EP0071213A2 - Laminated article for construction purposes, and its application - Google Patents

Abstract

1. Laminated article for construction purposes containing at least one non-woven textile layer and a granular material, characterised in that a layer (5) of granular particles of building materials (6), such as sand, gravel, binder such as chalk, gypsum, cement or mixtures of these, is disposed and secured between an under-layer (3) and a covering layer (2), of which at least the one contains fibres or threads and which are needled together through the particle layer.

Description

The invention relates to a laminated body for construction purposes according to the preamble of claim 1 and its use.

Erosion protection mats are known in which there is a loose, voluminous, needled random fiber layer, which is connected on one side with a dense, thin non-woven fabric, fabric or knitted fabric as an underlayer (DE-OS 23 21 362). After filling the spaces between the fibers in the tangled fiber layer with sand, gravel or earth, such mats are used to cover earth surfaces, e.g. Embankments. Dimensional stability of the tangled fiber layer is achieved by gluing the fibers at their crossing points. However, a granular filling is only retained by the thin underlay, so that the mat is practically open on one side so that the sand or the like can be filled in. It is therefore comparable to an open pot. Conversely, of course, the sand can fall out on the open side, which means that the known mat with the filling can only be transported, if at all, with the risk of filling losses. For this reason, the mat can only be filled at its place of use, which also e.g. also because of the very crimped fibers of the tangled fiber layer with aids such as vibrating.

Also known are sandbags made of woven or non-woven materials that are used in hydraulic engineering, e.g. used as seals or the like. (DE-OS 27 47 507). The disadvantage here, however, is that the sand is unbound and therefore uneven due to its free-flowing properties if the bag is not filled to the brim, but this is expensive.

The invention is therefore based on the object of creating a generic laminate which can not only be transported without loss of filling, but also uniformly sige distribution of the granular material should enable and can be formed in any shape and / or shape.

This object is solved by the subject matter of claim 1. By needling the backing layer and the top layer, the intermediate particle layer is uniformly interspersed with fibers or threads that extend through the particle layer and hold the particles in place. Thus, for example, there is a dry layered body which has its own cohesion due to the needling and in which the granular particles are completely enclosed. The particles are therefore held in an advantageous manner from all sides as in chambers, that is to say, the needling forms chambers which are delimited by the cover layer, the underlayer and the holding fibers. In addition, the pressure, which arises in particular as a result of the needling when the fibers of the cover layer are incorporated in the base layer, can advantageously result in the particles being retained. This results in a laminate which can be handled in any manner, in particular can also be turned over, without the particles falling out of it. The body can therefore be used, transported, attached in any position, ie horizontally or vertically, etc. The granular particles of the building materials or constituent parts thereof according to the invention now have properties in terms of their material which actually speak against needling. It is known that sand, gravel, hydraulic binders such as lime, gypsum or cement or mixtures thereof can be present as building materials. Such granular particles may, therefore, a brittle character and / or from _- have rasive properties, they can also be strongly alkaline and, for example, comprise a conventional needle punching needles upon impact indestructible strength. However, it has surprisingly been found that the cover layer and the underlayer are used with conventional needling techniques, such as, for example consists of a non-woven fabric.

Laminated body according to claim 12, characterized in that the laminated body (1) is needled both from the cover layer (2) and from the underlay layer (3).

Laminated body according to one of the preceding claims, characterized in that the cover layer (2) and the underlayer (3) are needled to one another over the entire surface of the laminated body (1).

Laminate according to one of the preceding claims, characterized in that the particles (6) are patterned, e.g. are arranged in strips, leaving particle-free locations (12) between them.

Laminated body according to one of claims 1-11 and 14 or 15, characterized in that the underlayer (3) consists of a fabric web or a nonwoven fabric.

Laminated body according to one of claims 1-11 and 14 or 15, characterized in that the underlayer (3) consists of a fiber-free material.

Laminated body according to claim 17, characterized in that the underlayer (3) consists of a film (7), in particular a preferably tough plastic film.

