DE69821254T2 - STABILIZED STRUCTURE, ESPECIALLY BALLAST TYPE, AND METHOD FOR STABILIZING SUCH A STRUCTURE - Google Patents

Abstract

The invention concerns a structure comprising individual and separate small aggregates (2), the structure comprising a stabilising complex (3) consisting of a directly mounted coating, partially covering the surface mineral elements (2), to ensure a bond between them and block them with respect to one another, without affecting their draining or percolating capacity. The invention also concerns a method for obtaining such a structure.

Description

The The present invention relates to a stabilized structure with mineral separate individual elements and a stabilization process of such a structure with the help of a stabilization complex.

Structure that Mineral elements are included in different areas known, for example in the construction of railroad tracks and in road construction. In such areas you will find mineral elements or stone elements, for example stones from broken magma stone and from certain ones metamorphic rocks. These stone elements can in particular be arranged in this way that they form a stone bed that is intended to Track bedding material of a railway line or a base layer at road construction to build.

In of the present description qualify the terms "mineral" and "stone elements" of structures, and the terms "gravel" and "elements" are indistinguishable used.

at this type of structure you often come across stone elements on the problem of stability. So for example, this problem has occurred with the upsurge of high-speed trains, which create a suction effect when driving, which is a lifting of the ballast that causes the track bedding material of the railway line forms.

It can be small sized gravel, the one on the driving surface of the rails land and so off the wheels causing fire crushed can be.

It However, it can also be larger caliber gravel, the Throwing away will damage mechanical parts of the lower parts of the train, yes even compromise his security can.

A solution to prevent the lifting of ballast, which is the track bedding material a railway line is proposed by document WO-A-9108056. According to this Document uses a multi-component resin that can be applied to the Track bedding material distributed to partially cover the ballast, which forms the track bedding material. The characteristics of the binder are chosen so that it is partially and over a shallow depth of ballast Surrounds ballast so that the upper gravel stones stick together, without draining damage to the track bedding fabric.

in the Area of road construction is the lack of stability the structure made of stone elements generally less spectacular. however make it the distribution conditions of the surface layers of bituminous mix often required to stabilize the ballast bed, especially in the case of the road surfaces with rainwater collection system.

The The aim of the invention is to find a solution that allows the disadvantages of the structure, include stone elements of various sizes, remedies, and simple, inexpensive and fast, while maintaining the essential characteristics of the structure with track bedding fabric, such as its ability to to distribute the loads, its capacity for drainage and rapid drainage of water.

According to the invention, which is defined in claim 1, the structure comprises a stabilization complex, formed from an added Complex that includes a binder and fibers and allows holding the elements of the structure to ensure in place.

The mineral elements of the surface are partly with the added Complex coated, which connects them and their locking with each other without interference their capacity for draining and percolation guaranteed. This creates a kind of covering network for the stone elements of the structure. This Coverage network allows connections between the different Elements of the structure without creating a continuous layer or screed to form, and therefore the capacity of the structure to distribute the loads unchanged to get without its capacity for draining and rapid drainage of water and percolation.

The the following description is given as a non-limiting example given on the attached drawings, in which:

1 Figure 3 is a plan view of part of the top surface of a track bedding fabric showing stabilizing agents according to the invention;

2 a section through an upper layer of the track bedding along the line II-II of 1 is;

3 is a section through a structure that is stabilized by a variant of stabilizing agents;

4 is a section through a structure that is stabilized by another variant stabilizing agent; and

5 is a section through a road surface with rainwater collection system that contains stabilizing agents according to the invention.

The scope of protection of the patent does not extend to the types of manufacture of the structure according to 3 and 4 ,

First is on the 1 to 4 Referred.

In a known and not shown manner, railroad tracks consist of rails which are fastened to crossbeams, which are themselves on a bedding material 1 , consisting of stone elements, are locked, such as on gravel 2 which is taken from the breaking of magma or metamorphic rock and placed between the rails and on either side of the rails.

