EP0002267B1 - Method of manufacturing fibre-reinforced concrete structural elements and structural elements manufactured according to this method - Google Patents

Method of manufacturing fibre-reinforced concrete structural elements and structural elements manufactured according to this method Download PDF

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Publication number
EP0002267B1
EP0002267B1 EP78101501A EP78101501A EP0002267B1 EP 0002267 B1 EP0002267 B1 EP 0002267B1 EP 78101501 A EP78101501 A EP 78101501A EP 78101501 A EP78101501 A EP 78101501A EP 0002267 B1 EP0002267 B1 EP 0002267B1
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Prior art keywords
fibers
filament structure
cement
fabric
shreds
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German (de)
French (fr)
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EP0002267A1 (en
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Hermann Schemel
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    • BPERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B28WORKING CEMENT, CLAY, OR STONE
    • B28BSHAPING CLAY OR OTHER CERAMIC COMPOSITIONS; SHAPING SLAG; SHAPING MIXTURES CONTAINING CEMENTITIOUS MATERIAL, e.g. PLASTER
    • B28B23/00Arrangements specially adapted for the production of shaped articles with elements wholly or partly embedded in the moulding material; Production of reinforced objects
    • B28B23/0006Arrangements specially adapted for the production of shaped articles with elements wholly or partly embedded in the moulding material; Production of reinforced objects the reinforcement consisting of aligned, non-metal reinforcing elements
    • EFIXED CONSTRUCTIONS
    • E04BUILDING
    • E04CSTRUCTURAL ELEMENTS; BUILDING MATERIALS
    • E04C5/00Reinforcing elements, e.g. for concrete; Auxiliary elements therefor
    • E04C5/01Reinforcing elements of metal, e.g. with non-structural coatings
    • E04C5/02Reinforcing elements of metal, e.g. with non-structural coatings of low bending resistance
    • E04C5/04Mats
    • EFIXED CONSTRUCTIONS
    • E04BUILDING
    • E04CSTRUCTURAL ELEMENTS; BUILDING MATERIALS
    • E04C5/00Reinforcing elements, e.g. for concrete; Auxiliary elements therefor
    • E04C5/07Reinforcing elements of material other than metal, e.g. of glass, of plastics, or not exclusively made of metal
    • EFIXED CONSTRUCTIONS
    • E04BUILDING
    • E04CSTRUCTURAL ELEMENTS; BUILDING MATERIALS
    • E04C5/00Reinforcing elements, e.g. for concrete; Auxiliary elements therefor
    • E04C5/07Reinforcing elements of material other than metal, e.g. of glass, of plastics, or not exclusively made of metal
    • E04C5/073Discrete reinforcing elements, e.g. fibres