Laminated body according to one of claims 16 - 18, characterized in that the underlayer (3) has depressions (8) which e.g. are well-shaped or elongated.

Laminated body according to claim 19, characterized in that the particles (6) are in particular arranged only in the depressions (8).

Laminated body according to claim 19 or 20, characterized in that the holding fibers (4) removed from the cover layer (2) penetrate the underlay layer (3) at the recess-free locations (9).

Laminated body according to one of claims 19 to 21, characterized in that the holding fibers (4) penetrate the underlayer (3) also in the region of the depressions (8).

Laminate according to one of the preceding claims, characterized in that at least the cover layer (2) contains textile fibers or threads, glass fibers or threads or rock wool fibers.

Laminate according to one of the preceding claims, characterized in that a needling density of 20-200 punctures / cm2 is present.

Use of the laminated body according to one of the preceding claims as a weight mat.

Use of the laminated body according to claim 26, characterized in that it is placed on the sealing layer or film of a flat roof.

Use of the laminated body according to claim 25, characterized in that several layers of the laminated body are used one above the other as a barricade.

Use of the laminated body according to one of claims 1-24, for depositing on driveways and / or sidewalks.

Use according to claim 28, characterized in that the moisture of the material present under the laminate, such as clay, mud or the like, is used to moisten the binders present in the laminate.

Water to be set. Laminated bodies can thus be produced from cement, ie cement laminated bodies. _L IE gene in the inventive composite, for example, needled fibers or filaments, that is, holding fibers or filaments before, have the cement adsorptive properties, they may bound to the hydraulic binder, and thus present in the set cement, such as the type of Moniereisens. Such cement adsorptive fibers can be, for example, natural fibers, such as cellulose sisal or coconut fibers, polyester fibers or the like.

It is also possible to use cement-incompatible fiber material so that it cannot bond to the cement when it sets. This leaves areas separated by the holding fibers or threads, corresponding to the granular particles, with hardened concrete pieces which are essentially loosely connected to one another between the adhesive holding fibers or threads. Such adhesive fibers can e.g. Be polypropylene fibers. The laminated body with the set cement then has sufficient flexibility because of the unbound fibers or threads, so that it e.g. can be rolled up as a mat. However, the hardness and strength can also be lower in such a laminated body, so that, depending on the choice of the fiber material and / or the particle layer, a laminated body can be produced in the desired manner.

The laminated body according to the invention can thus be manufactured industrially, including its inner layer, and can be delivered to the place where it is needed. There, for example on a building site or on a building object, it can be used for a construction purpose accordingly and, for example, as it was delivered. It can be prepared not only for weighting and / or insulation purposes, but also with the addition of liquid to set the layer of granular particles directly at the site of the construction project for the desired construction purpose. This eliminates the need for costly warehousing or a call-up of desired bodies or body shapes, because the laminated bodies can now be supplied with a certain granular material as an inner layer, for example to a construction site and optionally used there or prepared for use. So the laminate as insulation, lining, manufacture of floors or ceilings or the like. can be used after it has been mixed with a liquid for setting or an appropriate binding agent. Thus, it is readily possible to use a laminate for repairing industrial floors if the same is provided, for example, as a mat or with a particle layer which can cure, for example, with epoxy resins or synthetic resin mortar as a binder. But you can also use a mat with cement particles for touching up, so that in one embodiment according to the invention, for example, a cement plaster can be obtained. Here, in turn, there is an advantageous possibility, for example, of cutting off a corresponding section from a web depending on the size of the point to be repaired.

Another advantageous application is to use a laminate according to the invention as a screed substitute. If such a laminated body is in the form of a web, and the inner layer consists of a mixture of e.g. Sand and cement, such a layered body can be placed on the still moist surface of a concrete ceiling or the like, where it then connects directly to this concrete ceiling when it sets. If a laminate is provided, the top layer of which is made of a hard-wearing material, e.g. Synthetic fibers exist, so this laminate can already serve as a floor covering. In addition, it is of course still possible to apply synthetic resin to this laminated body, so that, depending on the amount of synthetic resin applied, an essentially closed surface of the floor covering results.