The loosely distributing the ballast 2 at the moment of its application and its arbitrary Shapes have a very natural effect the creation of gaps a, b, c, d ... among them. These spaces have a drainage function.

According to a first embodiment of the invention (shown in the 1 and 2 ), the track bedding material comprises a stabilizing complex 3 , consisting of an added coating, which is a kind of covering network of the gravel stones 2 of the upper layers without impairing their capacity to drain and percolate. This cover network ensures a connection between the gravel stones and therefore their locking together.

The stabilization complex 3 of the track bedding fabric 1 consists of a binder 4 , in which fibers 5 are integrated. The binder 4 can be an emulsion of pure bitumen or a modified bitumen emulsion or a waterless binder.

According to a further feature of the invention, the fibers are 5 that in the binder 4 to form the stabilization complex 3 to add to the bedding fabric 1 be integrated, thread-like with the length f, which is at least equal to the distance, the two successive gravel stones 2 separates to form a connection among them. The unit of these connections, which, starting from stabilizing agents, with the fibers 51 , hereinafter referred to as "long fibers", and the binder 4 can be achieved, is arranged arbitrarily and according to a dosage that makes it possible to produce a mesh of any shape that is suitable for the ballast stones 2 to firmly connect the surface with each other and at the same time drain the rainwater through the upper layer of gravel stones 2 and then allow through their lower layers.

According to one embodiment of the structure (shown in 3 ), the track bedding material comprises a stabilizing complex 31 made from a binder 4 consists in the fibers 52 are integrated, which are called "short fibers" below. The length m of the short fibers 52 and the dosage of these fibers when they are used are selected so that an arbitrary blockage of a part of the spaces between the ballast stones is obtained. In the interstices blocked in this way, the binder is retained when it is applied and forms a mesh in any shape, similar to the first embodiment.

While the long fibers 51 The short fibers can have a length l of 10 mm to 200 mm 52 a length m less than 1 mm and are in particular micronized fibers. The preferred lengths of these long fibers 51 are 25, 50, 90 and 130 mm, the particularly advantageous length is between 25 and 60 mm.

thanks the life cycle of the track bedding fabric without Maintenance three, even five Reach years while one with conventional Track bedding material under the most difficult conditions of use to Example those of the high-speed lines, not exceeding one year.

Also owns the stabilizing coating has the capacity to deal with manual or mechanical refilling operations of the track bedding fabric to easily destroy what the recyclable property of the track bedding fabric.

The Stabilizing coating also allows the track bedding layer to behave able to preserve that capable is to endure the vibrations when driving the trains. she stays sufficiently flexible to follow the deformations of the base and accept a sagging with small amplitude.

In addition, they have the characteristics of the electrical insulation of the line.

she is also non-toxic and complies with hygiene and health requirements of the staff.

The various tests carried out have shown that it is possible to use a wide variety of textile fibers for technical use, such as, for example, glass, polypropylene, polyamide or reinforced composite materials, such as, for example, glass fibers combined with natural fibers, such as linen, hemp, etc. For example, good results have been achieved with glass fibers marketed by Saint-Gobain under the ISOVER brand.

As for the binder, it has the use of a bitumen emulsion called SACERCID, reference 65 , is known, good connection capacities with the fibers mentioned above.

The stabilization complex includes mechanical strength and permeability 3 the track bedding material 1, for example, a pure or a modified bitumen emulsion, the dosage of which is between 1500 and 1800 g / m ² or a waterless binder, the dosage of which is between 800 and 1200 g / m ² , the emulsion or the waterless binder having long fibers 51 be added, the dosage of which is between 50 and 600 g / m ² .

dosage examples of the binder with fibers are given below.

at the embodiment of the structure, where a binder without fibers is used (the protection area of the patent does not extend to this embodiment) is used a hydrocarbon (bitumen based) binder which through suitable additives (for example polymers of the type SBS), modified or not, so the plasticity interval is sufficiently large to the fragility at low temperature and the loss of consistency at high temperature (Ball-ring point> 50 ° C) to avoid.

