set state until the desired reinforcement is achieved.
  • binder glue or mortar which consist of artificial mineral fibers
  • shear-resistant connections of the different fiber mats can be achieved by sewing with mineral fiber bundles.
  • the known method cannot be used to create reinforcement with reinforcement fibers that are perpendicular or transverse to the mats. This means that - due to the nature of the known method - no multidirectional reinforcement with a high degree of fineness can be created.
  • fibers or tissue chips are arranged on this thread structure.
  • the laid scrim can consist of endless fiber filaments or. consist of staple fiber yarns.
  • the fibers can consist of the same materials or of completely different types of fibers if special properties of the concrete are to be achieved. Their length can also be varied. It can range from a few millimeters to many centimeters.
  • some parameters of the reinforcement structure must of course be coordinated with one another: for example, the spacing of the threads of the scrim and the length of the threads on the scrim arranged fibers and their elasticity can be varied.
  • the method is such that the applied fibers experience a multidirectional arrangement, namely in the plane of the thread structure and / or protrude from this plane. If necessary, three-dimensional reinforcement can also be achieved.
  • the product combined from continuous threads and cut fibers remains so open on its surface that it is easily separated from the pulpy cement mass e.g. can be enclosed in an automated process.
  • uncontrolled accumulations of fibers on the scrim are avoided by first providing the scrim with an adhesive and then exposing it to a stream of falling fibers, which then have different, arbitrary orientations on the thread put stuck. Non-stick fibers fall off again. Fiber masses that are difficult to penetrate by cement masses are avoided. According to a different procedure, an air flow can have a supporting effect.
  • Another method variant provides for arranging rollers in order to roughen the fiber pieces lying on the grid and thus to lift fibers or fiber parts out of the plane of this flat structure and then to solidify them with a fixing agent.
  • This can be done easily with a thinly set liquid concrete or with commercially available adhesives e.g. on a plastic basis.
  • the solidification can take place by spraying, by dipping or by doctoring. This method is used in particular when compression of the voluminous reinforcement structure is to be avoided in the subsequent work process.
  • the manufacturing process for the reinforcement structure is not tied to a specific type of fiber.
  • Glass filaments can be used, the high strength of which does not change due to the influences of the cement.
  • synthetic yarns for example made of polypropylene, are also suitable, which above all improve the burst strength of the concrete.
  • a combination of structural steel grids or wire mesh with fibers or fabric chips or fabric strips is also possible or the use of natural fibers, e.g. Sisal. Even those fibers that cannot withstand the aggressive media of the cement are suitable for the lattice structure if the fibers applied have this resistance.
  • the cut fibers or yarns which are intended to supplement the properties of the reinforcement structure, can also be made from the glass fiber type mentioned, from polyamides and other synthetic fibers or from steel fibers or wire consist. It is not important that, for example, a glass fiber laid scrim can only be provided with cut glass fibers and a thread system made of synthetic fibers can only be provided with the same pieces of fiber. With the help of this manufacturing process, it is possible for the first time to incorporate precisely metered mixtures of these fibers with each other into concrete and thus achieve new properties of the products. Another advantage over the known reinforcement methods with fibers results from the fact that partial areas of a component or a plate that are particularly stressed are reinforced.
  • Glass-fiber-reinforced panels can be produced in such a way that they have a very high breaking strength, which allows, for example, nailing.
  • the edge zones of a plate that is nailed can be additionally reinforced using this method.
  • sandwich panels with a hard foam core are mentioned.
  • the rigid foam core can consist, for example, of polystyrene, polyurethane or foamed concrete, foamed concrete in particular being interesting because of its low price. If you bring e.g. A thin layer of cement mortar on polystyrene plates, in which the reinforcement structure described is embedded, creates a stable and stable plate that complements the good thermal insulation properties of the polystyrene through the reinforcement of the strength of the plate surface, without losing the easy processability by woodworking machines.
  • a board made by the method of the invention will preferably be made of cement. But there are also other binders e.g. Plaster in question.
  • the laid scrim according to the invention consists of the longitudinal or warp threads 1 and the transverse or weft threads 2. This scrim was impregnated with pressure sensitive adhesive and then exposed to a stream of fiber parts or fiber chips. The fiber parts 3 adhere to the threads of the scrim with different orientations and form a 'three-dimensional, multidirectional reinforcement structure with this. This is then incorporated into a cement paste using one of the methods already described.
  • FIG. 2 shows a cross section of a building material board produced by the method according to the invention.
  • This consists of an inner carrier layer 10 made of polyurethane foam, on which cement plates 11 reinforced according to the invention are attached on both sides.
  • the polyurethane foam layer is preferably covered with a reinforcement structure consisting of laid scrims and the fiber parts attached to them.
  • liquid cement is sprayed onto the occupied side of the polyurethane foam layer with a nozzle up to a layer thickness of a few millimeters.
  • the thickness of the polyurethane foam layer 10 is approximately one centimeter.