However, it is also possible to produce, for example, strip-shaped laminated bodies and to use them as joint seals, for example. _M an can, for example, produce a mat-shaped laminate and then cut it into strips. Due to the needling of the cover layer with the underlay layer, holding fibers are also present at the cut edges transversely to the plane of the cover layer and thus prevent the granular particles from trickling out of the inner layer.

A laminated body according to the invention can, however, also advantageously be used to close lines, such as water pipes, power cables, etc., through wall or ceiling openings, so that in the event of a fire, through these openings, on the one hand, no smoke can pass through, and on the other hand, the fire can be broken through by one Space in the other or from one floor to the other can be prevented. In particular, when the lines of an under heat to verformendem material such as made of thermoplastic materials, it is advantageous if the layer body adjacent denu ^g austoffen existing particles still contain particles which expand under the effect of heat and the wall or ceiling opening and then close it completely if, for example, the plastic tube has already melted. Such a layered body, for example containing sand, can then be hardened, for example, by means of water glass.

For water protection, mat-like laminated bodies hardened with sand and containing sand can also be wrapped around steel girders, it also being possible for several layers of laminated bodies to be arranged one above the other. In the event of a fire, this laminate keeps the heat generated during the fire directly away from this steel girder. If a steel girder surrounded by a laminate is sprayed with water when the fire brigade arrives, this steel girder can be kept cool longer. Compared to the normal spraying of a steel beam with water, a fiber and sand-containing laminate is now obtained around the beam, which means that the water is in larger quantities on the Surface of the steel beam can remain. With the previously used, uncoated steel girders, the extinguishing water always ran off very quickly, which is why it was necessary, if a specific girder was to be retained in its function, to spray it continuously, usually from several water pipes, with water.

A laminated body according to the invention is advantageously suitable for the quick, cheap construction of makeshift huts, e.g. in disaster areas. Mat or sheet-shaped laminate bodies which are at least connected to one another can be placed over a carrier skeleton. The carrier skeleton can also be produced from laminates according to the invention, which e.g. contain a binder in addition to sand and then, if necessary, hardened around molded iron. Depending on the application and in particular on the stability of the carrier skeleton, loam, clay or the like can also be applied to the mat-shaped laminate.

The backing layer of the laminated body according to the invention can be made of a fiber-free material, e.g. a film such as plastic film, e.g. are made of polyethylene or polypropylene. However, this underlayer can also be formed from a spun bond or a nonwoven fabric.

It is only important for the underlayer that it can be passively needled with the holding fibers removed from the top layer.

The cover layer is advantageously a fiber or filament nonwoven that can itself be actively needled. The holding fibers or threads used in needling then advantageously come from this cover layer. In order to achieve sufficient strength between the cover layer and the underlay layer and thus the layered body with the enclosed particle layer, the layer contains actively needles Layer, for example, long fibers with a stack length of preferably 60-150 mm. The layers are preferably needled together over the entire length of the layered body, so that a needling density of approximately 20-200 punctures / cm 2 is present.

According to one embodiment, the base layer can have depressions which are cup-shaped or elongated. These depressions are filled with the particles, these particles preferably lying only in the depressions. It is then e.g. a mat in front of which the cup-like depressions protrude like knobs. These knobs can either be used as a non-slip back, whereby they advantageously grip the base layer, such as the underlying ground or the like, if you use such a mat e.g. used as a walking mat or the like, or you can also use the knobs upwards as an anti-slip, e.g. use a walk-on surface.

The particles present in the depressions can be unbound or e.g. after adding water beforehand. Such a mat can still be bent around the webs present between the depressions, e.g. can also be rolled up, sections can also advantageously be cut off from a rolled-up mat. The result is e.g. a rollable concrete mat that can also be divided as "concrete by the meter".