This Binder type, which can be added or not from 1.5 to 3% polymer SBS to a given penetrating bitumen has received a viscosity, which depends on the temperature at the moment of distribution. experiments in real size shown that a viscosity that when distributing the binder defined above at a temperature between 40 ° C and 90 ° C is achieved, the sticking of the track bedding material point by point on the surface and the intrusion over a strength allowed from 1 to 3 ballast stones of the bedding material.

The The temperature drops within a time between 0 s and 600 s to a value <25 ° C, which is a point-by-point gluing of the track bedding material is allowed at room temperature is irreversible and sufficient to prevent the ballast stones when driving the trains fly away, but it is weak enough to be a strong one mechanical action by vibration, for example, allows the mechanical independence to restore each gravel stone and hence the geometry the route by refilling to rework the bedding material.

At room temperature (20 ° C), the tensile stress required to separate two ballast stones of the track bedding material that are glued together in this way is between 50 g / m ² and 2000 g / m ² at 30 minutes, which is largely sufficient to not to interfere with the refill operations.

thanks The trials also found that the bitumen emulsion was special offers good results if it has a viscosity between 0.5 ° and 15 ° Engler.

The The invention also relates to a method involving a stabilization complex applied to obtain a structure as described above. This method includes a step that consists of a kind of network for partial Covering the mineral elements of the upper layers of the stabilizing structure to build.

To the Forming this network spreads a layer of a bituminous binder and generally fibers. Because this binder is partly through the gaps between the elements of the structure flows, arises an arbitrary Distribution of binder blocks, the connections between the elements with the long fibers guarantee.

• – das Verteilen des Bindemittelfilms erfolgt vor dem Verteilen der Fasern,
• – das Verteilen des Bindemittelfilms erfolgt nach dem Verteilen der Fasern,
• – das Verteilen des Bindemittelfilms und das Verteilen der Fasern erfolgen gleichzeitig, sodass das Bindemittel mit den Fasern vermischt ist; das Mischen kann kurz vor dem Einfüllen des Bindemittels und der Fasern in ein Verteilungsgerät erfolgen.

When using a stabilizing complex that contains fibers, the method can be used in different variants, for example as follows:

• - the binder film is distributed before the fibers are distributed,
• The binder film is distributed after the fibers have been distributed,
• - The distribution of the binder film and the distribution of the fibers take place simultaneously, so that the binder is mixed with the fibers; the mixing can be done shortly before the binding agent and the fibers are filled into a distribution device.

• – entweder eine reine oder eine modifizierte Bitumenemulsion, dosiert zwischen 1500 und 1800 g/m², zu verteilen und anschließend durch Fasern dosiert zwischen 50 und 600 g/m² abzudecken;
• – oder ein Faserbett, dosiert zwischen 50 und 600 g/m², zu verteilen und anschließend durch einen Film einer reinen oder modifizierten Bitumenemulsion, dosiert zwischen 1500 und 1800 g/m², abzudecken;
• – oder zuerst eine erste Faserschicht, dosiert zwischen 50 und 600 g/m², zu verteilen, sie mit einem Film wasserlosem Bindemittel, dosiert zwischen 800 und 1200 g/m², abzudecken und eine zweite Faserschicht zu verteilen.

For example, based on these variants, the process may consist of:

• - to distribute either a pure or a modified bitumen emulsion, metered between 1500 and 1800 g / m ² , and then covered with fibers metered between 50 and 600 g / m ² ;
• - or distribute a fiber bed, metered between 50 and 600 g / m ² , and then cover it with a film of a pure or modified bitumen emulsion, metered between 1500 and 1800 g / m ² ;
• - or first distribute a first fiber layer, dosed between 50 and 600 g / m ² , with a Cover film of waterless binder, dosed between 800 and 1200 g / m ² , and distribute a second layer of fibers.