Abstract

Zur Herstellung von faserarmiertem Beton wird zunächst ein gitterartiges, aus Kett- und Schußfäden (1, 2) bestehendes Fadengelege hergestellt. Dieses wird beispielsweise mit Haftkleber benetzt und danach einem Strom von Fasern (3) ausgesetzt, die in unterschiedlicher Ausrichtung an dem Fadengelege haften bleiben, wodurch ein multidirektionales Armierungsgerüst, bestehend aus dem Fadengelege und den daran haftenden Armierungsfasern (3) entsteht. Zusätzlich zu oder anstelle der mit Haftkleber befestigten Fasern (3) kann auch eine Aufrauhung der Fäden des Fadengeleges vorgesehen werden. Das so entstandene Armierungsgerüst wird in Zementmassen eingearbeitet.For the production of fiber-reinforced concrete, a lattice-like laid scrim consisting of warp and weft threads (1, 2) is first produced. This is wetted with pressure-sensitive adhesive, for example, and then exposed to a stream of fibers (3) which adhere to the scrim in different orientations, creating a multidirectional reinforcement framework consisting of the scrim and the reinforcing fibers (3) adhering to it. In addition to or instead of the fibers (3) fastened with contact adhesive, the threads of the laid scrim can also be roughened. The resulting reinforcement scaffold is worked into cement masses.

Description

Die Erfindung betrifft ein Verfahren zum Herstellen von faserbewehrten Betonbauteilen, bei dem ein gitterartiges Fadengelege in Zementmassen eingearbeitet wird sowie nach diesem Verfahren hergestellte Formteile. Unter"Formteilen" sind hierbei auch Baustoffplatten zu verstehen.The invention relates to a method for producing fiber-reinforced concrete components, in which a lattice-like laid scrim is incorporated into cement masses, and to molded parts produced by this method. "Molded parts" are also to be understood here as building material panels.

Aus der DD-PS 41 435 ist ein Verfahren der eingangs genannten Art bekannt, bei dem Glasfaserstränge oder -stäbe - vorzugsweise vorgespannt - in Beton eingebettet werden. Die Glasfaserstäbe sollen dabei die übliche Metallbewehrung ersetzen. Durch Tränken mit geeigneten Harzen werden die Glasfaserstäbe gegen chemische Angriffe geschützt und gleichzeitig formbeständig gemacht. Zur Erhöhung der Haftfestigkeit zwischen Beton und Bewehrungsstab wird auf die getränkten Stäbe Quarzsand gestreut oder es werden diese mit Harz getränkten Glasfaserstränge spiralförmig umwickelt. Bei diesem Verfahren, bei dem die Glasfaserstäbe lediglich die Funktion einer Stahlbewehrung übernehmen und bei dem die auf die Glasfaserstäbe aufgestreuten Quarzkörner lediglich die Verbindung zwischen Beton und Glasfaserstab herstellen, entsteht kein multidirektionales elastisches Armierungsgitter.From DD-PS 41 435 a method of the type mentioned is known in which glass fiber strands or rods - preferably prestressed - are embedded in concrete. The glass fiber rods should replace the usual metal reinforcement. By soaking them with suitable resins, the glass fiber rods are protected against chemical attacks and at the same time made dimensionally stable. In order to increase the adhesive strength between the concrete and the reinforcement bar, quartz sand is sprinkled on the soaked bars, or glass fiber strands soaked in resin are wrapped in a spiral. In this process, in which the glass fiber rods merely function as a steel bar take over the reinforcement and where the quartz grains scattered on the glass fiber rods only create the connection between concrete and glass fiber rod, there is no multidirectional elastic reinforcement grid.

Aus der DD-PS 39 245 ist ein Bewehrungselement für Beton aus glasfaserverstärkten Plasten bekannt, bei dem zur Erhöhung der Haftfestigkeit zwischen Bewehrungselement und Beton an dem Bewehrungselement eine Körnung aus Quarzmehl und Feinsplitt angebracht wird oder das Bewehrungselement mit Profilbändern spiralförmig umwickelt wird. Auch bei Verwendung derartig behandelter Bewehrungselemente entstehen keine flexiblen multidirektionalen Armierungsgitter.From DD-PS 39 245 a reinforcement element for concrete made of glass fiber reinforced plastics is known, in which a grain of quartz powder and fine chippings is attached to the reinforcement element to increase the adhesive strength between the reinforcement element and the concrete, or the reinforcement element is spirally wrapped with profiled strips. Even when using reinforcement elements treated in this way, flexible multidirectional reinforcement grids are not created.