Definitions

  • the invention relates to a method for producing fiber-reinforced molded concrete parts, in which a lattice-like laid scrim is incorporated into cementitious masses, which, before being incorporated into the cementitious mass, is first provided with an adhesive and then exposed to a stream of solids which adhere to the laid scrim, and Molded parts made of cement produced by this process.
  • Molded parts are also to be understood here as building material panels.
  • a reinforcement element for concrete made of glass fiber reinforced plastics in which a grain of quartz powder and fine chippings is attached to the reinforcement element to increase the adhesive strength between the reinforcement element and concrete, or the reinforcement element is spirally wrapped with profiled strips. Even when using reinforcement elements treated in this way, flexible multidirectional reinforcement grids are not created.
  • asbestos is used as the reinforcing fiber.
  • Cement is used here as a hydraulic binder to process the relatively fine fibers, which are often only a few millimeters long. The process is reminiscent of the manufacture of cardboards.
  • a thin cement pulp forms fine asbestos cement fleeces on a drum, which run on top of each other until the desired thickness is reached. They can then be removed and compressed under pressure.
  • This method can also be used successfully when large amounts of water are added to the asbestos-cement mixture.
  • the binding power of the cement is preserved through the close hydraulic combination with mineral fibers.
  • glass fibers or synthetic fibers cannot be processed using this method. Here the binding power of the cement is lost.
  • DE-A-2 409 231 discloses a process for the production of shaped articles solidified by inorganic binders and reinforced by mineral fibers.
  • flat reinforcement mats impregnated with binder glue or mortar which consist of artificial mineral fibers, are placed one above the other and / or next to one another in the fresh, non-set state until the desired reinforcement is achieved.
  • binder glue or mortar which consist of artificial mineral fibers
  • shear-resistant connections of the different fiber mats can be achieved by sewing with mineral fiber bundles.
  • the known method cannot be used to create reinforcement with reinforcement fibers that are perpendicular or transverse to the mats. This means that - due to the nature of the known method - no multidirectional reinforcement with a high degree of fineness can be created.
  • Another method is based on the use of a concrete spray can, which brings together semi-liquid cement mortar with small amounts of cut glass fibers.
  • the fibers fall on the documents and are e.g. already connected with cement when falling, sometimes only embedded in this porridge on the base.
  • multidirectional reinforcement is created, this process is extremely labor-intensive and depends on the reliability of the executing worker. Traps e.g. several pieces of fiber on top of each other, so that the cement mass cannot penetrate into the spaces. Weaknesses arise in the reinforcement, which lead to breakage when the finished parts are loaded.
  • the invention has for its object to provide a reliable method to incorporate fibers of all kinds in concrete masses. It must be suitable to reinforce plates, molded parts and other articles that can be produced from cement masses in such a way that a fast work flow and a uniformly high multi-directional strength with the finest resolution are guaranteed.
  • a laid scrim, a woven fabric or a net is first produced, in which more or less parallel threads are located at a certain distance from one another. This distance can be varied within wide limits. It can be a few millimeters or on the order of e.g. 10 cm.
  • fibers or tissue chips are arranged on this thread structure.
  • the laid scrim can consist of endless fiber filaments or staple fiber yarns.
  • the fibers can consist of the same materials or of completely different types of fibers if special properties of the concrete are to be achieved. Their length can also be varied. It can range from a few millimeters to many centimeters.
  • some parameters of the reinforcement structure must be coordinated with one another: for example, the spacing of the threads of the scrim and the length of the threads on the scrim arranged fibers and their elasticity can be varied.
  • the process is such that the applied fibers experience a multidirectional arrangement, namely in the plane of the thread structure and protrude from this plane. This enables three-dimensional reinforcement to be achieved.
  • the product combined from continuous threads and cut fibers remains so open on its surface that it is easily separated from the pulpy cement mass e.g. can be enclosed in an automated process.
  • uncontrolled accumulations of fibers on the scrim are avoided by first providing the scrim with an adhesive and then exposing it to an air flow with fibers which then remain on the scrim with different, arbitrary orientations. Non-stick fibers fall off again. Fiber masses that are difficult to penetrate by cement masses are avoided.
  • Another method variant provides for roughening the threads of the laid scrim. It is advantageous to solidify the fabric with a fixing agent. This can be done easily with a thinly set cement slurry. The solidification can take place by spraying, by dipping or by doctoring. This method is used in particular when compression of the voluminous reinforcement structure is to be avoided in the subsequent work process.
  • the manufacturing process for the reinforcement structure is not tied to a specific type of fiber.
  • Glass filaments can be used, the high strength of which does not change due to the influences of the cement.
  • synthetic yarns for example made of polypropylene, are also suitable, which above all improve the burst strength of the concrete.
  • a combination of structural steel grids or wire mesh with fibers or fabric chips or fabric strips is also possible, or the use of natural fibers such as sisal. Even those fibers that cannot withstand the aggressive media of the cement are suitable for the lattice structure if the fibers applied have this resistance.
  • the cut fibers or yarns which are intended to supplement the properties of the reinforcement structure, can also be made from the glass fiber type mentioned, from polyamides and other synthetic fibers or from steel fibers or Wire exist. It is not important that, for example, a glass fiber laid scrim can only be provided with cut glass fibers and a thread system made of synthetic fibers can only be provided with the same pieces of fiber. With the help of this manufacturing process, it is possible for the first time to incorporate precisely metered mixtures of these fibers with each other into concrete and thus achieve new properties of the products. Another advantage over the known reinforcement methods with fibers results from the fact that partial areas of a component or a plate that are particularly stressed are reinforced.
  • Glass-fiber-reinforced panels can be produced in such a way that they have a very high breaking strength, which allows, for example, nailing.
  • the edge zones of a plate that is nailed can be additionally reinforced using this method.
  • sandwich panels with a hard foam core are mentioned.
  • the rigid foam core can consist, for example, of polystyrene, polyurethane or foamed concrete, foamed concrete in particular being interesting because of its low price. If you bring e.g. A thin layer of cement mortar on polystyrene plates, in which the reinforcement structure described is embedded, creates a stable and stable plate that complements the good thermal insulation properties of the polystyrene through the reinforcement of the strength of the plate surface, without losing the ease of processing by woodworking machines.
  • a board made by the method of the invention will preferably be made of cement.
  • the building material panel contains an inner layer made of polyurethane foam.
  • the laid scrim according to the invention consists of the longitudinal or warp threads 1 and the transverse or weft threads 2. This scrim was impregnated with pressure sensitive adhesive and then exposed to a stream of fibers or fiber chips 3. The fibers 3 adhere to the threads of the laid scrim with different orientations and form a three-dimensional, multidirectional reinforcement structure with this. This is then incorporated into a cement paste using one of the methods already described.
  • FIG. 2 shows a cross section of a building material board produced by the method according to the invention.
  • This consists of an inner carrier layer 10 made of polyurethane foam, on which cement plates 11 reinforced according to the invention are attached on both sides.
  • the polyurethane foam layer is preferably covered with a reinforcement structure consisting of laid scrims and the fibers attached to them.
  • liquid cement is sprayed onto the occupied side of the polyurethane foam layer with a nozzle up to a layer thickness of a few millimeters.
  • the thickness of the polyurethane foam layer 10 is approximately one centimeter.