According to a first application example of the method, the long fibers 51 cut in place using a "chopper" type fiber cutter consisting of a rotating cylinder equipped with peripheral chopping blades, supplied by a loading bunker, such a cutter with a distributor of binding agents 4 is associated, which is arranged upstream or downstream of the cutter on the same roller table.

According to a second application example of the method, pre-cut fibers are brought to the construction site in order to before or after the bitumen is distributed 4 to be distributed by spraying with a manual or mechanically operated gun.

• – Verteilen der Glasfasern mit 50 g/m² zu 130 mm Länge und 13 um Durchmesser (Fasern ISOVER ST GOBAIN), abgedeckt mit 1,5 g/m² Emulsion auf Bitumenbasis 70/100, modifiziert durch Hinzufügen von Styrol (SBS)
• – Verteilen von Glasfasern mit 143 g/m² zu 25 mm Länge und 13 um Durchmesser (Fasern ISOVER ST GOBAIN), abgedeckt mit 1,5 kg/m² Emulsion auf Bitumenbasis 70/100, modifiziert durch Hinzufügen von Styrol (SBS)
• – Verteilen von Glasfasern mit 573 g/m² zu 25 mm Länge und 13 um Durchmesser (Fasern ISOVER ST GOBAIN), abgedeckt mit 1,5 kg/m² Emulsion auf Bitumenbasis 70/100, modifiziert durch Hinzufügen von Styrol (SBS)
• – Verteilen von Glasfasern mit 150 g/m² zu 130 mm Länge und 13 um Durchmesser (Fasern ISOVER ST GOBAIN), abgedeckt mit 1,8 kg/m² Emulsion auf Bitumenbasis 70/100, modifiziert durch Hinzufügen von Styrol (SBS)

The structure stabilized according to the invention can be applied by the method described above within the restriction specified above and by selecting, for example, an application with the following parameters:

• - Distribution of the glass fibers with 50 g / m ² to 130 mm in length and 13 µm in diameter (fibers ISOVER ST GOBAIN), covered with 1.5 g / m ² bitumen-based emulsion 70/100, modified by adding styrene (SBS)
• - Distribution of glass fibers with 143 g / m ² to 25 mm in length and 13 µm in diameter (fibers ISOVER ST GOBAIN), covered with 1.5 kg / m ² bitumen-based emulsion 70/100, modified by adding styrene (SBS)
• - Distribution of glass fibers with 573 g / m ² to 25 mm in length and 13 µm in diameter (fibers ISOVER ST GOBAIN) covered with 1.5 kg / m ² bitumen-based emulsion 70/100, modified by adding styrene (SBS)
• - Distribution of glass fibers with 150 g / m ² to 130 mm in length and 13 µm in diameter (fibers ISOVER ST GOBAIN) covered with 1.8 kg / m ² bitumen-based emulsion 70/100, modified by adding styrene (SBS)

What Regarding the application conditions, the process can be in the temperature range from + 5 ° C to + 40 ° C. Processing can be done on a damp track bedding fabric a bitumen emulsion binder. The efficiency The process is carried out regardless of the climatic conditions after manufacture received within a maximum of 24 hours.

The Invention was separated as a stabilized structure with mineral individual elements, with a stabilization complex, consisting for example from an added Complex that partially contains the mineral surface elements of this structure covers and comprises a binder and fibers.

In a structure according to a variant which does not correspond to the present invention, the stabilization complex consists of a binder alone or at least of an added stabilization complex which does not contain any fibers. This concept is shown schematically in 4 shown. This figure shows that the elements of the upper layers of the structure to be stabilized are “glued” to one another by means of binder blocks.

This Manufacturing alternative gives results that of the second embodiment of the structure described above, in which the used Fibers are short and essentially serve to drain the water To stop the binder from spreading before it solidifies and forms the connections between the elements of the structure. The fact that one does without fibers means that there is a special one Selection of viscosity of the binder.

How previously stated is the detailed, illustrative description on the stabilization of a structure of the track bedding type. Of course, it is limited the invention does not apply to such and can be used to stabilize any stone structure used, which includes stone elements. The expert can by Routine testing and using the teachings of the present Description according to the nature and the dimensions of the structure to be stabilized the corresponding features of the binder and the fibers.