Aus den Unterlagen des deutschen Gebrauchsmusters 70 18 657 sind Metallarmierungsstäbe, vorzugsweise für Kunststoffteile bekannt, die Biegungen aufweisen, durch die die Bewehrungsstäbe im Kunststoff verankert werden.From the documents of the German utility model 70 18 657 metal reinforcing bars, preferably known for plastic parts, which have bends through which the reinforcing bars are anchored in the plastic.

Bei weiteren bekannten Verfahren wird als Verstärkungsfaser Asbest verwendet. Zement dient hier als hydraulisches Bindemittel, um die oft nur wenige Millimeter langen und relativ feinen Fasern zu verarbeiten. Das Verfahren erinnert an die Herstellung von Pappen. Aus einem dünnen Zementbrei bilden sich auf einer Trommel feine Asbest-Zementvliese, die übereinander laufen, bis die gewünschte Dicke erreicht ist. Sie können dann abgenommen und unter Druck verdichtet werden.In other known methods, asbestos is used as the reinforcing fiber. Cement is used here as a hydraulic binder to process the relatively fine fibers, which are often only a few millimeters long. The process is reminiscent of the manufacture of cardboards. Of a thin cement paste form on a drum fine asbestos cement fleece e, running one above the other, until the desired thickness is obtained. They can then be removed and compressed under pressure.

Dieses Verfahren kann auch bei Zugabe größter Mengen von Wasser zu dem Asbest-Zement-Gemisch erfolgreich angewandt werden. Die Bindekraft des Zementes bleibt durch die enge hydraulische Vereinigung mit mineralischen Fasern erhalten.This method can also be successfully used when large amounts of water are added to the asbestos-cement mixture. The binding power of the cement is preserved through the close hydraulic combination with mineral fibers.

Glasfasern oder synthetische Fasern lassen sich jedoch nach diesem Verfahren nicht verarbeiten. Hier geht die Bindekraft des Zementes verloren.However, glass fibers or synthetic fibers can be removed do not process this procedure. Here the binding power of the cement is lost.

Aus der DE-OS 2 409 231 Ist ein Verfahren zur Herstellung von durch anorganische Bindemittel verfestigten und durch Mineralfasern verstärkten Raumformkörpern bekannt. Bei diesem bekannten Verfahren werden mit Bindemittelleim oder Mörtel getränkte flächip-e Verstärkungsmatten, die aus künstlichen Mineralfasern bestehen,in frischem nicht abgebundenen Zustand übereinander und/oder nebeneinander gelegt, bis die gewünschte Verstärkung erreicht ist. Es ist ferner bekannt, die Verstärkungsmatten durch Zulegen von Mineralfaserbündeln aus Stapel- oder Endlosfasern gezielt in bestimmten in der Ebene der Matten liegenden Richtungen zu verstärken. Schubfeste Verbindungen zwischen den einzelnen Schichten können durch besondere Formgebung, z.B. durch eine wellenförmige Anordnung der Lagen oder durch Durchstoßen mehrerer Lagen erreicht werden, wobei an den Stanzstellen ein punktförmiges Ineinandergreifen der Schichten erzielt wird. Das Durchstanzen erfolgt zweckmäßigerweise durch Abwalzen mit einer Stachelwalze. Des weiteren können schubfeste Verbindungen der verschiedenen Fasermatten durch Vernähen mit Mineralfaserbündeln erzielt werden.DE-OS 2 409 231 discloses a process for the production of shaped articles solidified by inorganic binders and reinforced by mineral fibers. In this known method, surface-area reinforcement mats impregnated with binder glue or mortar, which consist of artificial mineral fibers, are placed one above the other and / or next to one another in the fresh, non-set state until the desired reinforcement is achieved. It is also known to reinforce the reinforcing mats in a targeted manner in certain directions lying in the plane of the mats by adding mineral fiber bundles composed of staple or continuous fibers. Shear-proof connections between the individual layers can be achieved through special shaping, e.g. can be achieved by a wave-shaped arrangement of the layers or by puncturing several layers, a punctiform interlocking of the layers being achieved at the punching points. The punching is advantageously carried out by rolling with a spiked roller. Furthermore, shear-resistant connections of the different fiber mats can be achieved by sewing with mineral fiber bundles.