Laminates provided with the particle material can be used as concrete or cement fleece, as a reinforcement layer, floor covering, wall coverings or the like. However, it is also possible, for example, to moisten the needled laminate and to convert it into another desired, for example corrugated form or the like in the moist form. With the laminated body according to the invention, if it is, for example, in the form of a mat, a layer can be produced which isolates at the same time has the and soundproofing character. The layer thickness can of course be increased by laying the mats on top of one another. Such mats can rest on their own weight, so that gluing to the underlay can be omitted. Due to the fiber or thread-containing cover layer, the layered body has, for example, a surface that takes away the appearance of a hardened concrete or cement body. The fibers themselves can also be colored so that colored laminated bodies can be produced.

If the laminate lies e.g. in the form of a mat, the fibers, e.g. in concrete, e.g. To be able to glue facade panels better on the concrete surface. But you can also nail a wooden structure to the mat and place plaster or spray on it, or, if the laminate itself contains a plaster mixture, form it as a plaster layer. This advantageously avoids cracks and warping.

You can make or cut or measure the mats in given paths or shapes. This enables, for example, a new type of production, which also results in the production of certain effects, patterns or formwork. Nailing, covering or gluing walls with such mats results in improved sound insulation, thermal insulation and / or impact resistance. With appropriately colored fibers, the mats can also be used as wallpaper at the same time. Due to the construction of the laminated body according to the invention, holes or slots can be cut into it without tearing open further. If, for example, thermoplastic fibers are used in the cover layer, such holes can also be welded through the laminate, the thermoplastic fibers being welded into the hole walls. As a result, such holes are also watertight. As a result of its structure, the laminated body according to the invention is also flame-retardant, which can be reinforced by using appropriate fiber material.

Although the particles can also have a grain size of 30 mm, those with a grain size of 0.02-2 mm are preferably used, which then have a basis weight of e.g. 4 - 12 kg / m2 are available. If sand is used, it can be any sand, e.g. Quartz sand, clay sand or the like. However, it is also possible to use gravel or stones or a mixture thereof as the granular particles. This way you have it in your hand, e.g. to produce any type of laminate.

Textile fibers or threads are preferably used for the cover layer, which can consist of natural or synthetic material.

Further details and advantages of the invention emerge from the subclaims and from the exemplary embodiments described below with reference to the drawing. In the drawing, partial areas of laminated bodies according to the invention are shown schematically and enlarged in section.

• Figur 1 eine erste Ausführungsform eines Schichtkörpers, bei dem beide Deckschichten aus einem Faservlies bestehen und die Partikel gleichmässig verteilt sind;
• Figur 2 eine zweite Ausführungsform des Schichtkörpers, bei dem die eine Deckschicht mit näpfchenartigen Vertiefungen versehen ist, in der sich die Partikel befinden;
• Figur 3 eine dritte Ausführungsform, bei der die Partikel streifenförmig in dem Schichtkörper angeordnet sind und
• Figur 4 eine vierte Ausführungsform, bei der der Schichtkörper gemäss Figur 3 von zwei Seiten her vernadelt ist.

It shows:

• Figure 1 shows a first embodiment of a laminated body, in which both cover layers consist of a nonwoven fabric and the particles are evenly distributed;
• Figure 2 shows a second embodiment of the laminated body, in which the one top layer is provided with cup-like depressions in which the particles are located;
• Figure 3 shows a third embodiment in which the particles are arranged in strips in the laminated body and
• FIG. 4 shows a fourth embodiment in which the laminated body according to FIG. 3 is needled from two sides.

A laminated body 1 has a cover layer 2, which can be actively needled here and consists of a nonwoven fabric. A backsheet 3, which is at least passively vernadelbar is taken out of the covering layer 2 _H old fibers 4 are held against the cover layer. 2 A layer 5 of granular particles 6 is arranged between the cover layer 2 and the underlayer 3. The two layers 2 and 3 are needled together through this particle layer 5. The needling can be carried out by a known in the Nadelfilztechnologie needle method as described by R. Kr ^g ma in the "Handbook of nonwovens", German publishing house, Frankfurt 1970, pp 198, for example - described 202. In this technology, felting needles with a triangular needle shaft and lateral barbs directed towards the tip are most commonly used for needling. Other shapes are also common, such as fork needles or loop needles. The sewing needles mentioned in the aforementioned book can also be used accordingly for needling the laminated body. When piercing the fiber layer 2, the felting needles grasp individual or tufts of fibers 4 from this fiber layer and interweave them with the underlay layer 3. For this purpose, the fiber layer 2 must be actively needled, ie fibers should be able to be detected from this layer, a portion of these fibers 4 still being anchored in layer 2.