In a road construction application, one tries to stabilize the elements of the structure and does not need to prevent the suction problem of small elements, which is inherent in the railway application. In the road construction application, the manufacture of a stabilized structure serves to allow the driving of construction site trucks that produce the surface layer of a road. The use of a stabilized structure according to the invention is particularly advantageous in the field of road applications for road surfaces with rainwater collection systems. Such an application is in 5 shown.

A road surface with a rainwater collection system covers the load-bearing floor 11 on which it is made, a molding layer 12 , a foundation layer 13 , a base layer 14 and a surface layer 15 , The load-bearing floor 11 , the form layer, the foundation layer and the ba sis layer are separated from each other by interfaces 16 . 17 and 18 separated, which are made from a geotextile or geomembrane.

The stabilizing structure 3 is on the upper layers of mineral elements of the base layer 14 applied. 5 represents this complex according to the in 3 and on this 3 related illustrated embodiment.

According to one Another variant can be the stabilized structure in a road application area using scattered microfibers. These microfibers are made exclusively from organic matter and are applied either with pistols or with a ramp. Their main effect is to stick to any object or vehicle with the freshly applied stabilization complex in touch comes to avoid.

The behind those in the claims mentioned technical Features inserted Reference numerals only serve to facilitate the understanding of the latter and restrict the scope of protection under no circumstances.

Claims (10)

Stabilized structure with mineral separated individual elements ( 2 ) and a stabilization complex ( 3 ) which is a binder ( 4 ) and fibers ( 5 . 51 . 52 ), whereby the fibers are integrated in the binding agent in such a way that they form a covering network that the mineral elements ( 2 ) the upper layers are partially coated, the covering network ensuring a connection between the mineral elements and their immobilization with one another without changing the capacity for rapid drainage and emptying of the water and percolation of the structure, the binding agent ( 4 ) consists of an emulsion of pure bitumen, a modified bitumen emulsion or a waterless binder and the fibers have a length that is at least equal to the distance that separates the two successive mineral elements. Structure according to claim 1, characterized in that the stabilizing complex ( 3 ) from a pure or modified bitumen emulsion ( 4 ), the dosage of which is between 1500 and 1800 g / m ² , the dosage of the fibers ( 5 ) is between 50 and 600 g / m ² . Structure according to claim 1 or 2, characterized in that the stabilizing complex ( 3 ) from a waterless binder ( 4 ), the dosage of which is between 80 and 1200 g / m ² , the dosage of the fibers ( 5 ) is between 50 and 600 g / m ² . Structure according to one of claims 1 to 3, characterized in that the fibers ( 51 ) have a length (I) between 10 and 200 mm. Method for achieving a structure according to one of claims 1 to 4 using a stabilizing complex containing fibers, the method comprising a step of forming, one Network to partially cover the mineral elements of the upper Layers of the structure consists. A method according to claim 5, characterized in that it comprises a step which involves spreading a film of binder ( 4 ) before the fibers spread out. A method according to claim 5, characterized in that it comprises a step which involves spreading a film of binder ( 4 ) after the fibers have spread out. A method according to claim 6 or 7, characterized in that the binder ( 4 ) between 800 and 1200 g / m ² for a bitumen emulsion and between 500 and 800 g / m ² for a waterless binder, and in that the fibers ( 5 ) between 50 and 600 g / m ^{2 are} dosed. Method according to one of claims 6 to 8, characterized in that the fibers ( 5 ) are cut in situ using a "chopper" type fiber cutter supplied by a loading bunker, such a cutter being a binder spreader ( 4 ) is assigned, which is arranged upstream or downstream of the cutter on the same roller table. Method according to one of claims 6 to 8, characterized in that the fibers ( 5 ) are cut outside their place of use and brought to the construction site in order to be spread by spraying using a manually or mechanically actuated gun by spreading.