Abgesehen von Stellen, an denen die Fasermatten gegenseitig vernäht oder durchstanzt sind, kann mit dem bekannten Verfahren keine Bewehrung mit senkrecht oder quer zu den Matten liegenden Bewehrungsfasern geschaffen werden. Das bedeutet, daß - bedingt durch die Natur des bekannten Verfahrens - keine multidirektionale Bewehrung mit einem hohen Feinheitsgrad geschaffen werden kann.Apart from places where the fiber mats are sewn or punched through each other, the known method cannot be used to create reinforcement with reinforcement fibers that are perpendicular or transverse to the mats. This means that - due to the nature of the known method - no multidirectional reinforcement with a high degree of fineness can be created.

Die Verarbeitung von Asbest-Fasern führt zu einigen gravierenden Nachteilen. So schränkt die geringe Bruchelastizität die Verwendbarkeit der Produkte ein und der beim Schneiden der Platten entstehende Asbeststaub wirkt extrem krebserregend.The processing of asbestos fibers leads to some serious disadvantages. The low breaking elasticity limits the usability of the products and the asbestos dust generated when cutting the panels is extremely carcinogenic.

Figure imgb0001
voneinander befinden. Dieser Abstand ist in weiten Grenzen variierbar. Er kann wenige Millimeter betragen oder in einer Größenordnung von z.B. 10 cm liegen. An dieses Fadengerüst werden erfindungsgemäß Fasern oder Gewebeschnitzel angeordnet. Dabei kann das Fadengelege aus endlosen Faserfilamenten oder. aus Stapelfaser-Garnen bestehen. Die Fasern können aus den gleichen Materialien oder aus völlig andersartigen Faserarten bestehen, wenn besondere Eigenschaften des Betons erreicht werden sollen. Auch ihre Länge ist variierbar. Sie kann von wenigen Millimetern bis zu vielen Zentimetern betragen.
Figure imgb0001
from each other. This distance can be varied within wide limits. It can be a few millimeters or in the order of magnitude of, for example, 10 cm. According to the invention, fibers or tissue chips are arranged on this thread structure. The laid scrim can consist of endless fiber filaments or. consist of staple fiber yarns. The fibers can consist of the same materials or of completely different types of fibers if special properties of the concrete are to be achieved. Their length can also be varied. It can range from a few millimeters to many centimeters.

Um zu erreichen, daß die an dem Fadengelege befestigten Bewehrungsfasern an dem Fadengelege so haften bleiben, daß sie dieses durchragen oder durchdringen, sind selbstverständlich einige Parameter des Bewehrungsgerüstes aufeinander abzustimmen: So können beispielsweise die Abstände der Fäden des Fadengeleges und die Länge der an dem Fadengelege angeordneten Fasern sowie deren Elastizität variiert werden.In order to ensure that the reinforcement fibers attached to the scrim remain adhering to the scrim so that they penetrate or penetrate it, some parameters of the reinforcement structure must of course be coordinated with one another: for example, the spacing of the threads of the scrim and the length of the threads on the scrim arranged fibers and their elasticity can be varied.

Das Verfahren ist so beschaffen, daß die aufgebrachten Fasern eine multidirektionale Anordnung erfahren, und zwar in der Ebene des Fadengerüstes und/oder aus dieser Ebene herausragen. Eine dreidimensionale Armierung kann, wenn nötig, ebenfalls erreicht werden. Dabei bleibt das aus durchgehenden Fäden und geschnittenen Fasern kombinierte Produkt an seiner Oberfläche so offen, daß es leicht von der breiigen Zementmasse z.B. in einem automatisierten Arbeitsgang umschlossen werden kann.The method is such that the applied fibers experience a multidirectional arrangement, namely in the plane of the thread structure and / or protrude from this plane. If necessary, three-dimensional reinforcement can also be achieved. The product combined from continuous threads and cut fibers remains so open on its surface that it is easily separated from the pulpy cement mass e.g. can be enclosed in an automated process.

Gemäß einer vorteilhaften Ausführungsform der Erfindung werden unkontrollierte Faseranhäufungen an dem Fadengelege dadurch vermieden, daß das Fadengelege zunächst mit einem Kleber versehen wird und dann einem Strom von herabfallenden Fasern ausgesetzt wird, die dann mit unterschiedlicher, willkürlicher Ausrichtung an dem Fadengelege haften bleiben. Nicht haftende Fasern fallen wieder ab. Von Zementmassen schwer durchdringbare Fasermassierungen werden vermieden.
Dabei kann nach einer anderen Verfahrensweise ein Luftstrem unterstützend wirken.According to an advantageous embodiment of the invention, uncontrolled accumulations of fibers on the scrim are avoided by first providing the scrim with an adhesive and then exposing it to a stream of falling fibers, which then have different, arbitrary orientations on the thread put stuck. Non-stick fibers fall off again. Fiber masses that are difficult to penetrate by cement masses are avoided.
According to a different procedure, an air flow can have a supporting effect.