The needling process not only connects the two layers 2 and 3 to one another, it also prevents the granular particles 6 of the layer 5 from shifting laterally by the holding fibers 4 which are distributed throughout the entire surface of the layer body 1. This makes it possible to cut the laminate into any shape without the rock particles dropping out of the cut edge in significant quantities.

However, the sheet-like body 1 produced in sheet form can also be divided into individual, commercially available sizes by means of separation welding. If thermoplastic fibers are used, the edges of the individual pieces can also be solidified by welding. If necessary, a strip of thermoplastic material, not shown, is welded in a U-shape under the action of pressure and heat in the region of the edge, as a result of which the laminated body 1 is given a more pleasing appearance.

In these exemplary embodiments, the layer 5 of granular particles 6 consists of rock particles of small grain size, e.g. made of sand, which by definition has a grain size of 0.02 - 2 mm. However, according to embodiments not shown, it is also possible to use coarse sand and even gravel and granular chippings, provided that they do not completely prevent the felting needles from being pierced. In addition to the sand and instead of it, this layer 5 can also contain binder particles, in particular in powder form (and therefore not shown in the drawing for reasons of clarity) such as cement, plaster, lime or the like.

As can be seen from the drawing, the underlayer 3 can consist of different materials. The backing layer 3 should not splinter when the needles are pierced and should the pierced holding fibers 4, e.g. elastic, hold, e.g. by clamping or interlacing, i.e. the underlayer 3 should be passively needled.

Suitable for this are, for example, plastic films made of soft elastic material (compare, for example, FIG. 2), fiber layers in sufficient density, which are further compressed and matted by the needle process themselves, so that they retain the particles, and also adhesively bound fiber composites. The base layer can also be actively needled, which allows the layered body 1 to be additionally needled, as shown in FIG. 4, from the opposite side. According to one not shown Embodiment is placed on a plastic film or the like. As a base layer 3, another actively needled fiber layer and then the laminated body 1 needled from both sides. According to a special embodiment, the fiber layer, whether as a top layer 2 or as a base layer 3, is precompressed by separate needling, this fiber layer can also be pre-needled onto a carrier layer, such as a plastic film, a fiber composite or the like, around which To facilitate handling in the manufacture of the laminated body and / or to prevent the leakage of fine powdery particles before needling the laminated body.

A wide variety of fibers can be used as the fiber material for the nonwoven, depending on the specific application. It can be natural as well as synthetic fibers. Suitable synthetic fibers are polypropylene or polyether fibers, which can be thermoformed, welded or cut. If value is placed on a particularly absorbent laminate, the fiber fleece can contain fibers made of wool, cotton, rayon or viscose. In order to produce a wet-formable laminate, it is advisable to use water-swellable or water-soluble fibers, such as polyvinyl alcohol fibers or the like.