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  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Architecture (AREA)
  • Civil Engineering (AREA)
  • Structural Engineering (AREA)
  • Manufacturing & Machinery (AREA)
  • Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
  • Ceramic Engineering (AREA)
  • Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
  • Manufacturing Of Tubular Articles Or Embedded Moulded Articles (AREA)
  • Laminated Bodies (AREA)
  • Panels For Use In Building Construction (AREA)
  • Reinforcement Elements For Buildings (AREA)

Description

Die Erfindung betrifft ein Verfahren zum Herstellen von faserbewehrten Betonformteilen, bei dem ein gitterartiges Fadengelege in Zementmassen eingearbeitet wird, das vor seiner Einarbeitung in die Zementmasse zunächst mit einer Haftmasse versehen und dann einem Strom von Feststoffen ausgesetzt wird, die an dem Fadengelege haften bleiben, sowie nach diesem Verfahren hergestellte Formteile aus Zement. Unter "Formteilen" sind hierbei auch Baustoffplatten zu verstehen.The invention relates to a method for producing fiber-reinforced molded concrete parts, in which a lattice-like laid scrim is incorporated into cementitious masses, which, before being incorporated into the cementitious mass, is first provided with an adhesive and then exposed to a stream of solids which adhere to the laid scrim, and Molded parts made of cement produced by this process. "Molded parts" are also to be understood here as building material panels.

Aus der DD-A--41 435 ist ein Verfahren der eingangs genannten Art bekannt, bei dem Glasfaserstränge oder -stäbe-vorzugsweise vorgespannt-in Beton eingebettet werden. Die Glasfaserstäbe sollen dabei die übliche Metallbewehrung ersetzen. Durch Tränken mit geeigneten Harzen werden die Glasfaserstäbe gegen chemische Angriffe geschützt und gleichzeitig formbeständig gemacht. Zur Erhöhung der Haftfestigkeit zwischen Beton und Bewehrungsstab wird auf die getränkten Stäbe Quarzsand gestreut oder es werden diese mit Harz getränkten Glasfaserstränge spiralförmig umwickelt. Mit diesem Verfahren lassen sich Formen aus Zement mit mindestens einem gitterartigen Fadengelege erzielen, welches mit einer Haftmasse überzogen ist, an weicher Feststoffe haften. Bei diesem Verfahren, bei dem die Glasfaserstäbe lediglich die Funktion einer Stahlbewehrung übernehmen und bei dem die auf die Glasfaserstäbe aufgestreuten Quarzkörner lediglich die Verbindung zwischen Beton und Glasfaserstab herstellen, entsteht kein multidirektionales elastisches Armierungsgitter.From DD-A-41 435 a method of the type mentioned is known in which glass fiber strands or rods - preferably prestressed - are embedded in concrete. The glass fiber rods should replace the usual metal reinforcement. By soaking them with suitable resins, the glass fiber rods are protected against chemical attacks and at the same time made dimensionally stable. In order to increase the adhesive strength between the concrete and the reinforcement bar, quartz sand is sprinkled on the soaked bars or these are wound spirally with glass fiber strands soaked in resin. With this method, molds made of cement can be obtained with at least one lattice-like scrim, which is coated with an adhesive, and adhere to soft solids. With this method, in which the glass fiber rods only take on the function of steel reinforcement and in which the quartz grains scattered onto the glass fiber rods only create the connection between the concrete and the glass fiber rod, there is no multidirectional elastic reinforcement grid.

Aus der DD-A-39 245 ist ein Bewehrungselement für Beton aus glasfaserverstärkten Plasten bekannt, bei dem zur Erhöhung der Haftfestigkeit zwischen Bewehrungselement und Beton an dem Bewehrungselement eine Körnung aus Quarzmehl und Feinsplitt angebracht wird oder das Bewehrungselement mit Profilbändern spiralförmig umwickelt wrid. Auch bei Verwendung derartig behandelter Bewehrungselemente entstehen keine flexiblen multidirektionalen Armierungsgitter.From DD-A-39 245 a reinforcement element for concrete made of glass fiber reinforced plastics is known, in which a grain of quartz powder and fine chippings is attached to the reinforcement element to increase the adhesive strength between the reinforcement element and concrete, or the reinforcement element is spirally wrapped with profiled strips. Even when using reinforcement elements treated in this way, flexible multidirectional reinforcement grids are not created.

Aus der AT-B-141 243 ist ein Verfahren zur Herstellung von Baukörpern aus Asbestzement mit einer sie armierenden, zweckmäßig gitterförmigen Drahteinlage bekannt, die mit einer um deren Metalldrähte spiralförmig geführten fadenförmigen Faserumhüllung versehen ist und mit letzterer vor dem Einlegen in die Asbestzementmasse in Zementmilch getaucht wird, damit die Faserumhüllung nach dem Einbringen der Armierung in die Asbestmasse am Asbestzement ausreichend haften bleibt und so die Drahteinlage sich im abgebundenen Asbestzementkörper nicht verschieben kann. Ein mit einzelnen Fasern multidirektionales elastisches Armierungsgitter wird ersichtlich aber auch dort nicht erreicht.From AT-B-141 243 a method for the production of structures made of asbestos cement with a reinforcing, appropriately lattice-shaped wire insert is known, which is provided with a thread-like fiber covering which is spirally guided around the metal wires and with the latter before being inserted into the asbestos cement mass in cement milk is immersed so that the fiber covering adheres sufficiently to the asbestos cement after the reinforcement has been introduced into the asbestos mass and so that the wire insert cannot shift in the set asbestos cement body. A multidirectional elastic reinforcement grid with individual fibers is evidently not achieved there either.