Eine weitere Verfahrensvariante sieht vor, Walzen anzuordnen, um die am Gitter liegenden Faserstücke anzurauhen und damit Fasern oder Faserteile aus der Ebene dieses Flächengebildes herauszuheben und dann mit einem fixierenden Mittel zu verfestigen. Dies kann auf einfache Weise mit einem dünn eingestellten Flüssigbeton erfolgen oder mit handelsüblichen Klebern z.B. auf Kunststoffbasis. Die Verfestigung kann durch Besprühen, durch einen Tauchvorgang oder durch Aufrakeln erfolgen. Dieses Verfahren wird besonders dann angewendet, wenn ein Zusammendrücken des voluminösen Armierungsgerüstes im nachfolgenden Arbeitsprozeß vermieden werden soll.Another method variant provides for arranging rollers in order to roughen the fiber pieces lying on the grid and thus to lift fibers or fiber parts out of the plane of this flat structure and then to solidify them with a fixing agent. This can be done easily with a thinly set liquid concrete or with commercially available adhesives e.g. on a plastic basis. The solidification can take place by spraying, by dipping or by doctoring. This method is used in particular when compression of the voluminous reinforcement structure is to be avoided in the subsequent work process.

Das Herstellungsverfahren für das Armierungsgerüst ist nicht an eine bestimmte Faserart gebunden. Es können Glasfilamente verwendet werden, deren hohe Festigkeit sich durch die Einflüsse des Zementes nicht verändern. Es kommen aber auch synthetische Garne, etwa aus Polypropylen infrage, die vor allem die Berstfestigkeit des Betons verbessern. Eine Kombination von Baustahlgittern oder Maschendraht mit Fasern oder Gewebeschnitzeln bzw. Gewebestreifen ist ebenfalls möglich oder der Einsatz von natürlichen Fasern, wie z.B. Sisal. Selbst solche Fasern, die den aggressiven Medien des Zementes nicht standhalten, kommen für das Gittergerüst infrage, wenn die aufgebrachten Fasern diese Beständigkeit besitzen.The manufacturing process for the reinforcement structure is not tied to a specific type of fiber. Glass filaments can be used, the high strength of which does not change due to the influences of the cement. However, synthetic yarns, for example made of polypropylene, are also suitable, which above all improve the burst strength of the concrete. A combination of structural steel grids or wire mesh with fibers or fabric chips or fabric strips is also possible or the use of natural fibers, e.g. Sisal. Even those fibers that cannot withstand the aggressive media of the cement are suitable for the lattice structure if the fibers applied have this resistance.

Auch die geschnittenen Fasern oder Garne, die die Eigenschaften des Armierungsgerüstes ergänzen sollen, können aus der erwähnten Glasfaserart, aus Polyamiden und anderen synthetischen Fasern oder aus Stahlfasern oder Draht bestehen. Es kommt nicht darauf an, daß z.B. ein Glasfaser-Fadengelege nur mit geschnittenen Glasfasern versehen werden kann und ein Fadensystem aus synthetischen Fasern nur mit gleichen Faserstücken. Mit Hilfe dieses Herstellungsverfahrens wird es erstmals möglich, genau dosierte Mischungen dieser Fasern untereinander in Beton einzuarbeiten und damit neue Eigenschaften der Produkte zu erzielen. Ein weiterer Vorteil gegenüber den bekannten Armierungsverfahren mit Fasern ergibt sich dadurch, daß Teilbereiche eines Bauteils oder einer Platte verstärkt werden, die besonders beansprucht sind. Glasfaserarmierte Platten lassen sich so herstellen, daß eine sehr hohe Bruchfestigkeit gegeben ist, die z.B. ein Nageln erlaubt. Die Randzonen einer Platte, die genagelt wird, lassen sich nach diesem Verfahren zusätzlich verstärken. Ähnliches gilt für Formteile, die sich durch das flexible Armierungsgerüst leicht herstellen lassen und die in den Zonen, in denen sie besonderen Zug- oder Stcßbelastungen ausgesetzt sind, entsprechend stark armiert werden können.The cut fibers or yarns, which are intended to supplement the properties of the reinforcement structure, can also be made from the glass fiber type mentioned, from polyamides and other synthetic fibers or from steel fibers or wire consist. It is not important that, for example, a glass fiber laid scrim can only be provided with cut glass fibers and a thread system made of synthetic fibers can only be provided with the same pieces of fiber. With the help of this manufacturing process, it is possible for the first time to incorporate precisely metered mixtures of these fibers with each other into concrete and thus achieve new properties of the products. Another advantage over the known reinforcement methods with fibers results from the fact that partial areas of a component or a plate that are particularly stressed are reinforced. Glass-fiber-reinforced panels can be produced in such a way that they have a very high breaking strength, which allows, for example, nailing. The edge zones of a plate that is nailed can be additionally reinforced using this method. The same applies to molded parts that can be easily manufactured using the flexible reinforcement framework and that can be reinforced accordingly in the zones in which they are exposed to particular tensile or impact loads.