As the backing layer 3, as shown in FIG. 2, a plastic film 7 or a fiber composite can also be used, which are provided with depressions 8, which are achieved, for example, by deep-drawing in the hot-plastic state. According to FIG. 2, these depressions 8 are cup-shaped. However, these depressions can also be elongated, in which case they come to lie parallel to one another and, for example, can be arranged offset in relation to one another in their position. The depressions 8 open towards the cover layer 2, so that the particles 6 can be introduced into these depressions. In the exemplary embodiment according to FIG. 2, the layer 5 of particles 6 is therefore not connected, but divided into numerous portions. The _N adelein- prints may be uniformly distributed densely over the whole surface of the laminate body 1, as shown in the three left-wells of the Figure 2, where the holding fibers 4 through access also through the bottoms of the wells. Were needled less deep, the holding fibers 4, as corresponding to an embodiment not shown, to end up in the _B of the recesses ereicht 8 these retaining fibers in the cups themselves, while the support fibers of the plastic film to penetrate the depression-free sites 9 7, whereby the coating layer 2 the underlayer formed as a plastic film 7 is connected. In this case, the needling of the laminate can be carried out in such a way that the needle tips still perforate the bottom of the depressions 8, so that fluids can also flow into the depressions 8 from the base layer 3. According to the illustration in the right half of FIG. 2, the cover layer 2 is connected to the plastic film 7 only in the region of the recess-free points 9 by means of holding fibers 4. In these recesses 8, especially if they are not penetrated by holder fibers, set concrete can also be present, which, since the elasticity is retained in the recess-free locations 9, results in a rollable concrete mat that can be divided into individual sections, for example by cutting. These recess-free points 9 then act practically as a hinge.

In the embodiment of the laminated body 1 shown in FIGS. 3 and 4, 3 rows or strips of granular particles 6 are deposited on an actively needled fiber layer. These form an interrupted intermediate layer, through which needling is carried out. On these rows 11 of particles 6 a further fiber layer 2 which can be actively needle-coated is deposited as a cover layer and the layered body is needled from above.

The embodiment according to FIG. 4 essentially corresponds to the embodiment according to FIG. 3, but here the laminated body 1 is also needled from below, i.e. the holding fibers 4 are taken from both the top layer 2 and the underlayer 4.

The embodiments according to FIGS. 3 and 4 now have in common that they form a kind of hinge at the particle-free locations 12, which has an effect in particular if in the strips or rows 11 with particles, rock particles 6 with other particles 6 as binders in bonded form are available.

An embodiment (not shown) similar to the embodiment according to FIGS. 3 or 4 can alternately contain sand particles 6 and settable particle mixtures in adjacent strips 11. If, in the case of a sheet-like laminate 1, these strips 11 are formed transversely to the direction of the web, since hardened strips 11 alternate with non-curable strips, these webs can be rolled up, but have a relatively high rigidity in the unrolled state, in particular transversely to the stretching of the web.

From the following table, which is broken down into grain size ranges for the particles 6, the preferred size ranges to be used for the particle weight per unit area, the fiber thickness, the fleece weight per fiber layer per unit area, the needle thickness and the stitch density.

If a plastic film 7 is used as the backing layer 3, as in the case of FIG. 2, the film thickness is between 30 and 200 μm, a thicker film should also be used with a larger grain diameter.

• Die Deckschicht 2 und die Unterlagsschicht 3 wurden identisch aus dem gleichen Material auf folgende Weise hergestellt. Auf eine Trägerfolie (in Fig. 1 nicht dargestellt) aus Polyäthylen von 0.1 mm Dicke wurde ein Fasergemisch von 200 g/m² von Polyester-Fasern mit einem Fasertiter von 3.3 und 17 dtex und einer Stapellänge von 90 mm abgelegt. Die Fasern wurden mit der Folie mittels konventioneller Filznadeln mit 45 Stichen pro cm² vorvernadelt. Eine solche vorvernadelte Faserschicht wurde mit den Faserbärten nach oben gerichtet auf den Zuführtisch der Nadelmaschine gelegt, dann darauf eine Schicht von gewaschenem Quarzsand der Korngrösse 0.5 - 0.75 mm in einer Menge von 7 kg/m² gestreut. Die Schicht wurde sodann mit einer identischen vorvernadelten Faserschicht mit den Faserbärten nach unten gerichtet, zugedeckt. Der ganze Schichtkörper wurde

Example for the production of a laminated body 1, according to FIG. 1:

• The cover layer 2 and the backing layer 3 were produced identically from the same material in the following way. A fiber mixture of 200 g / m ² of polyester fibers with a fiber titer of 3.3 and 17 dtex and a stack length of 90 mm was placed on a carrier film (not shown in FIG. 1) made of polyethylene 0.1 mm thick. The fibers were pre-needled with the film using conventional felting needles with 45 stitches per cm ² . Such a pre-needled fiber layer was placed with the fiber beards facing upwards on the feed table of the needle machine, then a layer of washed quartz sand with a grain size of 0.5-0.75 mm was sprinkled in an amount of 7 kg / m ² . The layer was then covered with an identical pre-needled fiber layer with the fiber whiskers facing downwards. The whole laminate was

with conventional 25 - gauge felting needles and needled with 30 stitches per cm ² . The result was a laminate of approximately 7.4 kg per m ² basis weight.