Aus den Unterlagen des deutschen Gebrauchsmusters 70 18 657 sind Metallarmierungsstäbe, vorzugsweise für Kunststoffteile bekannt, die Biegungen aufweisen, durch die die Bewehrungsstäbe im Kunststoff verankert werden.From the documents of the German utility model 70 18 657 metal reinforcing bars, preferably known for plastic parts, which have bends through which the reinforcing bars are anchored in the plastic.

Bei weiteren bekannten Verfahren wird als Verstärkungsfaser Asbest verwendet. Zement dient hier als hydraulisches Bindemittel, um die oft nur wenige Millimeter langen und relativ feinen Fasern zu verarbeiten. Das Verfahren erinnert an die Herstellung von Pappen. Aus einem dünnen Zementbrei bilden sich auf einer Trommel feine Asbest-Zementvliese, die übereinander laufen, bis die gewünschte Dicke erreicht ist. Sie können dann abgenommen und unter Druck verdichtet werden.In other known methods, asbestos is used as the reinforcing fiber. Cement is used here as a hydraulic binder to process the relatively fine fibers, which are often only a few millimeters long. The process is reminiscent of the manufacture of cardboards. A thin cement pulp forms fine asbestos cement fleeces on a drum, which run on top of each other until the desired thickness is reached. They can then be removed and compressed under pressure.

Dieses Verfahren kann auch bei Zugabe größter Mengen von Wasser zu dem AsbestZement-Gemisch erfolgreich angewandt werden. Die Bindekraft des Zementes bleibt durch die enge hydraulische Vereinigung mit mineralischen Fasern erhalten. Glasfasern oder synthetische Fasern lassen sich jedoch nach diesem Verfahren nicht verarbeiten. Hier geht die Bindekraft des Zementes verloren.This method can also be used successfully when large amounts of water are added to the asbestos-cement mixture. The binding power of the cement is preserved through the close hydraulic combination with mineral fibers. However, glass fibers or synthetic fibers cannot be processed using this method. Here the binding power of the cement is lost.

Aus der DE-A-2 409 231 ist ein Verfahren zur Herstellung von durch anorganische Bindemittel verfestigten und durch Mineralfasern verstärkten Raumformkörpern bekannt. Bei diesem bekannten Verfahren werden mit Bindemittelleim oder Mörtel getränkte flächige Verstärkungsmatten, die aus künstlichen Mineralfasern bestehen, in frischem nicht abgebundenen Zustand übereinander und/oder nebeneinander gelegt, bis die gewünschte Verstärkung erreicht ist. Es ist ferner bekannt, die Verstärkungsmatten durch Zulegen von Mineralfaserbündeln aus Stapel- oder Endlosfasern gezielt in bestimmten in der Ebene der Matten liegenden Richtungen zu verstärken. Schubfeste Verbindungen zwischen den einzelnen Schichten können durch besondere Formgebung, z.B. durch eine wellenförmige Anordnung der Lagen oder durch Durchstoßen mehrerer Lagen erreicht werden, wobei an den Stanzstellen ein punktförmiges Ineinandergreifen der Schichten erzielt wird. Das Durchstanzen erfolgt zweckmäßigerweise durch Abwalzen mit einer Stachelwalze. Des weiteren können schubfeste Verbindungen der verschiedenen Fasermatten durch Vernähen mit Mineralfaserbündeln erzielt werden.DE-A-2 409 231 discloses a process for the production of shaped articles solidified by inorganic binders and reinforced by mineral fibers. In this known method, flat reinforcement mats impregnated with binder glue or mortar, which consist of artificial mineral fibers, are placed one above the other and / or next to one another in the fresh, non-set state until the desired reinforcement is achieved. It is also known to reinforce the reinforcing mats in a targeted manner in certain directions lying in the plane of the mats by adding mineral fiber bundles composed of staple or continuous fibers. Shear-proof connections between the individual layers can be achieved through special shaping, e.g. can be achieved by a wave-shaped arrangement of the layers or by puncturing several layers, a punctiform interlocking of the layers being achieved at the punching points. The punching is advantageously carried out by rolling with a spiked roller. Furthermore, shear-resistant connections of the different fiber mats can be achieved by sewing with mineral fiber bundles.

Abgesehen von Stellen, an denen die Fasermatten gegenseitig vernäht oder durchstanzt sind, kann mit dem bekannten Verfahren keine Bewehrung mit senkrecht oder quer zu den Matten liegenden Bewehrungsfasern geschaffen werden. Das bedeutet, daß-bedingt durch die Natur des bekannten Verfahrens-keine multidirektionale Bewehrung mit einem hohen Feinheitsgrad geschaffen werden kann.Apart from places where the fiber mats are sewn or punched through each other, the known method cannot be used to create reinforcement with reinforcement fibers that are perpendicular or transverse to the mats. This means that - due to the nature of the known method - no multidirectional reinforcement with a high degree of fineness can be created.