Als weiteres Anwendungsbeispiel seien Sandwichplatten mit einem Hartschaumkern erwähnt. Der Hartschaumkern kann beispielsweise aus Polystyrol, Polyurethan oder geschäumtem Beton bestehen, wobei vor allem geschäumter Beton weren seines geringen Preises interessant ist. Bringt man z.B. auf Polystyrolplatten eine dünne Schicht Zementmörtel auf, in die das beschriebene Armierungsgerüst eingebettet ist, so entsteht eine stabile und tragfähige Platte, die die guten wärmedämmenden Eigenschaften des Polystyrols durch die Armierung erzielte Festigkeit der Plattenoberfläche ergänzt, ohne die leichte Verarbeitbarkeit durch Holzbearbeitungsmaschinen zu verlieren.As another application example, sandwich panels with a hard foam core are mentioned. The rigid foam core can consist, for example, of polystyrene, polyurethane or foamed concrete, foamed concrete in particular being interesting because of its low price. If you bring e.g. A thin layer of cement mortar on polystyrene plates, in which the reinforcement structure described is embedded, creates a stable and stable plate that complements the good thermal insulation properties of the polystyrene through the reinforcement of the strength of the plate surface, without losing the easy processability by woodworking machines.

Eine nach dem Verfahren der Erfindung hergestellte Platte wird vorzugsweise aus Zement hergestellt sein. Es kommen aber auch andere Binder z.B. Gips in Frage.A board made by the method of the invention will preferably be made of cement. But there are also other binders e.g. Plaster in question.

Eine Baustoffplatte mit ausgezeichneter Wärmedämmung und gleichzeitig sehr großer mechanischer Festigkeit ergibt sich, wenn gemäß einer besonders vorteilhaften Ausführungsform der Erfindung die Baustoffplatte eine Innenschicht aus Polyrethanschaum enthält.A building material panel with excellent thermal insulation and at the same time very high mechanical strength when, according to a particularly advantageous embodiment of the invention, the building material panel contains an inner layer made of polyrethane foam.

Die Erfindung wird im folgenden anhand von in den Figuren schematisch dargestellten Ausführungsbeispielen näher erläutert.
Es zeigt:

  • Firur 1 ein Armierungsgerüst gemäß der Erfindung in perspektivischer Ansicht
  • Figur 2 eine Baustoffplatte mit einer Innenschicht aus Polyurethanschaum.
The invention is explained in more detail below on the basis of exemplary embodiments shown schematically in the figures.
It shows:
  • Firur 1 a reinforcement frame according to the invention in a perspective view
  • Figure 2 shows a building material panel with an inner layer made of polyurethane foam.

Das Fadengelege gemäß der Erfindung besteht aus den Längs-oder Kettfäden 1 und den Quer- oder Schußfäden 2. Dieses Gelege wurde mit Haftkleber getränkt und danach einem Strom von Faserteilen oder Faserschnitzeln ausgesetzt. Die Faserteile 3 haften mit unterschiedlicher Ausrichtung an den Fäden des Fadengeleges und bilden mit diesem ein' dreidimensionales, multidirektionales Armierungsgerüst. Dieses wird anschließend nach einem der bereits geschilderten Verfahren in eine Zementmasse eingearbeitet.The laid scrim according to the invention consists of the longitudinal or warp threads 1 and the transverse or weft threads 2. This scrim was impregnated with pressure sensitive adhesive and then exposed to a stream of fiber parts or fiber chips. The fiber parts 3 adhere to the threads of the scrim with different orientations and form a 'three-dimensional, multidirectional reinforcement structure with this. This is then incorporated into a cement paste using one of the methods already described.

Figur 2 zeigt eine nach dem Verfahren gemäß der Erfindung hergestellte Baustoffplatte im Querschnitt. Diese besteht aus einer inneren Trägerschicht 10 aus Polyurethanschaum, auf der beidseitig erfindungsgemäß armierte Zementplatten 11 angebracht sind. Zur Herstellung dieser Platte wird vorzugsweise die Polyurethanschaumschicht mit einem aus Fadengelege und den daran befestigten Faserteilen bestehenden Armierungsgerüst belegt. Danach wird auf die belegte Seite der Polyurethanschaumschicht mit einer Düse Flüssigzement bis zu einer Schichtdicke von wenigen Millimetern aufgesprüht. Die Dicke der Polyurethanschaumschicht 10 liegt größenordnungsmäßig bei einem Zentimeter.FIG. 2 shows a cross section of a building material board produced by the method according to the invention. This consists of an inner carrier layer 10 made of polyurethane foam, on which cement plates 11 reinforced according to the invention are attached on both sides. For the production of this plate, the polyurethane foam layer is preferably covered with a reinforcement structure consisting of laid scrims and the fiber parts attached to them. Afterwards, liquid cement is sprayed onto the occupied side of the polyurethane foam layer with a nozzle up to a layer thickness of a few millimeters. The thickness of the polyurethane foam layer 10 is approximately one centimeter.