• Als Unterlagsschicht 3 wurde eine Noppenfolie 7 aus Polyäthylen mit zylinderischen Vertiefungen (Noppen) von 1 cm Durchmesser und 5 mm Tiefe, 7'700 Noppen pro m² verwendet. Die Noppen wurden mit Quarzsand gestrichen gefüllt, dann mit einer Schicht von Polypropylen-Fasern 17 dtex, Stappellänge 90 mm, 200 g/m² zugedeckt. Der Schichtkörper wurde mit konventionellen 25 - gauge Filznadeln mit 30 Stichen pro cm ² vernadelt. Es entstand ein Schichtkörper 1 von zirka 1.8 kg pro m² Flächengewicht. Die Noppen waren durch die Nadeleinstiche perforiert worden. Der Sand konnte jedoch nicht herausfallen.

Example for the production of a laminated body 1, according to FIG. 2:

• A pimpled film 7 made of polyethylene with cylindrical depressions (pimples) of 1 cm in diameter and 5 mm in depth, 7,700 pimples per m ^{2 was} used as the base layer 3. The knobs were filled with quartz sand, then covered with a layer of polypropylene fibers 17 dtex, staple length 90 mm, 200 g / m ² . The laminate was needled with conventional 25-gauge felting needles with 30 stitches per cm ² . A laminated body 1 of approximately 1.8 kg per m ² basis weight was produced. The knobs had been perforated by the needle punctures. However, the sand could not fall out.

Claims (32)