Die Verarbeitung von Asbest-Fasern führt zu einigen gravierenden Nachteilen. So schränkt die geringe Bruchelastizität die Verwendbarkeit der Produkte ein und der beim Schneiden der Platten entstehende Asbeststaub wirkt extrem krebserregend.The processing of asbestos fibers leads to some serious disadvantages. The low breaking elasticity limits the usability of the products and the asbestos dust generated when cutting the panels is extremely carcinogenic.

Es sind auch Verfahren zur Einarbeitung von alkalibeständigen Glasfasern in Beton bekannt. Bei diesen Verfahren werden zunächst in den Betonmischer Glasfasern beigegeben. Hierbei treten außer Mischungsproblemen (Igel- und Klumpenbildung) Schädigungen der Oberfläche der Glasfasern auf, die die Haltbarkeit stark reduzieren.Methods for incorporating alkali-resistant glass fibers into concrete are also known. With these processes, glass fibers are first added to the concrete mixer. In addition to mixing problems (formation of hedgehogs and lumps), damage to the surface of the glass fibers occurs, which greatly reduces the durability.

Ein anderes Verfahren beruht auf der Verwendung einer Beton-Sprüh-Dose, die halbflüssiges Zementmörtel mit kleinen Mengen von geschnittenen Glasfasern zusammenbringt. Die Fasern fallen auf die Unterlagen und werden z.B. schon beim Fallen mit Zement verbunden, zum Teil erst auf der Unterlage in diesen Brei eingebettet. Zwar entsteht eine multidirektionale Verstärkung, doch ist dieses Verfahren überaus arbeitsintensiv und abhängig von der Zuverlässigkeit der ausführenden Arbeitskräfte. Fallen z.B. mehrere Faserstücke übereinander, so kann die Zementmasse nicht in die Zwischenräume eindringen. Es entstehen Schwachstellen in der Armierung, die bei Belastung der fertigen Teile zu Brüchen führen.Another method is based on the use of a concrete spray can, which brings together semi-liquid cement mortar with small amounts of cut glass fibers. The fibers fall on the documents and are e.g. already connected with cement when falling, sometimes only embedded in this porridge on the base. Although multidirectional reinforcement is created, this process is extremely labor-intensive and depends on the reliability of the executing worker. Traps e.g. several pieces of fiber on top of each other, so that the cement mass cannot penetrate into the spaces. Weaknesses arise in the reinforcement, which lead to breakage when the finished parts are loaded.

Der Erfindung liegt die Aufgabe zugrunde, ein zuverlässiges Verfahren zu schaffen, um Fasern jeder Art in Betonmassen einarbeiten zu können. Es muß geeignet sein, Platten, Formteile und sonstige aus Zementmassen herstellbare Artikel so zu armieren, daß ein schneller Arbeitsfluß und eine gleichmäßige hohe mehrdirektionale Festigkeit mit feinster Auflösung gewährleistet sind.The invention has for its object to provide a reliable method to incorporate fibers of all kinds in concrete masses. It must be suitable to reinforce plates, molded parts and other articles that can be produced from cement masses in such a way that a fast work flow and a uniformly high multi-directional strength with the finest resolution are guaranteed.

Diese Aufgabe ist erfindungsgemäß dadurch gelöst, daß als Feststoffe Fasern oder Gewebeschnitzel verwendet werden, die das mit einem Haftkleber als Haftmasse versehene Fadengelege an ihm haftend durchdringen.This object is achieved in that fibers or tissue chips are used as solids which penetrate the scrim provided with a pressure-sensitive adhesive as an adhesive.

Erfindungsgemäß wird folglich zunächst ein Fadengelege, ein Gewebe oder ein Netz hergestellt, bei dem sich mehr oder weniger parallele Fäden in einem bestimmten Abstand voneinander befinden. Dieser Abstand ist in weiten Grenzen variierbar. Er kann wenige Millimeter betragen oder in einer Größenordnung von z.B. 10 cm liegen. An dieses Fadengerüst werden erfindungsgemäß Fasern oder Gewebeschnitzel angeordnet. Dabei kann das Fadengelege aus endlosen Faserfilamenten oder aus Stapelfaser-Garnen bestehen. Die Fasern können aus den gleichen Materialien oder aus völlig andersartigen Faserarten bestehen, wenn besondere Eigenschaften des Betons erreicht werden sollen. Auch ihre Länge ist variierbar. Sie kann von wenigen Millimetern bis zu vielen Zentimetern betragen.According to the invention, therefore, a laid scrim, a woven fabric or a net is first produced, in which more or less parallel threads are located at a certain distance from one another. This distance can be varied within wide limits. It can be a few millimeters or on the order of e.g. 10 cm. According to the invention, fibers or tissue chips are arranged on this thread structure. The laid scrim can consist of endless fiber filaments or staple fiber yarns. The fibers can consist of the same materials or of completely different types of fibers if special properties of the concrete are to be achieved. Their length can also be varied. It can range from a few millimeters to many centimeters.