Claims (12)

1. Verfahren zum Herstellen von faserbewehrten Betonbauteilen, bei dem ein gitterartiges Fadengelege in Zementmassen eingearbeitet wird, dadurch gekennzeichnet, daß das Fadengelege mit Haftkleber getränkt und einem Strom von Fasern ausgesetzt wird, die mit ihrer Länge das Fadengelege teilweise durchdringend an ihm haften bleiben.1. A method for producing fiber-reinforced concrete components, in which a lattice-like scrim is incorporated into cement masses, characterized in that the scrim is impregnated with pressure-sensitive adhesive and exposed to a stream of fibers which, with their length, partially adhere to the scrim. 2. Verfahren nach Anspruch 1, dadurch gekennzeichnet, daß die Fasern mit Hilfe eines Luftstromes dem mit Haftkleber bearbeiteten Fadengelege zugeführt werden.2. The method according to claim 1, characterized in that the fibers are fed with the help of an air stream to the thread scrim processed with pressure sensitive adhesive. 3. Verfahren nach Anspruch 1, dadurch gekennzeichnet, daß die Fäden des Fadengeleges aufgerauht werden.3. The method according to claim 1, characterized in that the threads of the scrim are roughened. 4. Verfahren nach Anspruch 1, dadurch gekennzeichnet, daß als Fasern und/oder als Fadengelege Streifen aus gewebtem oder gewirktem Material verwendet werden.4. The method according to claim 1, characterized in that strips of woven or knitted material are used as fibers and / or as laid scrims. 5. Verfahren nach Anspruch 1, dadurch gekennzeichnet, daß das mit den Fasern versehene Fadengelege in einen dünnflüssigen, sich verfestigenden Zementbrei eingebettet wird.5. The method according to claim 1, characterized in that the fiber layer provided with the fibers is embedded in a thin, solidifying cement paste. 6. Verfahren nach Anspruch 1, dadurch gekennzeichnet, daß das mit den Fasern versehene Fadengelege mit Flüssigbeton übersprüht und vorfixiert wird.6. The method according to claim 1, characterized in that the fiber layer provided with the fibers is sprayed with liquid concrete and pre-fixed. 7. Formteil aus Zement, gekennzeichnet durch mindestens ein gitterartiges Fadengelege mit quer oder schräg zur Gitterfläche gerichteten Fasern.7. molded part made of cement, characterized by at least one lattice-like scrim with fibers oriented transversely or obliquely to the lattice surface. 8. Formteil nach Anspruch 7, dadurch gekennzeichnet, daß das Fadengelege und/oder die Faserteile aus synthetischen Garnen, vorzugsweise faserverstärktem Kunststoff, bestehen.8. Shaped part according to claim 7, characterized in that the scrim and / or the fiber parts consist of synthetic yarns, preferably fiber-reinforced plastic. 9. Formteil nach Anspruch 7, dadurch gekennzeichnet, daß das Fadengelege und/oder die Faserteile aus natürlichen Fasern, wie Sisal, bestehen.9. Molding according to claim 7, characterized in that the scrim and / or the fiber parts consist of natural fibers such as sisal. 10.Formteil nach Anspruch 7, dadurch gekennzeichnet, daß das Fadengelege und/oder die Faserteile aus Stahlfasern bestehen.10. Shaped part according to claim 7, characterized in that the scrim and / or the fiber parts consist of steel fibers. 11.Formteil nach Anspruch 8, dadurch gekennzeichnet, daß es plattenförmig ist und eine Innenschicht aus Polyurethanschaum enthält.11. Shaped part according to claim 8, characterized in that it is plate-shaped and contains an inner layer made of polyurethane foam. 12.Formteil nach Anspruch 8, dadurch gekennzeichnet, daß es zusätzlich eine an sich bekannte Metallarmierung enthält.12. Shaped part according to claim 8, characterized in that it additionally contains a metal reinforcement known per se.
EP78101501A 1977-12-02 1978-12-01 Method of manufacturing fibre-reinforced concrete structural elements and structural elements manufactured according to this method Expired EP0002267B1 (en)

Applications Claiming Priority (2)