1. Laminated body for building purposes, which contains at least one non-woven fiber layer and granular material, characterized in that a layer (5) of granular particles (6), which are a building material or at least a component thereof, between an underlay layer (3) and one Cover layer (2) is arranged and held, of which at least one contains fibers or threads and which are needled together through the particle layer. 2. Laminated body according to claim 1, characterized in that the particles (6) have a grain diameter of 5 mm and less, preferably 0.02 - 2 mm. 3rd layer body according to claim 1 or 2, characterized in that the particles have a nutrition punching needle punching needles of the _V indestructible strength. 4. Laminated body according to one of the preceding claims, characterized in that the particles (6) are present with a basis weight of 4 - 12 kg / m2. 5. Laminated body according to one of the preceding claims, characterized in that it as a mat, sheet, pillow, is in the form of a sandbag, as a hose, strip or the like. 6. Laminate according to one of the preceding claims, characterized in that sand, gravel, hydraulic binders such as lime, gypsum, cement or mixtures thereof such as mortar or the like are present as granular particles (6). 7. Laminated body according to one of the preceding claims, characterized in that the particles (6) with liquid, such as water or water glass, or an organic. Binders, such as synthetic resin, can be set to a solid mass. 8. Laminated body according to one of the preceding claims, characterized in that it is deformable by pressing, pressing, bending or the like. 9. Laminated body according to one of the preceding claims, characterized in that at least the cover layer (2) is a non-woven fabric with long fibers of a stack length of preferably 40-120 mm. 10. Laminated body according to one of the preceding claims, characterized in that the particles (6) are fixed against displacement in the direction of the plane of the cover layer (2) by individual or tufts of holding fibers (4) or filaments produced by needling. ll. Laminated body according to one of the preceding claims, characterized in that at least the cover layer (2) is actively needled by holding fibers (4) originating from it. 12. Laminated body according to one of the preceding claims, characterized in that the underlayer (3) by means of needling needles with barbs, in particular triangular quilting needles, without substantial damage, such as wear or destruction thereof, which can be needled through the layer of the granular particles of building materials. This is partly due to the fact that the granular particles are preferably displaceable relative to one another prior to needling and that particles hit by needles can laterally evade. The particles are not randomly or arbitrarily distributed between the fibers of the laminated body, but are penetrated by the fibers or threads, so that the needling produces a uniform mixture between fibers or threads and granular particles. The needling advantageously produces holding fibers or threads by means of which the particles are fixed against displacement in the direction of the plane of the underlayer and thus prevent them from trickling into the laminate. In this way, a closed spatial shape of the laminate can be achieved, which can be used in a variety of ways for construction purposes. The laminated body according to the invention can have any shape, e.g. be designed as a mat, sheet, strip, cushion, in the form of a sandbag, as a hose or the like. In its simplest form, the inner particle layer consists exclusively of sand. This makes the laminate to _B can e-schwe insurance purposes, such as Beschwerungsauflage for flat roofs, especially instead of the usual layer of gravel are used, which, since the individual particles are secured against displacement, a much thinner and lighter covering layer can be used which also advantageously Way is walkable. This roof covering sheet or mat holds moisture very well and can compensate for climate and in particular temperature differences between day and night. The laminated body according to the invention can also be used instead of a sandbag e.g. in the form of a needled sand mat to cover soil, e.g. on embankments, or against water ingress or the like. Here, the sand is used not only to absorb moisture, but also at the same time to weight the laminate and thus to lie flat on the desired location, so that it e.g. cannot be moved by wind or water and therefore advantageously also as a drainage mat or e.g. appropriately shaped around a monier iron as a skeleton, can be used as a drainage pipe. If the laminate is designed in the form of a web, this web can be rolled up due to the elastic connection through the needled layers and the mobility of the enclosed particles. Sections of such a path can advantageously be divided without the particles being able to escape. The needling e.g. also ensure at the cutting edges that there are always sufficient holding fibers that prevent further particles from escaping. So it is possible e.g. to obtain a sandbag of the meter in which, in the event of injuries, not all of the sand falls out, as in a conventional sandbag known. The total weight of the sandbag can be metered by separating any section of any length from a sheet of the laminated body. Thus, e.g. for containment against water or the like. Sandbag barricades obtained in a simple manner from a wound web of the laminated body according to the invention. The sand mat can also be replaced by a liquid, e.g. Water glass or an organic binder such as e.g. Synthetic resin, so that e.g. there is a rigid laminate. This can be used as a covering or covering material or as insulation material in building or civil engineering. Lying e.g. granular particles from a hydraulic binder, this can be added by adding e.g. 30. Use according to claim 27 or 28, characterized in that set concrete is present in the depressions. 31. Use of the laminated body according to one of claims 1-24 as a screed substitute. 32. Use according to claim 31, characterized in that the laminated body is placed on concrete still moist at least on the surface. 33. Use of the laminated body according to one of claims 1-24 for plastering walls. 34. Use according to claim 33, characterized in that the laminate is attached to the wall, e.g. stapled, nailed or screwed. 35. Use according to claim 32 or 33, characterized in that the laminated body itself contains a plaster mixture. 36. Use according to one of claims 32 - 34, characterized in that plaster is placed or sprayed onto the laminated body. 37. Use of the laminated body according to one of claims 1-24 for the construction of makeshift huts. 38. Use according to claim 37, characterized in that mat or igloo-shaped layered body is placed over a carrier skeleton and fastened together. 39. Use according to claim 38, characterized in that the carrier skeleton made of stripes in the form of binders mixed with binders and hardened, optionally by e.g. Reinforced laminated iron is formed. 40. The use of the laminated body according to any one of claims 1-24 as ugenabdichtung _F. 41. Use of the laminated body according to one of claims 1-24 for filling lines such as water pipes, power cables or the like. Receiving wall or ceiling openings. 42. Use according to claim 41, characterized in that the laminate contains, in addition to the building materials, such as in particular sand, materials which swell under the influence of heat. 43. Use of the laminated body according to one of claims 1-24 and in particular according to claim 41 or 42 for fire protection.

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