Um zu erreichen, daß die an dem Fadengelege befestigten Bewehrungsfasern an dem Fadengelege so haften bleiben, daß sie dieses durchragen oder durchdringen, sind selbstverständlich einige Parameter des Bewehrungsgerüstes aufeinander abzustimmen: So können beispielsweise die Abstände der Fäden des Fadengeleges und die Länge der an dem Fadengelege angeordneten Fasern sowie deren Elastizität variiert werden.In order to ensure that the reinforcement fibers attached to the scrim remain adhering to the scrim so that they penetrate or penetrate it, of course, some parameters of the reinforcement structure must be coordinated with one another: for example, the spacing of the threads of the scrim and the length of the threads on the scrim arranged fibers and their elasticity can be varied.

Das Verfahren ist so beschaffen, daß die aufgebrachten Fasern eine multidirektionale Anordnung erfahren, und zwar in der Ebene des Fadengerüstes und aus dieser Ebene herausragen. Dadurch kann eine dreidimensionale Armierung erreicht werden. Dabei bleibt das aus durchgehenden Fäden und geschnittenen Fasern kombinierte Produkt an seiner Oberfläche so offen, daß es leicht von der breiigen Zementmasse z.B. in einem automatisierten Arbeitsgang umschlossen werden kann.The process is such that the applied fibers experience a multidirectional arrangement, namely in the plane of the thread structure and protrude from this plane. This enables three-dimensional reinforcement to be achieved. The product combined from continuous threads and cut fibers remains so open on its surface that it is easily separated from the pulpy cement mass e.g. can be enclosed in an automated process.

Gemäß einer vorteilhaften Ausführungsform der Erfindung werden unkontrollierte Faseranhäufungen an dem Fadengelege dadurch vermieden, daß das Fadengelege zunächst mit einem Kleber versehen wird und dann einem Luftstrom mit Fasern ausgesetzt wird, die dann mit unterschiedlicher, willkürlicher Ausrichtung an dem Fadengelege halten bleiben. Nicht haftende Fasern fallen wieder ab. Von Zementmassen schwer durchdringbare Fasermassierungen werden vermieden.According to an advantageous embodiment of the invention, uncontrolled accumulations of fibers on the scrim are avoided by first providing the scrim with an adhesive and then exposing it to an air flow with fibers which then remain on the scrim with different, arbitrary orientations. Non-stick fibers fall off again. Fiber masses that are difficult to penetrate by cement masses are avoided.

Eine weitere Verfahrensvariante sieht vor, die Fäden des Fadengeleges anzurauhen. Vorteilhaft ist es, das Flächengebilde mit einem fixierenden Mittel zu verfestigen. Dies kann auf einfache Weise mit einem dünn eingestellten Zementbrei erfolgen. Die Verfestigung kann durch Besprühen, durch einen Tauchvorgang oder durch Aufrakeln erfolgen. Dieses Verfahren wird besonders dann angewendet, wenn ein Zusammendrücken des voluminösen Armierungsgerüstes im nachfolgenden Arbeitsprozeß vermieden werden soll.Another method variant provides for roughening the threads of the laid scrim. It is advantageous to solidify the fabric with a fixing agent. This can be done easily with a thinly set cement slurry. The solidification can take place by spraying, by dipping or by doctoring. This method is used in particular when compression of the voluminous reinforcement structure is to be avoided in the subsequent work process.

Das Herstellungsverfahren für das Armierungsgerüst ist nicht an eine bestimmte Faserart gebunden. Es können Glasfilamente verwendet werden, deren hohe Festigkeit sich durch die Einflüsse des Zementes nicht verändern. Es kommen aber auch synthetische Garne, etwa aus Polypropylen infrage, die vor allem die Berstfestigkeit des Betons verbessern. Eine Kombination von Baustahlgittern oder Maschendraht mit Fasern oder Gewebeschnitzeln bzw. Gewebestreifen ist ebenfalls möglich oder der Einsatz von natürlichen Fasern, wie, z.B.. Sisal. Selbst solche Fasern, die den aggressiven Medien des Zementes nicht standhalten, kommen für das Gittergerüst infrage, wenn die aufgebrachten Fasern diese Beständigkeit besitzen.The manufacturing process for the reinforcement structure is not tied to a specific type of fiber. Glass filaments can be used, the high strength of which does not change due to the influences of the cement. However, synthetic yarns, for example made of polypropylene, are also suitable, which above all improve the burst strength of the concrete. A combination of structural steel grids or wire mesh with fibers or fabric chips or fabric strips is also possible, or the use of natural fibers such as sisal. Even those fibers that cannot withstand the aggressive media of the cement are suitable for the lattice structure if the fibers applied have this resistance.