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DE2753858 1977-02-12
DE2753858A DE2753858C3 (en) 1977-12-02 1977-12-02 Process for the production of fiber-reinforced concrete moldings and moldings produced by this process

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EP0002267A1 true EP0002267A1 (en) 1979-06-13
EP0002267B1 EP0002267B1 (en) 1980-12-10

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EP0122995A1 (en) * 1982-10-05 1984-10-31 Frank Brian Mercer Strengthening a matrix
EP0172028A2 (en) * 1984-08-16 1986-02-19 Mitsui Kensetsu Kabushiki Kaisha Fibre reinforced inorganic body
EP0183526A1 (en) * 1984-11-28 1986-06-04 Permanent Formwork Limited Improvements in fibre reinforced cement
EP0547984A1 (en) * 1991-12-19 1993-06-23 PATURLE COMPOSITES, société anonyme dite: Profile made of composite material for reinforcing walls, concrete or for consolidating ground, and method for manufacturing the same
EP0628117A1 (en) * 1992-02-25 1994-12-14 Hexcel Fyfe L L C Fabric reinforced concrete columns.
IT201700080359A1 (en) * 2017-07-17 2019-01-17 Plastiron Srls STRUCTURAL REINFORCEMENT NETWORK AND HYDRAULIC BINDERS INCLUDING THIS NETWORK

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IE49426B1 (en) * 1980-03-18 1985-10-02 Tegral Technology Ltd Method of making asbestos-free,glass fibre reinforced,cement composite products and the products of such method
DE3325879A1 (en) * 1982-07-27 1984-02-02 Karl 6078 Neu-Isenburg Karner Reinforcing lattice made of various materials
US4662946A (en) * 1982-10-05 1987-05-05 Mercer Frank B Strengthening a matrix
DE4002601C2 (en) * 1990-01-30 2002-08-29 Krueger & Schuette Kerapid Prefabricated, transportable, self-supporting component such as plate, wall or molded part
US5888608A (en) * 1995-08-15 1999-03-30 The Board Of Trustees Of The Leland Stanford Junior University Composite grid/frame structures
DE69725284T2 (en) * 1996-01-15 2004-08-19 Hourahane, Donald Henry, Horizon Park REINFORCEMENT FOR CONCRETE PARTS AND REINFORCED CONCRETE PARTS
DE19705180C2 (en) * 1997-02-11 2003-06-12 Ispo Gmbh Armierungsgewebe
DE19808078A1 (en) * 1998-02-21 1999-09-16 Holzmann Philipp Ag Mat consisting preferably of metal parts to form load-bearing and sealing concrete parts
US6976345B2 (en) * 1999-04-05 2005-12-20 Firouzeh Keshmiri Cementitious based structural lumber product and externally reinforced lightweight retaining wall system
US6911077B2 (en) * 2002-09-25 2005-06-28 The Intertech Group, Inc. Fiber reinforced cementitious material
WO2005085545A1 (en) 2004-03-03 2005-09-15 Gert Wagener Reinforcing rod for mineral building material
AU2005244578B2 (en) * 2004-12-16 2012-03-15 The Austral Brick Company Pty Ltd Reinforced cementitious material product and method of manufacture of the same
DE102008040919A1 (en) * 2008-08-01 2010-02-04 MAX BÖGL Fertigteilwerke GmbH & Co. KG Concrete component manufacturing method for e.g. ceiling lining, involves concrete-casting textile material soaked with polymer in concrete component in unhardened condition, such that polymer is mixed with concrete in compound zone
PT2981659T (en) * 2013-04-04 2017-12-26 Bekaert Sa Nv A masonry reinforcement structure comprising parallel cords
FR3028447B1 (en) * 2014-11-14 2017-01-06 Hutchinson CELLULAR THERMOSETTING MATRIX COMPOSITE PANEL, METHOD OF MANUFACTURING AND SHAPED WALL COATING STRUCTURE OF PANEL ASSEMBLY
WO2020053008A1 (en) * 2018-09-13 2020-03-19 Nv Bekaert Sa Hybrid reinforced layer of sprayed concrete
AU2019240725B1 (en) * 2019-10-07 2020-08-27 Duy Huu Nguyen Fiber-reinforced concrete – guided distribution methods for fibers in conventional construction

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Also Published As

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AT359902B (en) 1980-12-10
DE2753858B2 (en) 1980-03-06
DE2753858A1 (en) 1979-06-07
CA1089669A (en) 1980-11-18
ATA855778A (en) 1980-04-15
EP0002267B1 (en) 1980-12-10
DE2860319D1 (en) 1981-02-19
US4257993A (en) 1981-03-24
DE2753858C3 (en) 1980-10-23

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