Auch die geschnittenen Fasern oder Garne, die die Eigenschaften des Armierungsgerüstes ergänzen sollen, können aus der erwähnten Glasfaserart, aus Polyamiden und anderen synthetischen Fasern oder aus Stahlfasern oder Draht bestehen. Es kommt nicht darauf an, daß z.B. ein Glasfaser-Fadengelege nur mit geschnittenen Glasfasern versehen werden kann und ein Fadensystem aus synthetischen Fasern nur mit gleichen Faserstücken. Mit Hilfe dieses Herstellungsverfahrens wird es erstmals möglich, genau dosierte Mischungen dieser Fasern untereinander in Beton einzuarbeiten und damit neue Eigenschaften der Produkte zu erzielen. Ein weiterer Vorteil gegenüber den bekannten Armierungsverfahren mit Fasern ergibt sich dadurch, daß Teilbereiche eines Bauteils oder einer Platte verstärkt werden, die besonders beansprucht sind. Glasfaserarmierte Platten lassen sich so herstellen, daß eine sehr hohe Bruchfestigkeit gegeben ist, die z.B. ein Nageln erlaubt. Die Randzonen einer Platte, die genagelt wird, lassen sich nach diesem Verfahren zusätzlich verstärken. Ähnliches gilt für Formteile, die sich durch das flexible Armierungsgerüst leicht herstellen lassen und die in den Zonen, in denen sie besonderen Zug- oder Stoßbelastungen ausgesetzt sind, entsprechend stark armiert werden können.The cut fibers or yarns, which are intended to supplement the properties of the reinforcement structure, can also be made from the glass fiber type mentioned, from polyamides and other synthetic fibers or from steel fibers or Wire exist. It is not important that, for example, a glass fiber laid scrim can only be provided with cut glass fibers and a thread system made of synthetic fibers can only be provided with the same pieces of fiber. With the help of this manufacturing process, it is possible for the first time to incorporate precisely metered mixtures of these fibers with each other into concrete and thus achieve new properties of the products. Another advantage over the known reinforcement methods with fibers results from the fact that partial areas of a component or a plate that are particularly stressed are reinforced. Glass-fiber-reinforced panels can be produced in such a way that they have a very high breaking strength, which allows, for example, nailing. The edge zones of a plate that is nailed can be additionally reinforced using this method. The same applies to molded parts that are easy to manufacture thanks to the flexible reinforcement framework and that can be reinforced accordingly in the zones in which they are exposed to particular tensile or impact loads.

Als weiteres Anwendungsbeispiel seien Sandwichplatten mit einem Hartschaumkern erwähnt. Der Hartschaumkern kann beispielsweise aus Polystyrol, Polyurethan oder geschäumtem Beton bestehen, wobei vor allem geschäumter Beton wegen seines geringen Preises interessant ist. Bringt man z.B. auf Polystyrolplatten eine dünne Schicht Zementmörtel auf, in die das beschriebene Armierungsgerüst eingebettet ist, so entsteht eine stabile und tragfähige Platte, die die guten wärmedämmenden Eigenschaften des Polystyrols durch die Armierung erzielte Festigkeit der Plattenoberfläche ergänzt, ohne die leichte Verarbeitbarkeit durch Holzbearbeitungsmaschinen zu verlieren.As another application example, sandwich panels with a hard foam core are mentioned. The rigid foam core can consist, for example, of polystyrene, polyurethane or foamed concrete, foamed concrete in particular being interesting because of its low price. If you bring e.g. A thin layer of cement mortar on polystyrene plates, in which the reinforcement structure described is embedded, creates a stable and stable plate that complements the good thermal insulation properties of the polystyrene through the reinforcement of the strength of the plate surface, without losing the ease of processing by woodworking machines.

Eine nach dem Verfahren der Erfindung hergestellte Platte wird vorzugsweise aus Zement hergestellt sein.A board made by the method of the invention will preferably be made of cement.

Eine Baustoffplatte mit ausgezeichneter Wärmedämmung und gleichzeitig seht großer mechanischer Festigkeit ergibt sich, wenn gemaß einer besonders vorteilhaften Ausführungsform der Erfindung die Baustoffplatte eine Innenschicht aus Polyurethanschaum enthält.A building material panel with excellent thermal insulation and, at the same time, great mechanical strength is obtained if, according to a particularly advantageous embodiment of the invention, the building material panel contains an inner layer made of polyurethane foam.

Die Erfindung wird im folgenden anhand von in den Figuren schematisch dargestellten Ausführungsbeispielen näher erläutert.The invention is explained in more detail below on the basis of exemplary embodiments shown schematically in the figures.

Es zeigt:

  • Figur 1 ein Armierungsgerüst gemäß der Erfindung in perspektivischer Ansicht
  • Figur 2 eine Baustoffplatte mit einer Innenschicht aus Polyurethanschaum.
It shows:
  • Figure 1 shows a reinforcement frame according to the invention in a perspective view
  • Figure 2 shows a building material panel with an inner layer made of polyurethane foam.

Das Fadengelege gemäß der Erfindung besteht aus den Längsoder Kettfäden 1 und den Quer- oder Schußfäden 2. Dieses Gelege wurde mit Haftkleber getränkt und danach einem Strom von Fasern oder Faserschnitzeln 3 ausgesetzt. Die Fasern 3 haften mit unterschiedlicher Ausrichtung an den Fäden des Fadengeleges und bilden mit diesem ein dreidimensionales, multidirektionales Armierungsgerüst. Dieses wird anschließend nach einem der bereits geschilderten Verfahren in eine Zementmasse eingearbeitet.The laid scrim according to the invention consists of the longitudinal or warp threads 1 and the transverse or weft threads 2. This scrim was impregnated with pressure sensitive adhesive and then exposed to a stream of fibers or fiber chips 3. The fibers 3 adhere to the threads of the laid scrim with different orientations and form a three-dimensional, multidirectional reinforcement structure with this. This is then incorporated into a cement paste using one of the methods already described.

Figur 2 zeigt eine nach dem Verfahren gemäß der Erfindung hergestellte Baustoffplatte im Querschnitt. Diese besteht aus einer inneren Trägerschicht 10 aus Polyurethanschaum, auf der beidseitig erfindungsgemäß armierte Zementplatten 11 angebracht sind. Zur Herstellung dieser Platte wird vorzugsweise die Polyurethanschaumschicht mit einem aus Fadengelege und den daran befestigten Fasern bestehenden Armierungsgerüst belegt. Danach wird auf die belegte Seite der Polyurethanschaumschicht mit einer Düse Flüssigzement bis zu einer Schichtdicke von wenigen Millimetern aufgesprüht. Die Dicke der Polyurethanschaumschicht 10 liegt größenordnungsmäßig bei einem Zentimeter.FIG. 2 shows a cross section of a building material board produced by the method according to the invention. This consists of an inner carrier layer 10 made of polyurethane foam, on which cement plates 11 reinforced according to the invention are attached on both sides. For the production of this plate, the polyurethane foam layer is preferably covered with a reinforcement structure consisting of laid scrims and the fibers attached to them. Afterwards, liquid cement is sprayed onto the occupied side of the polyurethane foam layer with a nozzle up to a layer thickness of a few millimeters. The thickness of the polyurethane foam layer 10 is approximately one centimeter.

Claims (12)

1. Method of making fibers-reinforced shaped-concrete elements wherein a grid-like filament structure is embedded in cement masses which, prior to its embedment, is provided with a bonding agent and then exposed to a stream of solid particles which adhere to the filament structure, characterized in that fibers or fabric shreds are used as the solid particles which adhere to and penetrate the filament structure which is coated with an adhesive as the bonding agent.
2. Method according to claim 1, characterized in that the fibers or fabric shreds, respectively, are fed to the adhesive-coated filament structure with the aid of an airstream.
3. Method according to claim 1, characterized in that the filaments of the filament structures are subjected to roughening.
4. Method according to claim 1, characterized in that strips of woven material are used as the filament structure.
5. Method according to claim 1, characterized in that the filament structure provided with the fibers or fabric shreds, respectively, is embedded in a thinly liquid cement slurry.
6. Method according to claim 1, characterized in that the filament structure provided with the fibers or fabric shreds, respectively, is sprayed with liquid cement and pre-stiffened prior to its embedment in the cement mass.
7. Shaped element of cement, made pursuant to a method according to claims 1 to 6, characterized by at least one grid-like filament structure (1, 2) with fibers or fabric shreds (3) adhering thereto and penetrating the same and inclined transversely or obliquely to the grid surface.
8. Shaped element according to claim 7, characterized in that the filament structure (1, 2) and/or the fibers or fabric shreds (3), respectively, are of synthetic yarns, preferably fiber- reinforced synthetic plastic.
9. Shaped element according to claim 7, characterized in that the filament structure (1, 2) and/or the fibers (3) consist of natural fibers, such as sisal.
10. Shaped element according to claim 7, characterized in that the filament structure (1, 2) and/or the fibers (3) consist of steel fibers.
11. Shaped element according to claim 8, characterized in that it is plate-shaped and includes an inner layer (10) of polyurethane foam.
12. Shaped element according to claim 8, characterized in that it additionally contains a known per se metal reinforcement.
EP78101501A 1977-12-02 1978-12-01 Method of manufacturing fibre-reinforced concrete structural elements and structural elements manufactured according to this method Expired EP0002267B1 (en)

Applications Claiming Priority (2)

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DE2753858 1977-12-02
DE2753858A DE2753858C3 (en) 1977-12-02 1977-12-02 Process for the production of fiber-reinforced concrete moldings and moldings produced by this process

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EP0002267A1 EP0002267A1 (en) 1979-06-13
EP0002267B1 true EP0002267B1 (en) 1980-12-10

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EP (1) EP0002267B1 (en)
AT (1) AT359902B (en)
CA (1) CA1089669A (en)
DE (2) DE2753858C3 (en)

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DE2753858C3 (en) 1980-10-23
US4257993A (en) 1981-03-24
AT359902B (en) 1980-12-10
DE2753858B2 (en) 1980-03-06
EP0002267A1 (en) 1979-06-13
DE2860319D1 (en) 1981-02-19
CA1089669A (en) 1980-11-18
DE2753858A1 (en) 1979-06-07
ATA855778A (en) 1980-04-15

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